will robots replace humans essay

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The rise of artificial intelligence: will robots actually replace people.

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Will robots replace human workers?

Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to permeate our daily lives by 2025. This could have huge implications on several business sectors, most notably healthcare, customer service and logistics. Already, AI is responsible for medical research breakthroughs and climate research, not to mention self-driving cars.

The answer to that seems to be divided. According to Pew Research , about half (48%) of experts surveyed felt that robots and digital agents will displace a significant number of blue- and white-collar jobs. Their concern is that this will increase income inequality and create a mass of virtually unemployable people. The other half (52%) expect robotics and AI to create more jobs than they take. This latter half believes that while AI will replace humans, these experts have faith in human ingenuity to create new jobs, industries, and new ways of making a living—much like at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution.

Of interest in the Pew study, both groups are concerned that our educational institutions are not adequately preparing people for the job market of tomorrow.

What is artificial intelligence?

AI in its simplest form stands for artificial intelligence designed to mimic human intelligence to perform tasks. Advocates of AI see this as a positive step forward. It will make it easier for businesses to identify and rectify problems. AI will potentially improve recruitment, cybersecurity, marketing, and standard operating processes.

AI can process large amounts of data and execute complex algorithms quickly and accurately. Each year, AI is getting "smarter" and increasing business efficiency.

What will it be like to work with robots?

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Leading expert Martina Mara, professor of robopsychology at Johannes Kepler University Linz, suggests we ask a different question: What do we want the future of work to look like? How do we want robots to change our lives? She reminds us that robots are developed by people. While robots can work 24/7, they cannot generalize or contextualize. They have no soft skills.

They're hard wired, literally, to perform highly specific and clearly structured tasks. This is great news for humans—we get to pass off the mundane repetitive tasks and adopt those that require critical thinking and problem solving based on human intuition.

AI is evolving and technology is having an increasingly bigger role, but it will complement and augment most jobs, not replace them. In a study involving 1500 companies, researchers found that the most significant performance improvements occurred when humans and machines worked together. Humans perform three crucial roles: they train machines what to do, explain outcomes especially when those are counterintuitive or controversial, and they sustain responsible use of machines. Robots need us just as much as we need them.

Robots are used to do the heavy lifting, literally. In manufacturing, cobots, context-aware robots, perform repetitive actions dominated by heavy lifting, while their human coworker completes complementary tasks that require more dexterity and judgment.

Whether you are pro-bot or anti-bot, you may not have a choice. Rosie the Robot who worked for the Jetsons is probably still far away, but we already have robots that will vacuum our floors and AI has been used in the customer service industry for years.

We need to begin to look at how we can improve technology-related skills while at the same time promoting characteristically human skills. Creativity, intuition, initiative and critical thinking are human skills that will not likely translate to robots—at least not soon. We should already be thinking of how we as employers and employees can harness robots to augment the work we do.

If not already, it won't be long before your next co-worker is a robot.

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Where machines could replace humans—and where they can’t (yet)

As automation technologies such as machine learning and robotics play an increasingly great role in everyday life, their potential effect on the workplace has, unsurprisingly, become a major focus of research and public concern. The discussion tends toward a Manichean guessing game: which jobs will or won’t be replaced by machines?

In fact, as our research has begun to show, the story is more nuanced. While automation will eliminate very few occupations entirely in the next decade, it will affect portions of almost all jobs to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the type of work they entail. Automation, now going beyond routine manufacturing activities, has the potential, as least with regard to its technical feasibility, to transform sectors such as healthcare and finance, which involve a substantial share of knowledge work.

These conclusions rest on our detailed analysis of 2,000-plus work activities for more than 800 occupations. Using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*Net, we’ve quantified both the amount of time spent on these activities across the economy of the United States and the technical feasibility of automating each of them. The full results, forthcoming in early 2017, will include several other countries, 1 1. For interim insights on our core findings, see Michael Chui, James Manyika, and Mehdi Miremadi, “ Four fundamentals of workplace automation ,” McKinsey Quarterly , November 2015. but we released some initial findings late last year and are following up now with additional interim results.

Last year, we showed that currently demonstrated technologies could automate 45 percent of the activities people are paid to perform and that about 60 percent of all occupations could see 30 percent or more of their constituent activities automated, again with technologies available today. In this article, we examine the technical feasibility, using currently demonstrated technologies, of automating three groups of occupational activities: those that are highly susceptible, less susceptible, and least susceptible to automation. Within each category, we discuss the sectors and occupations where robots and other machines are most—and least—likely to serve as substitutes in activities humans currently perform. Toward the end of this article, we discuss how evolving technologies, such as natural-language generation, could change the outlook, as well as some implications for senior executives who lead increasingly automated enterprises.

Download and print our poster on “Where machines could replace humans—and where they can’t (yet)”

Understanding automation potential.

In discussing automation, we refer to the potential that a given activity could be automated by adopting currently demonstrated technologies, that is to say, whether or not the automation of that activity is technically feasible . 2 2. We define “currently demonstrated technologies” as those that have already exhibited the level of performance and reliability needed to automate 1 or more of the 18 capabilities involved in carrying out work activities. In some cases, that level of performance has been demonstrated through commercially available products, in others through research projects. Each whole occupation is made up of multiple types of activities, each with varying degrees of technical feasibility. Exhibit 1 lists seven top-level groupings of activities we have identified. Occupations in retailing, for example, involve activities such as collecting or processing data, interacting with customers, and setting up merchandise displays (which we classify as physical movement in a predictable environment). Since all of these constituent activities have a different automation potential, we arrive at an overall estimate for the sector by examining the time workers spend on each of them during the workweek.

Technical feasibility is a necessary precondition for automation, but not a complete predictor that an activity will be automated. A second factor to consider is the cost of developing and deploying both the hardware and the software for automation. The cost of labor and related supply-and-demand dynamics represent a third factor: if workers are in abundant supply and significantly less expensive than automation, this could be a decisive argument against it. A fourth factor to consider is the benefits beyond labor substitution, including higher levels of output, better quality, and fewer errors. These are often larger than those of reducing labor costs. Regulatory and social-acceptance issues, such as the degree to which machines are acceptable in any particular setting, must also be weighed. A robot may, in theory, be able to replace some of the functions of a nurse, for example. But for now, the prospect that this might actually happen in a highly visible way could prove unpalatable for many patients, who expect human contact. The potential for automation to take hold in a sector or occupation reflects a subtle interplay between these factors and the trade-offs among them.

Even when machines do take over some human activities in an occupation, this does not necessarily spell the end of the jobs in that line of work. On the contrary, their number at times increases in occupations that have been partly automated, because overall demand for their remaining activities has continued to grow. For example, the large-scale deployment of bar-code scanners and associated point-of-sale systems in the United States in the 1980s reduced labor costs per store by an estimated 4.5 percent and the cost of the groceries consumers bought by 1.4 percent. 3 3. Emek Basker, “Change at the checkout: Tracing the impact of a process innovation,” The Journal of Industrial Economics , June 2015, Volume 63, Number 2, pp. 339–70. It also enabled a number of innovations, including increased promotions. But cashiers were still needed; in fact, their employment grew at an average rate of more than 2 percent between 1980 and 2013.

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The most automatable activities.

Almost one-fifth of the time spent in US workplaces involves performing physical activities or operating machinery in a predictable environment: workers carry out specific actions in well-known settings where changes are relatively easy to anticipate. Through the adaptation and adoption of currently available technologies, we estimate the technical feasibility of automating such activities at 78 percent, the highest of our seven top-level categories (Exhibit 2). Since predictable physical activities figure prominently in sectors such as manufacturing, food service and accommodations, and retailing, these are the most susceptible to automation based on technical considerations alone.

In manufacturing, for example, performing physical activities or operating machinery in a predictable environment represents one-third of the workers’ overall time. The activities range from packaging products to loading materials on production equipment to welding to maintaining equipment. Because of the prevalence of such predictable physical work, some 59 percent of all manufacturing activities could be automated, given technical considerations. The overall technical feasibility, however, masks considerable variance. Within manufacturing, 90 percent of what welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers do, for example, has the technical potential for automation, but for customer-service representatives that feasibility is below 30 percent. The potential varies among companies as well. Our work with manufacturers reveals a wide range of adoption levels—from companies with inconsistent or little use of automation all the way to quite sophisticated users.

Manufacturing, for all its technical potential, is only the second most readily automatable sector in the US economy. A service sector occupies the top spot: accommodations and food service, where almost half of all labor time involves predictable physical activities and the operation of machinery—including preparing, cooking, or serving food; cleaning food-preparation areas; preparing hot and cold beverages; and collecting dirty dishes. According to our analysis, 73 percent of the activities workers perform in food service and accommodations have the potential for automation, based on technical considerations.

Some of this potential is familiar. Automats, or automated cafeterias, for example, have long been in use. Now restaurants are testing new, more sophisticated concepts, like self-service ordering or even robotic servers. Solutions such as Momentum Machines’ hamburger-cooking robot, which can reportedly assemble and cook 360 burgers an hour, could automate a number of cooking and food-preparation activities. But while the technical potential for automating them might be high, the business case must take into account both the benefits and the costs of automation, as well as the labor-supply dynamics discussed earlier. For some of these activities, current wage rates are among the lowest in the United States, reflecting both the skills required and the size of the available labor supply. Since restaurant employees who cook earn an average of about $10 an hour, a business case based solely on reducing labor costs may be unconvincing.

Retailing is another sector with a high technical potential for automation. We estimate that 53 percent of its activities are automatable, though, as in manufacturing, much depends on the specific occupation within the sector. Retailers can take advantage of efficient, technology-driven stock management and logistics, for example. Packaging objects for shipping and stocking merchandise are among the most frequent physical activities in retailing, and they have a high technical potential for automation. So do maintaining records of sales, gathering customer or product information, and other data-collection activities. But retailing also requires cognitive and social skills. Advising customers which cuts of meat or what color shoes to buy requires judgment and emotional intelligence. We calculate that 47 percent of a retail salesperson’s activities have the technical potential to be automated—far less than the 86 percent possible for the sector’s bookkeepers, accountants, and auditing clerks.

As we noted above, however, just because an activity can be automated doesn’t mean that it will be—broader economic factors are at play. The jobs of bookkeepers, accountants, and auditing clerks, for example, require skills and training, so they are scarcer than basic cooks. But the activities they perform cost less to automate, requiring mostly software and a basic computer.

Considerations such as these have led to an observed tendency for higher rates of automation for activities common in some middle-skill jobs—for example, in data collection and data processing. As automation advances in capability, jobs involving higher skills will probably be automated at increasingly high rates.

The heat map in Exhibit 3 highlights the wide variation in how automation could play out, both in individual sectors and for different types of activities within them. 4 4. For a deeper look across all sectors in the US economy, please see the data representations from McKinsey on automation and US jobs, on public.tableau.com .

Activities and sectors in the middle range for automation

Across all occupations in the US economy, one-third of the time spent in the workplace involves collecting and processing data. Both activities have a technical potential for automation exceeding 60 percent. Long ago, many companies automated activities such as administering procurement, processing payrolls, calculating material-resource needs, generating invoices, and using bar codes to track flows of materials. But as technology progresses, computers are helping to increase the scale and quality of these activities. For example, a number of companies now offer solutions that automate entering paper and PDF invoices into computer systems or even processing loan applications. And it’s not just entry-level workers or low-wage clerks who collect and process data; people whose annual incomes exceed $200,000 spend some 31 percent of their time doing those things, as well.

Financial services and insurance provide one example of this phenomenon. The world of finance relies on professional expertise: stock traders and investment bankers live off their wits. Yet about 50 percent of the overall time of the workforce in finance and insurance is devoted to collecting and processing data, where the technical potential for automation is high. Insurance sales agents gather customer or product information and underwriters verify the accuracy of records. Securities and financial sales agents prepare sales or other contracts. Bank tellers verify the accuracy of financial data.

As a result, the financial sector has the technical potential to automate activities taking up 43 percent of its workers’ time. Once again, the potential is far higher for some occupations than for others. For example, we estimate that mortgage brokers spend as much as 90 percent of their time processing applications. Putting in place more sophisticated verification processes for documents and credit applications could reduce that proportion to just more than 60 percent. This would free up mortgage advisers to focus more of their time on advising clients rather than routine processing. Both the customer and the mortgage institution get greater value.

Other activities in the middle range of the technical potential for automation involve large amounts of physical activity or the operation of machinery in unpredictable environments. These types of activities make up a high proportion of the work in sectors such as farming, forestry, and construction and can be found in many other sectors as well.

Examples include operating a crane on a construction site, providing medical care as a first responder, collecting trash in public areas, setting up classroom materials and equipment, and making beds in hotel rooms. The latter two activities are unpredictable largely because the environment keeps changing. Schoolchildren leave bags, books, and coats in a seemingly random manner. Likewise, in a hotel room, different guests throw pillows in different places, may or may not leave clothing on their beds, and clutter up the floor space in different ways.

These activities, requiring greater flexibility than those in a predictable environment, are for now more difficult to automate with currently demonstrated technologies: their automation potential is 25 percent. Should technology advance to handle unpredictable environments with the same ease as predictable ones, the potential for automation would jump to 67 percent. Already, some activities in less predictable settings in farming and construction (such as evaluating the quality of crops, measuring materials, or translating blueprints into work requirements) are more susceptible to automation.

Activities with low technical potential for automation

The hardest activities to automate with currently available technologies are those that involve managing and developing people (9 percent automation potential) or that apply expertise to decision making, planning, or creative work (18 percent). These activities, often characterized as knowledge work, can be as varied as coding software, creating menus, or writing promotional materials. For now, computers do an excellent job with very well-defined activities, such as optimizing trucking routes, but humans still need to determine the proper goals, interpret results, or provide commonsense checks for solutions. The importance of human interaction is evident in two sectors that, so far, have a relatively low technical potential for automation: healthcare and education.

Could a machine do your job?

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Overall, healthcare has a technical potential for automation of about 36 percent, but the potential is lower for health professionals whose daily activities require expertise and direct contact with patients. For example, we estimate that less than 30 percent of a registered nurse’s activities could be automated, based on technical considerations alone. For dental hygienists, that proportion drops to 13 percent.

Nonetheless, some healthcare activities, including preparing food in hospitals and administering non-intravenous medications, could be automated if currently demonstrated technologies were adapted. Data collection, which also accounts for a significant amount of working time in the sector, could become more automated as well. Nursing assistants, for example, spend about two-thirds of their time collecting health information. Even some of the more complex activities that doctors perform, such as administering anesthesia during simple procedures or reading radiological scans, have the technical potential for automation.

Of all the sectors we have examined, the technical feasibility of automation is lowest in education, at least for now. To be sure, digital technology is transforming the field, as can be seen from the myriad classes and learning vehicles available online. Yet the essence of teaching is deep expertise and complex interactions with other people. Together, those two categories—the least automatable of the seven identified in the first exhibit—account for about one-half of the activities in the education sector.

Even so, 27 percent of the activities in education—primarily those that happen outside the classroom or on the sidelines—have the potential to be automated with demonstrated technologies. Janitors and cleaners, for example, clean and monitor building premises. Cooks prepare and serve school food. Administrative assistants maintain inventory records and personnel information. The automation of these data-collection and processing activities may help to reduce the growth of the administrative expenses of education and to lower its cost without affecting its quality.

Looking ahead

As technology develops, robotics and machine learning will make greater inroads into activities that today have only a low technical potential for automation. New techniques, for example, are enabling safer and more enhanced physical collaboration between robots and humans in what are now considered unpredictable environments. These developments could enable the automation of more activities in sectors such as construction. Artificial intelligence can be used to design components in engineer-heavy sectors.

One of the biggest technological breakthroughs would come if machines were to develop an understanding of natural language on par with median human performance—that is, if computers gained the ability to recognize the concepts in everyday communication between people. In retailing, such natural-language advances would increase the technical potential for automation from 53 percent of all labor time to 60 percent. In finance and insurance, the leap would be even greater, to 66 percent, from 43 percent. In healthcare, too, while we don’t believe currently demonstrated technologies could accomplish all of the activities needed to diagnose and treat patients, technology will become more capable over time. Robots may not be cleaning your teeth or teaching your children quite yet, but that doesn’t mean they won’t in the future.

As stated at the outset, though, simply considering the technical potential for automation is not enough to assess how much of it will occur in particular activities. The actual level will reflect the interplay of the technical potential, the benefits and costs (or the business case), the supply-and-demand dynamics of labor, and various regulatory and social factors related to acceptability.

Leading more automated enterprises

Automation could transform the workplace for everyone, including senior management. The rapid evolution of technology can make harnessing its potential and avoiding its pitfalls especially complex. In some industries, such as retailing, automation is already changing the nature of competition. E-commerce players, for example, compete with traditional retailers by using both physical automation (such as robots in warehouses) and the automation of knowledge work (including algorithms that alert shoppers to items they may want to buy). In mining, autonomous haulage systems that transport ore inside mines more safely and efficiently than human operators do could also deliver a step change in productivity.

Top executives will first and foremost need to identify where automation could transform their own organizations and then put a plan in place to migrate to new business processes enabled by automation. A heat map of potential automation activities within companies can help to guide, identify, and prioritize the potential processes and activities that could be transformed. As we have noted, the key question will be where and how to unlock value, given the cost of replacing human labor with machines. The majority of the benefits may come not from reducing labor costs but from raising productivity through fewer errors, higher output, and improved quality, safety, and speed.

It is never too early to prepare for the future. To get ready for automation’s advances tomorrow, executives must challenge themselves to understand the data and automation technologies on the horizon today. But more than data and technological savvy are required to capture value from automation. The greater challenges are the workforce and organizational changes that leaders will have to put in place as automation upends entire business processes, as well as the culture of organizations, which must learn to view automation as a reliable productivity lever. Senior leaders, for their part, will need to “let go” in ways that run counter to a century of organizational development. 5 5. See Martin Dewhurst and Paul Willmott, “ Manager and machine: The new leadership equation ,” McKinsey Quarterly , September 2014.

Understanding the activities that are most susceptible to automation from a technical perspective could provide a unique opportunity to rethink how workers engage with their jobs and how digital labor platforms can better connect individuals, teams, and projects. 6 6. See Aaron De Smet, Susan Lund, and William Schaninger, “ Organizing for the future ,” McKinsey Quarterly , January 2016., It could also inspire top managers to think about how many of their own activities could be better and more efficiently executed by machines, freeing up executive time to focus on the core competencies that no robot or algorithm can replace—as yet.

Could a machine do your job? Find out on Tableau Public , where we analyzed more than 800 occupations to assess the extent to which they could be automated using existing technology.

Michael Chui is a partner in McKinsey’s San Francisco office, where James Manyika is a senior partner; Mehdi Miremadi is a partner in the Chicago office.

The authors wish to thank Rick Cavolo for his contributions to this article.

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Can Robots Replace Humans?

This essay will explore the potential of robots to replace humans in various fields. It will discuss advancements in AI and robotics technology, potential benefits, and ethical considerations. The piece will analyze the balance between human labor and automation, considering both economic and social implications. At PapersOwl, you’ll also come across free essay samples that pertain to Artificial Intelligence.

How it works

25 years ago a blockbuster “Terminator” predicted to a humanity a war with robots. It was so convincing that many people have interpreted this story as the most likely forecast and a reason for serious fears. These days robots and artificial intelligence are far from the military confrontation with people or conscious capture of any systems. However, it is commonly believed that instead of taking our lives, robots will take our jobs. In his article ‘As Robots Threaten More Jobs, Human Skills Will Save Us’, Mohanbir Sawhney writes that according to Oxford University 47% of a US job market is at risk because of computerization.

Moreover, McKinsey Global Institute research predicts that ‘45% of job activities can be automated, and 30% of workers face the prospect that at least 60% of their work content can be done by machines.’ Although these records are very impressive, I believe that jobs are not at risk of being replaced by digital technology and robots because AI will create much more job positions than it eliminates; robots are not as clever as humans are; technology cannot replace the human touch.

Since the times of the First Industrial Revolution, there has been no precedent when the advancement of technology increased the level of unemployment. In his work ‘Capital’, Karl Marx predicted that mechanization would lead to a reduction in a labor market. At first glance, it seems that there is no doubt in the accuracy of his opinion: an automatic drilling machine can drill 400 holes per hour, unlike a person who can drill only 40. It means that one machine can replace ten people. However, something different has happened: the nature of employment has changed. For example, a percentage of employment in the U.S. in agriculture have decreased from 81% to 31% in 1910 over a hundred years. What is more, Elon Musk, Bill Gates and Stephen Hawking who predict massive unemployment because of machines, might also be wrong. Let’s look at the example with a drilling machine. If this new technology is able to replace 10 workers, then people will be required to produce drilling machines. Those who previously drilled holes manually will now produce machines. In addition, the machine will require steel. It must also be smelted by someone, etc. We have observed such processes throughout the history of humanity. For instance, the emergence of the car Model T by Ford has reduced the need for blacksmiths, but much more workforce was needed to build roads and make tires. Referring to the article ‘ Why Robots Will Not Take Over Human Jobs?’ by Andrew Arnold, a study from Gartner Research states that by 2020 around 1.8 million jobs will be lost and 2.3 million will be created. I believe, that robots will replace low-paying, boring, routine work and will create jobs positions that do not exist today. For instance, people who will construct robots, software developers, maintenance experts, etc. From my point of view, this change in a job market will help to improve the overall economy.

One more reason why machines cannot replace human jobs is that people are smarter than robots. Contrary to all programming achievements, robots did not become truly smart: they are still ‘cans’ with a narrow specialization. They do not know how to act according to circumstances, poorly adapted for work together with people, but they are coping with monotonous actions and maintain a perfect quality of work even after thousands of the same approaches. In other words, robots can only do particular tasks according to the algorithm. Andrew Arnold writes, ‘humans are in control and the technology providing what it is programmed to provide.’ In case of any deviations from ‘white and black ‘ AI will shift the decision to people. Everywhere, where robots have to deal with unpredictable people, the technology sooner or later fails. Even voice assistants instead of living professionals in the call center cannot become popular. Cellular operators continue to spend money on people who solve problems more effectively, than AI. What is more, self-driving cars have not become independent. They were stuffed with ultrasound, radar, and binocular sensors; they were taught to understand the driving rules, however, self-driving cars are still more dangerous on public roads than, for example, low-paid, without perfect vision and opportunity to see the road to all 180 degrees of public transport drivers.

Finally, as believed by Arnold, technology cannot replace the need for teamwork, leadership, creative thinking, problem-solving. Even when robots and AI will become much more powerful, there are still many things that are not able to do. For example, creativity, new ideas, exploration of the world, art, science, entertainment, caring for others. A robot would never become a psychologist, a musician, an artist or a singer. ‘Can a robot write a symphony? Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece? questioned Will Smith in the movie ‘I, Robot’. I claim, that the answer is most likely no. In addition, people need each other. Performing a solution or analyzing data is a job for robots. But who will talk to people, helping to make the right decision? People still want to deal with a person in some instances.

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The AI revolution is coming to robots: how will it change them?

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Humanoid robots developed by the US company Figure use OpenAI programming for language and vision. Credit: AP Photo/Jae C. Hong/Alamy

For a generation of scientists raised watching Star Wars, there’s a disappointing lack of C-3PO-like droids wandering around our cities and homes. Where are the humanoid robots fuelled with common sense that can help around the house and workplace?

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Correction 31 May 2024 : An earlier version of this feature gave the wrong name for Nvidia’s simulated world.

Brohan, A. et al. Preprint at arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.15818 (2023).

Khazatsky, A. et al. Preprint at arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.12945 (2024).

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Why Robots May Not Replace Humans After All

• By Megan E. Doherty
• July 07, 2017
• CBR - Economics
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Economist John Maynard Keynes conjectured in 1930 that all human workers would be replaced by machines, leading to “technological unemployment.” This and similar prophesies have inspired a cottage industry of research examining what might happen in a robot-led future. Previous studies, including the 2016 World Bank’s World Development Report, have estimated that roughly half of all workers will be at risk of losing their jobs to automation over the next 20 years.

But MIT’s Daron Acemoglu and Boston University’s Pascual Restrepo  analyze the effect of industrial robots and find a more modest effect on job loss.

Industrial robots (IRs) are fully autonomous, reprogrammable, multipurpose machines, such as those used in the automotive industry. Acemoglu and Restrepo analyzed IRs’ effect on 19 industries between 1990 and 2007. They used data from nine European economies as a proxy for the United States prior to 2004, which is when data on the degree of exposure to IRs within specific industries, beyond the aggregate total, became available in the US.

Their findings indicate that introducing one new robot per 1,000 workers reduced the overall employment‐to‐population ratio by between 0.18 and 0.34 percentage points and wages by 0.25 to 0.5 percent. This is equivalent to each robot causing between 3 and 5.6 workers to lose their jobs.

The findings suggest that the impact of robots is distinct from, and only weakly correlated with, potentially confounding variables.

The researchers caution that it can be hard to estimate these aggregate results because, while automation may displace workers, directly lowering employment opportunities and wages, other industries might hire those laborers. Furthermore, there could be productivity gains that may wind up expanding employment opportunities in the very industries in which IRs are used.

The findings suggest that the impact of robots is distinct from, and only weakly correlated with, potentially confounding variables such as imports, offshoring, the decline of routine jobs (such as information processing), and other computer technology. The researchers also determined that their results, in areas that saw great increases in robot usage, were not due to a preexisting downward trend in employment or wages prior to 1990.

The effects they observe were more pronounced among men, people with less than a college degree, workers in manual and blue-collar occupations, and those in industries that have adopted a greater share of robots.

With relatively few robots (the total is estimated to be between 1.5 and 1.75 million) in the US economy, the number of jobs lost due to robots so far is between 360,000 and 670,000, the researchers estimate. Even if the number of IRs across the world were to quadruple by 2025, it would lead to only a 0.94–1.76 percentage-point drop in the employment‐to‐population ratio, and to between 1.3 and 2.6 percent lower wage growth.

Works Cited

Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo, “Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets,” NBER working paper, March 2017.

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Essay on Can Robots Replace Humans?

The question of whether robots can replace humans is a common topic for science fiction discussion, but there’s little actual information about how realistic that replacement would be. This essay addresses the practicality of robots replacing humans for certain tasks.

Essay on Can Robots Replace Humans

Introduction.

But there is also another side of this issue which we must consider before thinking about replacing humans with robots: robots cannot feel emotions or think creatively like humans do so there will be some limitations for them as well.

The main disadvantage of the process is that people may become lazy because of their dependence on robots

Another drawback is that people might not have any incentive for learning new things since everything is available at their fingertips just by pressing a button or making a voice command. As a result, there will be no reason for them to learn anything new because everything can be given away by robots easily.

Mostly humans are dependent on robots and hence would stop thinking independently and keep relying only on machines which doesn’t allow them taking decisions based on logic rather than emotions which might lead us into chaos due to lack of rationality among people leading towards social unrests and mass protests at least initially but later we might find better solutions through mutual cooperation between man & machine.”

Today, we have a new population that is anxious about the future

Some people believe that robots will replace humans in many jobs in the future. They think that robots are more efficient than human beings, so businesses should use them instead of hiring people to do those tasks. Other people believe that robots can help human beings by doing hard work for us or providing companionship when we need it most. Some people even think that robots will both replace and assist humans in different aspects of life as well as interact with each other!

A robot will do your homework for you

In our digital era, some people think that automation and robotization might replace human jobs in near future.

The first benefit of automation is that it can save time, thus adding value to the task at hand. This can also be combined with other tools for increased efficiency and accuracy. As an example, if you need to do a lot of research related activities such as searching for information from different websites or documents, then using an automated tool will make things easier for you as compared to doing everything manually.

Another benefit is that using an automated tool can help you reduce costs associated with performing the same tasks yourself since technology has become cheaper over time while its functionality has also increased significantly over time due to innovation in technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) systems which are able to learn from previous experiences instead of being programmed explicitly like traditional computer software applications were before them.

In recent decades, there has been a great deal of talk about robots taking over the world

In recent decades, there has been a great deal of talk about robots taking over the world. The idea is that artificial intelligence will become so advanced that machines will be able to think for themselves and make their own decisions. This means they’ll be able to do things without human input or control.

Robots are currently being used in many different industries. They are being used to do things that are dangerous for humans, such as exploring space or working in construction sites where there could be dangerous conditions like high temperatures or intense radiation levels. They’re also being used to do things that are repetitive and boring, such as operating assembly lines in factories or performing other menial tasks at home (e.g., vacuuming).

It is true that artificial intelligence is developing very fast but it will not completely replace human beings in the foreseeable future

The reason for this is because robots are not capable of the same level of creativity as humans, and even if they were, some tasks are better performed by people rather than machines.

Let’s consider three strengths that robots do not have: creativity, empathy and social skills. Robots cannot be creative because they cannot think independently from what they have been programmed to do.

It is true that artificial intelligence is developing very fast but it will not completely replace human beings in the foreseeable future. Robots are only good for doing a few things and we need humans to do other tasks. In conclusion, I would say that robots cannot replace human workers because they are not capable enough to perform all kinds of jobs.

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Will robots take our jobs?

Three CAS experts share their ideas for what it means to be human in a world of AI

August 28, 2023 | in The Big Question

By Ana Rico (COM’25)

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more advanced and powerful — processing vast amounts of data, performing complex tasks, generating new ideas, designs, and, even language, new questions have emerged: What does it mean for privacy? Fairness? Transparency? Accountability? What does it mean for humanity? What does it mean for our jobs? 

When we asked ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence-infused chatbot said: “Being human in the age of AI means navigating a world where technology is increasingly integrated into our lives and has the potential to reshape our society, economy, and even our understanding of what it means to be human.” 

AI systems can complement human abilities; but they cannot replace human creativity, imagination, or emotional intelligence. Being human in the age of AI means grappling with these questions, adapting to new ways of working and living alongside AI, leveraging its strengths while also recognizing its limitations; celebrating and cultivating our ability to dream, create, and imagine new possibilities.

To help us understand all of this, and learn where artificial intelligence falls short, we asked three CAS faculty members in three different fields — Economics, Philosophy, and Psychological and Brain Sciences — are robots taking over our jobs?

Pascual Restrepo, an associate Professor of Economics whose research focuses on the impact of technology on labor markets, employment, wages, inequality, and growth. His most recent publication, “Demographics and Automation,” studies the impact of industrial robots on US labor markets. 

Juliet Floyd, Borden Parker Browne Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Boston University Center for the Humanities. A philosopher on logic, language, mathematics, and science, she has written over 80 articles, one of them on the topic of opacity in AI and the concepts of “rigor” and the “everyday.” ‘

Rachel Denison, an Assistant Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences who studies visual perception, attention, and decision making. Her research focuses on how the brain integrates visual information in real-time to produce a coherent perceptual experience. 

Pascual Restrepo , associate Professor of Economics

Focusing on the sheer number of jobs or total hours worked is misguided. The real concern is whether technological advancements are paving the way toward a future where large segments of society find their skills and abilities undervalued, leaving them without access to high-pay jobs where they can provide value. In such a scenario, a small group of individuals would have a significant stake in the economy, while the majority would have minimal input and no access to meaningful work.

This scenario is eerily reminiscent of Kurt Vonnegut’s novel Player Piano , where automation and machines have replaced most human labor, leading to a stark division between the few who maintain the machines and the majority who are left without access to meaningful work.

Are we heading to a future with a scarcity of valuable jobs for a significant segment of society? It is hard to tell. Technology will undoubtedly eliminate some roles for humans, but it is also likely to create new ones. The nature of jobs will inevitably change, as it has throughout history. The critical question is whether these new roles will generate enough demand for workers with diverse skills or will they only benefit a select few with highly sought-after skills, much like Vonnegut’s engineers.

During the initial stages of the industrial revolution, the transition wasn’t smooth, and it took some time for technological progress to raise everyone’s wages and create broad-based access to valuable employment opportunities. In the last 40 years, we have seen a similar trend, with technological progress automating or devaluing some jobs and skills more than it has created new employment opportunities, especially for workers without a college degree. This is evidenced by the stagnant wages and decreasing employment opportunities for non-college-educated Americans since 1980. 

We can’t definitively say that robots and AI will leave many without access to good, high-paying jobs. But we should not rule out this possibility either. Our best course of action requires acknowledging the potential for significant shifts in the job market and preparing accordingly, lest we find ourselves in a reality akin to Vonnegut’s Player Piano.

Juliet Floyd , Borden Parker Bowne Professor of Philosophy and director of the Boston University Center for the Humanities

Step-by-step, rule-determined tasks can be automated. ChatGPT can generate pretty good, sometimes accurate, web-scraped B-level reporting on facts, more grammatically than some humans, because most of what we say in everyday life is predictable. However, human philosophical and ethical experience — reflection, discussion and personal growth — cannot be automated. As Arendt put it: “vitality and liveliness can be conserved only to the extent that [humans] are willing to take the burden, the toil and trouble of life, upon themselves”. Maybe more of us should and will pursue more forms of work, but not as a job.

In the history of capitalism, jobs have frequently been created from technological shifts, but disruptions made life brutally difficult for those whose expertise is displaced. Today we are all dependent upon AI and are undergoing a major shift in forms of vulnerability. Startups seemed romantic until many young workers didn’t get paid. When flights are canceled, the remarkably dense efficiency of our air transportation systems crashes, saddling us with huge backups and supply chain snafus. Having one’s phone near one is now almost always a must. Inequality is a major problem, as are climate degradation and the danger of AI-designed superbugs and crowd-sourced mass shooting manuals for Incels. Supermarkets, which were called “self-serve” when they appeared, were far more efficient than old-time, everything-behind-the-counter stores until COVID hit, and then some people again began to ask someone else to pack their bags, and at Amazon it was a robot, while the delivery person was a person. 

We will need AI to save us from AI, whether we like it or not, and we will have to discuss and interpret and include ethics in its uses. There will be plenty to do. Human to human culture, including intergenerational differences, is crucial. GrubHub became popular during COVID: remote work made it romantic to order a meal in — and remote work has the potential to disrupt offices. But people seem to be drifting back toward the idea of going out and being served by a real person, just as some are drifting away from dating apps to human matchmakers . 

Will this last? BU Emerging Media Studies Ph.D. Kate Mays , now a postdoc at Syracuse, showed in her dissertation on emotions and robots that inter-culturally humans have certain preferences in the way robots appear: gender-neutral is the general favorite, female-looking next, and male-looking robots are the least liked. But will this be the same in the next generation? Will it be true for sex robots? How many people will prefer sex robots to humans anyway? Note that while in robotic Fictosexuality a human fantasizes a partner who will never let them down, when the software of a holographic companion is discontinued, one may be worse off . 

Rachel Denison , assistant professor of Psychological & Brain Sciences

For robots to take human jobs, they have to be able to do things that humans do. So which human tasks are easier and harder for robots, and why?

Today’s computer-controlled systems can do two kinds of tasks well—which, interestingly, lie on opposite ends of a spectrum. At one end, industrial machines excel at automation, churning out everything from cars to computer chips. Automation tasks involve repetitive, inflexible behavior in highly-controlled physical environments. Factories can be built to precise specifications for robots to operate according to a fixed program. At the other end, generative AI systems excel at producing infinitely flexible abstract content, in a virtual realm free of physical constraints. 

In between these two extremes of current robot prowess is a large space of tasks that require flexible behavior in uncontrolled physical environments. A rundown of major industries—food, housing, healthcare, retail, transportation, tourism—reminds us how much of our lives still takes place in the messy world. A fundamental challenge of behaving effectively under such conditions is dealing with uncertainty. 

Even just figuring out what is happening in the world at any given moment requires resolving innumerable ambiguities in sensory data. Our eyes and ears give us partial information about what’s out there; our brains fill in the rest. Even though perception feels effortless to us, if you’ve ever looked at an ambiguous image like the duck-rabbit or old woman-young woman , you’ll know that our brains are doing a lot of interpretive work under the hood. Robots will have to do the same to understand what is going on in novel, changing environments. Current computer vision systems in self-driving cars still make mistakes humans never would. 

Making a guess about what’s happening is one thing; deciding what to do about what’s happening is quite another. But the challenge of handling uncertainty is at the heart of decision making, too. In the course of our jobs, we often have to make quick decisions using incomplete information. How should I handle this customer who just snapped at me? Should I perform emergency surgery on this patient? We often simply cannot get all the information we wish we had in order to decide the best course of action, and robots won’t be able to either, despite their vast access to stores of human knowledge. In many real-world decision scenarios, the most critical information is specific, contextual, and unavailable. 

Robots will likely get better and better at handling uncertainty in perception, decision making, and action. But at the end of the day — barring a wholesale robot takeover — the jobs robots do will be the jobs we let them do. For this reason humans will have to trust robots to make good decisions in the face of all this uncertainty. One interesting possibility is that robots may be able to tell us about their own levels of confidence in their judgment calls — a process that requires metacognition, or thinking about one’s own thoughts. The better their metacognition, the more we’ll trust them. And the sooner we’ll be able to step in when they’re out of their depths. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Interested in learning more? Join Arts & Sciences for the 2023 Gitner Family Lecture , “What does it mean to be human in the world of AI?” with Arts & Sciences faculty members  Margarita Guillory , associate professor of religion;  Rachell Powell , professor of philosophy;  Rachel Denison , assistant professor of psychology & brain sciences; Pascual Restrepo , associate professor of economics.

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Home — Essay Samples — Information Science and Technology — Artificial Intelligence — Robots And AI Will Replace Most Human Work: A Discussion

Robots and Ai Will Replace Most Human Work: a Discussion

• Categories: Artificial Intelligence Impact of Technology Robots

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Words: 1560 |

Published: Dec 16, 2021

Words: 1560 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Works Cited

• Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.). Pearson.
• Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press.
• Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
• Ford, M. (2015). Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. Basic Books.
• Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2017). Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future. W. W. Norton & Company.
• Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford University Press.
• Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 189, OECD Publishing.
• Brynjolfsson, E., Rock, D., & Syverson, C. (2017). Artificial Intelligence and the End of Work. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(3), 93-99.
• Manyika, J., Chui, M., Miremadi, M., Bughin, J., George, K., Willmott, P., & Dewhurst, M. (2017). A Future That Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity. McKinsey Global Institute.
• Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerization? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254-280.

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Essay on Robots Cannot Replace Humans

Students are often asked to write an essay on Robots Cannot Replace Humans in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Robots Cannot Replace Humans

Robots and humans.

Robots are machines that can do some jobs that humans do. They can work in factories, hospitals, and even homes. But, they can’t replace humans. They don’t have feelings, thoughts, or creativity like us.

Feelings and Emotions

Humans have feelings like love, happiness, and sadness. Robots can’t feel these emotions. They can’t understand how we feel or why we feel that way. This makes them different from us.

Human Creativity

Humans can think of new ideas and create things. Robots can only do what they are programmed to do. They can’t come up with new ideas or create things on their own.

Human Relationships

Humans can build relationships. We can make friends, fall in love, and care for each other. Robots can’t do this. They can’t form bonds or care for others.

250 Words Essay on Robots Cannot Replace Humans

Introduction.

Robots are machines that can do a lot of things. They can help us in many ways. But, they cannot replace humans. Here’s why.

Emotions and Feelings

Humans can feel emotions like love, sadness, and happiness. We can understand what others are going through. Robots can’t do this. They can’t feel or understand emotions. They just follow the instructions given to them.

Creativity and Innovation

Humans are creative. We can think of new ideas and solve problems in different ways. Robots can’t do this. They can only do what they are programmed to do. They can’t think out of the box or come up with new ideas.

Making Decisions

Humans can make decisions based on their feelings, experiences, and knowledge. Robots can’t do this. They can only make decisions based on the data they have. They can’t consider feelings or experiences.

Understanding Complex Situations

Humans can understand complex situations. We can understand things that are not clear or easy to understand. Robots can’t do this. They can only understand things that are clear and easy to understand.

500 Words Essay on Robots Cannot Replace Humans

Robots are machines that are programmed by humans to perform tasks. They can do many things like cooking, cleaning, and even complex tasks like performing surgeries. But, even with all these abilities, robots cannot replace humans. This essay will explain why.

Humans have emotions and feelings. We feel happy, sad, angry, and many other emotions. Robots, on the other hand, cannot feel emotions. They do not know what it feels like to be happy or sad. They just follow the instructions given to them. This is a big reason why robots cannot replace humans. Our emotions make us unique and special.

Creativity and Imagination

Human interaction.

Humans need to interact with other humans. We need to talk, laugh, and share our feelings with others. Robots cannot do this. They can talk and respond to commands, but they cannot understand or share human feelings. This makes it hard for robots to replace humans in jobs that require human interaction, like teaching or nursing.

Moral and Ethical Judgement

Moral and ethical judgement is another area where humans excel. We can understand right from wrong, and we can make decisions based on our understanding. Robots do not have this ability. They can only follow the rules programmed into them. They cannot understand or make moral and ethical decisions. This is another reason why robots cannot replace humans.

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Why Robots Won’t Steal Your Job

• Nahia Orduña

AI will actually help young people find more satisfying entry-level roles.

According to the World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report 2020, 85 million jobs may be displaced by the shift in labor between humans and machines by 2025, while 97 million new roles may emerge. These are the “jobs of the future,” and they are actually better opportunities for early career professionals. Why?

• The more computers are trained to conduct high-repetitive tasks that are often assigned to entry-level employees, the more roles focused on complex tasks with competitive salaries will arise in their place.
• As new types of roles — roles that no one has done before — are created, young workers are less likely to be forced to compete with their seniors, and more likely to be pioneers
• So, how should you prepare to land one of these roles? First, do a simple Google search. Include the name of your industry plus key phrases like “future of work,” or “job trends in [industry]” to see what positions are up and coming in your area of interest.
• Next, figure out what skills you have to master to be a competitive candidate. You can find these within job descriptions, or by researching people in similar roles on LinkedIn.
• Finally, figure out what unique qualities you will bring to the table. Ask yourself: Which skills have I acquired over the years because of who I am, where I am from, or what I am passionate about? The ability to combine the new skills you have acquired with what makes you unique will help you build a resume that stands out.

Science-fiction films and novels usually portray robots as one of two things: destroyers of the human race or friendly helpers. The common theme is that these stories happen in an alternate universe or a fantasy version of the future. Not here, and not now — until recently. The big difference is that the robots have come not to destroy our lives, but to disrupt our work.

• NO Nahia Orduña is an engineer holding a MBA and a technical leader at Amazon Web Services . She is the author of Your Digital Reinvention . Learn more about the Future of Work and find free tools to thrive in the digital world at https://nahiaorduna.com.

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Will Robots Replace Human Employment? Essay

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• Abdalla, S., Spenser S., Linda F., and Mark R. (2013). Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. (3rd ed.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525209
• Autor, D., (2015). Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 29, Number 3. https://ifr.org/downloads/papers/IFR_The_Impact_of_Robots_on_Employment_Positioning_Paper_updated_version_2018.pdf
• Boston Consulting Group. (2015). The Robotics Revolution. https://ifr.org/downloads/papers/IFR_The_Impact_of_Robots_on_Employment_Positioning_Paper.pdf
• Fook, L., Loke, H. (2017). WILL ROBOTS REPLACE ACCOUNTANTS? Journal.isca.org.sg. https://journal.isca.org.sg/2017/07/25/will-robots-replace-accountants/pugpig_index.html
• Lin, P. (2016). Relationships With Robots: Good Or Bad For Humans? Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/patricklin/2016/02/01/relationships-with-robots-good-or-bad-for-humans/?sh=5fb0843c7adc
• Matthews, K. (2019). 5 Ways Robotics Will Disrupt The Construction Industry In 2019. Robotics Business Review. https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/news/5-ways-robotics-will-disrupt-construction-industry-in-2019
• Oxford Economics (2019). Robots 'to replace up to 20 million factory jobs' by 2030. BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48760799
• Schilperoort, L. (2020). 10 Common Jobs To Be Replaced By Robots Within 5 Years – Job Tradition. Jobtradition.com. https://www.jobtradition.com/10-common-jobs-to-be-replaced-by-robots-within-5-years
• Stancheva, E. (2018). HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS CHALLENGING ACCOUNTING PROFESSION. https://ifr.org/downloads/papers/IFR_The_Impact_of_Robot_on_Employment_Positioning_Paper_updated_version_2018.pdf

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Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities Essay

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Introduction

Technologies in the times of the covid-19, robots replacing humans in workplace, robots and ai in healthcare, threats and opportunities, new spheres of professional skills, works cited.

The problem of machines replacing human labor is vital not only in our perception of the present, where robots and artificial intelligence are gradually replacing humans. In fact, this situation can be traced in history for centuries. Many technologies are associated with the simplification of complex functions, and progress in this way has historically eliminated the need for one or another human labor. However, due to the digitalization and automation of many processes, the workforce began to be supplanted by computers even more intensively.

Additional worrisome prospects are observed precisely in the 2020s, when the pandemic that swept the world changed the rules of doing business and began to dictate its own rules. Due to the need for companies and industries to continue functioning, while people found themselves in a situation of needing to isolate themselves from each other, robots have replaced many workers. Automation of initially human work turned out to be not only safer based on the pandemic situation, but also proved to be more cost-effective. Many of the costs of complying with the isolation rules, the costs associated with the spread of the disease, can actually be offset by replacing the workforce with robots. Analysts predict robots could replace two million manufacturing workers by 2025 (Semuels). However, this data may be changed because the COVID-19 impact is hard to predict, understand, and analyze.

Robots are able to perform basic work at a high level due to a number of skills to be implemented as a part of their programs. As a rule, such work does not require specific social intelligence like emotional involvement or the manifestation of social and intellectual education (Partington). Artificial intelligence can be used to make automated calls, notifying the addressee or even providing automated assistance, and advice to a live interlocutor. Robots are gradually displacing the workforce in the textile and clothing industries, leaving a large number of the lower class in India out of work, unable to obtain other income. Automation is a rapidly evolving process in the service industry, as cashiers and waiters can potentially be supplanted by machines. The ongoing process of automation in the service sector has the potential to leave millions of people unemployed.

The use of robots in medicine has a long history, since robots performed the simplest operations back in the 1990s. However, at the moment, artificial intelligence can be used not only for performing mechanical physical labor. The mechanisms turn out to be able to solve intellectual problems using the loaded database for decision making. Algorithms designed to analyze medical history and establish a diagnosis and treatment strategy are already being actively implemented in hospitals. At the moment, the automatic diagnostic process can demonstrate itself as more reasonable and qualified than the conclusions of another medical worker, simply by virtue of the ability to process more information. Thus, the professions, like those of diagnostic doctors or nurse coordinators, can be easily replaced by an analytical program.

Many benefits and threats are usually associated with the implementation of robots in everyday activities. At the moment, it is claimed that more than 1.5 million rudimentary work tasks have been replaced with automated process execution by robots (Casey and Nzau). The threat of robots crowding out machine labor implies not only the loss of jobs, but also the impoverishment of certain classes of the population of countries. Workers who have lost the ability to provide for their families require state social support. The state can support the new volunteers of unemployment by providing financial assistance. However, more valuable would be the opportunity for emergency professional retraining that allows them to adapt to the new workspace. Modern reality implies certain flexibility of human labor skills; however, not everyone, being tied to their work, may be able to adapt to the coming robotic revolution. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the professions market, which, on the contrary, becomes open with the filling of the working environment with robots.

The loss of more unnecessary work positions does not necessarily mean that new jobs requiring new skills will not appear because of ongoing automation. Changes in manufacturing sectors mean the emergence of new professions that will be accordingly appreciated above the previous ones. Rethinking work strategies and implementing new production tactics developed and applied since the coronavirus era will also require new jobs. In general, the claim that robots generate more work than they eliminate seems to be right at this point. However, the work related to the maintenance of robotics and monitoring of machines still requires human control. The same applies to the maintenance and care of service systems in any area, from food to medical. Successful interaction between humans and robots will perhaps be even more appreciated. Also, the modern era, which is increasingly turning into its virtual analog, can offer new jobs in the field of technology, as well as in the development and use of cyber economics.

Employment opportunities of humans undergo multiple changes due to the implementation of robots in different spheres. It is hard to predict the impact of such interventions, but it is wrong to believe that these contributions are of a negative outcome only. It is fundamentally important that, in the foreseeable future, the state should spend as many resources as possible on the adaptation of vulnerable classes of the population to new technological conditions. In other words, people would get an opportunity to study new subjects and learn how to implement their technological knowledge in everyday practice. However, the impossibility of carrying out such programs would mean an impending economic catastrophe for an entire class of the population. Thus, government initiatives should provide a sufficiently suitable ground for training the unemployed in new skills, and this potential crisis can be overcome. New jobs will be added to provide a person with greater comfort since the work performed in a new, robotic world requires more mental than physical activity. In general, robots would increase employment opportunities from one perspective (more comfort and simplicity) but reduce some opportunities from another perspective (replacement of labor).

Casey, Marcus, and Sarah Nzau. “Robots Kill Jobs. But They Create Jobs, too.” Brookings , 2019, Web.

Partington, Richard. “Robots in Workplace ‘Could Create Double the Jobs They Destroy‘.” The Guardian , 2018, Web.

Semuels, Alina. “Millions of Americans Have Lost Jobs in the Pandemic.” Time , 2020, Web.

• Robots: The Use in Everyday Tasks
• Characteristics of Robotics
• Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Organizations
• The Invento Robotics Products Analysis
• Will Robots Take Over Human Jobs?
• The Capstone Project: The Analysis of Uipath
• Robotization and Employment: An Ethical Analysis
• Robot Revolution in the Contemporary Society
• Healthcare Robots: Entering the Era of a Technological Breakthrough
• “A Robot Can Be Warehouse Worker’s Pal” by Jennifer Smith
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2022, December 16). Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities. https://ivypanda.com/essays/robots-impact-and-human-employment-opportunities/

"Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities." IvyPanda , 16 Dec. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/robots-impact-and-human-employment-opportunities/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities'. 16 December.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities." December 16, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/robots-impact-and-human-employment-opportunities/.

1. IvyPanda . "Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities." December 16, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/robots-impact-and-human-employment-opportunities/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities." December 16, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/robots-impact-and-human-employment-opportunities/.

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IELTS essay 2: Will robots replace humans?

Some people says that robots will replace humans in the workplace.   1) Which jobs are the most likely to be affected? 2) Is this a positive or negative development? It is predicted that robots will replace a greater number of human workers in the future. This essay will first discuss the professions that are susceptible to automation and will then outline how robots can eventually benefit society. According to scientists, automation is expected to affect manual labour the most. This is because jobs that involve manipulating small objects can be easily performed by robots. A recent study from the Ministry of Works claimed that by the year 2030 one-third of the existing jobs will have disappeared due to machines programmed by artificial intelligence. However, certain experts with superior mental dexterity skills will be still needed, such as dentists. Although various blue-collar jobs might be threatened by automation, robots are likely to bring tremendous benefits to our lives. Robots can do repetitive and monotone tasks efficiently and errorlessly. According to a survey carried out in the Department of Computer Sciences, job tasks like answering the phone or filling in a patient form could be done by robots. As a result, cognitive labour, such as lawyers and doctors, can concentrate on more demanding tasks, which require analytic thinking and research skills. Thus, it can be argued that this development is chiefly positive. In conclusion, I would argue that although some manual vacancies are at risk to disappear, the advantages of automation outweigh disadvantages. Robots can reliably handle many manual tasks that humans usually consider mundane and uninteresting.

This is great! Very few mistakes. Well done :)