phd in banking and finance uk

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PhD/ MPhil/ MSc Finance (Research)

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The PhD/MPhil/MSc in Finance comprises a short taught component followed by a longer research phase. Taught modules allow you to broaden, as well as deepen, your knowledge of research methods as well as conducting your own research and developing transferable professional skills.

The PhD programme in Finance will facilitate the creation and interpretation of new knowledge by the research student, demonstrated through the thesis. The taught component is designed to ensure that doctoral researchers understand the breath of techniques used in modern social science research.

Doctoral researchers will be capable of analysing a range of data using a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques. They will be able to explain theories underlying different approaches to social science research. Doctoral researchers are expected to participate to the fullest possible extent in the life of the Department of Finance and the Business School. This means attending seminars organised by the Department of Finance and more widely in the Business School thereby helping expose doctoral researchers to new ideas emanating from outside their own area of specialisation. It also requires actively participating in PhD workshops and conferences organised by the Department of Finance, the Business School and Graduate School as well as institutions outside the University of Birmingham.

Ultimately all doctoral researchers will have the ability to characterise and solve business and financial problems using advanced research tools. They should be able to derive policy implications from their research and communicate these to policy makers, practitioners and other academics in a manner which is comprehensible. They will also be able to peer review others’ research and offer constructive criticism; and to extend the frontiers of the discipline through their own innovative research.

Doctoral researchers may choose to become academics, work in Government, businesses, supranational organisations or in the research arms of major financial institutions. They are expected to achieve a substantial understanding of contemporaneous financial and business issues enabling them to take a lead in ongoing debates within society. They will be aware of and understand the function of related institutions at both a national and international level.

Fees 2024 - 2025

• Code: 021B - £4,778 (UK) PhD Full time
• Code: 022B - £2,389 (UK) PhD Part time
• Code: 021B - £23,520 (International) PhD Full time
• Code: 023B - £4,778 (UK) MPhil
• Code: 023B - £23,520 (International) MPhil
• Code: 045B - £4,778 (UK) MSc (Research)
• Code 045B - £23,520 (International) MSc (Research)

Learn more about fees and funding

Scholarships and studentships

A limited number of scholarships may be available to outstanding applicants. International students  can often gain funding through overseas research scholarships, Commonwealth scholarships or their home Government.

For further information contact the School directly or visit our helpdesk.

How To Apply

• How to apply

To apply for a postgraduate research programme, you will need to submit your application and supporting documents online. We have put together some helpful information on the research programme application process and supporting documents on our how to apply page . Please read this information carefully before completing your application.

Our Standard Requirements

The Business School's entry requirement is a good honours degree (first or upper second class honours) awarded by a recognised University in an appropriate subject, and a merit in a relevant Master’s degree. We usually ask students for an average of 65 in the taught component of their Masters. All international students also need to show that they have adequate knowledge of written and spoken English.

Learn more about our entry requirements.

Writing your research proposal

Along with your academic record, your references and your curriculum vitae your research proposal plays a critical role in the evaluation of your application.

Your research proposal should illustrate your ability to plan an independent research study and the relevance of your topic to the research interests and expertise of Birmingham Business School.You need to demonstrate that you understand the field that you plan to research, identify an interesting and original research question, and develop a tentative plan of study. It is highly desirable that your research proposal is written to the guidelines specified below.

Guidelines for the Research Proposal

When clicking on the Apply Now button you will be directed to an application specifically designed for the programme you wish to apply for where you will create an account with the University application system and submit your application and supporting documents online. Further information regarding how to apply online can be found on the how to apply pages.

International Requirements

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 14/20 from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the Licenciado or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Argentinian university, with a promedio of at least 7.5, may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Applicants for PhD degrees will normally have a Maestria or equivalent

Applicants who hold a Masters degree will be considered for admission to PhD study.

Holders of a good four-year Diplomstudium/Magister or a Masters degree from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 2.5 will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a good 5-year Specialist Diploma or 4-year Bachelor degree from a recognised higher education institution in Azerbaijan, with a minimum GPA of 4/5 or 80% will be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes at the University of Birmingham.

For postgraduate research programmes applicants should have a good 5-year Specialist Diploma (completed after 1991), with a minimum grade point average of 4/5 or 80%, from a recognised higher education institution or a Masters or “Magistr Diplomu” or “Kandidat Nauk” from a recognised higher education institution in Azerbaijan.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 75% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a CGPA of 3.0-3.3/4.0 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students who hold a Masters degree from the University of Botswana with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 (70%/B/'very good') will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Please note 4-year bachelor degrees from the University of Botswana are considered equivalent to a Diploma of Higher Education. 5-year bachelor degrees from the University of Botswana are considered equivalent to a British Bachelor (Ordinary) degree.

Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

A Licenciatura or Bacharelado degree from a recognised Brazilian university:

• A grade of 7.5/10 for entry to programmes with a 2:1 requirement
• A grade of 6.5/10for entry to programmes with a 2:2 requirement

Holders of a good Bachelors degree with honours (4 to 6 years) from a recognised university with a upper second class grade or higher will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.  Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good post-2001 Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a minimum average of 14 out of 20 (or 70%) on a 4-year Licence, Bachelor degree or Diplôme d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce (DESC) or Diplôme d'Ingénieur or a Maîtrise will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Holders of a bachelor degree with honours from a recognised Canadian university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. A GPA of 3.0/4, 7.0/9 or 75% is usually equivalent to a UK 2.1.

Holders of the Licenciado or equivalent Professional Title from a recognised Chilean university will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Applicants for PhD study will preferably hold a Magister degree or equivalent.

Students with a bachelor’s degree (4 years minimum) may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. However please note that we will only consider students who meet the entry guidance below. 

Please note: for the subject areas below we use the Shanghai Ranking 2023 (full table) , Shanghai Ranking 2024 (full table) and Shanghai Ranking of Chinese Art Universities 2024

需要具备学士学位（4年制）的申请人可申请研究生课程。请根据所申请的课程查看相应的入学要求。 请注意，中国院校名单参考 软科中国大学排名2023（总榜） ，  软科中国大学排名2024（总榜） ，以及 软科中国艺术类高校名单2024 。  

Business School (excluding MBA)   and School of Computer Science programmes 商学院 （ MBA除外） 及计算机学院硕士 课程入学要求

* Applicants from Group 4 institutions are only considered for the following 7 programmes

来自第四类院校的申请人仅限于申请以下7个课程：

• MSc Financial Management
• MSc Investments
• MSc Financial Technology
• MSc Economics
• MSc Financial Economics
• MSc Money, Banking and Finance
• MSc Computer Science

All other programmes (including MBA)   所有其他 硕士课程（包括 MBA）入学要求

Please contact the China Recruitment Team for any questions on the above entry requirements.

如果您对录取要求有疑问，请联系伯明翰大学中国办公室   [email protected]  

Holders of the Licenciado/Professional Title from a recognised Colombian university will be considered for our Postgraduate Diploma and Masters degrees. Applicants for PhD degrees will normally have a Maestria or equivalent.

Holders of a good bachelor degree with honours (4 to 6 years) from a recognised university with a upper second class grade or higher will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.  Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Bacclaureus (Bachelors) from a recognised Croatian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 4.0 out of 5.0, vrlo dobar ‘very good’, or a Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a Bachelors degree(from the University of the West Indies or the University of Technology) may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. A Class II Upper Division degree is usually equivalent to a UK 2.1. For further details on particular institutions please refer to the list below.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Masters degree or Mphil from the University of the West Indies.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum overall grade of 6.5 out of 10, or a GPA of 3 out of 4, and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bakalár from a recognised Czech Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 1.5, B, velmi dobre ‘very good’ (post-2004) or 2, velmi dobre ‘good’ (pre-2004), or a good post-2002 Magistr (Masters), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum overall grade of 7-10 out of 12 (or 8 out of 13) or higher for 2:1 equivalence and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters/ Magisterkonfereus/Magister Artium degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the Licenciado or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Ecuadorian university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Grades of 70% or higher can be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Magister/Masterado or equivalent qualification, but holders of the Licenciado with excellent grades can be considered.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 75% from a recognised institution. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bakalaurusekraad from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 4/5 or B, or a good one- or two-year Magistrikraad from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree with very good grades (grade B, 3.5/4 GPA or 85%) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. 

Holders of a good Kandidaatti / Kandidat (old system), a professional title such as Ekonomi, Diplomi-insinööri, Arkkitehti, Lisensiaatti (in Medicine, Dentistry and Vetinary Medicine), or a Maisteri / Magister (new system), Lisensiaatti / Licenciat, Oikeustieteen Kandidaatti / Juris Kandidat (new system) or Proviisori / Provisor from a recognised Finnish Higher Education institution, with a minimum overall grade of 2/3 or 4/5, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters/Maîtrise with a minimum overall grade of 13 out of 20, or a Magistère / Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures Specialisées / Mastère Specialis, from a recognised French university or Grande École to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Magister Artium, a Diplom or an Erstes Staatsexamen from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 2.5, or a good two-year Lizentiat / Aufbaustudium / Zweites Staatsexamen or a Masters degree from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good four-year Ptychio (Bachelor degree) with a minimum overall grade of 6.5 out of 10, from a recognised Greek university (AEI), and will usually be required to have completed a good Metaptychiako Diploma Eidikefsis (Masters degree) from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

4-year Licenciado is deemed equivalent to a UK bachelors degree. A score of 75 or higher from Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC) can be considered comparable to a UK 2.1, 60 is comparable to a UK 2.2.  Private universities have a higher pass mark, so 80 or higher should be considered comparable to a UK 2.1, 70 is comparable to a UK 2.2

The Hong Kong Bachelor degree is considered comparable to British Bachelor degree standard. Students with bachelor degrees awarded by universities in Hong Kong may be considered for entry to one of our postgraduate degree programmes.

Students with Masters degrees may be considered for PhD study.

Holders of a good Alapfokozat / Alapképzés or Egyetemi Oklevel from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 3.5, or a good Mesterfokozat (Masters degree) or Egyetemi Doktor (university doctorate), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a 60% or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the 4 year Sarjana (S1) from a recognised Indonesian institution will be considered for postgraduate study. Entry requirements vary with a minimum requirement of a GPA of 2.8.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a score of 14/20 or 70% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution, with 100 out of 110 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students who hold the Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees (14-15/20 or Bien from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 12-13/20 or Assez Bien is considered comparable to a UK 2.2).

Students with a Bachelor degree from a recognised university in Japan will be considered for entry to a postgraduate Masters degree provided they achieve a sufficiently high overall score in their first (Bachelor) degree. A GPA of 3.0/4.0 or a B average from a good Japanese university is usually considered equivalent to a UK 2:1.

Students with a Masters degree from a recognised university in Japan will be considered for PhD study. A high overall grade will be necessary to be considered.

Students who have completed their Specialist Diploma Мамаң дипломы/Диплом специалиста) or "Magistr" (Магистр дипломы/Диплом магистра) degree (completed after 1991) from a recognised higher education institution, with a minimum GPA of 2.67/4.00 for courses requiring a UK lower second and 3.00/4.00 for courses requiring a UK upper second class degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate Masters degrees and, occasionally, directly for PhD degrees.  Holders of a Bachelor "Bakalavr" degree (Бакалавр дипломы/Диплом бакалавра) from a recognised higher education institution, with a minimum GPA of  2.67/4.00 for courses requiring a UK lower second and 3.00/4.00 for courses requiring a UK upper second class degree, may also be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/50

Holders of a good Postgraduate Diploma (professional programme) from a recognised university or institution of Higher Education, with a minimum overall grade of 7.5 out of 10, or a post-2000 Magistrs, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a score of 16/20 or 80% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in Libya will be considered for postgraduate study. Holders of a Bachelors degree will normally be expected to have achieved score of 70% for 2:1 equivalency or 65% for 2:2 equivalency. Alternatively students will require a minimum of 3.0/4.0 or BB to be considered.

Holders of a good pre-2001 Magistras from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 8 out of 10, or a good post-2001 Magistras, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes

Holders of a good Bachelors degree from a recognised Luxembourgish Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 16 out of 20, or a Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Spécialisées (comparable to a UK PGDip) or Masters degree from a recognised Luxembourgish Higher Education institution will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees (70-74% or A or Marginal Distinction from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 60-69% or B or Bare Distinction/Credit is considered comparable to a UK 2.2).

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised Malaysian institution (usually achieved with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average minimum of 3.0) will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a good Bachelors degree from the University of Malta with a minimum grade of 2:1 (Hons), and/or a Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree (Honours) from a recognised institution (including the University of Mauritius) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2:1).

Students who hold the Licenciado/Professional Titulo from a recognised Mexican university with a promedio of at least 8 will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Students who have completed a Maestria from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree, licence or Maîtrise and a Masters degree, with a score of 14/20 or 70% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students with a good four year honours degree from a recognised university will be considered for postgraduate study at the University of Birmingham. PhD applications will be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 60-74% or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Doctoraal from a recognised Dutch university with a minimum overall grade of 7 out of 10, and/or a good Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree (minimum 4 years and/or level 400) from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum GPA of B/Very Good or 1.6-2.5 for a 2.1 equivalency, and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters, Mastergrad, Magister. Artium, Sivilingeniør, Candidatus realium or Candidatus philologiae degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a CGPA of 3.0/4 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in the Palestinian Territories will be considered for postgraduate study. Holders of Bachelors degree will normally be expected to have achieved a GPA of 3/4 or 80% for 2:1 equivalency or a GPA of 2.5/4 or 70% for 2:2 equivalency.    

Holders of the Título de Licenciado /Título de (4-6 years) or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Paraguayan university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Grades of 4/5 or higher can be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  The Título Intermedio is a 2-3 year degree and is equivalent to a HNC, it is not suitable for postgraduate entry but holders of this award could be considered for second year undergraduate entry or pre-Masters.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Título de Maestría / Magister or equivalent qualification, but holders of the Título/Grado de Licenciado/a with excellent grades can be considered.

Holders of the Bachiller, Licenciado, or Título Profesional with at least 13/20 may be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Título de Maestría or equivalent qualification.

Holders of a good pre-2001 Magister from a recognised Polish university with a minimum overall grade of 4 out of 5, dobry ‘good’, and/or a good Swiadectwo Ukonczenia Studiów Podyplomowych (Certificate of Postgraduate Study) or post-2001 Magister from a recognised Polish university with a minimum overall grade of 4.5/4+ out of 5, dobry plus 'better than good', will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Licenciado from a recognised university, or a Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised Polytechnic Institution, with a minimum overall grade of 16 out of 20, and/or a good Mestrado / Mestre (Masters) from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised Romanian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 8 out of 10, and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree/Diploma de Master/Diploma de Studii Academice Postuniversitare (Postgraduate Diploma - Academic Studies) or Diploma de Studii Postuniversitare de Specializare (Postgraduate Diploma - Specialised Studies) to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Диплом Специалиста (Specialist Diploma) or Диплом Магистра (Magistr) degree from recognised universities in Russia (minimum GPA of 4.0) will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes/PhD study.

Students who hold a 4-year Bachelor degree with at least 16/20 or 70% will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.   

Students who hold a Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies,Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. A score of 14-15/20 or Bien from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 12-13/20 or Assez Bien is considered comparable to a UK 2.2

Students who hold a Bachelor (Honours) degree from a recognised institution with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 (or a score of 60-69% or B+) from a well ranked institution will be considered for most our Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees with a 2:1 requirement.

Students holding a good Bachelors Honours degree will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a good three-year Bakalár or pre-2002 Magister from a recognised Slovakian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 1.5, B, Vel’mi dobrý ‘very good’, and/or a good Inžinier or a post-2002 Magister from a recognised Slovakian Higher Education institution will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Diploma o pridobljeni univerzitetni izobrazbi (Bachelors degree), Diplomant (Professionally oriented first degree), Univerzitetni diplomant (Academically oriented first degree) or Visoko Obrazovanja (until 1999) from a recognised Slovenian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 8.0 out of 10, and/or a good Diploma specializacija (Postgraduate Diploma) or Magister (Masters) will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor Honours degree (also known as Baccalaureus Honores / Baccalaureus Cum Honoribus) from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most Masters programmes will require a second class upper (70%) or a distinction (75%).

Holders of a Masters degree will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a Bachelor degree from a recognised South Korean institution (usually with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average 3.0/4.0 or 3.2/4.5) will be considered for Masters programmes.

Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 7 out of 10 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 60-74% or a CGPA 3.30/4.0 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Kandidatexamen (Bachelors degree) or Yrkesexamen (Professional Bachelors degree) from a recognised Swedish Higher Education institution with the majority of subjects with a grade of VG (Val godkänd), and/or a good Magisterexamen (Masters degree), International Masters degree or Licentiatexamen (comparable to a UK Mphil), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good "PostGraduate Certificate" or "PostGraduate Diploma" or a Masters degree from a recognised Swiss higher education institution (with a minimum GPA of 5/6 or 8/10 or 2/5 (gut-bien-bene/good) for a 2.1 equivalence) may be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0, 3.5/5 or 75% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bachelor degree (from 75% to 85% depending upon the university in Taiwan) from a recognised institution will be considered for postgraduate Masters study. Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for entry to our postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Masters degree or Mphil from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a Bachelors degree from the following universities may be considered for entry to postgraduate programmes:

• Ateneo de Manila University - Quezon City
• De La Salle University - Manila
• University of Santo Tomas
• University of the Philippines - Diliman

Students from all other institutions with a Bachelors and a Masters degree or relevant work experience may be considered for postgraduate programmes.

Grading Schemes

1-5 where 1 is the highest 2.1 = 1.75 2.2 = 2.25 

Out of 4.0 where 4 is the highest 2.1 = 3.0 2.2 = 2.5

Letter grades and percentages 2.1 = B / 3.00 / 83% 2.2 = C+ / 2.5 / 77%

Holders of a postdoctoral qualification from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.  Students may be considered for PhD study if they have a Masters from one of the above listed universities.

Holders of a Lisans Diplomasi with a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 3.0/4.0 from a recognised university will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a Yuksek Diplomasi from a recognised university will be considered for PhD study.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most Masters programmes will require a second class upper (2.1) or GPA of 3.5/5.0

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree / Диплом бакалавра (Dyplom Bakalavra), Диплом спеціаліста (Specialist Diploma) or a Dyplom Magistra from a recognised Ukrainian higher education institution with a minimum GPA of 4.0/5.0, 3.5/4, 8/12 or 80% or higher for 2:1 equivalence and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

The University will consider students who hold an Honours degree from a recognised institution in the USA with a GPA of:

• 2.8 GPA (on a 4.0 scale) for entry to programmes with a 2:2 requirement 
• 3.2 GPA (on a 4.0 scale) for entry to programmes with a 2:1 requirement 

Please note that some subjects which are studied at postgraduate level in the USA, eg. Medicine and Law, are traditionally studied at undergraduate level in the UK.

Holders of the Magistr Diplomi (Master's degree) or Diplomi (Specialist Diploma), awarded by prestigious universities, who have attained high grades in their studies will be considered for postgraduate study.  Holders of the Fanlari Nomzodi (Candidate of Science), where appropriate, will be considered for PhD study.

Holders of the Licenciatura/Título or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Venezuelan university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Scales of 1-5, 1-10 and 1-20 are used, an overall score of 70% or equivalent can be considered equivalent to a UK 2.1.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Maestria or equivalent qualification

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised Vietnamese institution (usually achieved with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average minimum GPA of 7.0 and above) will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.  Holders of a Masters degree (thac si) will be considered for entry to PhD programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree with a minimum GPA of 3.5/5.0 or a mark of 2.0/2.5 (A) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.   

Students who hold a good Bachelor Honours degree will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. 

International Students

English requirements are IELTS 7.0 with no less than 6.5 in any band or equivalent.

Members of the Department of Finance can offer supervision within the following areas.

Corporate Finance

Capital structure decision making including interactions between corporate investment and dividend/capital structure decisions. Issues relating to capital structure and firm performance and the study of agency costs. The examination of corporate events such as  stock repurchases, corporate restructuring, mergers and acquisitions ,IPOs, delistings and financial distress & bankruptcy. Entrepreneurial finance, debt and equity gaps, venture capital and private equity, financial flexibility in firms and R&D smoothing.

Capital  Markets

Within the field of capital markets we can offer supervision which examines debt maturity, and a wide range of market microstructure topics including those relating to liquidity and liquidity risk, market architecture and the trading environment, as well as microstructure effects associated with the international cross-listing of securities.  The use of derivatives for risk management. Islamic Finance. Institutional investment, portfolio investment, risk and investment volatility

Financial Regulation and Corporate Governance

Corporate governance – including shareholder voting, engagement, stock lending, communication within the board of directors, and board behaviour and performance, executive compensation. Agency conflicts. The use of the interbank market as a regulatory device, Basel III and new rules for global finance,.

Banking and Financial Services

Doctoral researchers in Finance are registered for a full time 3-year PhD or a part-time 6-year PhD. In the first year of the programme doctoral researchers are required to take Econometrics with Financial Applications module from the Department of Economics (30 credit module). They also need to take at least one of the existing MSc Investments and MSc Accounting and Finance courses and one other module to successfully complete 60 credits of study. The MSc module and one other appropriate M or D level module should be chosen in agreement with the doctorial researcher’s supervisor, as appropriate for the their research topic.  Modules available include: Financial Modelling and Forecasting Techniques (20 credits), Empirical Topics in Accounting and Finance (20 credits) and Quantitative Methods in Finance (10 credits). Doctoral researchers are also recommended to take Advanced Training Modules from the MA Social Research Programme or other modules (e.g. Qualitative Methods) as appropriate to their research and training needs.

By the end of their first year doctoral students will have completed an 8,000 word research proposal that they will present and be evaluated on at the first annual review. This forms the basis for supervised research over the remaining two years of the programme and the production of an 80,000 word thesis.

Career prospects

PhD graduates from Birmingham Business School are working in central banks, Government departments, a variety of financial institutions, accountancy firms, supranational organisations and multinational corporations. Many of our PhD graduates also go on to forge successful academic careers in other top Universities.

Doctoral Research career assistance

The University of Birmingham has invested heavily in careers and employability support. The Careers Team have been praised for enhanced developments within their team and for adopting a model of integrated employability and internship support; something that has been rolled out and implemented across all Schools and Colleges at the University.

Doctoral researchers at Birmingham Business School benefit from its own well qualified dedicated Careers Team to support students with employment opportunities, work placements, internships and how to succeed at interview. In addition, a range of career management, personal development and employer events are run each year by the Careers in Business Team to help you make the most of the opportunities available.

The University also has dedicated careers advisors for international students  who run workshops and networking opportunities with potential employers. These are especially popular with international postgraduate researchers.

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Postgraduate research project

Phd scholarships in banking and finance, about the project.

Southampton Business School has an ambitious quality-driven strategy of growth and our research is recognised throughout the global academic community. 

We are seeking talented and motivated individuals with expertise in Big Data Modelling to develop new approaches to identifying patterns in Big Data.

We welcome applications that will develop an interdisciplinary approach to addressing real-world challenges. For example, enhancing organisational sustainability might require a combination of leadership, finance, governance, accounting, and strategy. 

You are invited to propose transformative research that challenges conventional disciplinary boundaries to help solve real-world problems. This will contribute to addressing the evolving challenges of business. 

You will have a creative and a collaborative spirit and create positive outcomes by bridging practice and intersectionality of disciplines. This will help prepare leaders and members of organisations for the future of work, business and entrepreneurship.

Potential supervisors

You are also advised to contact prospective supervisors with aligned research interests in advance. 

Lead supervisor

Professor Tapas Mishra

Research interests.

• Long memory; Green finance and corporate culture; Mergers and Acquisition, Stochastic economic growth; Macroprudential policy and stress testing; Environmental and demographic volatility; Cryptocurrency modelling; Climate finance, Small Business Economics, and Innovation-diffusion modelling.
• Demography-growth-environmental interdependence
• Spatio-temporal models

Entry requirements

A UK Masters with Merit or its international equivalent in one of the following:

• Financial Mathematics
• Quantitative Finance

If English isn't your first language, you'll need an International English Language Testing System (IELTS) minimum score of 7.0, with all component scores of 6.5 or above (Band G) or an equivalent qualification .

Fees and funding

For UK and international students, tuition fees will be paid and you'll receive a stipend (living allowance) of £19,237 tax-free per year for up to 3 years.

You need to:

• choose programme type (Research), 2024/25, Faculty of Social Sciences
• choose PhD in Business Studies and Management (Full time)
• add your supervisor, if known, in section 2
• specify in the Funding section you wish to be considered for one of these Scholarships

Applications should include:

• a research proposal ( Guidance on how to develop a proposal )
• your CV (resumé)
• 2 reference letters
• degree transcripts to date

If you have any general queries, please contact the PhD Director Dr David Baxter:

• Email: [email protected]
• Telephone: +44 (0) 23 8059 7273

For any subject-specific queries, please contact Professor Tapas Mishra:

• Email: [email protected]
• Course modules
• Acoustical engineering
• Biomedical and medical engineering
• Civil engineering
• Every day I’m completely immersed in an environment that’s creative in all aspects
• Everything I learn feels so relevant, even If it’s a subject rooted in the past
• Maritime engineering
• Photonics and optoelectronics
• Social statistics and demography
• A missing link between continental shelves and the deep sea: Have we underestimated the importance of land-detached canyons?
• A seismic study of the continent-ocean transition southwest of the UK
• A study of rolling contact fatigue in electric vehicles (EVs)
• Acoustic monitoring of forest exploitation to establish community perspectives of sustainable hunting
• Acoustic sensing and characterisation of soil organic matter
• Advancing intersectional geographies of diaspora-led development in times of multiple crises
• Aero engine fan wake turbulence – Simulation and wind tunnel experiments
• Against Climate Change (DACC): improving the estimates of forest fire smoke emissions
• All-in-one Mars in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) system and life-supporting using non-thermal plasma
• An electromagnetic study of the continent-ocean transition southwest of the UK
• An investigation of the relationship between health, home and law in the context of poor and precarious housing, and complex and advanced illness
• Antibiotic resistance genes in chalk streams
• Being autistic in care: Understanding differences in care experiences including breakdowns in placements for autistic and non-autistic children
• Biogeochemical cycling in the critical coastal zone: Developing novel methods to make reliable measurements of geochemical fluxes in permeable sediments
• Bloom and bust: seasonal cycles of phytoplankton and carbon flux
• British Black Lives Matter: The emergence of a modern civil rights movement
• Building physics for low carbon comfort using artificial intelligence
• Building-resolved large-eddy simulations of wind and dispersion over a city scale urban area
• Business studies and management: accounting
• Business studies and management: banking and finance
• Business studies and management: decision analytics and risk
• Business studies and management: digital and data driven marketing
• Business studies and management: human resources (HR) management and organisational behaviour
• Business studies and management: strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship
• Carbon storage in reactive rock systems: determining the coupling of geo-chemo-mechanical processes in reactive transport
• Cascading hazards from the largest volcanic eruption in over a century: What happened when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai erupted in January 2022?
• Characterisation of cast austenitic stainless steels using ultrasonic backscatter and artificial intelligence
• Climate Change effects on the developmental physiology of the small-spotted catshark
• Climate at the time of the Human settlement of the Eastern Pacific
• Collaborative privacy in data marketplaces
• Compatibility of climate and biodiversity targets under future land use change
• Cost of living in modern and fossil animals
• Creative clusters in rural, coastal and post-industrial towns
• Deep oceanic convection: the outsized role of small-scale processes
• Defect categories and their realisation in supersymmetric gauge theory
• Defining the Marine Fisheries-Energy-Environment Nexus: Learning from shocks to enhance natural resource resilience
• Design and fabrication of next generation optical fibres
• Developing a practical application of unmanned aerial vehicle technologies for conservation research and monitoring of endangered wildlife
• Development and evolution of animal biomineral skeletons
• Development of all-in-one in-situ resource utilisation system for crewed Mars exploration missions
• Ecological role of offshore artificial structures
• Effect of embankment and subgrade weathering on railway track performance
• Efficient ‘whole-life’ anchoring systems for offshore floating renewables
• Electrochemical sensing of the sea surface microlayer
• Engagement with nature among children from minority ethnic backgrounds
• Enhancing UAV manoeuvres and control using distributed sensor arrays
• Ensuring the Safety and Security of Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems
• Environmental and genetic determinants of Brassica crop damage by the agricultural pest Diamondback moth
• Estimating marine mammal abundance and distribution from passive acoustic and biotelemetry data
• Evolution of symbiosis in a warmer world
• Examining evolutionary loss of calcification in coccolithophores
• Explainable AI (XAI) for health
• Explaining process, pattern and dynamics of marine predator hotspots in the Southern Ocean
• Exploring dynamics of natural capital in coastal barrier systems
• Exploring the mechanisms of microplastics incorporation and their influence on the functioning of coral holobionts
• Exploring the potential electrical activity of gut for healthcare and wellbeing
• Exploring the trans-local nature of cultural scene
• Facilitating forest restoration sustainability of tropical swidden agriculture
• Faulting, fluids and geohazards within subduction zone forearcs
• Faulting, magmatism and fluid flow during volcanic rifting in East Africa
• Fingerprinting environmental releases from nuclear facilities
• Flexible hybrid thermoelectric materials for wearable energy harvesting
• Floating hydrokinetic power converter
• Glacial sedimentology associated subglacial hydrology
• Green and sustainable Internet of Things
• How do antimicrobial peptides alter T cell cytokine production?
• How do calcifying marine organisms grow? Determining the role of non-classical precipitation processes in biogenic marine calcite formation
• How do neutrophils alter T cell metabolism?
• How well can we predict future changes in biodiversity using machine learning?
• Hydrant dynamics for acoustic leak detection in water pipes
• If ‘Black Lives Matter’, do ‘Asian Lives Matter’ too? Impact trajectories of organisation activism on wellbeing of ethnic minority communities
• Illuminating luciferin bioluminescence in dinoflagellates
• Imaging quantum materials with an XFEL
• Impact of neuromodulating drugs on gut microbiome homeostasis
• Impact of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment in a changing world
• Impacts of environmental change on coastal habitat restoration
• Improving subsea navigation using environment observations for long term autonomy
• Information theoretic methods for sensor management
• Installation effect on the noise of small high speed fans
• Integrated earth observation mapping change land sea
• Interconnections of past greenhouse climates
• Investigating IgG cell depletion mechanisms
• Is ocean mixing upside down? How mixing processes drive upwelling in a deep-ocean basin
• Landing gear aerodynamics and aeroacoustics
• Lightweight gas storage: real-world strategies for the hydrogen economy
• Long-term change in the benthos – creating robust data from varying camera systems
• Machine learning for multi-robot perception
• Marine ecosystem responses to past climate change and its oceanographic impacts
• Mechanical effects in the surf zone - in situ electrochemical sensing
• Microfluidic cell isolation systems for sepsis
• Migrant entrepreneurship, gender and generation: context and family dynamics in small town Britain
• Miniaturisation in fishes: evolutionary and ecological perspectives
• Modelling high-power fibre laser and amplifier stability
• Modelling soil dewatering and recharge for cost-effective and climate resilient infrastructure
• Modelling the evolution of adaptive responses to climate change across spatial landscapes
• Nanomaterials sensors for biomedicine and/or the environment
• New high-resolution observations of ocean surface current and winds from innovative airborne and satellite measurements
• New perspectives on ocean photosynthesis
• Novel methods of detecting carbon cycling pathways in lakes and their impact on ecosystem change
• Novel technologies for cyber-physical security
• Novel transparent conducting films with unusual optoelectronic properties
• Novel wavelength fibre lasers for industrial applications
• Ocean circulation and the Southern Ocean carbon sink
• Ocean influence on recent climate extremes
• Ocean methane sensing using novel surface plasmon resonance technology
• Ocean physics and ecology: can robots disentangle the mix?
• Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Assessing the utility of coastal enhanced weathering
• Offshore renewable energy (ORE) foundations on rock seabeds: advancing design through analogue testing and modelling
• Optical fibre sensing for acoustic leak detection in buried pipelines
• Optimal energy transfer in nonlinear systems
• Optimizing machine learning for embedded systems
• Oxidation of fossil organic matter as a source of atmospheric CO2
• Partnership dissolution and re-formation in later life among individuals from minority ethnic communities in the UK
• Personalized multimodal human-robot interactions
• Preventing disease by enhancing the cleaning power of domestic water taps using sound
• Quantifying riparian vegetation dynamics and flow interactions for Nature Based Solutions using novel environmental sensing techniques
• Quantifying the response and sensitivity of tropical forest carbon sinks to various drivers
• Quantifying variability in phytoplankton electron requirements for carbon fixation
• Resilient and sustainable steel-framed building structures
• Resolving Antarctic meltwater events in Southern Ocean marine sediments and exploring their significance using climate models
• Robust acoustic leak detection in water pipes using contact sound guides
• Silicon synapses for artificial intelligence hardware
• Smart photon delivery via reconfigurable optical fibres
• The Gulf Stream control of the North Atlantic carbon sink
• The Mayflower Studentship: a prestigious fully funded PhD studentship in bioscience
• The calming effect of group living in social fishes
• The duration of ridge flank hydrothermal exchange and its role in global biogeochemical cycles
• The evolution of symmetry in echinoderms
• The impact of early life stress on neuronal enhancer function
• The oceanic fingerprints on changing monsoons over South and Southeast Asia
• The role of iron in nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in changing polar oceans
• The role of singlet oxygen signaling in plant responses to heat and drought stress
• Time variability on turbulent mixing of heat around melting ice in the West Antarctic
• Triggers and Feedbacks of Climate Tipping Points
• Uncovering the drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression using patient derived organoids
• Understanding recent land-use change in Snowdonia to plan a sustainable future for uplands: integrating palaeoecology and conservation practice
• Understanding the role of cell motility in resource acquisition by marine phytoplankton
• Understanding the structure and engagement of personal networks that support older people with complex care needs in marginalised communities and their ability to adapt to increasingly ‘digitalised’ health and social care
• Unpicking the Anthropocene in the Hawaiian Archipelago
• Unraveling oceanic multi-element cycles using single cell ionomics
• Unravelling southwest Indian Ocean biological productivity and physics: a machine learning approach
• Using acoustics to monitor how small cracks develop into bursts in pipelines
• Using machine learning to improve predictions of ocean carbon storage by marine life
• Vulnerability of low-lying coastal transportation networks to natural hazards
• Wideband fibre optical parametric amplifiers for Space Division Multiplexing technology
• Will it stick? Exploring the role of turbulence and biological glues on ocean carbon storage
• X-ray imaging and property characterisation of porous materials
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New scholarships at Cambridge Judge thanks to very generous alumnus donation

The donation pledge of £750,000 over 5 years from Dimitris Tsikopoulos (MBA 1994), CEO of Greece-based maritime technology firm Navarino, funds the Navarino CJBS Masters Studentships for outstanding candidates to attend Cambridge Judge Business School.

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The Finance PhD…

The Finance PhD pathway

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• External PhD scholars
• The Business Doctorate

The Finance group at Cambridge Judge Business School covers a broad spectrum of issues in finance. We define finance as more than a set of financial transactions – it is the glue that holds together corporations, capital markets and the real economy. 

We pursue research on empirical and theoretical corporate finance, asset pricing, and financial accounting as well as the intersections of finance and economics. In doing so, we treat finance as both an art and a science.

Professor Raghavendra Rau talks about the Finance pathway.

Hello. My name is Raghu Rau, and I’m the Head of the Finance and Accounting group here at Cambridge Judge Business School. Finance is actually an area which deals with four different groups of people.

We are looking at investors. Investors are people who give money to corporations and to reinvest in investment project and so on. We’re looking at corporations who take money from individuals and use that to invest in different types of projects. We have financial intermediaries, who sit between the corporations and individuals trying to make sure they have the best match between projects which the companies are offering and the individuals who want to invest in these projects. And finally, you have government and regulators who make sure the whole process is fair.

Here at Cambridge Judge Business School, we focus mostly on corporate finance. So in particular, we look at empirical corporate finance. What that means is most of our research uses actual data from companies. We look at why companies use particular types of financial policy.

We look at why individuals make certain types of decisions, whether they do this rationally, whether they’re driven by behavioural biases, and so on. We look at what conflicts of interest might make financial intermediaries advocate one type of action rather than another, for example, why they might ask firms to issue equity in place of debt and other factors like that. Overall, our focus is on trying to get actual data, hard data, which tells us exactly– allows us to get at the truth, allows us to figure out what it is that individuals, managers, and financial intermediaries are really thinking when they make financial decisions.

A lot of the data we use comes from deep engagement with companies. So in fact, here at Cambridge Judge Business School, we engage a lot with individuals who are at high level positions at firms. And because we are the University of Cambridge, we have been able to get access to a lot of unique data sets, which are not available typically at most universities across the world. And we use these to answer these types of questions.

What type of student are we looking for? Basically, someone who is interested in finding out the truth. The problem with industry is that you cannot really spend much time digging into to issues and figure out what is really going on.

We don’t just have the time. You need to talk to your clients. You need to talk to your company. These are short-frame, short-term projects, which typically last more than less than about three to six months.

Three to six months is a very, very short time for an academic. If you’re interested in truly figuring out how things work, you really have to go in-depth into these matters. And that might take a year, maybe two years. At the end of the day, we’re looking for someone who is at heart interested in the truth, someone who is, well, for better words, an academic.

View video with transcript

The pathway

To start on the Finance pathway you must take one of the following 9-month masters programmes:

Master of Research (MRes) (for students with a Cambridge MPhil in Economic Research)

Essential reading

Download detailed information about the 9-month + 4-year programme structure and content.

• Research areas What we expect from you What you can expect from us PhD supervisors
• What we expect from you Research areas What you can expect from us PhD supervisors
• What you can expect from us Research areas What we expect from you PhD supervisors
• PhD supervisors Research areas What we expect from you What you can expect from us

Research areas

Our faculty research is based around empirical and theoretical corporate finance, asset pricing, and financial accounting as well as the intersections of finance and economics. You will have the opportunity to conduct cutting-edge research on the multi-faceted linkages between investors, intermediaries and corporations. While the questions are academic in nature, we strive for solutions that can inform the practice of finance, and we incorporate this spirit into our teaching and other classroom interactions. 

Application of econometric methods and theoretical tools from contract theory and financial economics

• Provides the methodical rigour to infer causal statements about the way the world works.
• Allows us to shed light on questions that we, and businesses in the real world, deemed to be interesting and important at this time.
• Leads to key new understandings, eg the importance of the role of financial intermediation for growth and welfare.

Analysing the ‘black box’ that is financial institutions

• Work on topics and papers related to the study of commercial banks, investment banks, universal banks, mutual funds, hedge funds and other providers of financial services.
• Market failures and inefficiencies as a result of what happens within firms, not just between financial institutions and those seeking their services.
• Analysis of how firms work – how are compensation contracts written, and why do companies pay bribes to politicians?
• Analysis of investors that invest in firms through a set of financial intermediaries. How do these investors understand risk? Can managers and intermediaries consistently fool them into paying too much for securities or assets?

We pay close attention to human decision-making and behavioural anomalies, both of which also apply to the broader context of capital markets and financial accounting.  

What we expect from you

You will need to have earned a first class undergraduate degree or equivalent. In some cases you will need to have a graduate degree from a highly regarded university in financial, mathematical or business economics, and to have performed within the top 5% in your class.

You will also be able to demonstrate a high level of commitment to an academic career in a business school, to this end your academic preparation is key. Finance research is quantitative in nature and your background will reflect quantitative and methodological rigour. 

For more details, please see the academic requirements for the:

What you can expect from us

• You will be considered a junior colleague rather than a student from the outset of the programme. 
• Work with faculty on joint research projects for publication in leading academic journals.  
• Learn from a series of courses focused on research methodology and the foundations of the discipline. 
• Attend seminars given by the top researchers in the field. 
• Benefit from close interactions both within the Finance subject group and beyond including external researchers, meetings with speakers and research visits to some of the finest finance departments outside Cambridge. 
• You will be fully funded during your years on the programme. 
• Access researchers across the University of Cambridge, studying a huge variety of topics at a world-class level. 
• Take advantage of the specialised interdisciplinary centres established by the Finance group, and access unique data found nowhere else in the world. 

PhD supervisors

Your principal supervisor will be a senior academic, often Professor or Associate Professor, from within the Finance group. You will benefit from their guidance and counsel throughout the programme, and beyond: in helping you to succeed in the job market and in gaining a faculty position at a leading business school. Your principal supervisor will take an active role in your research programme and will assemble a group of faculty (your advisory committee) who will co-author papers with you. 

Take a look at the faculty who may serve as your principal supervisor and view their research interests:

David Chambers

Invesco professor of finance, read more about david.

Research interests

David Chambers researches investment management; financial history; endowment asset management; IPOs; law and finance.

View David's profile

Elroy Dimson

Professor of finance, not available as principal supervisor, read more about elroy.

Elroy Dimson researches investment management; financial market history; endowment asset management; sustainable and responsible investing.

View Elroy's profile

Oğuzhan Karakaş

Associate professor in finance, read more about oğuzhan.

Oguzhan Karakas researches corporate governance; ownership and control; corporate social responsibility; private equity; dynamic investment strategies.

View Oğuzhan's profile

Andrei Kirilenko

Read more about andrei.

Andrei Kirilenko researches the intersection of finance, technology and regulation; fintech; asset pricing, data, and digital technologies; the design of automated financial markets and instruments.

View Andrei's profile

Bart Lambrecht

Read more about bart.

Bart Lambrecht researches various aspects of corporate finance such as real options and investment under uncertainty; mergers and acquisitions; payout policy; managerial agency and the role of asymmetric information; bankruptcy; and the financing of firms; housing and household finance; bank lending and bank capital structure.

View Bart's profile

Bang Dang Nguyen

Read more about bang.

Bang Dang Nguyen researches corporate finance; empirical finance; corporate governance.

View Bang's profile

Raghavendra Rau

Sir evelyn de rothschild professor of finance, read more about raghavendra.

Raghu Rau researches empirical corporate finance; empirical behavioural finance.

View Raghavendra's profile

Pedro Saffi

Professor of financial economics, not available to take incoming phd students in october 2025, read more about pedro.

Pedro Saffi researches security lending markets; short selling; liquidity risk; and how differences of beliefs affect trading volume.

View Pedro's profile

Lucio Sarno

Read more about lucio.

Lucio Sarno researches empirical asset pricing; international finance, and especially foreign exchange markets; macro-finance; microstructure of financial markets.

View Lucio's profile

Finance faculty

Learn more about the faculty that teach on this pathway.

Learn more about the Finance subject group

Learn more about the application process and deadlines

Explore fees and funding options

Contact the admissions team

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Finance PhD

Key information.

• 1st  in the UK for annual research income in  2019-2022   (Chartered Association of Business Schools)
• 8th  in the UK for Economics and Finance (Research.com Best Universities by Discipline 2023)
• 8th  in the UK for citations in Business and Economics   (The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2023)

Find solutions to the practical problems that market practitioners and policy-makers face.

You’ll work with researches who have strong academic backgrounds. Some also have significant industry experience, having held various roles in top-tier investment banks, hedge funds and relevant industries. Our research is mainly conducted within two research groups: 

• Our crossdisciplinary  Business Finance Research Group  focuses on corporate finance and governance in both public and private companies, as well the roles of private equity firms, banks and other financial intermediaries. The group publishes on areas such as financial misconduct, banking regulation, entrepreneurial finance and the impact of global crises on corporate finance. 
• Our Quantitative FinTech (QFin) research group includes experts in quantitative finance, FinTech and climate finance. The group collaborates with business and industry on numerous research initiatives with direct relevance to important problems in global financial markets. 

Both groups hold regular research seminars with internal and external speakers.

Find out more about research at the University of Sussex Business School

We expect successful applicants to be admitted to the Integrated PhD. This provides the rigorous research training you need to become a skilled practitioner. If you’re unsure which route to apply for, please apply for the Integrated PhD .

Accreditation

You’ll join the EQUIS and AMBA-accredited University of Sussex Business School. Learn more about all of our course accreditations here. Find out more

We understand that deciding where and what to study is a very important decision. We’ll make all reasonable efforts to provide you with the courses, services and facilities described in this prospectus. However, if we need to make material changes, for example due to government or regulatory requirements, or unanticipated staff changes, we’ll let you know as soon as possible.

Masters and P h D events

Meet us on campus or online

Book your place

Entry requirements

• UK requirements
• International requirements

Please select your country from the list.

Philippines

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Switzerland

United Arab Emirates

My country is not listed

If your country is not listed, you need to contact us and find out the qualification level you should have for this course. Contact us

English language requirements

Ielts (academic).

High level (6.5 overall, including at least 6.0 in each component).

IELTS scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course.  Find out more about IELTS

We accept IELTS One Skills Retake.

We do not accept IELTS Online.

Check full details of our English Language requirements and find out more about some of the alternative English language qualifications listed below

Alternative English language qualifications

Proficiency tests, cambridge advanced certificate in english (cae).

169 overall, including at least 162 in each skill.

We would normally expect the CAE test to have been taken within two years before the start of your course.

You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Find out more about Cambridge English: Advanced

Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE)

We would normally expect the CPE test to have been taken within two years before the start of your course.

You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Find out more about Cambridge English: Proficiency

LanguageCert Academic SELT

High level (70 overall, including at least 65 in each component).

LanguageCert Academic SELT scores are valid for two years from the test date. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course.  Find out more about LanguageCert Academic SELT

We only accept LanguageCert when taken at SELT Test Centres.

We do not accept the online version.  We also do not accept the non-SELT version.

LanguageCert International ESOL SELT

High level (International ESOL SELT B2 with a minimum of 39 in each component)

LanguageCert International ESOL scores are valid for two years from the test date. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about LanguageCert SELT

We only accept LanguageCert when taken at SELT Test Centres. We do not accept the online version.

Pearson PTE Academic

High level (62 overall, including at least 59 in all four skills)

PTE (Academic) scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about Pearson (PTE Academic)

We do not accept the PTE Academic Online test.

TOEFL (iBT)

High level 88 overall, including at least 20 Listening, 19 in Reading, 21 in Speaking, 23 in Writing.

TOEFL (iBT) scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about TOEFL (iBT)

We do not accept TOEFL (iBT) Home Edition.

The TOEFL Institution Code for the University of Sussex is 9166.

English language qualifications

As/a-level (gce).

Grade C or above in English Language.

Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE)/ AS or A Level: grade C or above in Use of English.

GCE O-level

Grade C or above in English.

Brunei/Cambridge GCE O-level in English: grades 1-6.

Singapore/Cambridge GCE O-level in English: grades 1-6.

GCSE or IGCSE

Grade C or above in English as a First Language (Grade 4 or above in GCSE from 2017).

Grade B or above in English as a Second Language.

Ghana Senior Secondary School Certificate

If awarded before 1993: grades 1-6 in English language.

If awarded between 1993 and 2005: grades A-D in English language.

Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE)

 Level 4, including at least 3 in each component in English Language.

Indian School Certificate (Standard XII)

The Indian School Certificate is accepted at the grades below when awarded by the following examination boards:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) – English Core only: 70%

Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) - English: 70% 

International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB)

English A or English B at grade 5 or above.

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

Grades A - C in English language

Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) 1119/GCE O-level

If taken before the end of 2008: grades 1-6 in English Language.

If taken from 2009 onwards: grade C or above in English Language.

The qualification must be jointly awarded by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES).

West African Senior School Certificate

Grades A1-C6 (1-6) in English language when awarded by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) or the National Examinations Council (NECO).

Country exceptions

Select to see the list of exempt english-speaking countries.

If you are a national of one of the countries below, or if you have recently completed a qualification equivalent to a UK Bachelors degree or higher in one of these countries, you will normally meet our English requirement. Note that qualifications obtained by distance learning or awarded by studying outside these countries cannot be accepted for English language purposes.

You will normally be expected to have completed the qualification within two years before starting your course at Sussex. If the qualification was obtained earlier than this, we would expect you to be able to demonstrate that you have maintained a good level of English, for example by living in an English-speaking country or working in an occupation that required you to use English regularly and to a high level.

Please note that this list is determined by the UK’s Home Office, not by the University of Sussex.

List of exempt countries: 

• Antigua and Barbuda
• New Zealand
• St Kitts and Nevis
• St Vincent and the Grenadines
• The British Overseas Territories
• Trinidad and Tobago
• United Kingdom

** Canada: you must be a national of Canada; other nationals not on this list who have a degree from a Canadian institution will not normally be exempt from needing to provide evidence of English.

English language support

If you don’t meet the English language requirements for your degree, you may be able to take a pre-sessional course

• Visas and immigration

Admissions information for applicants

If your qualifications aren’t listed or you have a question about entry requirements, contact us

• How to apply

If you’d like to join us as a research student, there are two main routes:

• browse funded projects in this subject area
• browse our potential supervisors and propose your own research project.

Find out how to apply for a PhD at Sussex

Full-time and part-time study

Choose to work on your research full time or part time, to fit around your work and personal life. For details about part-time study, contact us at [email protected]

PhD or MPhil?

You can choose to study for a PhD or an MPhil. PhD and MPhil degrees differ in duration and in the extent of your research work.

• For a PhD, your research work makes a substantial original contribution to knowledge or understanding in your chosen field.
• For an MPhil, your work is an independent piece of research but in less depth than for a PhD. You’ll graduate with the degree title Master of Philosophy. You might be able to change to a PhD while you study for an MPhil.

Our supervisors

Dr Mostak Ahamed

Senior Lecturer in Finance

[email protected]

View profile of Mostak Ahamed

Lecturer in Finance

[email protected]

View profile of Xi Chen

Prof Ranko Jelic

Professor of Finance

[email protected]

View profile of Ranko Jelic

Prof Andreas Kaeck

[email protected]

View profile of Andreas Kaeck

Dr Faek Menla Ali

[email protected]

View profile of Faek Menla Ali

Dr Xiaoxiang Zhang

Reader in Finance and Corporate Governan

[email protected]

View profile of Xiaoxiang Zhang

Funding and fees

How can i fund my course, funded projects and scholarships.

Our aim is to ensure that every student who wants to study with us is able to despite financial barriers, so that we continue to attract talented and unique individuals. Don’t miss out on scholarships – check the specific application deadlines for funding opportunities. Note that funded projects aren’t available for all our PhDs.

Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (for least developed countries and fragile states) for full-time doctoral study at a UK university.

Find out more

A number of ESRC-funded standalone PhD and PhD with Masters scholarships across the social sciences.

A maintenance allowance for a Black home PGR student for 4 years starting at £19,237 in 2024-5 and UK PhD fees for 4 years

Applying for USA Federal Student Aid?

If any part of your funding, at any time, is through USA federal Direct Loan funds, you will be registered on a separate version of this degree which does not include the possibility of distance learning which is prohibited under USA federal regulations. Find out more about American Student Loans and Federal Student Aid .

Part-time work

We advertise around 2,500 part-time jobs a year so you can make money and gain work experience. We have a special scheme to employ students on campus, wherever possible.

Find out more about careers and employability

How much does it cost?

Fees for self-funding students.

Home students: Fees are not yet set for entry in the academic year 2025/26. Fees will become available once set by United Kingdom Research and Innovation.

Channel Islands and Isle of Man students: Fees are not yet set for entry in the academic year 2025/26. Fees will become available once set by United Kingdom Research and Innovation.

International students: £22,575 per year for full-time students

Home PhD student fees are set at the level recommended by United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) annually, rising in line with inflation. Overseas fees are subject to an annual increase - see details on our tuition fees page

Additional costs

Note about additional costs.

Please note that all costs are best estimates based on current market values. Activities may be subject to unavoidable change in response to Government advice. We’ll let you know at the earliest opportunity. We review estimates every year and they may vary with inflation. Find out how to budget for student life .

Empirical research costs

On top of your PhD fees and living costs, you may also need to cover some research and training costs, relevant to your research project. These costs will depend on your research topic and training needs, but may include: - travel (to archives, collections or scientific facilities) - a laptop - overseas fieldwork costs (travel and accommodation, and language training) - conference costs (travel, registration fees and accommodation) - laboratory consumables and workshop materials - participant costs - transcription or translation costs - open-access publication costs. If you have a scholarship from one of the UK Research Councils, your scholarship should cover these types of costs. You'll receive details of how to claim this additional funding. If you're self funded, or if your scholarship doesn’t cover these costs, check with the Research and Enterprise Co-ordinator in your School for details of School or Doctoral School funding that may be available.

• Living costs

Find out typical living costs for studying at Sussex

Find out about our terms and conditions

Explore our campus

Experience Sussex life in our virtual tour.

Start your virtual tour

PhD Information Sessions

Visit campus and chat to staff and students. Book your place

Online PhD Sessions

Join a live webchat. Book your place

International

Meet us in your country

Course enquiries

+44 (0)1273 876787

Send us a message

Admissions enquiries

If you haven’t applied yet:

+44 (0)1273 678169 business-researchstudents@​sussex.ac.uk

Find out about the University of Sussex Business School

After you’ve applied:

+44 (0)1273 877773 [email protected]

Find out how to apply

Quick links

• Guide to PhD study
• PhD support
• Academic facilities
• Open Days and events
• Accommodation
• International students
• Student life
• Order a printed prospectus

What do you want to do next?

• Courses Browse our courses by subject area
• Sussex Life Find out about life at Sussex
• Visit Come to a PhD Open Evening
• Apply Find out how to apply

Study Postgraduate

Finance and economics (mres/phd) (2025 entry).

Course code

6 October 2025

2 + 4 years full-time

Qualification

Warwick Business School

University of Warwick

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Virtual tour

Find out more about our Finance and Economics MRes/PhD degree at Warwick

Make your mark on the financial world through impactful research with our Finance and Economics MRes/PhD at the University of Warwick. Study at the internationally renowned Warwick Business School, where you will have the opportunity to research key financial factors affecting businesses.

* Please note that, for Visa purposes, this is considered a Taught course which means that students requiring Student Visa sponsorship will not be able to bring dependants to the UK unless they are government sponsored.

Course overview.

Please note applications for this course are now closed for 2024 entry.

Our fully-funded MRes/PhD Finance and Economics programme combines highly relevant and structured training with close mentorship from a team of supervisors to embed you in our culture of curiosity and help you in developing and deepening your chosen area of research. We value our doctoral researchers and aim to attract students from across the globe who are independent thinkers, restless to learn more and challenge themselves. We particularly welcome applicants whose ambition is a career in academia.

Jointly run with the Department of Economics, we aim to establish our MRes programme as one of the leading programmes in Europe, supporting you to pursue a future career in top academic positions, international organisations and central banks. This programme will provide you with a thorough understanding of state-of-the-art research techniques and in-depth appreciation of principal areas of interest for researchers in finance and economics.

Teaching and learning

You will study four compulsory modules in Year One, and five compulsory modules plus a dissertation in Year Two. You will then continue on to our PhD Finance programme, and complete your doctoral thesis. The overall course structure is 2+4 years (MRes/PhD).

Our excellent library and superb teaching and learning facilities provide the perfect place for you to commit to your studies, and enable you to expand and deepen your knowledge in your chosen area of research.

Reading lists

If you would like to view reading lists for current or previous cohorts of students, most departments have reading lists available through Warwick Library on the Talis Aspire platform.

You can search for reading lists by module title, code or convenor. Please see the modules tab of this page or the module catalogue.

Please note that some reading lists may have restricted access or be unavailable at certain times of year due to not yet being published. If you cannot access the reading list for a particular module, please check again later or contact the module’s host department.

General entry requirements

Minimum requirements.

Competition to join our Doctoral programme is very strong; you will need to demonstrate you have the intellectual capabilities, stamina, drive and commitment to complete a ground-breaking piece of work through independent study.

Academic requirements for our MRes/PhD Finance and Economics programme

• An honours degree from a UK university or equivalent from an overseas university; plus a Masters degree, in economics or Finance (with a significant quantitative finance component). Accounting or Financial Mathematics may be considered with a significant finance component. A first-class degree and a distinction at Masters level is recommended but serves as a guideline only
• A GMAT or GRE score is required and should be provided as part of your application. However, we have no defined threshold and the score provided will be indicative to merely supplement and strengthen applications
• You should have strong academic references and excellent potential for research.

English language requirements

You can find out more about our English language requirements Link opens in a new window . This course requires the following:

If English is not your first language, you must meet a minimum overall standard in a recognised test of English. You must show a good balance across all sections of the test and it must have been taken within two years of starting the course. We will require your certificates as evidence.

• IELTS - overall score of 7.0, minimum component scores of two at 6.0/6.5 and the rest at 7.0 or above
• PTE academic - 70 with 51+ in every section
• CPE – grade C (CEFR level C2) or above
• CAE - Grade C scoring 60+, no worse than 3 component results at borderline and 1 at weak.

International qualifications

We welcome applications from students with other internationally recognised qualifications.

For more information, please visit the international entry requirements page Link opens in a new window .

Additional requirements

There are no additional entry requirements for this course.

Our research

Our vision is to develop cutting-edge research that leads debate and deepens our understanding on the practice of finance and economics. Research is undertaken in partnership with policy and practice, to ensure both relevance and practical application. Our desire to respond and contribute to varied societal issues, provides a vibrant and creative environment for research to flourish.

Our research strengths include:

• Asset Pricing
• Behavioural Finance
• Corporate Finance
• Corporate Governance
• Financial Econometrics
• Investments
• Mergers and Acquisitions
• Risk Management.

Find a supervisor

During the second year of the MRes, you will be allocated a supervisor. A second supervisor will be allocated if you are admitted into the PhD, at the end of the MRes. The two supervisors will have appropriate research expertise and interests.

Please do not contact potential supervisors when completing your application, as we do not recruit PhD students in this way.

Research proposals

Initial applications to the Business School PhD programmes do not require submission of a research proposal.

Tuition fees

Our MRes/PhD Finance and Economics programme is fully funded. All students accepted onto the programme will have their full fees paid and will receive an annual stipend of approximately £21,000 per annum throughout their course, subject to satisfactory progress.

Students do not need to apply separately for this funding. It will be included as part of the offer onto the programme.

Fee Status Guidance

We carry out an initial fee status assessment based on the information you provide in your application. Students will be classified as Home or Overseas fee status. Your fee status determines tuition fees, and what financial support and scholarships may be available. If you receive an offer, your fee status will be clearly stated alongside the tuition fee information.

Do you need your fee classification to be reviewed?

If you believe that your fee status has been classified incorrectly, you can complete a fee status assessment questionnaire. Please follow the instructions in your offer information and provide the documents needed to reassess your status.

Find out more about how universities assess fee status

Additional course costs

As well as tuition fees and living expenses, some courses may require you to cover the cost of field trips or costs associated with travel abroad. Information about department specific costs should be considered in conjunction with the more general costs below, such as:

As well as tuition fees and living expenses, some courses may require you to cover the cost of field trips or costs associated with travel abroad.

For departmental specific costs, please see the Modules tab on the course web page for the list of core and optional core modules with hyperlinks to our  Module Catalogue  (please visit the Department’s website if the Module Catalogue hyperlinks are not provided).

Associated costs can be found on the Study tab for each module listed in the Module Catalogue (please note most of the module content applies to 2022/23 year of study). Information about module department specific costs should be considered in conjunction with the more general costs below:

• Core text books
• Printer credits
• Dissertation binding
• Robe hire for your degree ceremony

Scholarships and bursaries

Scholarships and financial support.

Find out about the different funding routes available, including; postgraduate loans, scholarships, fee awards and academic department bursaries.

Living costs

Find out more about the cost of living as a postgraduate student at the University of Warwick.

Department specific funding and support

Our MRes/PhD Finance and Economics programme is fully funded. All students accepted onto the programme will have their full fees paid and will receive an annual stipend of approximately £18,000 per annum throughout their course, subject to satisfactory progress.

If you’re interested in the bigger picture, comfortable challenging assumptions and want a degree that will open doors, then WBS is the place for you. We will give you the foundation for change and prepare you for your future career. Are you ready to make your mark in the world of business?

Find out more about us on our website.

The vision of WBS is to be Europe’s leading University-based Business School, developing transformational ideas and people that shape how we do business. We recognise that rankings are one way to profile our progress towards fulfilling this vision, and are proud to participate in the major global business education rankings.

MSc Finance

• 4 th in the UK and 16 th in the world - Financial Times Masters in Finance Pre-experience Ranking 2023
• 6 th in the UK and 19 th in the world - QS Business Masters Rankings 2024

MSc Management

• 2 nd in the UK and 28 th in the world - Financial Times Masters in Management Ranking 2023
• 3 rd in the UK and 18 th in the world - QS Business Masters Rankings 2024

MSc Marketing & Strategy

• 2 nd in the UK and 9 th in the world - QS Business Masters Rankings 2024

MSc Business Analytics

• 2 nd in the UK and 14 th in the world - QS Business Masters Rankings 2024
• 2 nd in the UK and 3 rd in the world - Financial Times Online MBA Ranking 2024
• 3 rd in the UK and 20 th in the world - Financial Times Executive MBA Ranking 2023

Our Postgraduate Taught courses

Msc courses.

• Accounting and Finance (MSc)
• Business Analytics (MSc)
• Business & Finance (MSc)
• Business with Marketing (MSc)
• Business with Operations Management (MSc)
• Finance (MSc)
• Finance & Economics (MSc)
• Global Central Banking and Financial Regulation (MSc)
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MRes/PhD Finance

• Graduate research
• Department of Finance
• Application code N4ZC
• Starting 2024
• Home full-time: Closed
• Overseas full-time: Closed
• Location: Houghton Street, London

This programme offers the chance to undertake a substantial piece of work that is worthy of publication and which makes an original contribution to the field of finance. You will begin on the MRes, and will need to meet certain requirements to progress to the PhD.

Our programme is unique in its integration of finance and economics. During the first year, you will take microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics courses alongside PhD students in Economics. However, in the second year you will differentiate by taking advanced courses in asset pricing and corporate finance. You will leave with a broad understanding of finance and its relations to other fields in economics.

As one of the largest finance departments in the world, we are able to offer opportunities for research in virtually any field in finance. We have strengths in theory and empirics, asset pricing and corporate finance, as well as financial econometrics, behavioural finance, macro-finance, and microeconomic analysis of financial markets and institutions.

You are expected to participate in the regular departmental seminars (weekly), as well as occasional workshops and conferences given by internationally renowned speakers. This is viewed as an important part of the learning process on the MRes/PhD in Finance.

Programme details

For more information about tuition fees and entry requirements, see the fees and funding and assessing your application sections.

Entry requirements

Minimum entry requirements for mres/phd finance.

Merit in a taught master's degree in finance, economics or another subject with a strong quantitative component.

Competition for places at the School is high. This means that even if you meet our minimum entry requirement, this does not guarantee you an offer of admission. 

If you have studied or are studying outside of the UK then have a look at our  Information for International Students  to find out the entry requirements that apply to you.

GRE/GMAT requirement

GRE or GMAT is required from all applicants (GRE is preferred)

Find out more about GRE/GMAT

Assessing your application

We welcome applications for research programmes that complement the academic interests of members of staff at the School, and we recommend that you investigate  staff research interests  before applying. However, please do not get in touch with faculty at this stage, 

We carefully consider each application on an individual basis, taking into account all the information presented on your application form, including your:

• academic achievement (including existing and pending qualifications)
• statement of academic purpose 
• outline research proposal
• sample of written work.

See further information on supporting documents

You may also have to provide evidence of your English proficiency. You do not need to provide this at the time of your application to LSE, but we recommend that you do.  See our English language requirements .

When to apply

The application deadline for this programme is 25 April 2024 . However, to be considered for any LSE funding opportunity, you must have submitted your application and all supporting documents by the funding deadline. See the fees and funding section for more details.

Statement of Academic Purpose

Your Statement of Academic Purpose should clearly explain the below:

• Why you want to do research in finance
• How your studies and experience make you suitable to do research in finance

Research interests

Your Research Interests should be submitted in place of the Outline Research Proposal, along with your application form and other required supporting documents, via the LSE online application system.

• Which aspect of the PhD do you think you will like the most? Which will you dislike the most? Why? (max. 200 words)
• Tell us about your favourite paper in financial economics. What do you like about it? How would you improve it? (max. 400 words)
• Write a comment for a general audience on a topic/question that interests you in finance: (max. 400 words).
• Is CEO compensation excessive?
• Markets function well as information is aggregated efficiently through prices.
• What are the benefits of shareholder activism?

Fees and funding

Fees and funding.

Every research student is charged a fee in line with the fee structure for their programme.  The fee covers registration and examination fees payable to the School, lectures, classes and individual supervision, lectures given at other colleges under intercollegiate arrangements and, under current arrangements, membership of the Students' Union. It does not cover living costs or travel or fieldwork.

Tuition fees 2024/25 for MRes/PhD in Finance

Home students: £4,786 for the first year Overseas students: £22,632 for the first year

The fee is likely to rise over subsequent years of the programme. The School charges home research students in line with the level of fee that the Research Councils recommend. The fees for overseas students are likely to rise in line with the assumed percentage increase in pay costs (ie, 4 per cent per annum).

The Table of Fees shows the latest tuition amounts for all programmes offered by the School.

The amount of tuition fees you will need to pay, and any financial support you are eligible for, will depend on whether you are classified as a home or overseas student, otherwise known as your fee status. LSE assesses your fee status based on guidelines provided by the Department of Education.

Further information about fee status classification.

Scholarships and other funding

The School recognises that the  cost of living in London  may be higher than in your home town or country, and we provide generous scholarships each year to home and overseas students.

This programme is eligible for  LSE PhD Studentships , and  Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funding . Selection for the PhD Studentships and ESRC funding is based on receipt of an application for a place – including all ancillary documents, before the funding deadline.  

Funding deadline for LSE PhD Studentships and ESRC funding: 15 January 2024 Second funding deadline for LSE PhD Studentships: 25 April 2024

The Finance Department may also offer departmental scholarships.

In addition to our needs-based awards, LSE also makes available scholarships for students from specific regions of the world and awards for students studying specific subject areas.  Find out more about financial support.

External funding 

There may be other funding opportunities available through other organisations or governments and we recommend you investigate these options as well.

Further information

Fees and funding opportunities

Information for international students

LSE is an international community, with over 140 nationalities represented amongst its student body. We celebrate this diversity through everything we do.  

If you are applying to LSE from outside of the UK then take a look at our Information for International students . 

1) Take a note of the UK qualifications we require for your programme of interest (found in the ‘Entry requirements’ section of this page). 

2) Go to the International Students section of our website. 

3) Select your country. 

4) Select ‘Graduate entry requirements’ and scroll until you arrive at the information about your local/national qualification. Compare the stated UK entry requirements listed on this page with the local/national entry requirement listed on your country specific page.

Programme structure and courses

Programme structure and courses.

A PhD in Finance from LSE consists of six coursework units, completed over two years, followed by a thesis which is usually expected to take a further three or four years.

We encourage our research students to participate fully in the intellectual life of the Department, and in the research seminar and workshop programmes of the Department and related research centres such as the Financial Markets Group (FMG). The weekly Capital Markets Workshops provide exposure to the work of leading academics from the UK and overseas. In addition, the FMG hosts a number of conferences each year with leading researchers and practitioners.

Students will normally commence in late August, by attending an introductory course before the start of the academic year.

Introductory Course in Mathematics and Statistics Provides students with the essential mathematical, statistical, economic and econometric background for the core Economics courses of these programmes.

During their first year, students take courses in Advanced Microeconomics, Advanced Macroeconomics and Advanced Financial Econometrics to build their core knowledge in these areas. They will also take two transferable skills courses which are not examined.

There is also the option to attend non-examined research workshops or seminars in finance given by faculty and internationally renowned scholars. Students also attend a PhD seminar in Finance throughout their MRes/PhD studies.

Microeconomics for MRes Students Introduces the basic analytical tools that are necessary to conduct research in any field in economics.

Macroeconomics for MRes Students Covers topics in advanced macroeconomics with emphasis on fundamentals and applications to recent theoretical advances.

Econometrics for MRes students Covers probability, mathematical statistics, and asymptotic theory, and theory and application of regression analysis. Provides a survey of the theory and application of time series methods in econometrics.

Financial Economics This non-examined course provides an in-depth introduction to the theories of asset pricing and corporate finance.

Capital Markets Workshop   

Second year

Students take courses in Corporate Finance and Asset Pricing, in addition to completing a research paper. They are also expected to attend research workshops or seminars in finance given by faculty and internationally renowned scholars.

Corporate Finance for Research Students The first half of this course focuses on the theory of corporate finance. The second half of the course will consider empirical research in corporate finance.  

Asset Pricing for Research Students Covers asset pricing theory, empirical asset pricing, as well as empirical evaluation of asset-pricing models.

Research Paper in Finance A research paper of between 6,000 and 8,000 words, related to your designated major field, to be submitted at the end of August of the second year.

PhD Seminar in Finance A seminar course for PhD students in the early stages of their research to present their work in progress.

Capital Markets Workshop

PhD programme

After meeting the progression requirements, students progress to PhD registration and begin to work on their thesis

For the most up-to-date list of optional courses please visit the relevant   School Calendar page. 

You must note, however, that while care has been taken to ensure that this information is up to date and correct, a change of circumstances since publication may cause the School to change, suspend or withdraw a course or programme of study, or change the fees that apply to it. The School will always notify the affected parties as early as practicably possible and propose any viable and relevant alternative options. Note that the School will neither be liable for information that after publication becomes inaccurate or irrelevant, nor for changing, suspending or withdrawing a course or programme of study due to events outside of its control, which includes but is not limited to a lack of demand for a course or programme of study, industrial action, fire, flood or other environmental or physical damage to premises. 

You must also note that places are limited on some courses and/or subject to specific entry requirements. The School cannot therefore guarantee you a place. Please note that changes to programmes and courses can sometimes occur after you have accepted your offer of a place. These changes are normally made in light of developments in the discipline or path-breaking research, or on the basis of student feedback. Changes can take the form of altered course content, teaching formats or assessment modes. Any such changes are intended to enhance the student learning experience. You should visit the School’s  Calendar , or contact the relevant academic department, for information on the availability and/or content of courses and programmes of study. Certain substantive changes will be listed on the  updated graduate course and programme information  page.

Supervision, progression and assessment

Supervision.

You will be assigned a lead supervisor (and a second supervisor/adviser) who is a specialist in your chosen research field, though not necessarily in your topic. Lead supervisors guide you through your studies.

Progression and assessment

To progress at the end of each year, students must pass their examined courses at grades specified by the Department and make satisfactory progress in their research. Progress is regularly monitored by the Department's Postgraduate Assessment Review Panel.

You will also need to meet certain criteria to progress to PhD registration, such as achieving certain grades in your coursework, and earning a minimum mark on your research paper.

Your final award will be determined by the completion of an original research thesis and a viva oral examination.

More about progression requirements.  

Student support and resources

We’re here to help and support you throughout your time at LSE, whether you need help with your academic studies, support with your welfare and wellbeing or simply to develop on a personal and professional level.

Whatever your query, big or small, there are a range of people you can speak to who will be happy to help.  

Department librarians   – they will be able to help you navigate the library and maximise its resources during your studies. 

Accommodation service  – they can offer advice on living in halls and offer guidance on private accommodation related queries.

Class teachers and seminar leaders  – they will be able to assist with queries relating to specific courses. 

Disability and Wellbeing Service  – they are experts in long-term health conditions, sensory impairments, mental health and specific learning difficulties. They offer confidential and free services such as  student counselling,  a  peer support scheme  and arranging  exam adjustments.  They run groups and workshops.  

IT help  – support is available 24 hours a day to assist with all your technology queries.   

LSE Faith Centre  – this is home to LSE's diverse religious activities and transformational interfaith leadership programmes, as well as a space for worship, prayer and quiet reflection. It includes Islamic prayer rooms and a main space for worship. It is also a space for wellbeing classes on campus and is open to all students and staff from all faiths and none.   

Language Centre  – the Centre specialises in offering language courses targeted to the needs of students and practitioners in the social sciences. We offer pre-course English for Academic Purposes programmes; English language support during your studies; modern language courses in nine languages; proofreading, translation and document authentication; and language learning community activities.

LSE Careers  ­ – with the help of LSE Careers, you can make the most of the opportunities that London has to offer. Whatever your career plans, LSE Careers will work with you, connecting you to opportunities and experiences from internships and volunteering to networking events and employer and alumni insights. 

LSE Library   –   founded in 1896, the British Library of Political and Economic Science is the major international library of the social sciences. It stays open late, has lots of excellent resources and is a great place to study. As an LSE student, you’ll have access to a number of other academic libraries in Greater London and nationwide. 

LSE LIFE  – this is where you should go to develop skills you’ll use as a student and beyond. The centre runs talks and workshops on skills you’ll find useful in the classroom; offers one-to-one sessions with study advisers who can help you with reading, making notes, writing, research and exam revision; and provides drop-in sessions for academic and personal support. (See ‘Teaching and assessment’). 

LSE Students’ Union (LSESU)  – they offer academic, personal and financial advice and funding.  

PhD Academy   – this is available for PhD students, wherever they are, to take part in interdisciplinary events and other professional development activities and access all the services related to their registration. 

Sardinia House Dental Practice   – this   offers discounted private dental services to LSE students.  

St Philips Medical Centre  – based in Pethwick-Lawrence House, the Centre provides NHS Primary Care services to registered patients.

Student Services Centre  – our staff here can answer general queries and can point you in the direction of other LSE services.  

Student advisers   – we have a  Deputy Head of Student Services (Advice and Policy)  and an  Adviser to Women Students  who can help with academic and pastoral matters.

Student life

As a student at LSE you’ll be based at our central London campus. Find out what our campus and London have to offer you on academic, social and career perspective. 

Student societies and activities

Your time at LSE is not just about studying, there are plenty of ways to get involved in  extracurricular activities . From joining one of over 200 societies, or starting your own society, to volunteering for a local charity, or attending a public lecture by a world-leading figure, there is a lot to choose from. 

The campus 

LSE is based on one  campus  in the centre of London. Despite the busy feel of the surrounding area, many of the streets around campus are pedestrianised, meaning the campus feels like a real community. 

Life in London 

London is an exciting, vibrant and colourful city. It's also an academic city, with more than 400,000 university students. Whatever your interests or appetite you will find something to suit your palate and pocket in this truly international capital. Make the most of career opportunities and social activities, theatre, museums, music and more. 

Want to find out more? Read why we think  London is a fantastic student city , find out about  key sights, places and experiences for new Londoners . Don't fear, London doesn't have to be super expensive: hear about  London on a budget . 

The programme is aimed at training students to become an academic. Students who successfully complete the programme often embark on a career in academic institutions, or international organisations such as central banks or the IMF. See a list of past placements.

Further information on graduate destinations for this programme

Support for your career

LSE Careers has a wide range of resources available to assist students in their job search. Find out more about the  support available to students through LSE Careers .

Find out more about LSE

Discover more about being an LSE student - meet us in a city near you, visit our campus or experience LSE from home. 

Experience LSE from home

Webinars, videos, student blogs and student video diaries will help you gain an insight into what it's like to study at LSE for those that aren't able to make it to our campus.  Experience LSE from home . 

Come on a guided campus tour, attend an undergraduate open day, drop into our office or go on a self-guided tour.  Find out about opportunities to visit LSE . 

LSE visits you

Student Marketing, Recruitment and Study Abroad travels throughout the UK and around the world to meet with prospective students. We visit schools, attend education fairs and also hold Destination LSE events: pre-departure events for offer holders.  Find details on LSE's upcoming visits . 

How to apply

Virtual Graduate Open Day

Register your interest

Related programmes, mres/phd economics.

Code(s) L1U4

MSc Finance and Economics

Code(s) LN43

MPhil/PhD Statistics

Code(s) G4ZS

MRes/PhD Accounting (Accounting, Organisations and Institutions)

Code(s) N2ZD (AOI track)

MPhil/PhD Social Research Methods

Code(s) L9ZM

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PhD Finance

• Ask a question
• Get a prospectus

Entry requirements

Fees and funding.

• What's next?

Global financial markets are facing an era of unprecedented upheaval. Just 10 years ago the world was beginning to recover from the financial crash of 2008, but now world markets must recover from a health pandemic that has driven national economies to the brink of collapse. Now more than ever, the finance sector needs decisive leadership and fresh thinking to navigate the crisis and the “new normal” that will emerge in the post-pandemic era.

Our PhD Finance gives you the opportunity to specialise in a wide range of areas such as:

• financial econometrics
• behavioural finance
• corporate finance
• international finance
• portfolio and risk management
• commodity markets
• asset pricing
• financing of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

You study at Essex Business School (EBS) at our Colchester Campus . We are the largest department at the University of Essex and one of the most respected finance groups in the UK. We are a business school with an international outlook and our doctoral students join us from all over the world.

The University of Essex is home to a number of cutting-edge financial research centres and institutes, where academics across disciplines and departments come together to collaborate around a common theme, often engaging with external partners at a national and international level. The Essex Finance Centre (EFiC) works with leading financial services firms and public sector organisations, governments and policy institutions to produce work that makes real-world impact across the globe. The Essex Centre for Macro and Financial Econometrics brings together academic and industry expertise from inside and outside the University of Essex to research and help solve important issues in financial markets.

In addition within Essex Business School our Finance Group is one of the largest groups of finance researchers in the UK. Their research has been cited in the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve and is relevant to real people's lives. Members join the group from all over the world, including Greece, Italy, Spain, China, India and Mauritius and bring with them a wealth of knowledge and expertise.

Professor Neil Kellard , Dean of Essex Business School and member of the Finance Group, carries out research which supports developing countries through forecasting commodity prices. By modelling the effects of different causes, such as natural disasters, his research helps to find solutions to ease the impact of price changes for commodities such as energy and food. Professor Jerry Coakley is an active researcher and teaches as part of the group. His research is extremely topical as he studies the rise in crowdfunding and its impact on the way new and fledgling SMEs finance themselves. Many entrepreneurs may find the big banks turn them away or simply charge too much, leading them to turn to the public to help them crowdfund their way to business success.

Once a year, our doctoral students have the opportunity to present their work at our PhD conference.

You can choose to study on a full-time or part-time basis. You may also be eligible for a PhD scholarship .

If you would like to undertake a doctoral degree in finance but do not have a Masters, you may want to look at our integrated PhD Finance .

• We’re in the top 200 globally for accounting and finance in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024.
• Our Finance Group is one of the largest groups of finance researchers in the UK
• Our research has been cited in the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve

Our expert staff

At Essex Business School, you benefit from world-class supervision and research training conducted by our senior academic staff such as Professor Claudia Girardone . Claudia is a Professor of Banking and Finance at Essex Business School and is also the Director of the Essex Finance Centre (EFiC) and the School's Director of Research. Professor Girardone has published over 50 articles on various aspects of banking and finance in books and peer-reviewed international journals and is currently on the editorial board of several journals. Her research focuses on banking sector performance and stability, bank corporate governance, the industrial structure of banking and access to finance.

Our department boasts eight research centres across our two campuses. Dr Louise Nash and Director of Postgraduate Research at Essex Business School oversees and leads the provision of our graduate research programmes and ensures that we create an environment where our doctoral students can flourish as researchers in a thriving and mutually supportive PhD community.

Louise is a lecturer in Management and Marketing and completed her PhD Management at Essex. She has extensive management and marketing experience which has influenced her research interests – these focus on interpretative, qualitative studies of the lived experience of work, including: the spatial and temporal rhythms of everyday life; the culture, aesthetics and symbolism of organisational life; gender in the workplace and exploring and developing sensory and embodied methods for researching organisations.

You work with two supervisors during your studies. They provide guidance and support to help you achieve your individual research goals, develop your research topic and create a personalised training plan. You meet with your supervisors at least once a month and are usually required to submit work before for feedback. Twice a year, you have a supervisory board meeting to discuss your progress and agree your plans for the next six months.

As well as supporting you to complete your thesis, your supervisors can help you to plan your career development. Our academics often co-author publications with doctoral students and can help you to develop the transferable skills needed for the jobs market.

Take a look at our staff pages to find out more about our areas of supervision.

Specialist facilities

PhD Finance is based at our Colchester Campus , in the UK's first zero-carbon business school building, reflecting our commitment to sustainability and business ethics; we are a signatory of the UN Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME).

You have access to excellent research facilities , such as:

• a Bloomberg virtual trading floor
• access to databases such as Bloomberg, Compustat, Passport GMID, Bankscope and Datastream
• e-book finance and business packages to support part-time and distance learning (including Ebrary, NetLibrary, Oxford Scholarship Online, Palgrave Connect and SpringerLink)
• PC access and a quiet place for conducting research in our PhD study area
• space to meet with students for our Graduate Teaching Assistant (GTA) in our GTA pods
• final year students receive office space to encourage successful thesis completion
• group-working space in our stunning winter garden
• Bonds café with adjacent sun terrace
• study skills support for postgraduate students

Our Bloomberg virtual trading floor facility features 12 Bloomberg Terminals with access to the Bloomberg financial and real-time data feed. This state-of-the-art, hands-on facility is particularly useful to finance students. It gives you the opportunity to learn essential portfolio management skills using the same tools used by traders and business analysts worldwide and also helps you to learn how to model financial data in a practical setting based on the live financial markets.

Our Colchester building is less than a ten- minute walk from the University library and the Silberrad Student Centre.

Across the road from our building, buses take you to Colchester town centre and train station, where you can take trains directly to London. London Stansted airport is just over an hour away, providing connections to mainland Europe.

Your future

Our PhD programmes are designed to foster the business leaders and researchers of the future who use creativity, innovation and ethical awareness to meet the many challenges facing the international business world.

Our doctoral graduates have secured roles in academia at some of the best international universities, as well as organisations in the public and private sectors. Recent examples include careers with:

• Bristol University
• University of Southampton
• University of St Andrews
• Xiamen University
• South China University

Our University Student Development Careers Services are on hand to provide careers advice and help you make the most of your Essex experience. You will also have access to CV workshops, one-to-one advice and career resources.

“My PhD has helped me to develop both academic and practical business skills through an internship at asset management company Invesco. The University’s library provides instant access to databases and journals and my supervisors are knowledgeable and supportive. Whenever I’ve had a question, I’ve found the School’s Student Services Team friendly and helpful.” Nima Zarrabi, PhD in Finance

UK entry requirements

International & eu entry requirements.

We accept a wide range of qualifications from applicants studying in the EU and other countries. Get in touch with any questions you may have about the qualifications we accept. Remember to tell us about the qualifications you have already completed or are currently taking.

Sorry, the entry requirements for the country that you have selected are not available here. Please contact our Graduate Admissions team at [email protected]  to request the entry requirements for this country.

English language requirements

Course structure.

A research degree doesn't have a taught structure, giving you the chance to investigate your chosen topic in real depth and reach a profound understanding. In communicating that understanding, through a thesis or other means, you have a rare opportunity to generate knowledge. A research degree allows you to develop new high-level skills, enhance your professional development and build new networks. It can open doors to many careers.

We understand that deciding where and what to study is a very important decision for you. We'll make all reasonable efforts to provide you with the courses, services and facilities as described on our website and in line with your contract with us. However, if we need to make material changes, for example due to significant disruption, we'll let our applicants and students know as soon as possible.

Components are the blocks of study that make up your course. A component may have a set module which you must study, or a number of modules from which you can choose.

Each component has a status and carries a certain number of credits towards your qualification.

The modules that are available for you to choose for each component will depend on several factors, including which modules you have chosen for other components, which modules you have completed in previous years of your course, and which term the module is taught in.

Modules are the individual units of study for your course. Each module has its own set of learning outcomes and assessment criteria and also carries a certain number of credits.

In most cases you will study one module per component, but in some cases you may need to study more than one module. For example, a 30-credit component may comprise of either one 30-credit module, or two 15-credit modules, depending on the options available.

Modules may be taught at different times of the year and by a different department or school to the one your course is primarily based in. You can find this information from the module code . For example, the module code HR100-4-FY means:

COMPONENT 01: COMPULSORY

Research skills are critical to a postgraduate research degree, regardless of the topic you are exploring. This module will reinforce the research methods and skills developed through your previous study and will address philosophical issues underlying management and business research and explain how to select research strategies and designs. It will offer a comprehensive view of methods of data collection and analysis to support the quality and value of research outcomes.

View Essex Business School - Research on our Module Directory

COMPONENT 02: COMPULSORY

This module aims to give first year PhD students an up-to-date and thorough introduction to a range of state-of-the-art methods used in published financial econometrics literature. You’ll also gain an understanding of core methodology and empirical practice of modern financial econometrics, using statistics, mathematical skills, and real-life data.

View Research Methods in Financial Econometrics on our Module Directory

PhD Finance follows a 'three paper' thesis, where you produce three research articles, framed by an introduction and conclusion. Your supervisors will support you to submit these papers to conferences and for publication in international journals, so you can begin to build your international research portfolio well before graduation. You benefit from strong industry links with organisations such as Invesco Perpetual and HSBC. Many of our students have gained internships with international banking institutions and have collaborated with local organisations as part of their PhD.

You begin your studies by meeting with your supervisors and undertaking an intensive induction programme. You attend advanced research methods training and undertake compulsory modules tailored to your individual research needs.

Throughout your PhD, you have regular meetings with your supervisors. You are often asked to write up your ideas or reading notes to help establish good writing practices. By the end of your first year of research, you should have a solid understanding of the key debates in your field and have defined your research questions, outlining your original contribution to knowledge. Our finance students are also expected to have made substantial progress on their first research paper. Those studying via the integrated PhD route (or 1+3) will have completed an additional year to obtain a Masters before beginning their research.

In your second year, you are likely to finalise the design of your own research project and either collect primary data, or access and analyse large scale datasets. You may also make progress on your second research paper. You receive regular feedback on your ideas and findings from your supervisors and are encouraged to develop your own research ideas independently during this year. If you are undertaking fieldwork in another location, your supervisors will still be in touch via email or Skype.

In your final year, you continue to analyse your own research data and further refine your original contribution to knowledge. You will collate your work into a approximately 50-80k words thesis. Our finance students are also expected to make substantial progress on their third research paper.

You may attend a number of conferences in your final year to test out your research findings and thesis on an international stage. Your attendance may be funded by Essex Business School. As well as advising on how to prepare your thesis for examination, your supervisors can advise on future career plans in academia or industry.

Dissertation

Creating a 50-80k word thesis is a significant task. To help you finalise your PhD and produce high quality doctoral research, we have a number of support mechanisms.

You undertake a progress board every six months, where you, your supervisors and an independent chair mark your progress and set objectives for the next period. You are also encouraged to take part in peer group debates and discussions.

Our full-time doctorates are 36 month programmes. At the end of this time, you may be allowed up to 12 months to finish writing up your PhD.

Once you have submitted your thesis, you will be asked to attend a viva voce examination with examiners from within and outside of the University. A viva voce examination usually takes place within three months of submission of thesis.

Home/UK fee

£4,786 per year

International fee

£18,750 per year

Fees will increase for each academic year of study.

Masters fees and funding information

Research (e.g. PhD) fees and funding information

What's next

We hold Open Days for all our applicants throughout the year. Our Colchester Campus events are a great way to find out more about studying at Essex, and give you the chance to:

• tour our campus and accommodation
• find out answers to your questions about our courses, graduate employability, student support and more
• talk to our Fees and Funding team about scholarship opportunities
• meet our students and staff

If the dates of our organised events aren’t suitable for you, feel free to get in touch by emailing [email protected] and we’ll arrange an individual campus tour for you.

2024 Open Days (Colchester Campus)

• Saturday 21 September 2024 - September Open Day
• Saturday 26 October 2024 - October Open Day

You can apply for this postgraduate course online . Before you apply, please check our information about necessary documents that we'll ask you to provide as part of your application.

We encourage you to make a preliminary enquiry directly to a potential supervisor or the Graduate Administrator within your chosen Department or School. We encourage the consideration of a brief research proposal prior to the submission of a full application.

We aim to respond to applications within four weeks. If we are able to offer you a place, you will be contacted via email.

For information on our deadline to apply for this course, please see our ‘ how to apply ' information.

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Financial Technology PhD

Awards: PhD

Study modes: Full-time

Funding opportunities

Programme website: Financial Technology

Introduction to Postgraduate Study at the University of Edinburgh

Join us online on 25 September to learn more about Scotland, the city of Edinburgh and postgraduate study at the University.

Find out more and register

Research profile

As part of a world-renowned University, triple accredited ( AMBA , AACSB , and EQUIS ) and ranked 5th in the UK for research power (Times Higher Education, 2022) within Business and Management, our Business School provides a dynamic and supportive research environment for our large and diverse graduate community.

The Business School's research mission is to produce theory-led, practically relevant research that addresses contemporary organisational and management challenges faced by businesses, public organisations, regulatory bodies, and policy-makers.

Our research subject groups

The School has significant research expertise in the following disciplines:

• Accounting and Finance
• Entrepreneurship and Innovation
• Management Science and Business Economics
• Organisation Studies

Our research themes

Staff across these six disciplinary subject groups work together to carry out research under the following themes:

• Climate Change and Sustainability
• Corporate Finance
• Entrepreneurship
• Interdisciplinary Accounting
• Leadership, Organisations, and Society
• Management Science

Research centres and networks

Our Centres and Networks bring together established and new researchers to develop and disseminate new knowledge:

• Business school research centres, institutes and networks

Interdisciplinary research

The Business School has capitalised on opportunities afforded by our Edinburgh location and cultivated links with other parts of the University to develop and lead new areas of expertise, in financial services and FinTech, creative industries, and digital tourism.

The School has links with other schools at the University, including Social and Political Studies, Mathematics and Law, allowing students with cross-disciplinary interests to find expertise, support and supervision.

Your research

As a doctoral researcher, you will have the opportunity to pursue original research and make a significant contribution to your chosen field.

The strength of your application for our programme depends on the fit of your proposal with the School’s research mission and themes, and particularly how it fits with the research interests of our academic staff.

We therefore strongly recommend you make contact with a potential supervisor before applying. Check out the links to our research disciplines and themes above to find one of our academic colleagues you would be interested to work with, who would have the expertise to support your studies.

When approaching a potential supervisor please ensure you give them an up-to-date CV and a draft research proposal. If you are not sure who to approach, please contact our admissions team (contact details can be found in the ‘Further information’ section).

• Guidance on writing a research proposal

Programme structure

The PhD in Financial Technology is 3 years full-time with an additional year at the end to allow you to complete the writing up of your thesis.

You will take taught courses during your first year to build your research skills and the knowledge required for your area of study: you will take one compulsory introduction course and up to 100 credits of option courses, depending on your area of research and topic.

To be awarded a PhD, you will need to defend your written thesis in an oral examination called a viva.

Find out more about compulsory and optional courses

We link to the latest information available. Please note that this may be for a previous academic year and should be considered indicative.

Training and support

Your supervisory team will be made up of at least two members of academic staff who will meet with you regularly to discuss your research progress and plans.

You will be assigned to one of our research subject groups as relevant for your topic, who will host regular research activities.

Our doctoral training programme will allow you to pursue research and professional skill training alongside your subject-specific taught courses.

There will be a variety of seminars and workshops delivered by international experts throughout the year, providing further opportunities for advanced learning and networking.

Another way the Business School supports your individual development is through dedicated funding. Doctoral researchers can apply to use this funding for further opportunities such as attending international conferences or professional body membership fees.

The Business School's location right in the heart of Edinburgh means you will be based close to the city’s cultural attractions, including a wealth of libraries, archives, museums and galleries.

As a doctoral researcher at the Business School, you will have access to our PhD study spaces, as well as the staff lunch room and kitchen.

The Business School has its own postgraduate library and study centre (The Hub), a Finance Computer Lab, and Librarian who can help you find the information you need throughout your studies.

Our world-class research programmes offer:

• supervision from acclaimed academic faculty within a wider range of subject areas
• courses designed to expand your knowledge base and develop your research strategies
• dedicated, modern facilities with state-of-the-art databases and specialist resources
• a peer network of students and inspiring alumni from across the globe
• a vibrant research environment with regular seminars, masterclasses, and events allowing you to connect and learn from experts across the business world

Career opportunities

The Business School offers training events and support for all our postgraduate research students in both academic and professional skills – we support a diversity of career pathways.

There are opportunities for doctoral researchers to be employed as our Research Assistants and Teaching Assistants.

Graduates from our postgraduate research degrees often pursue further careers at internationally renowned universities or become senior consultants for private and public bodies.

Why choose a PhD at the University of Edinburgh Business School?

Entry requirements.

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

Entrance to the Business School PhD programmes is competitive. While academic credentials are important for a successful application we also pay great attention to the fit of students with the proposed project and to the research expertise and interests of our academic faculty.

Minimum academic requirements

For entry to the PhD programme applicants must meet the following minimum academic qualifications.

A postgraduate masters degree from an accredited institution in the UK or overseas showing evidence of above-average academic achievement. This includes:

a degree classification with a mark of 70% or more overall (University of Edinburgh level, or overseas equivalent)

normally a masters dissertation at the distinction level (University of Edinburgh level, or overseas equivalent) in finance, economics, informatics, physics, mathematics, engineering and other relevant programmes with significant quantitative elements.

Applications may be accepted from those still currently studying for a masters degree; however, any offer will be conditional on the successful completion of the degree at the required standard.

Applicants with a Bachelor's degree in finance, economics, informatics, physics, mathematics, engineering or other relevant programmes with significant quantitative elements will be given due consideration on a case-by-case basis, providing they have significant finance and technological industry experience, or relevant professional qualifications.

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 7.0 with at least 6.0 in each component. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 20 in each component. We do not accept TOEFL MyBest Score to meet our English language requirements.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 185 with at least 169 in each component.
• Trinity ISE : ISE III with passes in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 70 with at least 59 in each component.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

Fees and costs

Living costs.

You will be responsible for covering living costs for the duration of your studies.

Tuition fees

Scholarships and funding.

There are various scholarship opportunities. For those joining in September 2023, the Business School scholarships will be advertised late 2022 on our School website.

• Business School scholarships and funding

UK government postgraduate loans

If you live in the UK, you may be able to apply for a postgraduate loan from one of the UK’s governments.

The type and amount of financial support you are eligible for will depend on:

• your programme
• the duration of your studies
• your tuition fee status

Programmes studied on a part-time intermittent basis are not eligible.

• UK government and other external funding

Other funding opportunities

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Postgraduate Research Admissions
• Phone: +44 (0)131 651 5337
• Contact: [email protected]
• Director of Research Degrees, Dr Ben Marder
• Contact: [email protected]
• University of Edinburgh Business School
• PGR Support Team
• 29 Buccleuch Place
• Central Campus
• Programme: Financial Technology
• School: Business School
• College: Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences

Select your programme and preferred start date to begin your application.

PhD Financial Technology - 3 Years (Full-time)

Application deadlines.

Supervisors can accept students on a first-come, first-served basis and the programme may close early if it reaches capacity.

• How to apply

You must submit two references with your application.

Please find guidelines on how to apply for this programme on the Business School website.

• Applying to PhD Financial Technology

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes:

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• Staff Directory
• University Home
• Postgraduate Research
• Our Research Areas

Introduction

Specialising in applied finance, particularly corporate finance and governance and with significant expertise in asset pricing, financial economics and banking.

Study Information

At a glance, want to know more.

The PhD programme provides an opportunity to undertake original research into a wide variety of areas. The department has a lively team of academic staff, with their own individual research topic areas. Our research aims to improve the understanding of today’s business and policy implications. The finance staff is engaged with practitioners and academic institutions within the UK and abroad.

Our PhD program is aimed at those who wish to become experts in a specialised finance field. Our purpose is to involve PhD students in our areas of expertise, providing them with a strong setting in which to pursue their research, and encouraging and helping with publication. As a research graduate, you will be equipped to design and conduct high-quality research and encourage to present your work both within the department and at international conferences. To support research and teaching, the group benefits from database subscriptions, including Datastream, Thomson ONE banker and Bloomberg.

In the first year, students are normally encouraged to study several chosen courses in applied finance which will develop their quantitative and qualitative research skills as well as their knowledge of the finance research literature and methodologies. An appropriate programme of study is developed for each student in consultation with the candidate’s supervisor.

Our Research

The Finance group research themes focus on:

• Financial economics, corporate finance & corporate governance
• Asset pricing & applied financial econometrics
• Banking & financial institutions
• Financial technology & applied mathematics
• Find out more about our staff research interests on our departmental pages.
• Further information on our doctoral programme

Research Interests

Corporate finance & financial economics.

To explore capital structure decisions under capital market imperfections. Specifically, issues related to capital structure and firm behaviour. The examination of dividend policy, corporate governance, financial development, financial distress and bankruptcy.

Experts : Professor Gerhard Kling , Dr Filipa Da Silva Fernandes , Dr Daniel Gyimah , Dr Laura McCann , Dr Huong Vu , Dr Seungho Lee , Dr Fotios Papadimitriou , Dr Yaodong Liu

More information about the team

Asset Pricing, Capital Markets and applied financial econometrics

To undertake research in empirical testing of asset pricing models. This could cover topics such as time-series properties of asset returns (i.e. predictability, volatility), cross-sectional properties of asset returns (i.e. CAPM, factor models) and the pricing of equity index derivative securities financial frictions on asset markets.

Experts: Professor Angela Black , Dr Fotios Papadimitriou

More information about the experts

Banking and financial services

To explore research in the area of banking and financial markets, specifically on topics related to bank efficiency, financial stability, credit markets, investment efficiency.

Experts: Dr Chunxia Jiang , Dr Filipa Da Silva Fernandes

Financial technology and applied mathematics

To conduct research on cryptocurrencies/FinTech related subjects. Specifically, the links between cryptocurrency and international investment markets, market efficiency of cryptocurrencies, the price/volatility relationship among cryptocurrencies.

Experts: Professor Gerhard Kling , Dr Seungho Lee , Dr Seungho Lee

Entry Requirements

The applicants of our research degree should usually possess a good Master’s degree (or overseas equivalent), with a significant component in the finance area.

Your proposed research topic should be in an area in which supervision can be offered. As such, the potential candidate may find it helpful to consider the current research interest of our staff before submitting an application.

Required documentation

Applicants should submit:

• Transcripts/degree certificate
• Two references
• A research proposal (3,000 words maximum)
• Name of potential supervisor

View Details of our current staff and their research interests

If English is not your first language you must also show evidence of attaining standards in English. Details of English language criteria.

International Applicants

• Information about visa and immigration requirements
• Information regarding country-specific entry requirements

Additional details for international applicants, including country-specific information, are available here .

Fees and Funding

View the tuition fee rates

More information about Fee status, living costs, and work allowances for international students is available here .

Our Funding Database

View all funding options in our Funding Database .

PhD graduates in Finance can work in government departments, central banks, a variety of financial institutions and multinational corporations. At the Business school many of our PhD graduates also go on to forge successful academic careers in other top Universities.

Get in Touch

Contact details.

• Email Us [email protected]
• Call Us +44 (0)1224 272796
• Enquire Now Using an online form

Accounting, Banking, Economics, Finance, Management Studies and Marketing Postgraduate Research - 2024 Entry

Course details.

• Qualification PhD
• Duration 2-6 years

About This Course

The PhD programme in the Business School at Bangor has been described by external experts as ’second to none in the UK’. Our role of PhD throughput is amongst the highest in the UK and we have ESRC recognition for our research training (MSc to PhD) in Management and Business as well as Economics. Our current and recent PhD students are a lively and friendly community. Their areas of research interest are as diverse and interesting as their backgrounds. 

PhD Projects

Our research centres are highly interested in supervising PhDs in the topics listed below. We recommend before applying contacting the academic staff you wish to supervise you to discuss your interest area, have a look at our staff profiles to get an idea of the research interests and publications of our academic team.

• Consumer financial wellbeing and sustainable financial services through FinTech solutions This project investigates the nexus between sustainable consumer behaviour and technology-enabled financial services. The theme of sustainability continues to permeate all areas of business, marketing and consumption, while technology is becoming ever more embedded in the delivery of financial services. For example, sustainable consumer behaviour includes areas such as financial wellbeing. Nevertheless, these themes are progressing at a different pace around the world, and considerable variation exists across financial services segments. This project will investigate potential positive outcomes arising from designing sustainability into new financial products and services, and will consider how these outcomes vary across developed and emerging economies. The segments of credit and investment will be a particular focus. Additionally, this project will look at sustainable consumer financial wellbeing through the use of FinTech.
• Self-regulation, emotion and consumer wisdom of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) users   The number of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) users has increased as a result of the cost-of-living crisis and the level of UK personal debt is at an all-time high. This project seeks to examine the relationships between self-regulation, emotion and consumer wisdom when using BNPL loans to shop online. The study will also explore a potential link between self-regulation failure related to BNPL and the fear of missing out. Differences in consumer spending using BNPL (i.e. essential purchases vs non-essentials) and the potential benefits of BNPL will also be explored with the aim of promoting positive consumer financial well-being.
• Exploring the growth of vaping and the marketing of e-cigarette brands  Vaping as a behaviour is commonplace and increasingly normalised but there has been a rise in vaping amongst young people over the past five years. Research suggests that young people are experimenting with vapes, and there is an uptake in the use of disposable vapes with Elf Bar and Geek Bar emerging as popular brands. This project will explore young people’s attitudes and perceived identities in relation to their vaping behaviours. The research will also examine the communication techniques of e-cigarette brands (e.g., branding, packaging, in-store communications, social media marketing) and how they are processed by both vapers and non-vapers.
• ESG Performance and Syndicated loan market  The syndicated lending market has evolved into a pivotal segment within the global financial landscape. This project intends to dive deep into the burgeoning dynamics of this market, specifically examining its interactions with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. The appointed candidate will venture into the exploration of the impact of ESG factors and climate change on the bank lending behaviours.  market's dynamics, risk attributes, and economic ramifications, uniquely emphasizing the market's responses to climate change and ESG implications. This study aims to augment both industry and academic comprehension, integrating the syndicated lending traditional finance with sustainable and socially responsible investing goals, thereby fostering a resilient financial market that aligns with ESG principles.
• The impact of the Paris Agreement on cross-border mergers and acquisitions: An analysis of green vs brown lending  In recent years, climate change has attracted great attention from policy makers and academic researchers. The new climate policies could induce uncertainty in the form of climate transitional risk to firms, that would require them to adopt and change their policies. At the first stage, this PhD project aims to examine the impact of the Paris Agreement (COP21) on the firm’s cross-border mergers and acquisitions behaviour. Moreover, it aims to examine how these changes in firms' behaviour spill over into the realm of bank lending behaviour and the broader implications for global financial stability.
• Environmental innovations and financial instability  In a global environment, combating climate change necessitates cooperation between all economic sectors. Whether directly or indirectly it is indisputable that practically every industry contributes significantly to both economic growth and environmental effects. With the financial sector’s central role as intermediary in the functioning of the economy, financial instability could potentially lead to the collapse of banks and corporations. Then, financial stability or instability could be a key metric for investment of R&D (innovation) by firms. This project explores the important link between financial stability and R&D innovation. Where stable financial systems may enhance R&D innovation and the role of R&D investment in the banking lending.
• Digital transformation, environmental sustainability and supply chain in the Banks and Industrial firms. Climate finance' is a multifaceted concept. It generally refers to finance for activities aiming to mitigate or adapt to the impacts of climate change. Decisions and technology transformation related to green policies affects the future of the companies and their profitability. The successful applicant will delve into various aspects of digital transformation, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the development and the implementation of technology, impact on economies, and other related topics, making significant contributions to the financial industry and academia.
• Trading on the Political Stage: Analysing the Influence of Political Events and Sentiment Shifts on Retail Investor Behaviour  In recent years many new retail investors have entered financial markets in droves thanks to the rise of “app-based” trading platforms and accelerated by the covid-19 pandemic. Researchers and policymakers and now examining the how these new retail investors, which are known to be more prone to bias, behave. We are interested in supervising a research proposal that aims to investigate the influence of political events and sentiment shifts on the trading behaviour of retail investors.

The capitalisation of fiscal policy into land values 

The fact that the value of infrastructure and public services are capitalised into land values is well established*. The aim of this PhD project is to ascertain whether, and to quantify the extent to which, welfare and tax policies more broadly get capitalised into land values.

The project will consider the effect of (1) minimum wage legislation, (2) welfare payments (including tax credits) and (3) income tax thresholds on the rental values of properties inhabited by the targeted groups. Implications for the implementation of tax and welfare policies will be drawn in order to inform future policy debates.

Understanding the Welsh Tax Base – Demography and Migration 

This project seeks to analyse the linkages between the Welsh tax base and the key fundamentals of the Welsh economy, polity, and society which drive migration and demography.

One key aspect will be to consider the international evidence on the impact of tax differentials on migration, and use this to model the potential impact of tax differentials between Wales and England on migration and tax revenues in the context of the current devolution settlement and potential future tax powers. Another key aspect will be to gather evidence on the lifecycle demographics of the Welsh population and its implications for tax revenues (and government spending) in Wales.

How have published Tax Strategies evolved since the UK tax strategy requirement was first introduced?

In 2015, HMRC introduced a requirement for certain large businesses (approximately 2,000 organisations) to publish a tax strategy document, with financial penalties for non-compliance. Proposed research would consider the volume and nature of disclosures in published tax strategy reports, studying how they have developed over time, and the development of accepted practice for these reports. The large accounting firms offer specific guidance on these strategy reports, and their role would also be considered in reviewing how these reports contribute to the company’s tax reputation, building on previous research on the use of CSR reports for impression management.

Stakeholder perspectives on dual-class stock structures

An increasing number of firms are adopting dual-class share structures, whereby a class of stock with superior control rights is held by company insiders/founders (Aggarwal, Eldar, Hochberg & Litov, 2022). Dual-class structures are known to associate with risk of increased agency problems relating to managerial extraction of private benefits, at the expense of outside shareholders (Masulis, Wang & Xie, 2009). Yet, still little is understood about their impact on other stakeholders (e.g., employees, suppliers, customers, or society at large) or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) outcomes. We particularly welcome proposals relating their use to pressing global challenges (e.g., climate change).

• The War in Ukraine and firm performance  This PhD project will investigate the strategic decision-making of firms in the context of the Ukraine War. The primary aim of this project is to examine various outcomes of companies that are exposed to this geographical area during the conflict. The project will explore the decisions made by these companies, and how these decisions have impacted them. This research will contribute to the existing literature on the implications of geopolitical conflicts for multinational corporations and provide valuable insights for companies facing similar dilemmas in the future.
• The impact of ESG shocks on Credit Ratings: The role of Information Uncertainty and the ESG-Credit Rating channel  In recent years, policy makers and the public are starting to reveal greater awareness of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues such as climate change and corporate responsibility. Academic researchers are investigating whether the nature of a business and how it reacts to ESG issues can determine how it will perform in the future and its ability to pay its debts (credit risk). This PhD project aims to investigate the strength and nature of this ESG - Credit Rating channel and how shocks can be transmitted through it from the ESG realm to corporate credit.
• Investigating Future Prosperity - How Management Skills can Boost Growth in the Regions and Beyond  This project is an extension of the supervisory team’s contribution to the CMI's latest policy paper which focused on the West Midlands Future Prosperity . The new project will address the important topic of boosting growth through management skills by comparing and contrasting three regions including Wales, the North East and the West Midlands. There are wider implications by addressing the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Qualitative methods will be used to reveal key themes and build towards new theory, especially related to place leadership. There is a practice dimension which delivers impact by helping regional organisations such as SMEs to grow.
• Sustainable Heritage and Social Innovation as Enablers of UN’s Sustainable Development Goals   In 2015, UNESCO published a policy document for the integration of a sustainable development perspective into the processes of the World Heritage Convention. In other words, for the first time, the role of heritage and creativity is seen as an enabler of sustainable development across the Sustainable Development Goals. In order to develop and test new approaches, this project will compare and contrast two live projects which are in the process of bringing heritage sites into re-use with an emphasis on community involvement. Action research will surface concepts and practices about sustainable heritage. There will be a wider contribution to social innovation and emergent theory in this field.
• Smart technologies and data analytics for the sustainable development of places to live and visit  The increasing use of smart technologies and Internet of Things offers the tourism sector an abundance of big data, which can be used to generate new insights to foster the sustainable development of places to live and visit. This project will explore how data from smart technologies can be used to support the development of innovative solutions to more efficiently allocate resources, enhance visitor experiences and promote of sustainable economic growth. Real-world data and modern data analytic techniques will be used to analyse and predict consumer behaviour to determine how different messages and agents influence visitor experiences and sustainable behaviours.
• Tourism in fragile destinations: hosts’ and tourists’ perceptions  The project explores tourism development in fragile destinations and the overall well-being of hosting communities. "Fragile destinations" refer to places vulnerable to negative tourism impacts, going beyond environmental degradation to focus on cultural identity, lifestyle decline (congestion, service strain, local housing scarcity, price inflation), and economic dependence. Some fragile destinations have protection via National/Natural Parks or UNESCO listing; others, vulnerable, lack recognized status. Applied to North Wales, the study examines safeguarded and unsafeguarded fragile destinations, highlighting benefits and challenges in secured status comparison. This comparison identifies positive outcomes and challenges tied to formal recognition of protected areas.
• Climate change and destination branding: an evolving perpetual and place orientated strategy  The project aims to examine tourism destinations adaptation to climate change. While individual adaptation is dependent on personal knowledge and values, due to the stakeholders involved, for a ‘destination’ to adapt, it faces a multifaceted process.  As such it is important to examine whether this interplay is reflected in public authorities’ and/or destination management organisations (DMOs) approach to destination branding. Therefore, this project will compare attitudes and perceptions towards climate change and the (potential) adaptation of the destination(s) to determine the stakeholder perceptions of the vulnerability and/or resilience of the place’s physical and sociocultural determinants to climate change and the implications on destination branding and image.

Application

As part of the application process for a research degree, you will be asked to submit a research proposal. This should be relevant to the research interests and expertise of staff members and our Research Centres, as these are the areas in which we can offer supervision. We therefore recommend that applicants refer to our Business School staff pages and Research Centre pages before preparing a research proposal.

The research proposal should be between 1,500 and 2,500 words, and should outline the following:

• Provisional title
• Central question or hypothesis for investigation
• Key aims of the research
• Literature review
• Description of your topic
• Methodology – how you will answer the research question
• Bibliography

Click here  for guidance about how to write a good research proposal.

• Bachelor degree certificate and transcript(s)
• Academic reference/support letter
• Detailed CV (highlighting your Relevant work experience, Research project experience, Publications, and Academic achievements)
• Once you have found a member of staff whose research interests broadly accord with your own, you should state their names as part of your application so that your application may be considered by them.
• English language test certificate (if undertaken)
• Confirmation of funding/sponsorship (if applicable)
• Masters degree certificate and transcript(s) (required for PhD applications)
• Confirmation letter of external funding (if applicable)

Programme Length

A PhD degree is usually 3 years full-time, or 5-6 years part-time. Candidates are expected to present the results of their research in a 100,000-word thesis which represents a significant original contribution to knowledge in the subject area studied, and to undergo a viva voce examination.

An MPhil (Master of Philosophy) degree is usually 2 years full-time, or 3 years part-time. Candidates must successfully complete an approved programme of supervised research, and present their results in a thesis of up to 60,000 words.

Our Databases 

Here at the Business School we have access to some of the best databases including Bloomberg. Allowing students to use these database as part of their course not only improves their learning experience but also better prepares them for a career in industry. For a full list of all our databases visit our study environment pages. 

Entry Requirements

For PhD: Master’s degree in a relevant subject. Normally, a distinction in your Masters Degree is a requirement.

For MPhil: First or upper-second class degree in a relevant subject, such as economics, finance, accounting, business or management.

If your native language is not English, you must provide satisfactory evidence that you have an adequate knowledge and understanding of written and spoken English:

• IELTS: 7.0 (with no individual score lower than 6.5)
• Pearson PTE: 67 (with no individual score lower than 62)
• Cambridge English Test – Advanced/Proficiency: 185 (with no individual score lower than 176)

Explore More in Accounting, Banking and Finance

Our postgraduate research programmes in Accounting, Banking and Finance are long established and globally recognised. You are exposed to a range of Accounting and Finance tools and techniques along with a rigorous academic foundation and our academic staff are passionate about key questions affecting modern economies.

Explore More in Business, Management and Marketing

Our postgraduate degrees range from broad and comprehensive to highly specialised programmes, spanning subjects including Digital Marketing, Strategy, Managing People, Marketing, Finance, Business Administration, Strategic Marketing, Data Analytics and setting up New Business Ventures.

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Research degrees: finance and management (mphil/phd).

• Jump to: Key information
• Jump to: Course overview
• Jump to: Structure
• Jump to: Teaching and learning
• Jump to: Fees and funding
• Jump to: Employment

Key information

Home student fees (full-time) : £4,860 per year Home student fees (part-time) : £2,430 per year Overseas student fees (full-time) : £22,490 per year Overseas student fees (part-time) : £11,245 per year

Please note that fees go up each year.   See  research fees  for further details.

We normally require a 2.1 bachelor's degree (or its equivalent) plus a Masters degree in appropriate subject area plus one reference. In exceptional cases we may accept applicants who do not meet these criteria if they show evidence of a strong Masters degree and/or appropriate level of relevant work experience. International applicants should also see  Doctoral School English language requirements

Course overview

Graduate students in the Research Degrees: Finance and Management PhD programme of the School of Finance and Management study towards the University of London PhD.

To be considered for the PhD programme in finance or management students must already have completed a good Masters degree in a relevant discipline and been awarded high grades. They must also submit an initial research proposal that demonstrates aptitude for academic research.

The full-time PhD programme normally requires three years of study in London.

Research topics

The School of Finance and Management PhD programme provides supervision in a number of fields within finance and management. We concentrate on topics in fields which are actively being researched by faculty members.

Currently the five principal areas are:

• corporate governance
• public policy and management
• regulation (in developed and developing countries) and sustainable development and agribusiness
• Corporate governance: finance, law, and regulation (in developed and developing countries)
• Corporate finance: determinants of firms' capital structure
• Finance and economic growth
• Financial regulation, central banking and bank supervision
• Public policy and management; public financial management
• Management in China; Management in Japan; and Management in the Middle East and North Africa

Research environment

For information on the School's research interests and supervision possibilities please see our  School's academic staff profiles .

Scholarships

There are a small number of competitive research scholarships within the Faculty that provide remission of tuition fees at the UK/EU rate and/or a maintenance allowance.   Graduate teaching positions are sometimes available for qualified students.

Referees and references

If you have been in education in the past three years, we will require references from your most recent post-graduate place of study. We normally require two academic references from senior or established faculty members who are in a position to comment on your research potential.

If you have been out of education for three years or more we will normally require at least one academic reference. We can also consider references from an earlier time or from your current place of work but only where these provide relevant recommendations to the course of study you are applying for. References from family members or friends are not acceptable.

Students in the PhD programme study advanced courses and carry out research for their thesis. They work closely with their supervisor from the School of Finance and Management and also with other faculty members and PhD students.

The first year of the programme involves research training seminars and advanced courses. At the same time, students work with their supervisor to develop a detailed research proposal, undertake the first stages of research and write some draft sections to outline the main arguments of the thesis.

Bloomsbury Postgraduate Skills Network

SOAS is also part of the Bloomsbury Postgraduate Skills Network sharing training opportunities with UCL, the Institute of Education, and LSE. SOAS students may apply for research funding to attend conferences and special courses.

Students are required to present their work and to participate in the PhD Seminar programme throughout the year. In addition to student presentations the PhD seminar also includes “Key Contributions to Management and Finance”, a forum where departmental staff reprise a frontier article that offers essential insights into different advanced research areas.

PhD students are also expected to attend departmental research seminars.

After about eight months of full time study the students progress is assessed by an upgrade committee and successful students go on to year two.

In their second year full time students carry out detailed research which usually includes gathering and processing data. Some research for this purpose may be carried out overseas if required. During the year students write draft chapters of their thesis and discuss them with their supervisor.

Full time students for the PhD would complete their research and write a final draft or near final draft of the thesis.

Any work at this stage normally involves redrafting chapters of the thesis to achieve the standards of publications. The examination must normally be completed in this year. Examination is by assessment of the thesis and an oral examination (viva voce) concerning the thesis and the research upon which it is based.

Part-time study

Students wishing to pursue part-time study are welcome to apply but will need to demonstrate that they have the commitment and resources to pursue their studies over the longer-time frame that this mode requires.

A part-present option is also available whereby students who are in employed by work-places that offer a supportive environment may take the last two years of the full-time programme by distance learning. This mode is being trialled for a small number of students in 2013-14 and further information will be posted here later.

Important notice

The information on the website reflects the intended programme structure against the given academic session. The modules are indicative options of the content students can expect and are/have been previously taught as part of these programmes. However, this information is published a long time in advance of enrolment and module content and availability is subject to change. 

Teaching and learning

SOAS is committed to providing support for research students. All full time first year students attend lectures for one SOAS research methods course and one other masters-level course following discussion with the lead supervisor. A range of additional development and training courses  are available.

Fees and funding

Fees for 2023/24 entrants per academic year.

Please note that fees go up each year. See  research fees  for further details.

Graduates from the School of Finance and Management leave SOAS with a coherent and solid knowledge of management and finance, with skills in statistics and computing, critical reasoning and analytical thinking.

Recent graduates have been hired by:

• Christian Aid
• Dagong Global
• Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
• Elbus Group
• Financial Times
• FM Capital Partners
• HM Treasury
• Houlihan Lokey
• Huaxia Bank, China
• IDB (Islamic Development Bank)
• J.P. Morgan Asset Management
• Lloyds Banking Group
• University of Oxford
• White & Case LLP
• World Food Programme

Find out about our  Careers Service.

Professor Reinhard Bachmann

Strategic Management, Organizational Analysis and Comparative Management

SOAS Voices

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How my time at SOAS forced me to be uncomfortable (and how I grew from it)

A final-year student reflects on her time studying at SOAS, what she has learnt and how she has developed personally.

Careers: How SOAS helped Andrew become a policymaker in Tanzania

Andrew Mahiga studied MSc in Public Policy & Management at SOAS and is now working as a Director of Policy, Research, Advocacy & Lobbying in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. FInd out about his career so far.

From the Coronation to Succession, what are the benefits of family business?

Family businesses can often be perceived as fragile and full of drama. But can keeping it in the family offer competitive advantages?

How do we foster a more inclusive and equitable business environment?

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Developing financial systems to support sustainable growth in China: Innovation, diversity and financial regulation

Developing understanding of the Chinese financial system and its crucial role in supporting the future development and continued growth of the Chinese economy.

UK-India Bilateral Trade in FinTech and FinTech-Enabled Services: Emerging trends and potential for growth

Assessing the role of fintech in the expansion of UK-India bilateral trade in goods and financial services.

The Inclusive Finance project

Identifying workable policies to help make the financial sector an effective instrument in promoting financial inclusion and sustained growth in low-income countries.

AXA Chair in Global Finance

Identifying and monitoring mega trends in global finance, allowing for dynamics of competitive conditions, which are engendered by the interplay between institutional economics and technological innovations.

Improving climate-change risk management in Shanghai and Hangzhou

Contributing to the mitigation and adaptation efforts against devastating natural hazards in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Managing climate risk and the cost of capital in climate-vulnerable countries

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Careers: My hopes for the future? To see the transformation of Rwanda in my generation

Isaac Rugamba Rutagwenda graduated from SOAS with an MSc in Public Policy, Finance and Management and is now a Resource Mobilization Manager at the Development Bank of Rwanda. Learn more about his impressive career to date.

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We have 4 banking and finance PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships

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banking and finance PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships

Future finance with artificial intelligence, phd research project.

PhD Research Projects are advertised opportunities to examine a pre-defined topic or answer a stated research question. Some projects may also provide scope for you to propose your own ideas and approaches.

Self-Funded PhD Students Only

This project does not have funding attached. You will need to have your own means of paying fees and living costs and / or seek separate funding from student finance, charities or trusts.

The Bradford Executive Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA)

The PhD opportunities on this programme do not have funding attached. You will need to have your own means of paying fees and living costs and / or seek separate funding from student finance, charities or trusts.

Business Research Programme

Business Research Programmes present a range of research opportunities, shaped by a university’s particular expertise, facilities and resources. You will usually identify a suitable topic for your PhD and propose your own project. Additional training and development opportunities may also be offered as part of your programme.

PhD (School of Management) Doctorate

Phd research programme.

PhD Research Programmes present a range of research opportunities shaped by a university’s particular expertise, facilities and resources. You will usually identify a suitable topic for your PhD and propose your own project. Additional training and development opportunities may also be offered as part of your programme.

NHH Norwegian School of Economics PhD programme

Funded phd programme (students worldwide).

Some or all of the PhD opportunities in this programme have funding attached. Applications for this programme are welcome from suitably qualified candidates worldwide. Funding may only be available to a limited set of nationalities and you should read the full programme details for further information.

4 Year PhD Programme

4 Year PhD Programmes are extended PhD opportunities that involve more training and preparation. You will usually complete taught courses in your first year (sometimes equivalent to a Masters in your subject) before choosing and proposing your research project. You will then research and submit your thesis in the normal way.

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Executive PhD in Finance

Key information, about the executive phd in finance.

The Executive PhD is a four-year, part-time degree programme, culminating in a dissertation that passes formal examination. It comprises of ten, forty-hour residential weeks, and independent research guided by faculty supervisors.

"The courses are excellent and highly tailored to our specific needs. The flexible design helps us to move quickly toward our individual goals." Rob Roy – Executive PhD in Finance

Research Areas

Our research covers all the core areas of finance – asset pricing, corporate finance and financial markets.

It also reflects our strengths in:

• Banking and international finance
• Mathematical finance and financial econometrics
• Real estate
• Shipping finance.

As such, our Finance PhD students carry out research in a wide variety of areas but the faculty fosters a collaborative and engaging approach to research and you will meet many inspiring academics and experts.

We encourage you to learn more about the programme’s faculty or previous students’ successes by visiting the links below.

We take pride in producing research of the highest academic standard, and our research is published routinely in the top finance journals.

• Recent publications from the Faculty of Finance

Programme structure

The Finance PhD is usually a four year programme. You are registered on the MPhil degree for the first two years during which you will follow a programme of taught courses and prepare for the transfer panel, which is a mid-point assessment of your progress.

Year 1 – Theory and Methods

In the first year you will attend four residential weeks during which you will participate in a series of seminars designed to train you in the theory and methods necessary to conduct high quality finance research. These courses are academically rigorous and require substantial preparation time before each residential week.

Week One – September

• Quantitative Research Methods: Fundamentals of Statistics (Dr Elisabetta Pellini)
• Choosing Your Research Question (Professor Charles Baden-Fuller)
• Elements of Research Design (Professor Davide Ravasi)
• Philosophy of Social Science (Professor Hugh Wilmott)
• Research Ethics (Dr Janina Steinmetz and Dr Hans Frankfort)
• Managing the PhD Experience (Dr Daisy Chung)
• Managing a Research Project (Professor Barbara Casu Lukac)
• Introduction to Library Resources (Library Staff)

Week Two - December

• Quantitative Research Methods I (Professor Giovanni Urga & Dr Elisabetta Pellini)
• Survey Design I (Dr Canan Kocabasoglu-Hillmer)
• How to Write a Literature Review (Professor Bobby Banerjee)
• Research Topics in Finance I: International Finance (Professor Ian Marsh)
• Empirical Methods in Finance I (Professor Francisco Urzua)
• Library Services and Online Resources - Working Session (Library Staff)
• Finance Research Seminar (External Speaker)

Week Three - March

• Quantitative Research Methods II (Professor Giovanni Urga & Dr Elisabetta Pellini)
• Empirical Methods in Finance II (Professor Francisco Urzua)
• Research Topics in Finance II: Mergers and Acquisitions (Professor Meziane Lasfer)
• Research Topics in Finance III: Banking and Financial Regulation (Professor Barbara Casu)
• Survey Design II (Dr Canan Kocabasoglu-Hillmer)
• Organisations: Early Debate and Implications for Trading Floors (Dr Daniel Beunza)
• Interview Techniques (Professor Paula Jarzabkowski)

Week Four - June

• Quantitative Research Methods III (Professor Giovanni Urga & Dr Elisabetta Pellini)
• Empirical Methods in Finance III (Professor Francisco Urzua)
• Survey Design III (Dr Canan Kocabasoglu-Hillmer)
• Research Topics in Finance IV: Banking and Financial Regulation (Dr Angela Gallo)
• Responsible Investing: Ethnographic Discovery and Finance (Dr Daniel Beunza)
• PhD Finance Research Days (full time PhD workshop)
• Research Presentations (all cohorts)

Year 2 – Research Development

Year 2 – First Paper and Transfer Panel

Your research training continues in this second year with workshops focused on developing specific skills such as academic writing, advanced level reading groups where we delve deeply into key current research papers.

Alongside this, you will commence research in your chosen topics and the year culminates with the defense of your first research paper before a transfer panel committee. After the successful defense of your transfer panel paper you will move onto the final two years of the PhD programme.

Week Five - September

• Quantitative Research Methods IV (Professor Giovanni Urga & Dr Elisabetta Pellini)
• Empirical Methods in Finance IV (Professor Francisco Urzua)
• Research Topics in Finance V: Behavioural Finance (Dr Simon Heyley)
• Responsible Investing: Corporate Social Responsibility (Dr Daniel Beunza)
• Transfer Panel: What You Need to Prepare (Professor Barbara Casu Lukac)
• Academic Writing Workshop

Week Six – June

• Quantitative Research Methods V (Professor Giovanni Urga & Dr Elisabetta Pellini)
• Empirical Methods in Finance V (Professor Francisco Urzua)
• Responsible Investing: Morality and Markets (Dr Daniel Beunza)
• How to Publish a Research Paper and Work with Co-Authors (various faculty)
• Dissertation: Thinking about the Viva (Professor Barbara Casu Lukac)
• Research Presentations and Transfer Panels (all cohorts)

Year 3 – Dissertation Research

Year 3 – Supervised Research

You complete your remaining research papers in years three and four, and will defend your work in the viva voce exam soon after completion of your thesis. Training continues in the final two years but the focus shifts towards preparing you for publishing your research.

You will attend workshops designed to help you to publish your work and to introduce you to the academic job market if applicable.

Year 4 – Writing the Dissertation

Year four will be focussed on completing the writing of your dissertation, and preparing for the viva voce examination, while continuing to pursue publications and/or academic positions where applicable.

The Faculty

The faculty has over 50 full-time members conducting state-of-the-art research in all key areas of finance. It is located within the City of London, the world's most prominent financial centre. No other PhD programme in Finance gives you such access to the City of London.

The unique and direct access to leading figures from the real world of finance enables us to blend the latest theory and thinking with the latest real-world experience and developments within the Executive PhD in Finance.

Pawel Bilinski Reader in Accounting, CeFARR Director, and Course Director, MSc Corporate Finance

Stefano De Cesaris Senior Lecturer in Accounting

Cristina Grande-Herrera Lecturer in Accounting

Jay Jung Lecturer in Accounting

Sonia Konstantinidi Lecturer in Accounting

Art Kraft Reader in Accounting

Danielle Lyssimachou Associate Professor in Accounting, and Course Director of BSc Accounting & Finance

Tim Martens Lecturer in Accounting

Ivana Raonic Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Finance

Andrew Yim Senior Lecturer in Accounting

Asset Pricing and Investments

David Blake Professor of Economics of Pensions

Giovanni Cespa Professor of Finance

Andrew Clare Associate Dean of Bayes Executive Education

Keith Cuthbertson Professor of Finance

Simon Hayley Lecturer in Finance

Aneel Keswani Reader in Finance

Meziane Lasfer Professor of Finance

Ian Marsh Professor of Finance and Head of Faculty of Finance

Nick Motson Senior Lecturer in Finance; and Associate Dean of MSc Programme

Dirk Nitzsche Senior Lecturer in Finance, Course Director of the MSc Quantitative Finance and Financial Mathematics, and Associate Dean for International Relationships

Richard Payne Professor of Finance, and Associate Dean for the Undergraduate Programme

Maik Schmeling Professor of Finance

Steve Thomas Professor of Finance, and Course Director for EMBA and Dubai MBA

Natasha Todorovic Senior Lecturer in Investment Management

Banking and International Finance

Thorsten Beck Professor of Banking and Finance

Barbara Casu Professor of Banking, Course Director of MSc Banking and International Finance, and Director of the Executive PhD programme

Daniela Fabbri Reader in Finance

Sonia Falconieri Senior Lecturer in Finance, and Course Director for MSc in Finance

Angela Gallo Lecturer in Finance

Vasso Ioannidou

Professor of Finance

Kate Phylaktis Professor of International Finance, and Director of the Emerging Markets Group

Francesc Rodriguez-Tous Lecturer in Banking

Sotiris K. Staikouras Senior Lecturer in Banking and Finance, and Course Director for Undergraduate Investment Analysis & Insurance and Real Estate Finance & Investment

Corporate Finance

Dyaran Bansraj Lecturer in Finance

Giacinta Cestone Reader in Finance, and Course Director of MSc International Accounting and Finance

Sonia Falconieri Reader in Finance, and Course Director for MSc in Finance

Anh Tran Professor of Finance

Francisco Urzúa Reader in Finance

Econometrics

Roy Batchelor Professor of Banking and Finance, and Associate Dean of MBA Programme

Ana-Maria Fuertes Professor of Financial Econometrics

Malvina Marchese Lecturer in Finance, and Course Director for Undergraduate Finance Degrees

Giovanni Urga Professor of Finance and Econometrics, and Director of Centre for Econometric Analysis

Fa Wang Lecturer in Financial Econometrics

Mathematical Finance

Laura Ballotta Reader in Financial Mathematics

Aleš Cerny Professor of Finance

Gianluca Fusai Reader in Mathematical Finance

John Hatgioannides Professor of Mathematical Finance

Real Estate Finance and Investment

Mark Andrew Senior Lecturer in Real Estate Finance and Investment

Christopher Bourn Senior Lecturer in Real Estate Finance and Investment

Tony Key Director of MSc Real Estate Investment

Stephen Lee Senior Lecturer in Real Estate Finance

Alex Moss Senior Lecturer in Real Estate

William Rodney Senior Lecturer in Valuation

Sotiris Tsolacos Professor of Real Estate

Shipping, Trade and Finance

Amir Alizadeh Professor of Shipping Economics and Finance

Costas Grammenos Professor of Shipping, Trade and Finance, Founder and Head of International Centre for Shipping, Trade and Finance

Nikos Nomikos Professor of Shipping and Risk Management, and Course Director of MSc Shipping, Trade & Finance

Nikolaos Papapostolou Senior Lecturer in Shipping Finance

Panos Pouliasis Senior Lecturer in Energy/Commodities Finance

Michael Tamvakis Professor of Commodity Economics and Finance, and Course Director of MSc Energy, Trade and Finance

Forrest Capie Professor (Emeritus) of Economic History

Alec Chrystal Professor (Emeritus) of Money and Banking

David Citron Professor (Emeritus) of Accounting

Stewart Hodges Professor (Emeritus) of Finance

Mario Levis Professor (Emeritus) of Finance

Anthony Neuberger Professor of Finance

Geoffrey Wood Professor (Emeritus) of Economics

Facilities and resources

PhD students on the Executive Programme have access to the state of the art research infrastructure, computing equipment, and extensive library resources.

Bayes Business School offers access to a wide range of databases, including:

• Thomson Reuters EIKON
• Thomson One and many others.

Contact us and Find Bayes

Contact details.

+44 (0)20 7040 5030   [email protected]

Finsbury Square Building 33 Finsbury Square London, EC2A 1AG United Kingdom

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PhD in Financial Technology

Building on our established PhD in Management programme, we have developed an innovative new doctoral programme in the field of Financial Technology.

PhD in Financial Technology allows students to pursue their own research topic in the area of Financial Technology or apply for specific industry projects, where students will be able to address complex industrial challenges to gain real-world experience.

This programme aims to prepare students for a diverse array of careers in finance. Approximately 50% of students who pursue the industry pathway, can expect to build on the networking opportunities available to them from studying at the international partners' premises during their study and move into a permanent career in that company, or the industry after graduation.

PhD in Financial Technology at a glance

• Study over three years full-time or six years part-time, with an additional 'writing-up' year available to all.
• Develop advanced techniques and in-depth knowledge in the field of Financial Technology.
• Study an independent research topic or participate in fully funded opportunities working with leading industry partners.
• For those on the industry pathway, study both at the University of Edinburgh campus and at an industrial partner's location, with guidance from academic colleagues and industry specialists at all times.
• We encourage our students to aim higher, presenting papers at prestigious conferences and submitting articles for publication.
• Access to a wide range of professional and personal development opportunities during your studies.
• While we invite students from around the globe to join our community, we don't offer this programme online or by distance learning.

Entry requirements

Find out our academic, English language, and application requirements for the PhD in Financial Technology.

Programme overview

View the learning outcomes and a typical training course schedule for a first-year student.

Fees and living expenses

When budgeting please consider associated administration fees and expenses as well as our funding support.

Ready to apply?

Review our application checklist and make your application to the PhD in Financial Technology.

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Department of Banking & Finance

Today's world faces unprecedented challenges and complexities. The finance and banking industry is at the forefront of many of these challenges, which are both diverse and pressing, ranging from financial crises to digital transformation, economic slow-downs, cost-of-living crises, debt sustainability and climate change.

The Department of Banking and Finance has been set up to address many of these issues in a rigorous quantitative manner through both research and education. Our work is based on the use of complex, and often large datasets, the consideration of sophisticated but practical empirical methodologies, and on solid theoretical economic and financial underpinnings.

Areas of relevance include financial markets, central banks and other policy-making institutions. We also have broader interests, and some of our current work evaluates how we can use Big Data and Machine Learning to aid financial and economic analysis.

Our educational offerings are mainly postgraduate and focus on banking, asset pricing and data analytics. Applicability and an emphasis on providing skills for the rapidly innovating finance industry rare paramount. Our academics have strong links with the finance industry and policy makers as well as with a large number of individual finance professionals who provide their hands-on expertise for the benefit of our students.

MSc in Finance Analytics

The MSc in Finance Analytics helps prepare students for a career in the new world of finance. Recent technological advances mean that huge amounts of financial data are generated every second, fostering new challenges in terms of processing and analysing this data. Finance analytics aims to address these challenges. For example, it can be used to combine the great variety of structured and unstructured data, to filter information and gain valuable insights and to improve forecasts.

Our MSc teaches the fundamentals of finance analytics, focusing on recent developments and applications. It offers academic rigor as well as a unique practitioners’ view of these issues, looking, for example, at how to apply big data to risk management, fintech to banking, text analysis to forecasting, and automation to robo-trading. The programme has been developed in close collaboration with senior industry professionals, who are also involved with teaching several of our modules. Our main industry consultant is Dr Giles Spungin, Managing Director and Head of Enterprise Risk Analytics at Lloyds Banking Group.

MSc in Banking & Finance

The MSc in Banking & Finance is an innovative course designed to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the finance and banking industry. The course will equip students with essential research, analytical and critical thinking skills. Students will learn about a wide range of topics including the principles of investment analysis, financial derivatives, commercial and investment banking, quantitative financial analysis, and financial statement analysis.

As part of the course, we provide a cutting-edge offering to enhance students’ understanding of databases, software, programming and technology, including programs such as STATA, Matlab, R, Python, etc. In addition to a compulsory dissertation, further related modules are available to instill financial skills geared towards maximizing students’ employability.

MSc in Finance (Asset Pricing)

The MSc in Finance (Asset Pricing) is an innovative course designed to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the finance industry. The course is developed to combine academic rigor with financial practitioners’ views of finance. Students will learn a wide range of topics including principles of investments, quantitative techniques, asset pricing, financial markets and institutions and corporate finance.

As part of the course, we offer cutting-edge topics to enhance students understanding of databases, software, programming & technology, including program such as STATA, Matlab, R, Python, etc. In addition to a compulsory dissertation, students can choose from a range of other modules that will develop their financial skills and enhance their employability.

MSc in Financial Policy & Regulation

The MSc in Financial Policy and Regulation is designed to introduce students to cutting-edge theoretical and applied research in the fields of financial regulation and monetary policy, focusing, in particular, on data analytics methodologies. By completing this programme, students will gain an in-depth knowledge of the tools of central bank policy and financial regulation and develop the ability to analyse data effectively, using it for evidence-based decision making.

The programme is intended for those planning to pursue a career in finance, with an emphasis on careeer paths in policymaking and regulation, for example in central banks and financial supervision authorities. It targets students with an economics or finance background and some work experience in banking or financial regulation industries.

Online Programmes

Msc in global finance & banking (online).

The MSc in Global Finance & Banking (online) is a CFA-accredited programme that aims to equip students with a critical understanding of analytical methods. an understanding of quantitative (mathematical, statistical and econometric) techniques as they are adopted in the finance industry. the ability to apply core finance theory and reasoning to applied issues. the ability to understand verbal, mathematical, graphical, and econometric representation of financial ideas and arguments. the ability to assess the functioning of the UK and other countries’ financial and banking sectors. and the ability to use the appropriate techniques and econometric packages in order to analyse and interpret statistical data.

MSc in Global Finance Analytics (online)

The MSc in Global Finance Analytics (online) programme offers excellent provision in both theoretical and computational finance through programming. In particular, the programme seeks to provide a research-based and inellectually challenging education that is of practical relevance for financial/business analysts. The programme is driven by a combination of research, theoretical development and critical analysis, and practical application.

Our research in Banking and Finance focuses on the quantitative analysis of economic and financial phenomena. Members of the group have published in top journals in economics, finance, business, and statistics, such as the American Economic Review, Econometrica, the Journal of Finance, Journal of Economic Theory, Journal of Monetary Economics, the Journal of Econometrics, the Review of Financial Studies, Management Science, the Economic Journal and the Annals of Statistics.

Our research has practical implications for corporations, financial institutions, and policy makers, and many group members have been actively involved in policy advice and consulting projects for various central banks and international organizations.

The department regularly hosts a bi-weekly research seminar series for staff and PhD candidates .

The research of the group spans the following core themes:

• Financial Econometrics, Big Data and Data Analytics
• Banking and Macro-finance
• Sustainability, Diversity, and Inclusion in Finance

Our research projects include those looking at

• banking efficiency
• timely detection of financial crises
• forecasting financial and economic variables during financial crises
• the effects of monetary and macroprudential policies on the financial system and macroeconomy including unconventional policy in post-crisis periods
• interconnectedness across financial systems
• the statistical underpinnings of asset pricing and portfolio management in the presence of large datasets

Several of the faculty within the department are involved with Qatar Centre for Global Banking and Finance - a central-bank and financial-market focused research institute funded by Qatar Central Bank. The centre aims to develop cutting-edge research in areas related to policy frameworks under which central banks operate, new and emerging threats to economic stability, and the usage of novel data analytics techniques. In particular, there is a current emphasis on climate risks and how they manifest within the financial system.

We have close collaborations with central banks such as the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, providing them with expertise and modelling support in Macroeconomics, Data Analytics and Finance. In addition, we have close links with statistical agencies such as the Office of National Statistics and Eurostat, again providing expertise and modelling support.

We also collaborate with other schools. One example of such collaboration is with the Indian Institute of Management – Kozhikode (IIMK). As part of this initiative, we are offering a one-week residency program for postgraduate finance students from IIMK, hosting 40 students in Spring 2023. The department is leading this multi-year partnership with IIMK entailing academic collaborations in areas of research, education, and global impact.

Qatar Centre for Global Banking & Finance

The centre aims to develop cutting-edge research in areas related to policy frameworks under which…

Adedoyin A Adefarakan

PhD Student in Banking & Finance

David Aikman

Director of the Qatar Centre for Global Banking & Finance

Angie Andrikogiannopoulou

Reader in Banking and Finance

Anish Augustine

Teaching Fellow in Banking & Finance

Ylva Baeckström

Senior Lecturer in Finance

Richard Baillie

Professor of Banking & Finance

Gulmira Begalina

PhD Student in Banking and Finance

Rhys Michael Bidder

Deputy Director of the Qatar Centre for Global Banking & Finance

Giulio G Colazzo

Shulin Deng

Teaching Fellow in Banking and Finance

Ahmet Deryol

Marina Dolfin

Evangelos Drellias

Pre-Doctoral Researcher, Qatar Centre for Global Banking & Finance

Jón Egilsson

Affiliate Member of the Qatar Centre for Global Banking and Finance; Co-founder & chair of Monerium

PhD student in Banking & Finance

Swarali Havaldar

Pre-doctoral Researcher, Qatar Centre for Global Banking & Finance

Department Support Officer

George Kapetanios

Professor of Finance and Econometrics

Louisa Kontoghiorghes

Lecturer in Banking and Finance Education

Leone Leonida

Professor of Finance and Economics

Marc Lepere

Lead in ESG & Sustainability

Konstantinos Maratos

Professor of Finance

Simone Maso

Daniele Massacci

Reader in Data Analytics for Finance

Aditya Mori

Eleonora Muzzupappa

Senior Lecturer in Finance Education, Banking & Finance

Gulcin Ozkan

Dimitris Papadimitriou

Lecturer in Finance

Fotis Papailias

Senior Lecturer in Banking and Finance

Filippos Papakonstantinou

Chetun Patel

Aristeidis Raftapostolos

Abhinaba Saha

PhD student in Banking and Finance

Luca Taschini

Senior Research Consultant, Climate Finance

Percy Venegas

Alexia Ventouri

Reader (Associate Professor) in Banking and Finance

Yanqing Wang

Huiyan Xiao

Zining Yuan

Paul Anthony Zaman

Executive Fellow, King's Business School

Shunshun Zhang

Stylianos Zlatanos

A climate finance policy playbook for the new uk government.

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Modelling with Big Data and Machine Learning

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Banking and finance law llm.

Part of: Law and Economics and Finance

The Banking and Finance Law LLM provides a thorough grounding in the fundamental principles of international finance and financial services law, covering local and international developments from both practical and policy perspectives. From financial regulation, corporate finance, and mergers and acquisitions, to online banking and fintech, you can choose from a wide selection of modules.

• Cover a wide range of regulatory and transactional areas, including monetary law, banking law, securities regulation, corporate finance, restructuring and insolvency, central banking and international finance law
• Study with academics who are engaged in current banking and finance policy making and legal regulatory reforms and practitioners undertaking cutting edge transactional work
• Follow modules developed in the light of recent new regulations and developments, such as ethics in business and finance, digitalization, regulation of crypto assets and FinTech, sustainability and climate change
• Attend our seminar series, featuring prominent figures from the legal profession, industry, international organizations and academia
• Your fellow students will come from the UK and more than 80 other countries around the World, each able to draw on prior academic and professional experience from different jurisdictions

Study options

• Full-time September 2025 | 1 year

What you'll study

You will study all aspects of the regulation of financial markets, and cover a wide variety of aspects of financial and banking law. You will consider aspects of corporate governance and responsibility and the laws of economic crime. Please note that not all modules will be available in any one year.

You will be offered a varied selection of taught modules from which you can choose, enabling you to gear your qualification to set you on your desired career trajectory. You do not have to choose your modules until you have had the opportunity to learn about them in greater detail during your comprehensive induction period.

Topics you can cover include regulatory and transactional areas, including monetary law, banking law, capital markets and securities regulation, corporate finance, restructuring and insolvency, central banking and international finance law including developments, such as ethics in business and finance, digitalization, regulation of crypto assets and FinTech, special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs), sustainability and climate change.

Learn more about Queen Mary's expertise in banking and finance law [PDF 1,621KB] .

You will have voluntary access to an excellent series of lectures in  Critical Thinking and Writing in Law to help you to improve your writing and research in law skills.

We only allow one application from our range of LLM programmes so please ensure you apply for your main programme of interest. Please note you can request to change programme at offer stage via your MYSIS admissions portal and also request this after enrolment via the School of Law Taught Programme office.

Join  the Queen Mary Network  and speak to our community about this programme.

You will need to complete 180 credits in total:

Full year programme:

• 180 credits of taught modules (this can include a 30 credits elective dissertation)

Please see the academic year plan for an idea of the structure of the programme and key periods of assessment.

Postgraduate Open Event

Join us online for our next Postgraduate Open Event on Thursday 24 October 2024 where you can find out more about student life and study at Queen Mary.

View the full list of modules available on this programme .

• You will be assessed by a range of methods combining examinations and coursework which will be fully explained in your student pack available during induction.
• For any elective dissertation, you will undertake self-directed research and writing with the support of an allocated supervisor.

Read our  FAQs for more information about applying to us .

Dissertation

You can opt to complete an elective dissertation worth 30 credits.

The beauty of the programme is the fact that I have been able to combine modules across specialisms... I have decided to undertake a module in competition law in my third semester, as I believe it will enhance the grounding in M&As that I am currently gaining in another module. — Roy Kiruri, Banking and Finance Law LLM (2022)

You will be taught by a mixture of formal lectures and small group seminars. The seminars are designed to generate informed discussion around set topics, and may involve student presentations and group exercises as well as open discussion.

You will have a team of advisers to support you, including the LLM and Programme Academic Directors, your module convenors and, for an elective dissertation, your dissertation supervisor.

Professor Peter Alldridge

LLB (Lond), LLM (Wales)

Professor Alldridge has served as a Specialist Adviser to joint Parliamentary Committees and is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences. He has published widely in the areas of criminal law, evidence, legal education, law and information technology, medical law, and law and disability.

Dr Andromachi Georgosouli

PhD and LLM (CCLS, Queen Mary University of London); LLB (Democritus University of Thrace, Greece)

Dr Georgosouli’s research is policy-oriented and focuses on institutional and legal aspects of financial crisis prevention and management. She is the co-editor of Systemic Risk and the Future of Insurance Regulation (Routledge/INFORMA, Lloyd’s Insurance Law Library series).

Professor Miriam Goldby

BA LLD (Malta) LLM (LSE) PhD (UCL)

Dr Miriam Goldby is Professor of Shipping, Insurance and Commercial Law. She authored Electronic Documents in Maritime Trade: Law and Practice (OUP), and has published extensively in the fields of shipping, insurance and financial law.

Professor Ioannis Kokkoris

BA Economics (Essex), MPhil Economics (Cambridge) LLM (Warwick), PhD (Kings College London)

Professor Kokkoris is Vice Chairman of the Institute of Studies in Competition Law and Policy. His main research interests are in law and economics, comparative competition law/economics and policy focusing on EU, China and ASEAN, as well as intellectual property, and financial regulation.

Professor Rosa María Lastra

Professor Lastra’s research concerns financial law and regulation, central banking, international banking, international monetary law, law reform in emerging economies, law and economics, EU financial law, commercial law, banking law, sovereign debt, international economic law and bank resolution.

Professor Rodrigo Olivares-Caminal

LLB (Bue), LLM (Warwick) and PhD (London)

Professor Olivares-Caminal specialises in international finance and insolvency law. He has acted as a consultant to central banks and sovereign states. He is the author/editor of seven books and has extensively published in peer-reviewed journals.

Dr Costanza Russo

Dr Russo practiced corporate and commercial law as a solicitor in Italy. Her expertise includes cross border bank insolvency, international banking regulation and finance, company law, CSR and business ethics. She has extensively presented and written in academic and practitioners’ journals.

Professor George Walker

BA, LLB (Glas), DAES (Bruges), LLM (Lond), PHD (Lond), DPHIL (Oxon), PhD (Cantab)

Professor Walker is a barrister and is author of the leading reference texts International Banking Regulation – Law, Policy and Practice (Kluwer, 2001) and European Banking Law – Policy and Programme Construction (British Institute of International Comparative and Commercial Law (BICCL) 2006).

Where you'll learn

• Free access to online databases and collections including: LexisNexis, Westlaw, Justis, Eur-lex, Hein-Online and many more
• The Postgraduate School of Law Centre in Lincoln's Inn Fields and the Graduate Centre at Mile End
• Queen Mary’s excellent Law Library and European Documentation Centre
• Access to the University of London’s Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) and the Library at Senate House

Teaching is primarily based at the School of Law's postgraduate centre, the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS), located in  Lincoln's Inn Fields . This area is home to numerous barristers’ chambers and law firms and is a short walk from the Royal Courts of Justice. Our academics and students interact with leading legal professionals, many of whom regularly teach and take part in our seminars and conferences. 

Depending on the modules you choose, you may also have classes at the  Mile End Campus  or at one of the Queen Mary campus locations (Charterhouse Square or West Smithfield).

Administration for this programme is based at Lincoln's Inn fields.

About the School

The school of law.

The School of Law is part of Queen Mary University of London, a member of both the University of London and the  Russell Group.   The School was ranked 7th in the UK and 32nd in the world by QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023 , and 10th in the UK  and 50th in world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 by subject .

The School of Law has consistently been ranked in the top 10 law schools in the UK for the quality of our research and teaching, and many of our internationally recognised staff act as advisers to governments, industry and NGOs, both nationally and internationally.

The School's central focus is on the role of law and its institutions in contemporary international society. The School of Law is divided into two organisational units: the Department of Law and the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS). The School of Law hosts the largest and most diverse LLM programme in the UK.

School of Law

• Tel: +44 (0)20 7882 8223

Career paths

This programme will enhance your career options by allowing you to specialise in the highly sought after interdisciplinary areas of law, economics and finance. We have specialist career advisers who organise events and assist with finding internship opportunities at UK and international law firms and other employers.

Graduates of the LLM have gone on to work as:

• Lawyers in law firms such as Linklaters, Baker McKenzie, and Clifford Chance
• Policymakers at a wide variety of institutions such as the European Central Bank and the Financial Conduct Authority
• Legal officers and analysts at financial institutions such as Lloyds and Barclays

After graduating from Queen Mary, you join our network of alumni from over 100 countries , and get access to exclusive benefits and networking opportunities.

The curriculum emphasized practical applications of the law, which proved to be an immense asset in pursuing a legal career. The faculty and mentors here are experts in their fields and have significantly contributed to my professional growth. — Shivam Padale, Banking and Finance Law LLM (2023)

Fees and funding

Fees will be announced in September 2024

There are a number of ways you can fund your postgraduate degree.

School of Law scholarships

The School of Law offers a range of scholarships for Law Masters programmes each year, including the new School of Law Postgraduate Scholarships . Full details are made available on the law funding page from October – November each year.

Other sources of funding

• Scholarships and bursaries
• Postgraduate loans (UK students)
• Country-specific scholarships for international students

Our Advice and Counselling service offers specialist support on financial issues, which you can access as soon as you apply for a place at Queen Mary. Before you apply, you can access our funding guides and advice on managing your money:

• Advice for UK and EU students
• Advice for international students

Entry requirements

Degree requirements.

Law graduates with a 2:2 honours degree who also have other legal qualifications and/or substantial professional legal experience may also qualify.

Other routes

Non-law graduates with a minimum second class honours degree, that have also obtained a Merit (or 60 per cent) in the Common Professional Examination (CPE) or Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL) recognised by the UK professional bodies, may also qualify. Non-law graduates may also be considered on the basis of exceptional professional experience (of at least five years) in a legal area or an area directly related to their programme of study.

Find out more about how to apply for our postgraduate taught courses.

International

Afghanistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Albania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Algeria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome de [subject area]; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; Diplome de Docteur end Pharmacie; or Diplome de Docteur en Medecine from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Angola We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 15 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 13 out of 20

Argentina We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo/ Grado de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Armenia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 87 out of 100 UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100 UK 2:2 degree: 61 out of 100

Australia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: High Distinction; or First Class with Honours UK 2:1 degree: Distinction; or Upper Second Class with Honours UK 2:2 degree: Credit; or Lower Second Class with Honours

Austria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest.

Azerbaijan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.5 out of 5

Bahamas We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bahrain We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 90 out of 100 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 80 out of 100 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 out of 4.0; or 74 out of 100

Bangladesh We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.2 to 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 to 2.7 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide. 

Barbados We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from the University of West Indies, Cave Hill or Barbados Community College. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours*; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0** UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours*; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0** UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours*; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0**

*relates to: the University of West Indies, Cave Hill.

**relates to: Barbados Community College.

Belarus We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10; or 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 10; or 3.5 out of 5

Belgium We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% or 16/20*; or 78%** UK 2:1 degree: 70% or 14/20*; or 72%** UK 2:2 degree: 60% or 12/20*; or 65%**

*Flanders (Dutch-speaking)/ Wallonia (French-speaking) **German-speaking

Belize We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Benin We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maitrise or Masters from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Bolivia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario or Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%* or 80%** UK 2:1 degree: 75%* or 70%** UK 2:2 degree: 65%* or 60%**

*relates to: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario

**relates to: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] 

Bosnia and Herzegovina We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Botswana We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 5 years) or Master Degree from the University of Botswana. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Brazil We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Título de Bacharel / Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

The above grades assumes that the grading scale has a pass mark of 5.

Brunei We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bulgaria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 5.75 out of 6.0 UK 2:1 degree: 4.75 out of 6.0 UK 2:2 degree: 4.0 out of 6.0

Burundi We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 12 out of 20

Cambodia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.35 out of 4.0

Cameroon We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce; Diplome d'Ingenieur de Conception/ Travaux; Doctorat en Medecine/ Pharmacie; or Maitrise or Master 1 from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Canada We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Chile We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 6.5 out of 7 UK 2:1 degree: 5.5 out of 7 UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 7

China We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85 to 95% UK 2:1 degree: 75 to 85% UK 2:2 degree: 70 to 80%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  

Colombia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.60 out of 5.00 UK 2:1 degree: 4.00 out of 5.00 UK 2:2 degree: 3.50 out of 5.00

Congo, Dem. Rep. of We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies or Diplome d'Etudes Speciales from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or 90% UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or 80% UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or 70%

Congo, Rep. of We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Superieures or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Costa Rica We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachiller or Licenciado from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Croatia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education Level VII/1 (Diploma - Visoko obrazovanje) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3 out of 5

Cuba We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Arquitecto/ Doctor/ Ingeniero from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Cyprus We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Czech Republic We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 1.2 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 1.5 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 4 is the lowest.

Denmark We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 12 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 11 out of 13 (before 2007) UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 8 out of 13 (before 2007) UK 2:2 degree: 4 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 7 out of 13 (before 2007)

Dominican Republic We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 95/100 UK 2:1 degree: 85/100 UK 2:2 degree: 78/100

Ecuador We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 9/10; or 19/20; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 8/10; or 18/20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 7/10; or 14/20; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Egypt We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or GPA 2.5 out of 4

El Salvador We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 5 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Eritrea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Estonia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; University Specialist's Diploma; or Professional Higher Education Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 2 out of 5

The above grades assumes that 1 is the pass mark. 

Eswatini We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Ethiopia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Fiji We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from one of the following institutions: Fiji National University, the University of Fiji, or the University of South Pacific, Fiji. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0*; or overall grade A with High Distinction pass**; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.5*** UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade B with Credit pass**; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.5*** UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade S (Satisfactory)**; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.5***

*relates to Fiji National University

**relate to the University of Fiji

***relates to the University of South Pacific, Fiji

Finland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree/ Kandidaatti/ Kandidat (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution; or Bachelor degree (Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto/ Yrkeshögskoleexamen) from a recognised University of Applied Sciences. UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5; or 2.8 out of 3 UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or 2 out of 3 UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 5; or 1.4 out of 3

France We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Grade de Licence; Diplome d'Ingenieur; or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 12 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Gambia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3 UK 2:1 degree: 67%; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.7 out of 4.3

Georgia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 91 out of 100; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 81 out of 100; or 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 71 out of 100; or 3.5 out of 5

Germany We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

Ghana We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class UK 2:1 degree: Second Class (Upper Division) UK 2:2 degree: Second Class (Lower Division)

Greece We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Degrees from recognised selected institutions in the University sector or Degrees (awarded after 2003) from recognised Technological Educational Institutes. UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10*; or 9 out of 10** UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10*; or 7.5 out of 10** UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10*; or 6.8 out of 10**

*Relates to degrees from the University Sector. **Relates to degrees from Technological Educational Institutes.

Grenada We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Guatemala We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% UK 2:1 degree: 80% UK 2:2 degree: 70%

The above grades assumes that the pass mark is 61% or less.

Guinea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master; Maitrise; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; or Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Guyana We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Graduate Diploma (Postgraduate) or Masters degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Honduras We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/a / Grado Academico de Licenciatura (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Hong Kong We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Hungary We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Alapfokozat) or University Diploma (Egyetemi Oklevel) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.75 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Iceland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Baccalaureus or Bakkalarprof) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.25 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

India We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 75% to 80% UK 2:1 degree: 60% to 70% UK 2:2 degree: 50% to 60%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.  

For India, offers may be made on the GPA scale.

We do not consider the Bachelor of Vocation (B. Voc.) for Masters entry.

Indonesia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Sarjna I (S1) Bachelor Degree or Diploma IV (D4) (minimum 4 years) from selected degree programmes and institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 to 3.8 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 to 2.8 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from and the degree that you study.

Iran We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 17.5 to 18.5 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 15 to 16 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 13.5 to 14 out of 20

Iraq We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85 out of 100 UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100 UK 2:2 degree: 60 out of 100

Ireland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Honours Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Grade I UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Grade II

Israel We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% UK 2:1 degree: 80% UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Italy We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Laurea (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 110 out of 110 UK 2:1 degree: 105 out of 110 UK 2:2 degree: 94 out of 110

Cote D’ivoire (Ivory Coast) We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ingenieur; Doctorat en Medicine; Maitrise; Master; Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies; or Diplome d'Etudes Superieures Specialisees from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Jamaica We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies (UWI) or a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the UWI UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the UWI UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the UWI

Japan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: S overall* or A overall**; or 90%; or GPA 3.70 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: A overall* or B overall**; or 80%; or GPA 3.00 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: B overall* or C overall**; or 70%; or GPA 2.3 out of 4.00

*Overall mark is from the grading scale: S, A, B, C (S is highest mark) **Overall mark is from the grading scale: A, B, C, D (A is highest mark)

Jordan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA of 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA of 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA of 2.5 out of 4.0

Kazakhstan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 3.8 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 3.33 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 2.67 out of 4.0/4.33; or 3.5 out of 5

Kenya We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Upper Division; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Lower Division; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Kosovo We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Kuwait We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.67 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 out of 4.0

Kyrgyzstan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Laos We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Latvia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded after 2002) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

Lebanon We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% or Grade A; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 16 out of 20 (French system) UK 2:1 degree: 80% or Grade B; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 13 out of 20 (French system) UK 2:2 degree: 70% or Grade C; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0; or 12 out of 20 (French system)

Lesotho We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 5 years total HE study); Masters Degree or Postgraduate Diploma from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Liberia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Libya We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 3.7 out of 4.0 GPA UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 3.0 out of 4.0 GPA UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or 2.6 out of 4.0 GPA

Liechtenstein We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 5.6 out of 6.0 UK 2:1 degree: 5.0 out of 6.0 UK 2:2 degree: 4.4 out of 6.0

Lithuania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Luxembourg We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Macau We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Licenciatura) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Macedonia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Higher Education - Level VII/1 or Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Madagascar We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Diplome d'Ingenieur; Diplôme d'Etat de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d’Etat de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies; Diplôme de Magistère (Première Partie) – also known as Master 1; or Diplôme de Master – also known as Master 2 from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Malawi We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Malaysia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Class 1; or 3.7 out of 4.0 CGPA UK 2:1 degree: Class 2 division 1; or 3.0 out of 4.0 CGPA UK 2:2 degree: Class 2 division 2; or 2.6 out of 4.0 CGPA

Maldives We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded from 2000) from the Maldives National University. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Malta We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or Category I UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours; or Category IIA UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or Category IIB

Mauritius We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Class I; or 70% UK 2:1 degree: Class II division I; or 60% UK 2:2 degree: Class II division II; or 50%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale used by your institution.

Mexico We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Profesional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.0 to 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 to 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 to 7.5 out of 10

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale your institution uses.

Moldova We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Diploma de Licenta) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Monaco We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Mongolia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0; or 90%; or grade A UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0; or 80%; or grade B UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.8 out of 4.0; or 70%; or grade C

Montenegro We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Academic Undergraduate Studies; Diploma of Professional Undergraduate Studies; or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Morocco We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ecoles Nationales de Commerce et de Gestion; Diplome de Docteur Veterinaire; Doctorat en Medecine; Docteur en Medecine Dentaire; Licence; Diplome d'Inegeniuer d'Etat; Diplome de Doctorat en Pharmacie; or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Mozambique We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado (minimum 4 years) or Grau de Mestre from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Myanmar We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA of 4.7 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA of 4.0 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA of 3.5 out of 5.0

Namibia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree or Professional Bachelor Degree (NQF level 8 qualifications) - these to be awarded after 2008 from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Nepal We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA of 2.4 out of 4.0

Bachelor in Nursing Science are not considered equivalent to UK Bachelor degrees.

Netherlands We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

New Zealand We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: A-*; or First Class Honours** UK 2:1 degree: B*; or Second Class (Division 1) Honours** UK 2:2 degree: C+*; or Second Class (Division 2) Honours**

*from a Bachelor degree **from a Bachelor Honours degree

Nigeria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 6.0 out of 7.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 4.6 out of 7.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.80 out of 5.00; or GPA 3.0 out of 7.0

Norway We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS (of 180 ECTS min overall) at grade A or above. UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade

Oman We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Pakistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.8 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.6 to 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.0 to 3.0 out of 4.0

Palestine, State of We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Panama We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 91% UK 2:1 degree: 81% UK 2:2 degree: 71%

Papua New Guinea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Class I UK 2:1 degree: Class II, division A UK 2:2 degree: Class II, division B

Paraguay We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [professional title] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out fo 5

Peru We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado Academico de Bachiller or Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Philippines We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions or Juris Doctor; Bachelor of Laws; Doctor of Medicine; Doctor of Dentistry/ Optometry/ Veterinary Medicine; or Masters Degree from recognised institutions. UK 1st class degree: 3.6 out of 4.0; or 94%; or 1.25 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 3.0 out of 4.0; or 86%; or 1.75 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4.0; or 80%; or 2.5 out of 5

The above 'out of 5' scale assumes  1 is highest mark and 3 is the pass mark.

Poland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licencjat or Inzynier (minimum 3 years) - these must be awarded after 2001 from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.8 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 4.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 3.8 out of 5.0

The above grades are based on the 2 to 5 scale, where 3 is the pass mark and 5 is the highest mark.

Portugal We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado (minimum 180 ECTS credits) or Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Puerto Rico We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90/100 or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80/100 or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70/100 or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Qatar We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or GPA 4.4 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or GPA 2.8 out of 5.0

Romania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.75 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 out of 10

Russia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Rwanda We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 17 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or 15 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 13 out of 20

Saudi Arabia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.75 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Senegal We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Master II; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies (DEA); Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Specialisées (DESS); Diplôme d'État de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d'Ingénieur; Diplôme de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; or Diplôme de Pharmacien from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16/20 UK 2:1 degree: 14/20 UK 2:2 degree: 12/20

Serbia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Sierra Leone We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Honours) or a Masters degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class honours; or GPA 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.75 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class honours; or GPA 4 out of 5; or GPA 3.25 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or GPA 3.4 out of 5; or GPA 2.75 out of 4

Singapore We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.8 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Slovakia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 93%; or 1 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark) UK 2:1 degree: 86%; or 1.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark) UK 2:2 degree: 72%; or 2.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark)

Slovenia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Univerzitetni Diplomant (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Somalia Bachelor degrees from Somalia are not considered for direct entry to our postgraduate taught programmes. Holders of Bachelor degrees from Somali National University can be considered for our Pre-Masters programmes on a case by case basis.

South Africa We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: NQF Level 8 qualifications such as Bachelor Honours degrees or Professional Bachelor degrees from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 75% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

South Korea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.2 out of 4.5; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.5; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.5; or GPA 2.8 out of 4.3; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Spain We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo Universitario Oficial de Graduado en [subject area] (Grado) or Titulo Universitario Oficial de Licenciado en [subject area] (Licenciatura) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or 2.5 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or 2.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or 1.5 out of 4.0

Sri Lanka We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Special or Honours) or Bachelor Degree (Professional) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Sudan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution or Bachelor degree in one of the following Professional subjects: Architecture; Dentistry; Engineering; Medicine/Surgery from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 65% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Sweden We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Kandidatexamen) or Professional Bachelor Degree (Yrkesexamenfrom) (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS at grade A or above (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 65% of credits graded at VG overall UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall.

Switzerland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 5.5 out of 6; or 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 5 out of 6; or 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 4.25 out of 6; or 7 out of 10

Syria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85% UK 2:1 degree: 75% UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Taiwan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85 to 90% UK 2:1 degree: 70 to 75% UK 2:2 degree: 65 to 70%

Tajikistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Specialist Diploma or Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Tanzania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 5.0

Thailand We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 to 3.20 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.40 to 2.60 out of 4.00

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Trinidad and Tobago We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the University of West Indies UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies

Tunisia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome National d'Architecture; Maitrise; Diplome National d'Ingeniuer; or Doctorat en Medecine / Veterinaire from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Turkey We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.80 to 3.00 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.30 to 2.50 out of 4.00

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.60 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.50 out of 4.00

Turkmenistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Diploma of Higher Education (awarded after 2007) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Turks and Caicos Islands We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (accredited by the Council of Community Colleges of Jamaica) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 80% UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 4.0; or 75% UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 4.0; or 65%

Uganda We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0

Ukraine We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 10 out of 12; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 12; or 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 12; or 3.5 out of 5

United Arab Emirates We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

United States of America We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Uruguay We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 10 to 11 out of 12 UK 2:1 degree: 7 to 9 out of 12 UK 2:2 degree: 6 to 7 out of 12

Uzbekistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 71%; or 3.5 out of 5

Venezuela We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 81% UK 2:1 degree: 71% UK 2:2 degree: 61%

Non-percentage grading scales, for example scales out of 20, 10, 9 or 5, will have different requirements. 

Vietnam We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.7 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 5.7 out of 10; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Yemen We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters (Majister) degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% UK 2:1 degree: 80% UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Bachelor Degrees from Lebanese International University (in Yemen) can be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes - please see Lebanon for guidance on grade requirements for this.

Zambia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 75%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Zimbabwe We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 75% UK 2:1 degree: 65% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

English language requirements

If you got your degree in an English speaking country or if it was taught in English, and you studied within the last five years, you might not need an English language qualification - find out more .

The minimum English Language requirements for entry to postgraduate degree programmes within the School Law are:

7.0   overall  including 7.0 in Writing, and 5.5 in Reading, Listening and Speaking.

100   overall  including 27 in Writing, 18 in Reading, 17 in Listening and 20 in Speaking.

76  overall  including 76in Writing, and 59 in Reading, Listening and Speaking. 

Trinity College London, Integrated Skills in English (ISE) III with a minimum of  Merit  in Writing, Reading, Listening and Speaking.

185 overall including  185  in Writing, and 162 in Reading, Listening and Speaking.

Visas and immigration

Find out how to apply for a student visa .

Postgraduate Admissions

• Durham University
• Student Gateway
• Staff Gateway

Finance (Financial Technology and Banking)

• September 2025
• September 2024

1 year full-time

Durham City

Course details

The MSc in Finance (Financial Technology and Banking) focuses on a highly specialised sector of finance that is involved every day in the lives of people and in the decisions and directions taken by businesses and organisations across the globe. It will equip you with the skills and knowledge to work successfully in this vitally important area of finance.

You will learn how to apply state-of-the art analytical skills, technical skills, and research techniques to financial scenarios in a teaching environment that is challenging and rewarding. Learning is designed to reflect our core values of fairness in how we experience the financial world and equality of access to financial services. Leading global financial institutions and businesses and prestigious PhD research programmes all look for such knowledge and experience.

The 12-month full-time course comprises a combination of core and optional modules, culminating in a practice-based business project or a research-based dissertation depending on the learning direction you choose.

Through a blend of lectures, seminars, and practical work, you will study an up-to-date range of modules including financial technologies, bank management, specialist finance software, banking and financial intermediation and econometric methods.

The course has partnership status with the Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA), the leading global association for investment professionals and the accepted benchmark around the world for technical excellence in financial markets.

The School has made a significant investment in database resources, giving you access to live and historical data from providers including Bloomberg, Capital IQ, Thomson Reuters, DataStream and Orbis. These state-of-the-art databases give you the opportunity to interrogate the financial records of millions of companies worldwide and add valuable insight to your research.

By joining us, you will experience teaching by passionate and dedicated academics who are committed to the study of finance and how it interacts with the everyday lives of individuals and its role within global institutions. Having completed the course, you will be equipped to enjoy a successful career working or researching in finance, banking, or a related discipline.

World-class Business Education

11th (UK) 39th (Europe) 66th (Global) - QS World University Rankings: Masters in Finance 2024

Course structure

Core modules:.

Financial Technologies features the software, hardware, and innovative algorithmic technologies typically employed by and in financial innovation and is a platform for you to develop further skills in this area. The module provides a comprehensive introduction to FinTech, it is created for management and deployment roles rather than software developers or engineers and you will complete it having gained technical, social and economic understandings of financial technologies with a comprehensive knowledge of key concepts and innovations.

Advanced Financial Technologies uses examples and case studies based on real financial innovation scenarios and is focused on how financial technologies are built and implemented in practice. This is a practical module that teaches skills related to financial technologies and infrastructures. You will develop a technical and practical understanding of financial technologies and will be able to analyse data from and implement simple designs of financial market infrastructure using programming languages such as Python or Solidity.

Bank Management develops your knowledge of key concepts and issues in banking related to the management of lending processes, bank funding structure, liquidity and risk management, and performance measurement. You will also develop a critical understanding and appreciation of current theoretical and empirical research in banking and its applications to professional practice in financial services.

Python for Finance explores general principles and specific techniques of programming in the Python software and its applications in finance, including portfolio management, algorithmic trading, risk management and asset pricing. You will learn to use Python packages for financial data analysis and solving problems in the above-mentioned fields in finance.

Banking and Financial Intermediation teaches the key concepts and issues in financial intermediation related to the specificities of banking firms, financial stability and regulation. By the end of the module you will have developed an understanding of current theoretical and empirical research in financial intermediation and banking and its relevance to contemporary banking issues.

Econometric Methods develops the econometric skills necessary for empirical research in economics and/or finance as well as the ability to understand more advanced econometric techniques that will be taught in the second term of the MSc.

The Dissertation , on a finance topic of your choice, develops your ability to plan and manage your own learning. It provides an opportunity to conduct an in-depth investigation at an advanced level and present your findings and conclusions. To add a further international dimension to the course you can apply for the international route where you undertake research abroad at a partner university. There is also the option to develop a more applied business project in conjunction with an appropriate organisation.

In recent years, optional modules have included:

• Advanced Financial Theory
• Behavioural and Neurofinance
• Climate Finance
• Corporate Finance
• Derivative Markets
• Financial Modelling and Business Forecasting
• Financial Risk Management
• Fintech Regulations
• International Financial Economics
• International Study Tour
• Islamic Banking and Finance
• Islamic Capital Markets
• Islamic Law and Financial Transactions
• Market Microstructure
• Mergers and Acquisitions and Corporate Restructuring
• Portfolio Management
• Security Analysis
• A language module

Careers and employability

The fast-moving field of financial technology and banking is a stimulating and, at times, challenging choice of career that brings with it a wealth of rewards. We have a support structure in place that will help you secure a future in this popular sector.

Our global links with more than 380 partners in 68 industry sectors across the world benefits the University, its students, and partners alike. This network is not only vital in maintaining our reputation as a business school that shapes innovative researchers and alumni who have made a significant contribution in the finance sector, it also opens up potential employment opportunities for our graduates.

The Business School holds a careers weekend and career insight events featuring experts in their fields, and we will ensure you get the most out of your participation in business projects and placements and in any international opportunities.

This course will prepare you for a stimulating career in a competitive sector anywhere in the world, underpinned by our core values of equality of access to financial services and fairness in how we experience the financial world.

Take a look at some of the roles taken up by recent finance graduates from the Business School:

• Associate at PwC
• Tax Consultant at KPMG
• Auditor at Deloitte
• Market Risk Analyst at Bangkok Bank
• Consultant at EY
• Management Trainee at the Chinese Construction Bank

Scholarships

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Come and Meet Us

The Durham Student

What Our Students Say

Learning is delivered through lectures, some given by guest speakers, in seminars, practical sessions and in extracurricular activities. Seminars will see you working in a smaller group to discuss lecture topics and debate and solve issues raised. Practical work comprises medium-sized group sessions, in which you can practise computer software, applying topics from lectures and seminars.

You will undertake a combination of core and optional modules which will enable you to carry out in-depth study of particular topics. You will also complete an independent 12,000-word dissertation.

Typically, you will attend 10 hours per week of lectures in the first term, nine hours per week of lectures in the second term and undertake a one-hour seminar per module every two weeks.

Pre-sessional modules in accounting, economics, and mathematics and statistics, are offered in September and October in the form of five lectures and five seminars per module.

Assessment on this course is rigorous and carried out through exams in January, May and June, a range of assignments and a 12,000-word dissertation in which you carry out independent research and develop your analysis skills.

Outside of timetabled contact hours, you will be expected to undertake your own independent study in preparation for exams, seminars, assignments, and other forms of assessment as well as general background reading in order to broaden your subject knowledge.

Entry requirements

Application deadlines.

The application process opens 1 October 2024 for Masters programmes commencing 2025

We aim to have a diverse student body and recognise that we can only offer places to a finite number of applicants. To help achieve our aim, we look to ensure we offer places to applicants from all nationalities and close applications when we receive the allocated numbers.

The University is under no obligation to make any offer of a place on the programme to any applicant, nor is the University obligated to fill all spaces available on the programme.

The Masters in Finance programme is designed for new or recent graduates. Certain routes within the Masters in Finance programme may also be of interest to those who already have practical experience in the field of finance. Prospective candidates must hold qualifications equivalent to a UK first or upper second-class honours degree in any discipline. Applicants are also expected to have strong quantitative skills for the programme, which includes fundamental concepts of calculus and statistics. Therefore, having studied a relevant mathematics/quantitative module at university level or a minimum of A level Mathematics (or its equivalent) is a prerequisite for prospective candidates.

For applicants whose first language is not English: a minimum score of 6.5 in IELTS, with no element below 6.0; or a minimum score of 92 in TOEFL, with no element below 23; or an equivalent qualification.

How do I apply?

You will need to complete an online application form.

Please note you can only apply for one Masters in Finance programme.

>> Fill out the online application form

To support your online application form, you will need to provide the following documents.

• Official transcript of marks
• Copy of degree certificate (if available)
• Copy of English test results (if available).

You can either upload your supporting documents with your online application or email or fax them to the Postgraduate Admissions Office using the contact details below.

Note Only files of type .doc, .docx, .gif, .jpg, .pdf, .png, .rtf are permitted to be uploaded.The maximum file size is 5MB.

Application fee

Once we receive your online application form, you’ll get an automatic email within 48 hours asking you to pay the £60 application fee* which is required to progress your application.

You’ll need to follow the link in the email to the webpage where you can confirm your details and make the payment using a debit or credit card. This is a secure website operated by Secpay, which will send you an automatic receipt of payment.

Once we receive confirmation that your application fee has been paid, we’ll be able to progress your application. If you do not pay the application fee your application will be automatically withdrawn.

*Please note you will only be able to make a payment for one programme in each suite i.e. one MSc Finance programme, one MSc Management programme, one MSc Economics programme.

College membership

All students of Durham University will become a member of one of our Colleges. Here is more information about what college membership means to our students . Once you have accepted your postgraduate offer, the Accommodation and Allocations Office will contact you with further information regarding how to express college preferences. You can also apply for college accommodation, if you wish to.

Here are the steps in the admissions process:

• We will let you know when we’ve received your application.
• Once we’ve received all of your supporting documents, we will email you to let you know our decision.
• If the decision is to make you an offer of a place on the programme we will let you know by email. Please note we do not issue hard copy offer letters as these are not required to obtain a student visa.
• You should confirm acceptance of your offer as soon as possible. In order to secure your place, you are required to pay a deposit within six weeks of the date of your original offer (check your offer documents for details of payment methods).
• International students requiring a student visa will receive a CAS (Certificate of Acceptance of Studies) via email once all offer conditions are met, acceptance and deposit have been received and you are within five months of the start date of your programme.

English language requirements

Fees and funding

The tuition fees for 2025/26 academic year have not yet been finalised, they will be displayed here once approved.

The tuition fees shown are for one complete academic year of full time study, are set according to the academic year of entry, and remain the same throughout the duration of the programme for that cohort (unless otherwise stated) .

Please also check costs for colleges and accommodation .

We are committed to supporting the best students irrespective of financial circumstances and are delighted to offer a range of funding opportunities. 

Career opportunities

Business school, department information.

Start your application now.

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• Frequently Asked Questions

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Durham Business School Postgraduate Events

• Date: 01/09/2023 - 31/08/2024
• Time: 09:00 - 17:00

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• Time: 09:00 - 16:00

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International Banking and Corporate Law LLM

Postgraduate taught degree

This course is for 2025/26 entry.

Key information

Develop an understanding of this specialist area of the law through a combination of in-depth scholarship, awareness of legal practice, practitioner contact and real-world insights. This combination of elements makes the programme suitable for those seeking to develop their academic understanding of this area of law, and also for those looking for knowledge to support their career development.

Choose from multiple start dates

• September 2025
• January 2026

City, University of London

Northampton Square

• Online sessions
• Open evening
• Register interest

Study on campus in London or online.

A unique selection of modern international banking and finance law modules relevant in a constantly evolving financial world.

September and January start.

• Course overview

Teaching and assessment

Fees and funding, how to apply, international banking and corporate law llm course overview, benefits of this course.

This degree is subject to approval

Your learning will cover a wide range of distinct yet related subjects within the field of international banking and corporate law.

Our selection of modules covers a diverse range of areas including corporate finance, international investment, project finance and money laundering.

We give you expert guidance and academic support throughout the degree, enabling you to clearly focus on your career ambitions.

You will be able to design your own programme by selecting modules to suit your interests and professional goals.

This course is internationally renowned and your knowledge and skills will be valued in legal practice, government and industry.

You can select to apply for one of the available exit points for this course.

Master of Laws (LLM)

Who is this course for.

The LLM in International Banking and Corporate Law is perfect for individuals looking to develop or deepen their expertise in the legal aspects of banking and corporate organisations.

This programme is designed to strengthen your academic knowledge or advance your career in law firms or in-house legal departments, whatever your goal.

Throughout the course, you'll acquire in-depth knowledge of international banking and corporate law, understand how these laws function in both local and global markets, and cultivate specialised legal skills for the worldwide commercial, banking, and corporate sector.

The flexible structure allows you to choose between full-time or part-time study, and the option to study on campus or remotely provides maximum convenience.

• Full-time: 1 year
• Part-time: 2 years

Total credits: 180

Made up of:

• Elective modules (150 credits)
• Research project module (30 credits)

PGDip Total credits: 120 If you successfully complete 120 credits , you have the opportunity to graduate with a Postgraduate Diploma in Law.

PGCert Total credits: 60 If you successfully complete 60 credits , you have the opportunity to graduate with a Postgraduate Certificate in Law.

You will complete 5 taught elective modules (30 credits each) and write a 30 credit research project or dissertation.

All taught modules run across a 10 week term (September – December or January – April) rather than the whole academic year.

If you choose to study full-time, you will take three modules in one term and two in the other. Research Projects/Dissertations are written during the summer term when there are no classes, but you will participate in a series of skills workshops to support your work on this module, which take place during teaching periods.

You will have a wide range of elective modules from which to choose, you must take at least two of the compulsory electives (indicated by an asterisk below) along with any three other modules from the list below.  Additionally, you will write your Research Project/Dissertation in the area of International Banking and Corporate Law.

Not all elective modules will run every academic year, they are subject to sufficient numbers of students choosing them and staff availability.

Elective modules

Corporate Finance Law (30 credits)

This module explores the legal rules that govern how companies may raise funds to launch or expand their activities. It analyses the legal mechanisms designed to protect those who supply corporate finance (investors and creditors) and stakeholders (e.g. employees). The module covers debt and equity as two major sources of corporate finance, as well as emerging financing tools such as Fintech and crowdfunding.

Corporate Law in a Global Context (30 credits)

This module examines the relationship between corporate law and the multinational enterprise. It explores the economic and institutional dynamics that influence the use and control of decision-making power in large (typically, publicly traded) companies. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness of reforms designed to enhance managerial accountability, including institutional shareholder activism, the use of independent directors, reporting, disclosure and due diligence, and the control of senior executive remuneration. The module also explores issues of corporate social responsibility and human rights, corporate sustainability and the climate emergency, boardroom culture and diversity.

Insolvency Law (30 credits)

This module introduces corporate insolvency law and rescue models, examining their impact on stakeholders and the economy. You will explore different domestic and international frameworks, evaluating their effectiveness and the challenges faced by policymakers. The module aims to equip you with a comprehensive understanding of corporate insolvency law, its policy implications, and the legal and economic issues surrounding corporate rescue and failure.

International Banking Law (30 credits)

The aim of the module is to introduce you to key elements of international banking law and place these in a practical and current context by focussing on current developments and the regulatory and other issues raised by international banking crises, including the so-called ‘credit crunch’.

International Investment Law (30 credits)

This module is focused on the international law governing foreign direct investment, meaning the activities of multinational corporations, including the establishment of entirely new facilities abroad and the purchase of other companies abroad.

Money Laundering Law (30 credits)

This module will provide you with a thorough understanding of what money laundering is, its forms, its statutory requirements and its practical implications and defences under applicable law. Overall, the module will give you a good foundation and exposure to the various aspects of money laundering, bribery and corruption, sanctions and due diligence and an added advantage of not only a theoretical approach but also a practical overview of how due diligence is implemented and managed in the financial industry.

Project Finance and Law (30 credits)

This module explores the risks attached to large scale infrastructure and other projects of significant cost, looking at funding issues and how lenders can curtail associated risks. This module explores the risks attached to large scale infrastructure and other projects of significant cost, with a special emphasis on energy related projects. It asks how these can be funded and how lenders can curtail the risks inherent in projects where loan finance is likely to be repaid out of the funds generated by the working of the project.

Admiralty Law (30 credits)

This module focusses on a wide range of rights and liabilities arising (whether under contracts, in tort, or by virtue of special doctrines and rules of maritime law) from the ownership, possession, and physical operation of commercial ships.

International Arbitration in Practice (30 credits)

This module focuses on the use of arbitration to resolve international commercial disputes. London is ranked as a seat of first choice for international arbitration, so the module will primarily focus on arbitration seated in London with the applicable arbitration law being that of England & Wales. However, because of the degree of harmonisation of arbitration law and practice in many jurisdictions, through this module you will gain a detailed and practical understanding of arbitration as an international commercial dispute resolution process.

Carriage of Goods by Sea (30 credits)

Traditionally shipping law is divided into two categories; “wet shipping” or “dry shipping”. In this module you will learn exclusively about “dry” shipping issues, which deal with the legal documents frequently in use such as the charter party and the bill of lading.

International Commercial Arbitration (30 credits)

The module will utilise a comparative approach to commercial arbitration within the international arena, with particular emphasis on commercial disputes. Discussions of the New York Convention 1958 and other international norms will provide you with an opportunity to understand the international commercial arbitration legal framework thoroughly. Regularly comparing different national laws will enable you to evaluate and assess the approaches taken in different jurisdictions and provide you with insights into why parties and their legal advisors choose particular countries for resolving their disputes through arbitration.

International Law of the Sea (30 credits)

The module aims to facilitate the understanding of the Law of the Sea and the legal mechanisms and institutions developed in international law to assist in the resolution of Law of the Sea disputes. It aims to provide you with an understanding of legal rights in relation to the sea, how disputes may arise, and how they may be addressed. It also aims to explore contemporary challenges such as climate change and deep seabed mining that are much in the news and which will help position these debates in the legal context.

International Trade Law (30 credits)

This module is concerned with the large-scale sale of goods between private trading partners who conduct their business in different countries. This module examines the legal rules which underpin such trade and how the law affects business documentation, operations and decisions.

Litigation and Dispute Resolution Options (30 credits)

This module provides an overview of all the types of dispute resolution process that are available to resolve a civil dispute. It will provide you with a sound understanding of the main characteristics of litigation as a dispute resolution process, alongside the well-established options of arbitration and mediation, and the less well-known but fast developing possibilities of early neutral evaluation and expert determination. There will also be coverage of emerging options such as online dispute resolution and consideration of current issues.

Marine Insurance (30 credits)

This module focusses on the English law of marine insurance contracts, undertaking a critical examination both of its general principles and of a range of more specific coverage issues arising under commonly used London-market hull and machinery and cargo insurance clause, and protection and indemnity club rules.

World Trade Law (30 credits)

In this module you will explore the various ways in which the World Trade Organisation (WTO) system seeks to maintain and expand international trade and the extent to which these limit the regulatory autonomy of member states.

Dissertation

Research Project or Dissertation (30 Credits)

You will be required to complete a 6,000 to 8,000 word research project or dissertation on a subject relating to International Banking and Finance. The research dissertation or project provides you with the opportunity to undertake a piece of original, independent research, building on and focussed on the topic or topics that are of particular interest to you. This research can be conducted in form of a theoretical dissertation or a more practical self-selected research project. The particular format of your work will depend on the subject area, case studies, the research questions or project objectives you chose and may include reviewing literature or doing a work-based research project. The module allows some autonomy and enables you to show that you can manage information as well as developing complex arguments and innovative ways to solve problems.

Programme specification

The programme specification contains more information on how the course is organised, the requirements for progression for each part and credits required for awards.

Download course specification:

• LLM in International Banking and Corporate Law

This LLM offers flexible blended learning with a choice of studying in-person or online. You will have weekly lectures and seminars, supported by comprehensive online resources.

A structured approach guides your learning, with opportunities for interactive discussions and independent study. You can choose to attend classes in person or participate online synchronously or asynchronously.

You will be assessed in a range of formats including written coursework and presentations, evaluating your understanding of legal principles, research skills, and analytical abilities.

The dissertation demonstrates your independent research and ability to develop complex arguments. Feedback is provided throughout to support your learning and development.

Hybrid teaching

Our LLM programmes are designed for hybrid learning. You have the choice of studying at our central London in London or online from anywhere in the world. You can follow all classes synchronously and asynchronously.

However, please note that all live teaching, personal tutoring and dissertation supervision will take place between 9:00 – 19:00 UK time.

Classroom technology enables academic staff to present to their class and lead discussion with students on campus and online simultaneously.

All classroom teaching is supplemented by online materials. All classes are recorded and can easily be accessed at any time if you wanted to follow the classes asynchronously.

If you intend to study fully online please email [email protected] to confirm this once you have submitted your application.

Please note that it will not be possible to change your mode of study during the course.

Fees for academic year 2025/26

Explore up-to-date information about funding options, available financial support and typical living costs.

The City Law School scholarships

The City Law School is firmly committed to a generous programme of scholarships awarded on the basis of academic excellence. Our scholarships range in value and include both partial and full fee waiver awards. Scholarships are available for all Master of Laws (LLM) courses at City.

Find out more about the scholarships offered by The City Law School .

10% Loyalty Discount

We offer City students a loyalty discount upon enrolling on a second course at The City Law School. All you need to do is meet the entry requirements for your second course (postgraduate level) and we will automatically take 10% off of your tuition fees.

This can be received in addition to receiving a scholarship and will be applied to the second round of payments due.

Additional expenses

Some of our degrees may involve additional expenses which are not covered by your tuition fees.  Find out more about additional expenses .

Our bursaries are non-repayable sums of money granted by the University, usually based on need.

Our loans are repayable sums of money granted by the University or other body.

Our scholarships are when the University pays towards your Study fees. You may also be eligible for further funding.

This specialist International Banking and Finance Law LLM will improve your prospects for a career in the field. You may concentrate on private commercial practice at law firms, working in government or employment across a variety of sectors.

Our aim is for you to be well positioned for legal and non-legal careers. By the end of the programme, you will not only have gained advanced knowledge in key areas of law but will have also acquired transferable skills essential to understanding, and succeeding in, the world of legal work and practice.

You will be well placed to pursue careers in:

• in general or specialist legal practice
• international organisations
• non-governmental organisations

You may also want to continue your academic studies at The City Law School by enrolling in a PhD.

Gain experience

You will also have the opportunity to participate in skills enhancing extra-curricular activity such as mooting or pro bono work via our LawIRL (in real life)  Programme .

Entry requirements

Below is a list of countries with information on each about which qualifications we accept. If your country is not listed please email [email protected] .

We are interested in receiving applications from individuals with at least an upper second-class honours undergraduate degree in law (or international equivalent) from a recognised international institution. Applicants with an undergraduate degree in another subject will also be considered.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Zimbabwean equivalent required.

The equivalents provided are intended as a guide only and individual applications are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Zimbabwean Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (60%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

If you don't meet the entry requirements please check to see if there is a suitable preparatory programme available for your course at INTO City, University of London or Kaplan International College London .

Visa requirements

International Students coming to study in the UK may need to apply for a visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study. The way that you apply may vary depending on the length of your course. There are different rules for:

• Students on courses of more than six months
• Students on courses of less than six months

For more information see our main Visa page .

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Zambian equivalent required.

Zambian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Vietnamese equivalent required.

Vietnamese Bachelor degrees (Bang Tot Nghiep Dai Hoc or Bang Cu Nhan) from selected institutions are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Uzbekistani equivalent required.

Uzbekistani Bachelor / Bakalavr degrees are typically accepted with 71% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 55% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ukrainian equivalent required.

Ukrainian Bachelor / Specialist Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a GPA 4.3 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ugandan equivalent required.

Ugandan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.0/5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0/5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the US equivalent required.

US Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Emirati equivalent required.

Emirati Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Turkish equivalent required.

Turkish Bachelor / Lisans Diplomasi degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Tunisian equivalent required.

Tunisian Bachelor / Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Trinidad and Tobago

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Trinidadian and Tobagonian equivalent required.

University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (grade B+) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (grade B) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Thai equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Thai 4 year Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 to 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 to 2.8 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Tanzanian equivalent required.

Tanzanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 50% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Taiwanese equivalent required.

Taiwanese Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 75% or grade B equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70% or grade C equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Syrian equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Syrian Bachelor degrees or Licence are typically accepted with 70-80% or 'very good' equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60-70% or 'good' equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Switzerland

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Swiss equivalent required.

Swiss Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 4.75 out of 6.0, 8 out of 10 or 2 out of 5 (5 to 1 scale) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 4.0 out of 6.0, 6 out of 10 or 3 out of 5 (5 to 1 scale equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

International Students from within the European Economic Area (EEA) may need to apply for a Student visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study if they do not have EU Settlement Status.

• Students on courses of less than six months.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Swedish equivalent required.

Swedish Bachelor degrees or Kandidatexamen are typically accepted with B- 180 ECTS minimum overall or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and C- (180 ECTS minimum overall) or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Sri Lankan equivalent required.

Sri Lankan 4 year Bachelor Special Degrees or Professional Degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1, grade B+ or GPA 3.3 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2, grade B or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Spanish equivalent required.

Spanish Título de Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero and Título de Arquitecto are typically accepted with 7 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

South Korea

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the South Korean equivalent required.

South Korean Bachelor degrees (Haksa) are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 out of 4.5 or grade B equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.6 or grade C equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

South Africa

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the South African equivalent required.

South African Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Slovenian equivalent required.

Slovenian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Slovakian equivalent required.

Slovakian Bakalar degrees are typically accepted with GPA 1.5 - 2.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2.0 - 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Singaporean equivalent required.

Singaporean Bachelor and Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 3.8 out of 5.0 or II (upper) - Second Class (Upper) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0 or 3.3 out of 5.0 or II (lower) - Second Class (lower) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Serbian equivalent required.

Advanced Diploma of Higher Education and Diplomirani are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Saudi Arabia

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Saudi Arabian equivalent required.

Saudi Arabian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 or GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Rwandan equivalent required.

Rwandan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 16 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Russian equivalent required.

Russian Bachelor or Specialist Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.3 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Romanian equivalent required.

Romanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 8 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Qatari equivalent required.

Qatari Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Portuguese equivalent required.

Portuguese Licenciado are typically accepted with 14 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Polish equivalent required.

Polish Bachelor / Licencjat or Magister degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Philippines

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Filipino equivalent required.

Filipino Masters degree from any recognised institution and Bachelor degrees from selected institutions (i.e. Asian Institute of Management, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University Manila, University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines Diliman) are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0, GPA 1.75 out of 5 or 86% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0, GPA 2.5 out of 5 or 80% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Peruvian equivalent required.

Peruvian Grado Académico de Bachiller or Título de Licenciado or Título (Profesional) degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Palestinian equivalent required.

Palestinian Bachelor or Bakalorius degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Pakistani equivalent required.

Pakistani 4 year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Omani equivalent required.

Omani Bachelor or Licence degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Norwegian equivalent required.

Norwegian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a B grade typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a C grade equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Nigerian equivalent required.

Nigerian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or GPA 3.5 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or GPA 2.7 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

New Zealand

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the New Zealand equivalent required.

New Zealand 4-year Bachelor degrees with Honours are typically accepted with Second Class (Division 1) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and Second Class (Division 2) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

New Zealand 3-year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with B+ overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and C+ overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Netherlands

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Dutch equivalent required.

Dutch Bachelor degrees or Doctoraal are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honour Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Nepali equivalent required.

Nepali 4-year Bachelor degrees (post 2017) are typically accepted with GPA 3.3 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Burmese equivalent required.

Burmese Masters degrees are typically accepted with 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Moroccan equivalent required.

Moroccan Bachelors, Licence or Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Mexican equivalent required.

Mexican Titulo de Licenciado are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Mauritian equivalent required.

Mauritian Bachelor degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Maltese equivalent required.

Maltese Bachelor Honours degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

International Students from within the European Economic Area (EEA) may need to apply for a visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study. The way that you apply may vary depending on the length of your course. There are different rules for:

• EEA nationals joining the programme in 2021 and EEA nationals joining from January 2022

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Malaysian equivalent required.

Malaysian Bachelor degrees from Berdaya Saing (Competitive) institutions are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Malaysian Bachelor degrees from Berdaya Maju (Viable) institutions are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and GPA 2.8 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Macanese equivalent required.

Macanese Bachelor degrees or Grau de Licenciatura are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 or B+ equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 or B- equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

For more information  see our main Visa page .

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Luxembourgian equivalent required.

Luxembourgian Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Lithuanian equivalent required.

Lithuanian Bakalauras or Magistras are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Lebanese equivalent required.

The equivalents provided are intended as a guide only and individual applications are assessed on a case by case basis.

Lebanese License or Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 or 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 or 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Latvian equivalent required.

Latvian Bakaluara Diploms are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Laotian equivalent required.

Laotian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kuwaiti equivalent required.

Kuwaiti Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kenyan equivalent required.

Kenyan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2:1 (60%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2:2 (50%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kazakhstani equivalent required.

Kazakhstani Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.3/ 5.0 or GPA 3.3 / 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 / 5.0 or 3.0 /4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Jordanian equivalent required.

Jordanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Japanese equivalent required.

Japanese Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0, grade B or 80% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5, grade C or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Jamaican equivalent required.

University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (55%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Italian equivalent required.

Italian Diploma di Laurea degrees are typically accepted with 104 (out of 110) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 94 (out of 110) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Israeli equivalent required.

Israeli Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 80% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 65% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Irish equivalent required.

Irish Bachelor Honours degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Iraqi equivalent required.

Iraqi Bachelor degrees from selected institutions are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Iranian equivalent required.

Iranian Bachelor degrees (Licence Kharshenasi) are typically accepted with 15 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Indonesian equivalent required.

Depending on their accreditation Indonesian S1 / Sarjana and Dip IV (Sarjana Terapa) are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 to 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 to 2.9 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Indian equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Indian 3 year Bachelor (Honours) or Bachelor (Special) degrees are typically accepted with 60 to 70% (7/10 to 8/10) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 50 to 60% (6/10 to 7/10) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Icelandic equivalent required.

Icelandic Baccalaurreatus degrees are typically accepted with 7.25 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Hungarian equivalent required.

Hungarian Bachelors degrees or University Diplomas are typically accepted with GPA 4 out of 5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3 out of 5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Hong Kong equivalent required.

Hong Kong Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 (or second class honours upper division) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 (or second class honours lower) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Greek equivalent required.

Greek Bachelor degrees or Ptychion are typically accepted with 7.0 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ghanaian equivalent required.

Ghanaian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2:1 (GPA 3.2/4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2:2 (GPA 2.5/4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the German equivalent required.

German Magister Artium / Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the French equivalent required.

French License are typically accepted with 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 11 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Finnish equivalent required.

Finnish Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 out of 5 or 2.0 out of 3.0 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 5 or 1.4 out of 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ethiopian equivalent required.

Ethiopian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Estonian equivalent required.

Estonian Bakalaurusekraad degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Egyptian equivalent required.

Egyptian Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 65% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ecuadorian equivalent required.

Ecuadorian 4 year Título de Licenciado or Título de [subject area] are typically accepted with 80%, 8.0/10 or 18/20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70%, 7.0/10 or 14/20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Danish equivalent required.

Danish Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with grade 6 - 7 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 4 - 5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Czech Republic

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Czech equivalent required.

Czech Bachelor degrees or Bakalar are typically accepted with 2+ equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2 or 2- equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cypriot equivalent required.

Cypriot Bachelor degree or Ptychio are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 (7.0 out of 10) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 / 4.0 (6 out of 10) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Croatian equivalent required.

Croatian Bachelor degree or Baccalaureus or Baccalaurea are typically accepted with GPA 4.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Colombian equivalent required.

Colombian 4 year Licenciado en [subject area] or Título de [subject area] or Profesional en [subject area] or Maestro en [subject area] degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Chinese equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Chinese 4 year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 75 to 80% (GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70 to 75% (GPA 2.8 to 3.0 out of 4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Chilean equivalent required.

Chilean 4 year Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] degrees are typically accepted with GPA 5.5 / 7.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 5.0 / 7.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Canadian equivalent required.

Canadian Bachelor degrees / Baccalauréat degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cameroonian equivalent required.

Cameroonian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 18/20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 16/20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cambodian equivalent required.

Cambodian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bulgarian equivalent required.

Bulgarian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.75 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bruneian equivalent required.

Bruneian Bachelor (Honours) degrees are typically accepted with an Upper Second Class Honours classification equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a Lower Secind Class Honours classification equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Brazilian equivalent required.

Brazilian 4 year Título de Bacharel or Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado are typically accepted with 7.5/10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5/10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Botswanan equivalent required.

Botswanan Masters degrees are typically accepted with 80% (A grade) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70% (B grade) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bolivian equivalent required.

Bolivian 4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area] are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 64% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Belgian equivalent required.

Belgian Bachelor degrees (Bachelier) are typically accepted with 70% (14/20) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (12/20) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Barbadian equivalent required.

The University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (55%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bangladeshi equivalent required.

Bangladeshi Bachelor degrees (from selected universities) and Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.25 out of 4.0 or 65% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bahraini equivalent required.

Bahraini Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.3 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Azerbaijani equivalent required.

Azerbaijani Bachelors / Bakalavr Diplomu degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.5 out of 5.0 (80%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 (70%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Austrian equivalent required.

Austrian Bachelor degrees are accepted with GPA 2.5 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 typically equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Australian equivalent required.

Australian Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted with 70% (Second Class Division A) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (Second Class Division B) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Australian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 70% (Distinction) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (Credit) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Argentine equivalent required.

Argentine 4 year Titulo / Grado de Licenciado or Titulo de [subject area] are typically accepted with 7.5 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.0 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Algerian equivalent required.

Algerian Bachelors, Licence and Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 15 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Albanian equivalent required.

Second Level Integrated Diploma (5 years) and First Level University Diploma are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Afghanistan

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Afghan equivalent required.

Afghan Master's degrees from any recognised institution and Bachelor of Science (Engineering) from Kabul University are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 80% overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or 70% overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

If you are unable to find your country equivalents in the above list, City will consider other international qualifications on a case by case basis.

For further details, please contact us using the contact details at the bottom of this page.

English language requirements

Into city, university of london.

Don’t meet the entry requirements?  INTO City, University of London offers a range of academic and English language programmes to help prepare you for study at City, University of London. You’ll learn from experienced teachers in a dedicated international study centre.

These programmes are designed for international students who do not meet the required academic and English language requirements for direct entry.

Kaplan International College London

City works in partnership with  Kaplan International College (KIC) London to provide preparatory courses for international students. Pre Masters courses at KIC London offer comprehensive support to students wishing to complete their postgraduate study at City. Progression to this degree is guaranteed if you complete the  KIC London Pre-Masters course at the required level.

English requirements

If you are an applicant whose first language is not English and you have not successfully completed an academic qualification at least equivalent to a UK bachelor’s degree which was taught in a majority English-speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immigration, the following qualifications (or equivalent) are also required:

• IELTS: 7.0 or above with a minimum of 6 in each area
• For the LLM we require an overall TOEFL score of 100 or better, with a minimum of 25 in Speaking, and at least 24 in every other component of the test

English language programmes

Don’t meet the English language requirements?  INTO City, University of London offers English language programmes to help prepare you for study at university.

These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for entry to degree courses.

Application process

When you apply you will be expected to submit the following:

• One application form
• A short personal statement (c800-1200 words) outlining why you are applying for this programme
• A copy of your degree transcript: We require an original transcript or a copy certified by your institution. If you have not yet graduated, you will be required to send us your degree transcript as soon as it is available. You will not be able to register as a City student without having supplied your degree transcript.

Please note: At least one academic reference is required in order for us to assess your application. However, the admissions tutor may permit professional references if you have been out of higher education for a number of years.

This course is not currently open for applications.

September 2025 entry

• Apply online for LLM International Banking and Corporate Law with full-time study in London
• Apply online for LLM International Banking and Corporate Law with part-time study in London

January 2026 entry

Contact the postgraduate team.

Telephone: 020 7040 8877

Email: [email protected]

Our academics

Your studies are supported by a team of committed and enthusiastic teachers and researchers, experts in their chosen field. On occasion we also work with external professionals to enhance your learning and appreciation of the wider subject.

Professor David Collins

Professor of International Economic Law

Academic law programmes

Our students

Ask a student.

Want to find out more about student life? Chat with our student ambassadors and ask any question you have

Housing and student life

Accommodation and housing  

We offer accommodation options and support for all postgraduate students. Our dedicated Accommodation Service can help you to find private accommodation in London if required.

Student wellbeing  

Our extensive support network spans from learning support and disability support through to counselling, financial advice and career advice. Please do tell us if you need our help.

Living in London  

We are based in the heart of one of the most vibrant and colourful cities in the world. London offers a rich variety of cultural experiences far beyond your studies.

What's happening

Nov  06

Postgraduate Open Evening

Join us at our Postgraduate Open Evening to learn more about our postgraduate courses and discover all the benefits of studying at City, University of London.

Wednesday, 6 th November 2024 , 17:00 – 19:00

Location: Northampton Square

Audience: Prospective students

• MSc Finance and Investment Banking

Finance and Investment Banking MSc

• Level(s) of Study: Postgraduate taught
• Start Date(s): September 2024
• Duration: One year / two years with a work placement
• Study Mode(s): Full-time / Sandwich
• Campus: City Campus
• Entry Requirements: More information

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Introduction:

Our MSc Finance and Investment Banking course will teach you about analysing and valuing investment products, critical analysis of information in derivatives markets and portfolio and investment management. You will explore the operation of markets, their major participants and the regulatory environments, as well as building a firm understanding of corporate finance, basic accounting and financial analysis.

This course emphasises the analysis and valuation of investment products, and critical analysis of information in derivatives markets and portfolio and investment management. You will work with financial tools and techniques in an applied setting, using our state-of-the-art Business Lab equipped with the latest Bloomberg software to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to be successful in this sector.

In your third semester, you’ll choose an experiential project. With the opportunity to use your skills in a real-world setting, you can choose from completing a consultancy experience project, an in-company experience project, a business research project or a global experience project.

Created in collaboration with the  Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), our modules are closely aligned with the institution’s own qualifications, which you can work towards upon completion of your degree.

What you’ll gain from this degree?

• an ability to apply knowledge, tools and techniques to resolve issues in new and diverse situations within the field of investment banking.
• a wide-ranging theoretical background and equip you with practical skills for active interaction in the world of finance.
• an ability to apply advanced concepts and techniques to analyse financial markets and instruments.
• developmental skills to synthesise and critique a range of methods employed in analysing investments in financial products.
• an ability to evaluate the rigour and validity of published research, and to assess its relevance to the practice of investment banking.

What you’ll study

At NBS you can create a personalised learning experience, giving you a unique Masters degree that equips you with the skills you'll need, for the career you want. Each of the modules will be delivered over a four week period, with teaching delivered in three weeks and the fourth week left clear for assessment work. This enables you to focus on one subject at a time, whilst allowing time for preparation and assessment work.

• Programme overview

Semester one

Semester two.

• Semester three
• Ongoing learning/professional development
• Placement opportunities

Semester one modules

• Global Financial Markets
• Financial Statement Analysis
• Corporate Finance

Semester two modules

• Valuation of Investment Products
• Derivatives Markets
• Investment and Portfolio Management

Semester three modules

Your choice of final semester project. Experiential projects include:

• Consultancy Experience Project;
• In-Company Experience Project;  or
• Business Research Project

Module for those undertaking the 2 year course

• Placement Diploma in Industrial Experience

Global Financial Markets (20 credits)

Financial markets enable the transfer of funds from those who want to save to those who want to borrow to invest in productive activity. This module deepens the analysis of the major markets, participants and instruments in a global context.

Financial Statement Analysis (20 credits)

This module aims to analyse the decision making process of internal and external stakeholders. It will develop your critical understanding of financial reporting through in depth application and evaluation of a range of analytical techniques.

Corporate Finance (20 credits)

This module is designed to give you a deeper knowledge of theory and practice in the key aspects of corporate finance, and allows you to explore how various aspects of corporate finance are interrelated. You will assess the impact of financial decisions with respect to investments, financing and the management of risk and develop skills in critical analysis and evaluation.

Valuation of Investment Products (20 credits)

The module is concerned with investment product value assessment and financial management. The initial thesis is that banks create value through investing in investment products that produce a positive net present value. However companies may also create value by growth (e.g. organic or via M&A), financing activity and through the management of risk. The focus of the module is on these themes. Hence the module will cover the key theories of corporate finance and valuation, and consider how these may be applied in practice.

Derivatives Markets (20 credits)

This module will enable learners to explore and develop their understanding of financial risk and derivative markets in terms of theory, concepts and hedging techniques. You will evaluate the types of financial risks that can be hedged with derivative instruments and discuss why derivative markets provide an efficient hedging tool.

Investment and Portfolio Management (20 credits)

This module examines appropriate Investment and Portfolio Management theory. You will have the opportunity to put this theory into practice principally via the construction and running of a portfolio of equities.

Semester Three

In your final semester you'll take on a major project, giving you a fantastic opportunity to use the theories and knowledge you've gained to produce a challenging, meaningful piece of work. Projects include:

Consultancy Experience Project (40 credits)

Working as part of a team, you'll undertake focused research, developing your professional skills, managing a complex project and delivering results in a real business situation. You'll present your findings to the client and learn valuable project management tools and concepts.

Business Research Project (40 credits)

This project is a more traditional piece of independent research, creating an academic research paper, presentation and methodological reflection. Because we believe experiential learning is so important, this project is only available to students with significant prior work experience or a desire to progress to a PhD.

For more information about semester three options please visit our Experiential Projects page.

Ongoing Learning

Throughout the year you will also study the following modules which will help you understand how to manage your own continuous personal and professional development (PPD).

Transformational Leadership Development (10 credits)

Transformational management education is a key focus within NBS, where effective ethical education across all business and management courses is the foundation of our students’ abilities to understand and contribute in meaningful ways towards current and future challenges in the area of sustainable development. The purpose of the module is to increase understanding of how to manage your own continuous personal and professional development in order to enable sustained career success and to be an effective and transformational leader.

Research Methods for Finance and Accounting (10 credits)

The aim of this module is to develop students as effective researchers in different contexts within the economics, finance and accounting subject areas.

Professional development

Beyond your core curriculum and comprehensive career support, you'll have access to a vibrant CPD programme. This includes your Personal Development Week, Global Responsibility Week, and events and workshops including our Business Leaders’ Lecture Series. You'll also have the chance to participate in national and international business challenges, industry talks, field trips, and company visits. We encourage you to get involved in sports, clubs, societies, volunteering, and apply for roles like course rep or student ambassador. These opportunities are designed to enhance your experience, help you thrive in the job market, and support your personal growth.

Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA)

Our MSc Finance course has been created in collaboration with the  Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA) . The modules are aligned with the institution’s own qualifications, which you can work towards upon completion of your degree. The CFA credential is held by over 150,000 professionals around the world. The charter gives a strong understanding of advanced investment analysis and real-world portfolio management skills.

Please note this course is not eligible for any CFA Institute exemptions.

Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA)

Our MSc Finance course offers a quicker route to the CIMA Professional Qualification and the global professional designation of Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA). The CIMA Professional Qualification is recognised worldwide as the most relevant global finance qualification for a career in business.

You will have 10 exemptions from the CIMA modules which means you just need to complete five CIMA exams to complete the CIMA professional qualification starting at the Operational Case Study (OCS). For further information please visit the  CIMA exemptions website .

Placement Diploma in Industrial Experience (2 year course only)

This module aims to develop your understanding of the business and commercial environment. You will apply relevant prior knowledge and skills in the business environment increasing your commercial awareness. On completion of the module, you will have developed a range of skills and have a practical insight into the world of work and possible career opportunities.

Please note that placements are only available for students beginning their studies in September and is not available for students starting in January.

If you start your Masters in September you can apply for the two-year option where you can add a year’s work placement onto your course. It’s a great way to put your learning into practice and gain valuable real-world experience to help boost your career prospects once graduating.

Your placement year will last up to 48 weeks (minimum 36 weeks). If you are unable to take a full year's placement, but have completed the minimum 36 weeks you can qualify for a Placement Diploma in Industrial Experience. If you undertake a placement, you must take up the Business Research Project in Semester Three.

Please note that  placements are not guaranteed and you will need to work hard in securing one during your first semester . We have a dedicated Employability team who are here to help and support you during the placement process with CV writing, creating a LinkedIn page, interview tips, where to search for a placement etc. You can visit the  Employability team’s page for further information.

Placements are only available for students beginning their studies in September.

Please contact us through  Ask NTU if you have any questions about securing placements.

Don’t just take our word for it, hear from our students themselves

Student profiles, khaled ghalayini.

Finance and Investment Banking

What stood out for me were the Major Project options in the final semester of the Masters degree. I was particularly attracted to the Internship Experience Project where I could get real, valuable exposure to the finance industry here in the UK.

Maina Kameta

The School's Trading Room provides students pursuing this course with an opportunity to use the Bloomberg Terminals to obtain real-time market data relevant to the modules.

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How you’re taught

Teaching and Learning

Nottingham Business School adopts a distinctive approach to the design of student learning opportunities. Your learning is structured around theory, practice, experience & observation, and reflection & improvement. At each level (course, module and session), you will study different theories, concepts and approaches and be given opportunities to apply these in a range of practical settings. The aim is to enhance your understanding through the direct experience of business, where you will have opportunities to observe business practices and behaviours (including your own) and analyse these using theoretical knowledge. It is our intention that by reflecting on these experiences, you will be able to use these theories to guide your actions and decisions in a business context or even consider how a theory itself might be improved. In this way, we aim to enhance the quality of your learning.

During your studies you will be using our Bloomberg Terminals in our dedicated Business Lab . The Bloomberg Terminal is the industry standard in financial markets by bringing together real-time data on every market, breaking news, in-depth research, powerful analytics, communications tools and world-class execution capabilities. Also, as a student of Nottingham Business School you will be able to complete the Bloomberg Market Concepts certificate with no extra costs*.

* Bloomberg Market Concepts (BMC) is an 8-hour self-paced e-learning course that provides a visual introduction to the financial markets.

Guest Lectures

Through our popular Business Leaders Lecture Series , you'll have the chance to listen to experts from a wide range of industries who will share their knowledge with you. Recent guests have included Jason Bates, the co-founder of digital banks Monzo and Starling, who is currently creating new banks and customer propositions in Hong Kong, the US, Europe, Middle East, and the UK with his consultancy group 11:FS.

Finance Simulation

Our approach to teaching incorporates a range of innovative elements aimed at providing you with a practical exposure to financial markets. One of the key highlights of the academic year is our financial markets simulation events delivered by Amplify Trading in association with the major investment bank Morgan Stanley.

Amplify trading is an award-winning FinTech company offering professional training solutions to the world’s largest financial institutions (e.g. Bank of America/Merry Lynch, Deutsch Bank, UBS, S&P).

Morgan Stanley is a major investment bank which operates in more than 42 countries and has approximately 58,000 employees.

During the Amplify/Morgan Stanley simulation events, you will be using the FlowTrader platform to experience the different roles, operations and objectives within financial markets, as you will operate on simulated or real market prices.

Academic Mentors

Every postgraduate student will be allocated an Academic Mentor at the beginning of the academic year and you will meet with them regularly throughout the year. Academic Mentors help you make the most of your time at NTU. They will support you in developing and enhancing the qualities and transferrable skills necessary for your studies, career progression, professional and personal development.

Assessments

A range of assessment methods are used across the course, the choice of which reflects the needs and demands of the different types of module. Some modules will assess the ability to work collaboratively in a team and others will assess individual capability. Types of assessment will range from examinations to group presentations including essays, reports, financial analyses, literature reviews and research based projects.

The interactive nature of the taught sessions offers opportunities to gain feedback on your performance before being formally assessed and increasing use is made of eLearning to further support the feedback process.

In-sessional English language support

In-sessional English language classes are offered to international students at no extra cost. The classes aim to provide focused support in the skills you need in order to develop your English in your subject area.

Further information please contact the Nottingham Language Centre based in the DICE building on City Campus:

Tel: +44 (0)115 848 6156 | Email: [email protected] | Website: www.ntu.ac.uk/nlc

Personalisation

We know our postgraduate students are a diverse group, with different levels of academic knowledge in their chosen area of study, different cultural and educational backgrounds, and varying levels of personal and professional skills and competencies.

At NBS we strive to ensure that these two motivating factors are nurtured and therefore supported. Our students are encouraged to practice and develop the skills and competencies required to critically reflect on their learning, and on their ability to apply this learning to their studies and to real world complex issues within the workplace. Through a series of curricula and extra-curricular initiatives, strengthened by tailored academic mentor support, NBS provides all our postgraduate students with the ability to participate in a range of challenging and unique activities, projects, events and experiences to enable our students to succeed in a competitive and dynamic global environment.

Staff Profiles

Vangelis tsiligkiris - professor.

Nottingham Business School

Solomon Y Deku - Senior Lecturer

Thao ngoc nguyen - senior lecturer, careers and employability.

At Nottingham Business School, we’re focused on your employability from the start of your postgraduate degree. We provide you with a learning experience that integrates theory and practice.

Graduates from this course have gone onto roles within the public, private and third sector, undertaking positions such as:

• Equity Trader and Analyst
• Financial Associate
• Investment Manager
• Tax Accountant
• Fund Manager

Employability Team

We have a dedicated Employability Team who not only help you during your time with us but also following graduation, they’ll continue to support you by providing a number of services that will help kick-start your career.

Our  Employability Team offer a wide range of support from one-to-one appointments with our specially trained consultants, to arranging recruitment fairs and skill building workshops.

Services they provide include:

• Finding placements, internships and part-time work
• Helping you to pursue self-employment
• Advice on taking gap years and time out
• Information and help on getting into volunteering
• Providing advice on further study.

As a student you will have access to our virtual learning environment, where you will be able to get in touch with our Employability team for CV support, application, interview and job hunting advice, career ideas and employer videos.

You can visit the Employability Team on your local campus every day during term time. They are also open outside of term time too, except on University closure days. So drop in, say hello, and get help with quick enquiries or book an appointment with a careers consultant from your school.

Re:search Re:imagined

To us, research is about more than writing papers and proposing new ideas. By daring to think differently, we’re disrupting the research landscape and finding the answers to the questions that really matter. From ethics, innovation and entrepreneurship to behavioural science, we’re inspiring the brightest minds to rise up and find solutions to some of the most significant global challenges facing society.

Find out more: ntu.ac.uk/research

Campus and facilities

We are continually investing in our facilities, and transforming our learning and teaching environment to create an inspiring and innovative atmosphere.

The School is based in the impressive new Postgraduate Centre which facilitates on-campus teaching for Nottingham Business School’s postgraduate and executive education courses on NTU's  City Campus .

Dryden Centre

Benefit from the newly built  NTU Dryden Enterprise Centre that provides dedicated support for entrepreneurs, start-ups, small and medium-sized enterprises.

Fantastic facilities

• You can take advantage of the Link Lounge, a space dedicated to Business School students, located on floor zero of the Newton building.
• Explore your career prospects with the help of the University's Employability Team.
• You will benefit from spacious teaching rooms and lecture theatres.
• We provide students with a variety of social spaces.
• Your studies will benefit from the £13 million Boots Library .
• You can take advantage of our 24-hour IT facilities.
• Our Student Services Centre will also be on-hand should you need support.

The location of the City site also means that you have easy access to:

• sports facilities
• student accommodation
• music venues

Entry requirements

• International

One year course

• You will need an undergraduate degree equivalent to a UK undergraduate honours degree ( 2.2 or above ) containing some evidence of quantitative ability.
• All applicants will be required to demonstrate a commitment to the subject they wish to study and should demonstrate how their chosen programme of study will benefit them in their future career.
• One academic reference is required.

Two years with placement

• You will need an undergraduate degree equivalent to a UK undergraduate honours degree ( 2.1 or above ) containing some evidence of quantitative ability.

Get in touch If you need any more help or information, please contact us at Ask NTU or call on +44 (0)115 848 4200 .

NTU may admit a student with advanced standing beyond the beginning of a course, through an assessment of that student's prior learning, whether it is certificated or uncertificated. Our Recognition of Prior Learning and Credit Transfer Policy outlines the process and options available to these prospective students, such as recognising experiential learning or transferring to a similar course at another institution, otherwise known as credit transfer.

All prospective students who wish to apply via Recognition of Prior Learning should initially contact the central Admissions and Enquiries Team who will be able to support you through the process.

Getting in touch

If you need more help or information, get in touch through our enquiry form

International qualifications

We accept qualifications from all over the world – check yours here:

• Entry requirements by country

Postgraduate preparation courses (Pre-Masters)

If you don’t yet meet our entry requirements, we offer Pre-Masters courses through our partner Nottingham Trent International College (NTIC), based on our City Campus:

• Pre-Masters courses leading to postgraduate study at NTU

English language entry requirements

You can meet our language requirements by successfully completing our pre-sessional English course for an agreed length of time, or by submitting the required grade in one of our accepted English language tests, such as IELTS:

• English language requirements
• Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes (PEAP)

Would you like some advice on your study plans?

Our international teams are highly experienced in answering queries from students all over the world. We also have members of staff based in Vietnam, China, India and Nigeria and work with a worldwide network of education counsellors.

• Complete this simple form to keep in touch with the International Office.

Fees and funding

Home fees for september 2024 and january 2025 entry.

*Please note that if you are considering a course that runs over more than one year, the tuition fee stated is for the first year of study. The course fee for the second year may be subject to annual review.

Additional costs

Your course fees cover the cost of studies, and include loads of great benefits, such as the use of our  City Campus library , support from our expert  Employability team , and free use of the  IT equipment across our campuses .

You may choose to purchase core text books for your course, and prices for these may vary. However, our library is home to four floors of books, journals and materials (many of which you can access online) – meaning you may not need to purchase as many books as you might think!

Whilst on placement students will be expected to pay for accommodation, travel and living costs.

Funding your studies

Preparing for the financial side of student life is important, but there’s no need to feel anxious and confused about it. We hope that our fees and funding page will answer your questions.

Postgraduate loans

The government introduced a new postgraduate loan scheme for Master degrees. The loan will be a contribution towards the costs of study and it will be at the student's discretion to use the loan towards fees, maintenance costs or other costs. Find out more on our  postgraduate loans page.

Scholarships

You might be able to get a scholarship to help fund your studies. We award  scholarships to those students who can demonstrate excellent achievement, passion and dedication to their studies.

Alumni Discount

We’re happy to be able to offer a  20% alumni discount to most current NTU students and recent NTU alumni. This discount is currently available for those starting an eligible postgraduate taught, postgraduate research or professional course.

For more advice and guidance, you can contact our Student Financial Support Service on Tel:  +44 (0)115 848 2494  or for Scholarship help please contact us on Tel: +44 (0)115 848 4460.

International / EU fees for September 2024 and January 2025 entry

Tuition fees are payable for each year that you are at the University. The level of tuition fees for the second and subsequent years of your postgraduate course may increase in line with inflation and as specified by the UK government.

We offer scholarships of up to 50% of your tuition fee. You can apply for your scholarship when you have an offer to study at NTU.

• International Scholarships

Living costs

Get advice on the cost of living as an international student in Nottingham and how to budget:

• Managing your money

Paying fees

Find out about advanced payments, instalment plan options and how to make payments securely to the University:

• How and when to pay your fees

Additional Costs

Your course fees cover the cost of studies, and include loads of great benefits, such as the use of our library, support from our expert Employability team, and free use of the  IT equipment across our campuses .

Library books

Most study modules will recommend one or more core text books, which most students choose to purchase. Book costs vary and further information is available in the University’s bookshop. Our libraries provide a good supply of essential text books, journals and materials (many of which you can access online) – meaning you may not need to purchase as many books as you might think! There may also be a supply of second-hand books available for purchase from previous year students.

Field trips

All essential field trip costs will be included in your course fees. There may be the opportunity to take part in optional field trips, which do incur additional costs.

Print and copy costs

The University allocates an annual printing and copying allowance of £20 depending on the course you are studying. For more details about costs for additional print and copying required over and above the annual allowance please see the  Printing, photocopying and scanning information on the Library website .

How to apply

Ready to join us?  Apply through our NTU Applicant Portal .

• Register as a new applicant and create an account in the Applicant Portal - don't worry you won't need to complete your application at once, you can come back to it so keep your details safe.
• Fill out and submit your application - make sure to check all the information such as entry requirements before submitting.
• Track the progress of your application – you can do this by logging into the Application Portal.
• Check your offer – As long as you’ve provided all the information we need, we’ll try and make a decision on your application within five to ten working days. However, this can take longer and you should allow at least three weeks for a decision.
• Accept your offer within four weeks - Remember that competition for places is high, and if you don’t accept your offer within four weeks it may lapse. After eight weeks it will be automatically withdrawn.
• Meet the conditions of your offer (if you have any) - Upload all the documents required to meet the conditions of your offer using the My Documents section of the Applicant Portal.

Don’t worry if you’re waiting for results – we recommend applying now, and then adding them to your Application Portal once they arrive.

If you need some help in writing your application you can view our handy tips .

Good luck with your application!

Apply online through our  NTU applicant portal .

Application advice

Apply early so that you have enough time to prepare – processing times for Student visas can vary, for example.  After you've applied, we'll be sending you important emails throughout the application process – so check your emails regularly, including your junk mail folder.

• Follow our guide to the application process

Writing your personal statement

Be honest, thorough, and persuasive – we can only make a decision about your application based on what you tell us:

• Advice on writing a good personal statement

The University's commitment to delivering the educational services advertised .

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This route is designed to build on your first degree in Accounting. Its focus is on developing your understanding by applying theories to practice, covering the subjects that will enable you to complete your professional body entrance exams and progress your career.

FinTech and Financial Markets

This pure Finance route gives you a more in-depth understanding of core financial concepts, theories and tools used in a wide variety of organisations worldwide.

Take the next steps:

How to apply for a postgraduate course.

All you need to know about applying for a postgraduate or professional course here at NTU.

Postgraduate fees and funding

How much will a postgraduate degree at NTU cost you, and what's the best way to fund your studies?

Why choose NTU for postgraduate study?

Find out what studying for a postgraduate degree at NTU can do for you and your career.

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