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Pigment & Resin Technology

ISSN : 0369-9420

Article publication date: 4 July 2008

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a new approach for making a bio‐based adhesive from a new resource, rice bran (RB) adhesive.

Design/methodology/approach

RB solution was prepared and its pHs were adjusted to either 8.5‐9.0 or 10.0‐10.5. The solid content of slurry was controlled at ≈18 per cent and then gelatinised in a water bath shaker at 60°C for 2 h or at 100°C for 1 h. The bonding strength of RB adhesive was determined by testing the strength of three‐layer plywood. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for detecting the reaction energy and curing temperature. According to the DSC analysis, hot pressing at three temperatures was performed to select the best bonding conditions. Then, a two level split‐plot design was used to determine the effects of gelatinisation and pH on the bonding strength of RB adhesive. Thus, the formulation of RB adhesive was optimised. In order to improve the water resistance of RB adhesive, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used as a cross linking agent.

In the study reported here, a RB adhesive was developed by alkaline modification. Very high pH was not necessary, when RB adhesive with pH 10.0‐10.5 was gelatinised at 100°C for 1 h, its bonding strength was significantly lower than pH 8.5‐9.0 gelatinised at 60°C for 2 h. Water resistance of RB adhesive improved significantly when TDI was added as a cross linking agent. Compared to pure RB adhesive, the RB‐TDI mixed adhesive started curing at a higher temperature. For RB adhesive curing, 130°C was a suitable hot pressing temperature.

Research limitations/implications

Though the RB adhesive developed had a good bonding strength, its water resistance and dark colour was not satisfactory, which risks discolour of light colour wood. Further study is needed to solve this problem.

Practical implications

The approach provided a bio‐adhesive with good bonding strength, reasonable working life, and without formaldehyde emission. Based on further study, RB adhesive could be considered a promising alternate adhesive in many applications such as paper board bonding and plywood.

Originality/value

It provided a potential way to utilise by‐product of agriculture, RB as industrial raw material. This will do farmers a great favour. Meanwhile, the modified RB adhesive is promising to partly or completely replace urea formaldehyde resin that mainly used in wood industry, avoiding formaldehyde emission and reducing the dependence on petroleum products.

Wang, W.H. , Zhang, X.Q. and Li, X.P. (2008), "A novel natural adhesive from rice bran", Pigment & Resin Technology , Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1108/03699420810887861

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2008, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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Paperboard adhesive from glutinous rice flour

THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF INDONESIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021: Enhancing Innovations and Applications of Chemical Engineering for Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals

Biodegradable adhesives are essential to be developed to replace synthetic adhesives. This research aims to study the effects of α-amylase enzyme concentration on the process of making adhesives from glutinous rice flour dextrin by examining the ratio of dextrin: CMC: glycerin on glue adhesion. This research was conducted in two stages: the making of dextrin from glutinous rice flour, and then the making of glue from the dextrin. The dextrin was made by mixing glutinous rice flour with water with a concentration of 200 grams/600 mL, then adding the α-amylase enzyme with variations (2 mL, 4 mL, 6 mL, 8 mL, 10 mL) and heated to a temperature of 80oC for 30 minutes, while continuously stirred at 300 rpm. After that, the liquid dextrin was filtered, and then the wet dextrin flour was dried in the sun to a constant weight. The dextrin was then sieved using a 200-mesh sieve. The dextrin was mixed with CMC and glycerin in a specific ratio, then heated to a temperature of 85oC for 20 minutes, and cooled to produce glue. The resulting glue was tested for adhesion. The adhesive strength test was carried out on a paperboard measuring 2.5 cm x 15 cm and 1.15-mm thick. This study found that the weight ratio of dextrin: CMC: glycerin affected the glue adhesion. The best glue adhesion was obtained at the weight ratio of dextrin: CMC: glycerin of 10 grams: 4 grams: 2.1 grams with adhesion of 171.4 N. The highest adhesion was 171.4 N which was better than standard paper glue sold in the market with the adhesion of 65.5 N.

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