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Congressional Research Service (CRS)

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) serves the Congress throughout the legislative process by providing comprehensive and reliable legislative research and analysis that are timely, objective, authoritative, and confidential, thereby contributing to an informed national legislature.

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Search Archive-It CRS Reports

This is free searchable archive of CRS reports from numerous different sites.  They are available at this Archive-It site and are searchable from the box below. Currency varies.

What is the Congressional Research Service (CRS)?

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is a division of the Library of Congress. They produce analytical, non-partisan reports on topics of interest to members of Congress.  In 2018 they stood up a public website for dissemination of their more recent reports, and there are a number of free and subscription sites where you can find current and older CRS reports. You can also request copies from your Congressional Representative.

Many CRS reports are frequently updated, so try to find the most recent version using the resources in this guide. The CRS logo and a header from a typical CRS report are below.

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Where to find CRS Reports

• Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports Country profiles and information documents prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). more... less... CRS offers a variety of written products to Congress, including its well-known reports that provide in-depth research and analysis.

• Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL) A searchable free collection updated weekly.
• Archive-It Congressional Research Service Reports This site searches across many of the sites that provide free access to CRS reports - often a lag in current updates.
• Federation of American Scientists CRS Reports A very good site for current reports, organized by broad category but not very searchable nor historic.
• University of North Texas (UNT) Digital Library CRS Reports A great colllection and very searchable but a long delay in posting the most current reports.

CRS Reports from "Greta's Weekly Email"

• Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL) CRS Collection All of the reports listed on greta's weekly email are posted in the HSDL. They are usually posted within 7-10 days and all prior versions are retained. This collection is open to the public.

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The Library has older (mid-1970's to mid-1990's) CRS reports on microfiche and microfilm.  For help with these, contact Ask a Librarian .

• Last Updated: Sep 10, 2024 11:29 AM
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Congressional Research Service Reports

About This Collection

As of 2018, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) provides public access to its reports, no longer requiring citizens to request them from their Members of Congress. This site is not affiliated with the Congressional Research Service, but aims to provide integrated, searchable access to many of the full-text CRS reports that have been available at a variety of different web sites since 1990 as well as converted print material.

The information on this site is compiled and made available as a public service by the Government Documents Department at the UNT Libraries. UNT does not make any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or for results obtained from the use of the information. Distribution of the information does not constitute such a warranty. Use of the information is the sole responsibility of the user.

About the Congressional Research Service

CRS is the public policy research arm of Congress. This legislative branch agency works exclusively for Members of Congress, their committees and their staffs. For more information, visit the CRS website at http://www.loc.gov/crsinfo/ . Access CRS content hosted by the Library of Congress by visiting https://crsreports.congress.gov/ .

About This Project

The NewsBank/Readex/GODORT/ALA Catharine J. Reynolds award was given to Cathy Nelson Hartman and Valerie D. Glenn in the summer of 2002, to begin the process of capturing Congressional Research Service reports available via the Internet and provide permanent public access to them.

Reports were downloaded from a variety of web sites that host CRS reports, either currently or in the past. Many CRS reports are updated on a regular basis, and this site includes all versions of the reports that could be located. When HTML files were captured, a note was inserted at the top of the report indicating from where the files were downloaded. To prevent the need for constant maintenance of files, most external links have been removed.

Metadata has been created for each report, including subject terms from the Legislative Indexing Vocabulary, supplemented with Library of Congress Subject Headings. Users have the ability to search by keyword, title, author, subject, and report number.

As of January 2019, we have ceased updating this collection with downloaded content. Ongoing updates to the collection will be limited to converting older print reports discovered or donated to the UNT Libraries.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals and institutions for contributing reports to this project:

• W. Frank Steely Library, Northern Kentucky University
• Oklahoma State University Library
• University of Texas Libraries

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Cite This Collection

Here is our suggested citation. Consult an appropriate style guide for conformance to specific guidelines.

Congressional Research Service Reports in UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas Libraries. https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/CRSR/ accessed November 6, 2024. Copy Citation

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Congressional Research Service Reports

Introduction, types of products created by crs.

• Online Sources
• Print & Microform Sources

Law Library Hours

• Law Library Hours & Contact Information

New CRS Reports (EveryCRSReport.com)

For decades, CRS did not provide direct online public access to its reports or distribute reports to libraries. But in 2018, Congress passed a law directing the creation of a public site and ending the legal requirement prohibiting CRS from providing its products to the public.

Some organizations and institutions have made thousands of reports freely available, and some UW-restricted commercial databases have extensive collections of reports.

There are several types of written products created by CRS researchers in the course of their work. As described in the 2022 Congressional Research Service Annual Report , those products include:

• Reports (R): Comprehensive research and analysis on the range of issues before Congress
• In Focus (IF): Short, two-page documents providing a quick overview or primer on a topic
• Infographics (IG) : Visual representations that bring clarity to complex processes and topics
• Insights (IN): Short analyses of current topics of interest to Congress
• Legal Sidebar (LSB): Brief examination of recent development in the law
• Testimony (TE): Written statements of CRS experts called before Congress
• Next: Online Sources >>
• Last Updated: Mar 26, 2024 11:26 AM
• URL: https://lib.law.uw.edu/crs

EveryCRSReport.com is managed by the American Governance Institute , a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization focused on strengthening the institutions of American government. The website was created in 2016 by the Congressional Data Coalition , a partnership of civil society organizations and others working to improve public access to legislative information, co-founded by Daniel Schuman and Zach Graves . The technology infrastructure was built and maintained by Josh Tauberer , creator of GovTrack.us , and made possible with financial support from Demand Progress Education Fund .

Contact information

You can reach us at [email protected] .

We are glad to hear from you, but please do not ask us to help you perform research or find reports.

Support our work

Please go to our donation website and donate there to help us keep this website running. If you are interested in supporting our work, or want to support other open government work, please contact me, Daniel Schuman, at [email protected] .

Bulk download

All of the CRS reports (and metadata) on this site is available for download. See the developer documentation for details.

About the site

Congressional Research Service reports are the best way for anyone to quickly get up to speed on major political issues without having to worry about spin — from the same source Congress uses.

CRS is Congress’ think tank, and its reports are relied upon by academics, businesses, judges, policy advocates, students, librarians, journalists, and policymakers for accurate and timely analysis of important policy issues. The reports are not classified and do not contain individualized advice to any specific member of Congress. (More: What is a CRS report? )

Until today, CRS reports were generally available only to the well-connected.

Now, in partnership with a Republican and a Democratic member of Congress and library partners, we are making these reports available to everyone for free online and in one place.

A coalition of public interest groups, journalists, academics, students, some Members of Congress, and former CRS employees have been advocating for greater access to CRS reports for over twenty years. Two bills in Congress to make these reports widely available already have 10 sponsors ( S. 2639 and H.R. 4702 , 114th Congress) and we urge Congress to finish the job.

This website shows Congress one vision of how it could be done. Here's why we did it .

What does EveryCRSReport.com include?

EveryCRSReport.com includes 21,803 CRS reports. The number changes regularly.

It’s every CRS report that’s available on Congress’s internal website CRS.gov, plus about 5,100 archived reports from the University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department CRS reports collection .

As appropriate, we redact the phone number and email address of analysts from the reports obtained from CRS.gov. We also add disclaimer language regarding copyright and the role CRS reports are intended to play. That’s it. (Here's why we redact some info .)

We also show how much a report has changed over time (whenever CRS publishes an update), provide RSS feeds, and we hope to add more features in the future. Help us make that possible.

To receive an email alert for all new reports and new reports in a particular topic area, use the RSS icon next to the topic area titles and a third-party service, like IFTTT , to monitor the RSS feed for new additions.

Acknowledgements

We owe a huge debt to Josh Ruihley, who built the amazing (but no longer operating) opencrs.com, which hand curated the reports from the web. We are fortunate to be able to take a different approach to gathering the reports and salute him for his years of effort.

We also must thank Antoine McGrath, who not only built the fantastic CRSReports.com , but also helped write the code to clean up CRS’ files.

We also must acknowledge Steve Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists, who tirelessly collected many CRS reports on his website , as have many others , who curate and publish the reports online.

We dedicate the website to the memory of Aaron Swartz and to activists everywhere that labor to make civic information available to the general public.

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Home > CRS > CRS Reports

Congress of the United States

Congressional research service reports.

Gray Wolves Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA): Distinct Population Segments and Experimental Populations , Kristina Alexander

Energy and Water Development: FY2011 Appropriations , Carl E. Behrens

Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species , Eugene H. Buck

Asian Carp and the Great Lakes Region , Eugene H. Buck, Harold F. Upton, Charles V. Stern, and James E. Nicols

Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA’s Response to the Waterkeeper Alliance Court Decision on Regulation of CAFOs , Claudia Copeland

Water Quality Issues in the 111th Congress: Oversight and Implementation , Claudia Copeland

Wetlands: An Overview of Issues , Claudia Copeland

Agricultural Biotechnology: Background and Recent Issues , Tadlock Cowan

Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment , Peter Folger

Forestry in the Next Farm Bill , Ross W. Gorte

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute , Charles E. Hanrahan

Chuck Hagel- U.S. SENATOR FROM NEBRASKA , Joint Committee on Printing

FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture , Jim Monke

Capturing CO2 from Coal-Fired Power Plants: Challenges for a Comprehensive Strategy , Larry Parker and Peter Folger

Nanotechnology and Environmental, Health, and Safety: Issues for Consideration , John F. Sargent Jr.

Agriculture-Based Biofuels: Overview and Emerging Issues , Randy Schnepf

Agriculture in the WTO: Limits on Domestic Support , Randy Schnepf

Previewing Dairy Policy Options for the Next Farm Bill , Dennis A. Shields

Agricultural Disaster Assistance , Dennis A. Shields and Ralph M. Chite

Agricultural Conservation: A Guide to Programs , Megan Stubbs

Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Status and Issues , Megan Stubbs

Renewable Energy Programs in the 2008 Farm Bill , Megan Stubbs

Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs , Brent D. Yacobucci

Whales and Sonar: Environmental Exemptions for the Navy's Mid-Frequency Active Sonar Training , Kristina Alexander

Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues , Geoffrey S. Becker and Tadlock Cowan

The Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund , Eugene H. Buck

Desalination: Status and Federal Issues , Nicole T. Carter

Water Infrastructure Funding in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 , Claudia Copeland and Nicole T. Carter

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) , Peter Folger

Drought in the United States: Causes and Issues for Congress , Peter Folger, Betsy A. Cody, and Nicole T. Carter

Pipeline Safety and Security: Federal Programs , Paul W. Parfomak

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2009 , John F. Sargent Jr.

The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress , Dana A. Shea, Jim Monke, and Frank Gottron

Advanced Research Projects Agency- Energy (ARPA-E): Background, Status, and Selected Issues for Congress , Deborah D. Stine

Science, Technology, and American Diplomacy: Background and Issues for Congress , Deborah D. Stine

The President's Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): Issues for Congress , Deborah D. Stine

The U.S. Science and Technology Workforce , Deborah D. Stine and Christine M. Matthews

Energy and Water Development: FY2009 Appropriations , Carl E. Behrens

The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Federal Water Rights , Cynthia Brougher

Active Military Sonar and Marine Mammals: Events and References , Eugene H. Buck and Kori Clavert

Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview , Tadlock Cowan and Renée Johnson

Wilderness: Overview and Statistics , Ross W. Gorte

Comparison of the 2008 Farm Bill Conference Agreement with the House and Senate Farm Bills , Renée Johnson, Geoffrey S. Becker, Tom Capehart, Ralph M. Chite, Tadlock Cowan, Ross W. Gorte, Charles E. Hanrahan, Remy Jurenas, Jim Monke, Jean M. Rawson, Randy Schnepf, Joe Richardson, Donald J. Marples, and Mark Jickling

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: Background, Federal Policy, and Legislative Action , Jeffrey J. Kuenzi

Wind Power in the United States: Technology, Economic, and Policy Issues , Jeffery Logan and Stan Mark Kaplan

Engineered Nanoscale Materials and Derivative Products: Regulatory Challenges , Linda-Jo Schierow

Science and Technology Policymaking: A Primer , Deborah D. Stine

Grazing Fees: An Overview and Current Issues , Carol Hardy Vincent

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress , Brent D. Yacobucci

Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? , Claudia Copeland

Stem Cell Research: Federal Research Funding and Oversight , Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams

Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications , Jane A. Leggett

National Science Foundation: Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction , Christine M. Matthews

Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Status and Issues , Christine M. Matthews

The Advanced Technology Program , Wendy H. Schacht

The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Overview , Wendy H. Schacht

Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research , Jon O. Shimabukuro

Land Exchanges: Bureau of Land Management Process and Issues , Carol Hardy Vincent

Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues , Brent D. Yacobucci

Western Water Resource Issues , Betsy A. Cody and Pervaze A. Sheikh

Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act , Claudia Copeland

Manipulating Molecules: Federal Support for Nanotechnology Research , Michael E. Davey

U.S. Military Space Programs: An Overview of Appropriations and Current Issues , Patricia Moloney Figliola

Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 109th Congress , Frank Gottron

Human Cloning , Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams

Stem Cell Research: State Initiatives , Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams

MTBE in Gasoline: Clean Air and Drinking Water Issues , James E. McCarthy and Mary Tiemann

Hubble Space Telescope: Should NASA Proceed with a Servicing Mission? , Daniel Morgan

Federal R&D, Drug Discovery, and Pricing: Insights from the NIH-University-Industry Relationship , Wendy H. Schacht

The Bayh-Dole Act: Selected Issues in Patent Policy and the Commercialization of Technology , Wendy H. Schacht

Oversight of Dual-Use Biological Research: The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity , Dana A. Shea

Space Exploration: Issues Concerning the “Vision for Space Exploration” , Marcia S. Smith

U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial , Marcia S. Smith

Impacts of Technology on U.S. Cropland and Rangeland Productivity , Office of Technology Assessment

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Please note : the content viewed in ProQuest ® Congressional varies according to the subscriptions/purchases of individual institutions.

About CRS Reports  

CRS Reports are a source of information of all kinds - from historical research to current events, to information about how Congress works.   The researchers at CRS respond to requests for information from members of Congress on all topics - from information on economic indicators, the strategic petroleum reserve, public health issues, and international affairs.  CRS Rports are often the first place (within ProQuest Congressional) you'll see informative content about issues in the news, and they'll often also provide reviews of legislation, years after passage.

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) was established within the Library of Congress to provide members, committees, and congressional staff with nonpartisan and objective research and analysis on all public policy issues. Originally established in 1914 as the Legislative Reference Division, CRS was originally organized as a typical library reference service. Under the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, it was officially named the Legislative Reference Service, given permanent status as a separate department within the Library, and directed to employ senior specialists in various program areas. The Legislative Reference Service was renamed Congressional Research Service under the Legislative Reference Act of 1970.

Currently, the CRS research divisions are: American Law; Domestic Social Policy; Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade; Government and Finance; Knowledge Services; and Resources, Science and Industry. Many CRS reports are updated at varying intervals, so it is always important to note the exact date of issuance rather than just the title and the year of publication.

Accessing Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports  

The Advanced Search form allows you to search on specific segments of a document. The search segments below apply to Committee Prints.

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Collections that include CRS Reports  

The ProQuest Congressional Research Digital Collection includes indexing and searchable PDFs available for a collection of CRS Reports (1916-current).  Click on the link immediately below for more information on this collection.

Some CRS reports have been issued as House or Senate documents, reports, or committee prints, while others are available as attachments to various types of publications.

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• Last Updated: Jul 25, 2023 3:18 PM
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Every CRS Report – Bias and Credibility

Least biased.

These sources have minimal bias and use very few loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by using an appeal to emotion or stereotypes).  The reporting is factual and usually sourced.  These are the most credible media sources. See all Least Biased sources.

• Overall, we rate EveryCRSReport.com Least Biased based on not editorializing content. We also rate them Very-High for factual reporting through just straight reporting the congressional reports.

Detailed Report

Bias Rating: LEAST BIASED Factual Reporting: VERY HIGH Country: USA MBFC’s Country Freedom Rating: MOSTLY FREE Media Type: Organization/Foundation Traffic/Popularity: Minimal Traffic MBFC Credibility Rating: HIGH CREDIBILITY

Founded in 2016 , CRS (Congressional Research Service) is a Congress think tank, and its reports are relied upon by academics, businesses, judges, policy advocates, students, librarians, journalists, and policymakers for accurate and timely analysis of important policy issues. The reports are not classified and do not contain individualized advice to any specific member of Congress.

Read our profile on USA media and government.

Funded by / Ownership

According to their about page , “EveryCRSReport.com is a project of  Demand Progress  in collaboration with the  Congressional Data Coalition — a bipartisan coalition founded by Demand Progress and the R Street Institute to promote open legislative information.” Revenue is derived through donations.

Analysis / Bias

In review, EveryCRSReport.com publishes every report from the Congressional Research Service, which includes the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) . There is no spin or bias; they just publish the reports as they come in, such as this: Authorizing New Additions to Memorials in the District of Columbia: Issues for Consideration . This source does exactly what they claim with minimal bias.

Failed Fact Checks

• None in the Last 5 years

Overall, we rate EveryCRSReport.com Least Biased based on not editorializing content. We also rate them Very-High for factual reporting through just straight reporting the congressional reports. (D. Van Zandt 11/30/2016) Updated (06/21/2024)

Source:  https://www.everycrsreport.com/

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United States Government Documents: The Presidency, Congress, the Courts, & Agency Regulations: Congressional Research Service (CRS)

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• Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS)
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About CRS Reports

Sources for crs reports.

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"The Congressional Research Service (CRS) works exclusively for the United States Congress, providing policy and legal analysis to committees and Members of both the House and Senate, regardless of party affiliation. As a legislative branch agency within the Library of Congress, CRS has been a valued and respected resource on Capitol Hill for more than a century.

CRS is well-known for analysis that is authoritative, confidential, objective and nonpartisan. Its highest priority is to ensure that Congress has 24/7 access to the nation’s best thinking." ( Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service )

This Cornell Library licensed database includes a comprehensive collection of CRS Reports, 1916 -- present. Select the Advanced Search. Un select All and select CRS Reports.

• CRS Reports from congress.gov As of September 2018, "all new or updated reports will be added to this website as they are made available to Congress. The Library is also working to make available the back catalog of previously published reports as expeditiously as possible."

See also: Before September 2018, CRS reports were not made available to the general public. The two resources below compiled reports made available by individual members of Congress and by several government agencies:

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• Next: Legislative Histories >>
• Last Updated: Jul 16, 2024 4:11 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.cornell.edu/usdocuments