essay on green revolution in urdu

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Green Revolution Essay in 100, 200, and 500 Words

• Updated on  
• Feb 26, 2024

Norman Borlaug, an American Agronomist, is regarded as the father of the Green Revolution. His scientific methods of introducing modern agricultural techniques allowed the world to sustain agricultural production. In India, M.S. Swaminathan is known as the father of the green revolution. 

Green Revolution essay requires you to write compelling details about its history, early developments, modern techniques used, how it helped with production, etc. In this article, we will discuss some samples of Green Revolution essays. 

Table of Contents

• 1 Green Revolution Essay in 100 Words
• 2 Green Revolution Essay in 200 Words
• 3.1 Green Revolution in India
• 3.2 Challenges and Concerns

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Green Revolution Essay in 100 Words

‘Agriculture is one of the most popular essay topics in school and higher education. Several reasons make agriculture an important point of discussion, as it forms the basis of economic, social, and environmental aspects of countries. A country with a surplus amount of agricultural production not only sustains its population but also exports products to different countries.

Major developments in the agricultural sector started in the 1950s when modern technologies to increase production were introduced. However, an American agronomist, Norman Borlaug , changed the entire agricultural market, by introducing the Green Revolution. In India, it was Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, who is credited with the development of agricultural production and was given the title of the Father of Green Revolution in India.’

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Green Revolution Essay in 200 Words

‘Green revolution refers to the introduction of modern technologies to increase agricultural productivity. The credit for the Green Revolution is given to Norman Borlaug , who, in the 1960s, conducted multiple studies to increase farm productivity. Norman’s research focused on two aspects; to increase agricultural production and enhance the food quality.

Agricultural production is the primary source of food for humans and various other animals. It provides a diverse range of crops, livestock, and other food products necessary for sustaining human life. A reliable and sufficient agricultural sector is essential for ensuring food security and preventing hunger.

In India, M.S. Swaminathan is regarded as the Father of the Green Revolution. His scientific methods and studies allowed India to increase its agricultural production and become a sustainable country. Swaminathan’s efforts also contributed to India’s economic growth. In India, more than 50% of the population is employed in agriculture or related occupations. These people were able to extract natural resources to their full potential with the modern techniques introduced by MS Swaminathan.

Today, India is the largest producer of milk, pulses, and jute. Not only this, India is the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables, fruit, and cotton. The Green Revolution was a transformative phase in the history of India and the world, where agricultural production was able to sustain the entire population.’

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Green Revolution Essay in 500 Words

‘The Green Revolution was the period of agricultural transformation where modern approaches were introduced for high-yielding crop varieties, advanced agricultural technologies, and improved management practices. The real game changer was Norman Borlaug, who developed high-yielding varieties of wheat that were resistant to diseases, adapted to different climates, and responsive to fertilizers. His efforts earned him the title of ‘Father of the Green Revolution.’

The high-yielding crop varieties, coupled with the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, revolutionized farming methods. Simultaneously, mechanization and irrigation practices were also developed, which played a crucial role in enhancing productivity. These developments transformed the farmers from traditional, subsistence-oriented practices to intensive, commercially driven agriculture.

Green Revolution in India

In India, the situation was quite different. India is naturally blessed with the most fertile land on the earth, which allows us to grow two types of crops on the same soil. The cropping pattern in India is different into different groups; Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid. An Indian Agroscientist, MS Swaminathan, took on the arduous task of introducing modern techniques and high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice.

To support the high-yielding varieties, there was a simultaneous effort to expand irrigation facilities across the country. The construction of dams, canals, and tube wells helped ensure a more reliable water supply for crops, reducing dependence on monsoon rains.

The Green Revolution promoted the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance soil fertility and protect crops from pests and diseases. This approach aimed at maximizing yields through intensive agricultural practices. 

One of the primary achievements of the Green Revolution was a substantial increase in agricultural productivity. India transformed from a food-deficient nation to achieving self-sufficiency in food production, particularly in wheat and rice. 

The increased production of food grains contributed significantly to improving food security in the country. The availability of staple crops increased, leading to a more stable food supply and reduced dependence on imports.

The Green Revolution had positive economic implications. Increased agricultural productivity contributed to rural development, reduced poverty, and provided a foundation for overall economic growth.

Challenges and Concerns

The Green Revolution also had some negative effects. The intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides raised environmental concerns, leading to issues such as soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. 

Social and economic disparities emerged due to the uneven distribution of land and other resources. Large landowners and farmers with access to resources benefited more than small and marginal farmers, contributing to social and economic disparities.

The expansion of irrigation, particularly through groundwater extraction, led to concerns about the depletion of water resources in certain regions. 

The emphasis on high-yielding varieties of a limited number of crops, primarily wheat and rice, has led to concerns about the lack of crop diversity and its impact on long-term sustainability.

The Green Revolution was a game-changer in agriculture and its related activities. It generated employment, made countries self-sustained, introduced modern technologies, and several others. But there were certain challenges also which cannot be overlooked. Therefore, it is important to have a more realistic and environmentally sustainable approach for making agricultural production.

Also Read: Essay on Beat Plastic Pollution for School Students

Ans: The Green Revolution was the period of agricultural transformation where modern approaches were introduced for high-yielding crop varieties, advanced agricultural technologies, and improved management practices. The real game changer was Norman Borlaug, who developed high-yielding varieties of wheat that were resistant to diseases, adapted to different climates, and responsive to fertilizers. His efforts earned him the title of ‘Father of the Green Revolution.’

Ans: M.S. Swaminathan is the father of the Green Revolution in India.

Ans: The Green Revolution refers to agricultural transformation by the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties. M.S. Swaminathan introduced the Green Revolution in 1965. On the other hand, the White Revolution refers to the production of milk and other dairy products. Verghese Kurian is regarded as the father of the White Revolution in India.

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Green Revolution Essay for Students and Children

Green revolution essay.

Green Revolution is actually the process of increasing agricultural production by using modern machines and techniques. It was a scientific research-based technology initiative performed between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. It used HYV seeds, increased use of fertilizer and more technical methods of irrigation to increase the production of food grains.

Green Revolution in India

In India Green Revolution commenced in the early 1960s that led to an increase in food grain production , especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat. The Green revolution is revolutionary in character due to the introduction of new technology, new ideas, the new application of inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides, etc. As all these were brought suddenly and spread quickly to attain dramatic results thus it is termed as a revolution in green agriculture.

Statistical Results

A record grain output in 1978-79 around 131 million tons occurred due to the Green Revolution. Hence, it made India as one of the world’s biggest agricultural producer. In India Green Revolution recorded a high level of success. India also became an exporter of food grains around that time.

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Economic Results

Crop areas under this project needed more water, more fertilizers , more pesticides, and certain other chemicals. This increased the growth of the local manufacturing sector. Increased industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the country’s GDP . The increase in irrigation created the need for new dams to harness monsoon water. The stored water was used to create hydro-electric power. All of this resulted in industrial growth, created jobs and improved the quality of life of the people in villages.

Sociological Results

This new technology used frequent application of water, fertilizers, insecticides , larger volumes of transportation, electricity, etc. Not only the agricultural workers but also industrial workers got plenty of jobs because of the creation of facilities such as factories, hydro-electric power stations, etc. to back up the revolution.

Political Results

One of the most important factors that made Mrs. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) and her party the Indian National Congress, a very powerful political force in India is this Green Revolution. India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food. This gave India admiration and appreciation from all over the world, especially from the Third world country.

Disadvantages of the Green Revolution

The negative social effect of the Revolution was also soon visible. Disparities in income have been widened by these innovations in agriculture. Rich landlords have control over the agricultural input and improved chemical fertilizers. The worst part is that the poor farmers found themselves handicapped by small farms of land and inadequate water supply. With complete agricultural techniques and inputs, the Green revaluation tended to have its most concentrated application on large farms.

As a concentration of the new technology to large farms, the Inequalities have further Increased. The poor farmers have been adversely affected by a growing tendency among the rich farmers to reclaim land previously leased out under tenancy agreement, which has been made profitable by higher returns from new technology.

The poor and backward class of farmers has been increasingly pushed into the rank of the landless laborer. A drastic increase in a higher level of rent with land value soaring. Also because of excessive use of fertilizers soil started to become alkaline or acidic depending upon the nature of the fertilizer used.

India has made a huge achievement in term of the Green Revolution, as it has provided an unprecedented level of food security. It has pulled a large number of poor people out of poverty and helped many non-poor people avoid the poverty and hunger they would have experienced had it not taken place. This revolution has saved over a billion people all over the world from famine.

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GREEN REVOLUTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN PAKISTAN        

• March 9, 2018
• Pak Agri Outlook

By. Muhammad  Shahzad

In 18 th century population of the world was increasing exponentially and labour wages were also on peak and food crops including pulses and cereals were not sufficient to fulfil the food requirements of   people.  Food scarcity was the main issue of the world. People were dying in famines across the world.  so at that the main focus of food scientist and food companies was to increase the per hectare yield of cereals and legumes.

In 19 th century worked started on developing high yield varieties to fulfill the food  requirements of people. The Punjab is a cultural and fertile region spreading   between Punjab (Pakistan) and Punjab (India). It is the region which pioneered ‘’GREEN REVOLUTON’’ in 1960s. The second factor behind green revolution was the agrochemical companies of Europe who wanted to sell their products during this change of field made fertilizer to synthetic fertilizer. By 1980, government motivated progressing farmers to use this ‘’miracle seed’’ developed by ‘’NORMAN BORLAGUE’’ Who got noble prize in 1970.in 1970 half of the total wheat was from the seeds of Norman dwarf varieties.

The distinctive characters of this variety was that they were very responsive to fertilizer and irrigation water. But the fact was in the absence of additional water and fertilizer its performance was not better than previously existing varieties and  even in some cases its yield was worse than previous varieties.

Green revolution helped us to feed people and to produce food enough for the population of Pakistan even we exported our surplus wheat sometimes. The chance of famines reduced to negligible now days. Farmers doubled the yield per hectare. But there were some disadvantages of this change from old low yielding varieties to new fertilizer responsive dwarf varieties. Some of them will be discussed here.

genetic diversity of wheat was badly affected. Crops became susceptible to various diseases and due   to reduced resistant if crop was attacked by any insect or disease which can infect one plant then whole crops would be wipe out in days.

The use of pesticides to cure diseases and insects increased the cost of crop inputs and also cause various health problems in human especially diseases related to eye and heart. Our environment got polluted by extensive use of these chemicals.

Soil becomes deficient of essential nutrients. water shortage is also a big question on the success of Green revolution as water table is decreasing day by day.  Farmers with small land holdings could not survive in this modern agriculture as it increased the cost of inputs as well.

Over all green revolution did more bad than good to Punjab agriculture on one hand it helped farmers to get tremendous yield but on the other hand it also and scientist again compelling people towards organic farming to minimize the effects of that change. Farmers are advised to grow leguminous crops after few years of exhausting crops and biological should be in common use to control pests instead of using chemical control which is dangerous for human health. So organic fertilizers and biological control should be recommended to farmers for common practice to alleviate the effects of Green Revolution.

References:-

1.Vasylevs’ka, O.Consequences of the ‘GREEN REVOLUTION’in Punjab.

• Shiva V. The Violence of the Green Revolution: Ecological Degradation and Political Conflict in Punjab. – Debra Dun, 1989.

This post is published by AgriHunt staff member. If you believe it should have your name please contact [email protected]

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Green Pakistan Initiative: A Bright Side For Agriculture Industry – OpEd

By Humais Sheikh

Mechanized and modern farming is the only way forward to boost Pakistan’s agricultural economy. Pakistan’s agriculture sector contributes only 22.9 percent to the GDP despite employing 37.4 percent in labour force. In order to transform the economic landscape this low-productivity needed an immediate reformation. Landmark steps have been taken recently to revolutionize the production of Agriculture sector of Pakistan. All these initiatives have been taken under a collaborative effort between the government of Pakistan and its Armed Forces. 

A national seminar on Food Security was held at Jinnah Convention Centre in Islamabad. Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif, Honorable Prime Minister of Pakistan graced the occasion as Chief guest. Addressing the seminar, the chief guest and PM of Pakistan said farmers worked hard day and night to flourish agriculture in Pakistan, adding that they provided millions of people with food. “Farmers need resources to boost agriculture,” he added. The Guest of honor and Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff General Syed Asim Munir also attended the seminar and addressing the seminar, he assured Pakistan Army’s full support for all the initiatives being initiated under the ambit of Special Investment Facilitation Council including today’s launched Green Pakistan Initiative. 

It’s the second time when Pakistan will witness a Green Revolution to revamp Agriculture sector. The first Green Revolution was initiated in 1965 when there was a three-fold increase in output of Food grains during 1967-1992. It was the time when modern equipment of that era – such as a tractor was first used in agriculture. 

Over decades, population growth has led to increased food consumption and waste, exacerbating the problem of unsustainable food production and consumption, which underlies numerous global challenges. According to United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the global demand for food is projected to increase by 60 percent by 2050. This alarming situation puts country like Pakistan under extreme risk where there is a declining trend of Agricultural production. But, the potential of Pakistan’s soil is so massive that it can fairly contribute towards lowering the global food security concerns. 

The recent steps taken towards the progress of this untapped resource in Pakistan are revolutionary. 9 million hectares of uncultivated wasteland will be utilized with the help of Land Information and Management System (LIMS) established by Pakistan Army. The country’s Army using its skilled human resource and modern technology will help transform the future of Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry. This will be a paradigm shift in the nations approach to land administration and agricultural development. LIMS being a state-of-the-art System will revolutionize means to steer agricultural development through real time information about land, crops, weather, water resource pest handling under one roof. It will not only address food security concerns but also enable the country to explore export opportunities and contribute to the growth of its economy. Moreover, by granting access to state land for Modern Agro Farming, there will be an influx of investments, innovation will be promoted and new job opportunities will be created.

The U.S. Embassy in Islamabad hosted a reception to commemorate the 247th anniversary of the independence of the United States of America on July 7 th . Prime Minister of Pakistan Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif was the guest of honor, representing the people and government of Pakistan.  In addition to celebrating Independence Day, the event recognized the achievements of the U.S.-Pakistan Green Alliance framework and looked ahead to the many opportunities for continued and expanded partnership between the United States and Pakistan.

The U.S.-Pakistan Green Alliance framework is a transformative initiative addressing today’s most pressing environmental challenges, especially around water management, climate-smart agriculture, and renewable energy.  Beyond mitigating climate change and its effects, the partnership recognizes that green choices also present tremendous economic opportunities, opening doors for increased bilateral trade and investment, as well as the creation of new jobs and industries.  The initiative actively promotes the inclusion of women in the economy to ensure that the path to a greener, more sustainable future is empowering for all.

In addition to giving unprecedented incentives to the Agricultural sector in the recent budget, the Government of Pakistan is also in contact with many countries for uplifting Pakistan’s agricultural economy. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations has also assured Pakistan that it will continue to play a leading role in transforming the country’s agriculture food systems to make them more efficient, inclusive, sustainable and resilient. Collaborations are being made with KSA, China, UAE, Qatar and Bahrain for various Agri Projects, which will certainly enhance our exports. Finland is working for seed, forestry and biodiversity. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on June 3, 2023 invited Turkish investors and businessmen to expand their investment in various areas of Pakistan. He called for establishing strategic collaboration in sectors of energy, agriculture, information technology (IT), and construction. The aim is to make Pakistan self-resilient both in terms of national economy and food production. 

• ← Pakistan: Public Education Under Siege – OpEd
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Humais Sheikh

Humais Sheikh, has completed his Master’s from Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad in Defense and Strategic studies. He is an independent defense analyst and Ex. Vice president of Defense and Strategic Studies student’s society.

4 thoughts on “ Green Pakistan Initiative: A Bright Side For Agriculture Industry – OpEd ”

Farming holds the potential to transform Pakistan’s agricultural sector, the country’s current energy situation could pose significant challenges to this transformation. 1. energy requirement for modern agriculture 2. Electricity shortage 3. coat and infrastructure

As per my sources everything is being planned accordingly and considering the loopholes. Green Pakistan Initiative if we deeply studied seems to be a marvelous piece of work in terms of R&D and strategic deliverance.

Green Pakistan Initiative Pakistan’s green initiative to revive economy and environment is a long awaited step in the right direction. Pakistan is blessed with natural resources and climate to gain rich dividends out of this field. Barren land all over Pakistan especially Southern Punjab and Baluchistan need attention of investors. The land is not only fertile for cash crops but equally rich in fruits and vegetables. Agriculture production can be enhanced through use of modern technology and machinery. Drones and modern techniques can be used to spray fertilizers and pesticides for crops protection from viruses and allied problems. We can also boost in the field through provision of quality seeds and pesticides. Moreover; farmer friendly birds and reptiles are also must for organic and healthy crops, fruits and vegetables. Agriculture sector can be revolutionized through optimum cultivation of Barren land and vacant space along roads and motorways. Plants which are local and environment friendly can best be utilized for maximum dividends. Allocation of budget for green sector to gain Sustainable Development Goals and trick down the benefits to local farmers would play significant role to alleviate poverty. Although Pakistan is continuously confronted with challenges like deforestation, eco-degradation and decertification since inception; but local housing schemes and unauthorized encroachment of cultivable land is eating up the agriculture economy like cancer. Government must take necessary measures to guard against the mafia fully geared up to devastate the environment as well as economy. Severe punishments must be given to those who are involved in deforestation and also those who were responsible for taking measures but paid blind eye to the fomenting issues. The policy can also save the country and residents from devastating floods, heavy rainfall effects and accumulation of water in low-lying coastal areas. It will strengthen forestry sector and help to remove social-economic differences. US and few other countries have shown great interest for investment to augment clean energy and sustainable water management under “Green Alliance”. Pakistan Government must gain optimum benefits out if this initiative

* Two fold strategy for agricultural development is required to include meeting internal food need (Food Security) and enhancing economy through export of surplus agri produce etc. * Real state business (housing schemes) and industrialization to some extent are affecting the agricultural useable land. These industries need to be shifted over non-useable agri land. * National Food Security Policy must be formulated and implemented asking Green Pakistan initiative to be inline with it.

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What Is Global Warming گلوبل وارمنگ

Did you know, in the recorded history, the average temperature of the earth’s climate system has been rising at the fastest pace over the past 50 years? Owing to this rise in temperature, the average sea level has risen around seven inches in the course of the past century.

Here you will learn about what is global warming in Urdu and English.

What is Global Warming Definition:

How will you define global warming? Here is a comprehensive definition. Alternatively known as climate change, global warming can be defined as the observed century-scale increase in the average temperature of the global climate system and the effects caused by such a rise.

What Causes Rise in Atmospheric Temperature:

Global warming occurs due to the accumulation of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, ozone, nitrous oxide and water vapors, in the earth’s atmosphere. Such elements absorb the solar radiations that have bounced off the surface of earth and prevent them from escaping into the space. In other words, the greenhouse gases and pollutants remain in the atmosphere for years to centuries and trap the heat radiations which causes the planet earth to get warmer and harsher. You can also read detail of global warming causes here.

Global Warming Vs Extreme Weather:

The scientists observe a close link between global warming and extreme weather conditions. According to them, the rising global temperatures lead to hotter and longer heat waves, more frequent droughts, more powerful hurricanes and heavier rainfall.

As the temperature of oceans on earth is rising, the tropical storms are able to pick up more energy. It indicates that global warming has the potential to turn a category 3 storm into a more powerful and devastating category 4 storm.

Other effects of global warming are: early snowmelt, dramatic water shortages, increased flooding, outbreak of infectious diseases and extinction of many animal and plant species due to disruption in their habitats. Here you can also learn about what is global warming in Urdu .

Global Warming Alarming Facts:

• According to Nasa’s findings, 17 of the 18 warmest years in the recorded history have occurred since 2001!
• The global temperature has increased by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880.
• Did you know the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air are at their highest in the 650,000 years?
• In 2012, the summer sea ice of the Arctic Ocean shrank to the lowest degree in the recorded history.
• Data collected through satellites show that the polar ice sheets on the earth are losing mass.
• Did you know owing to global warming, the sea level rises 3.2 millimeters per year on average?
• The monthly analysis of global temperatures, carried out by the NASA scientists, reveals that June 2018 was the third warmest June in 138 years of modern record-keeping.
• Around 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide are produced from the burning of fossil fuels in the United States every year. It is considered as the largest source of heat-trapping pollution in the country.
• The extreme heat waves, resulting from global warming, have claimed the lives of tens of thousands of individuals in the world in recent years.
• Did you know Antarctica has been losing around 134 billion metric tons of ice every year since 2002?

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• Green Revolution Essay

Essay on Green Revolution

The Green Revolution is the way toward expanding rural creation by utilizing current machines and strategies. It was a logical exploration-based innovation activity performed in 1950 and the last part of the 1960s, that expanded rural creation around the world, especially in the creating scene, starting most extraordinarily in the last part of the 1960s. It utilized HYV seeds, expanded utilization of compost, and more specialized strategies for the water systems to build the creation of food grains. This Green Revolution Essay will help us understand the benefits and impacts of the movement in different sectors.

The Green Revolution in India started somewhere around the mid-1960sand it prompted an expansion in the creation of food grain, particularly in the areas of Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Significant achievements of this included the improvement of high-yielding assortments of wheat. The Green transformation is said to be progressive due to the presentation of innovations, new thoughts, new ideas and the new use of information sources like HYV seeds, composts, water system water, pesticides, etc.

In India, the results of the Green Revolution are significant as India has an agricultural-based economy. It is, therefore, easier to understand the effects of the movement better through the results that we interpret from the statistics in India. 

Economic Results

Harvest zones required more water, more manures, more pesticides, and certain different synthetics. And this expanded the development of the nearby assembling division. Modern development made new openings and this added to the nation's GDP. The put-away water was utilized and this made up to make hydro-electric force. This brought about mechanical development, made new positions. The Green Revolution has significantly contributed to every country's GDP where it has taken place.

The Green Revolution has helped a lot of the needy people out of destitution, and have also helped numerous other individuals dodge the neediness and yearning they would have encountered had it not happened.

Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution started in the mid-1960s that prompted an expansion in food grain creation, particularly in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Significant achievements in this endeavour were the improvement of high-yielding assortments of wheat. The Green transformation is progressive because of the presentation of innovation, novel thoughts, the new use of information sources like HYV seeds, composts, water system water, pesticides, and so forth. As all these were brought out of nowhere and spread rapidly to accomplish sensational outcomes in this way, it is named as an upset in green agribusiness. The essay on Green Revolution provides details behind this movement and its significant outcomes along with the disadvantages faced by every country due to this movement. In India, these results are a bit more significant as India is an agricultural-based country by nature. Hence, we can understand the effects of the movement better through the results that we interpret from the statistics in India. 

Harvest zones under this task required more water, more manures, more pesticides, and certain different synthetics. This expanded the development of the nearby assembling division. Expanded modern development made new openings and added to the nation's GDP. The expansion in the water system made the requirement for new dams to bridle rainstorm water. The put-away water was utilized to make hydroelectric force. The entirety of this brought about mechanical development, made positions, and improved the personal satisfaction of the individuals in towns. The Green Revolution has significantly contributed to every country's GDP where it has taken place. 

Disadvantages

The negative social impact of the Revolution was likewise soon obvious. Variations in salary have been enlarged by these developments in agribusiness. Rich landowners have power over the agrarian info and improved compound composts. The most noticeably awful part is that the helpless ranchers ended up crippled by little homesteads of land and lacking water gracefully. With complete agrarian strategies and sources of info, the Green revolution would, in general, have its most focused application on huge ranches.

As a centralization of the innovation to enormous ranches, the Inequalities have additionally Increased. A developing inclination has antagonistically influenced the helpless ranchers among the rich ranchers to recover land recently rented out under-occupancy understanding, which has been made productive by more significant yields from an innovation.

Poor people and the lower class of farmers have been progressively driven into the position of the landless worker—an uncommon increment in a more elevated level of the lease with land esteem taking off. Additionally, because of extreme utilization of composts soil began to become soluble or acidic, relying on the idea of the manure utilized.

Short Paragraph on  Green Revolution

The essay of Green Revolution alludes to a critical increment in the volume of horticultural creation and efficiency through a selection of better quality seeds, substance manures, pesticides, and bug sprays, and guaranteed water system offices during a brief timeframe. During the mid-sixties, this HYV innovation was embraced in Indian farming to help with the creation of food grains.

This new agrarian improvement technique was first supported by the Ford Foundation, and it was specifically executed in 16 agronomically created regions. This program was first known as the Intensive Agricultural Development Program (IADP). The IADP was altered in the year 1964-65, and another plan Intensive Agricultural Area Program (IAAP) was actualized. The fundamental elements of the new methodology are: 

(I) High Yielding Variety seeds 

(ii) Chemical composts 

(iii) Pesticides 

(iv) Insecticides 

(v) Assured water system offices and 

(vi) Better social practices. 

The program has been impressively altered with the progression of time and now the dry territories and the bumpy zones have now been secured under the new farming technique. In this short paragraph on Green Revolution, we come to know about the principal methodologies used behind this movement.

The Green Revolution has pulled countless needy individuals out of destitution and helped numerous non-needy individuals dodge the neediness and yearning they would have encountered had it not occurred. This upset has spared over a billion people everywhere in the world from starvation.

FAQs on Green Revolution Essay

1. Define AGRA, with context to this essay?

The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, which was set up in 2006, is an African based foundation that puts the smallholder ranchers at the centre point of the developing economy of the mainland by changing the agribusiness from a small single business to a business that will flourish. This change is only possible through reasonable efficiency increments and allowance of inventive accounts and markets to accomplish the potential of agribusiness dependably to make it an alternative to youth work creation.

2. What are the advantages of the Green Revolution, according to this essay?

The harvest index was one progress that was made in plant advances due to the Green Revolution, which indicates the over the ground weight of the harvest. During the Revolution, plants with the biggest seeds were utilized to make the most creation conceivable. Following this cycle of specific rearing, the bigger the seeds were, the more grain could be developed with each harvest. The over the ground crops at that point lead to an expansion in photosynthate assignment for the yield itself. The yields had the option to photosynthesize more effectively by boosting the seed of the plant.

3. What is IADP?

The intensive Agricultural Development Program (IADP) was altered in the year 1964-65, and a new plan, the Intensive Agricultural Area Program (IAAP) was actualized. The main elements of this new methodology are: 

The High Yielding Variety seeds; 

The Chemical composts; 

The use of Pesticides; 

Use of Insecticides; 

Assured water system offices and 

Better social practices.  

This program was altered with, and according to the progression of time.

4. Mention some negative effects of the Green Revolution.

Negative effects are as follows:

There have been variations in salary by these developments in the agribusiness. The helpless ranchers ended up crippled by little homesteads of land and lacking water. With complete agrarian strategies and sources of information, the Green revolution would have its most focused application on huge ranches where the Inequalities have additionally Increased. Poor people and the lower class of farmers have been progressively driven into the position of the landless worker, an uncommon increment in a more elevated level of the lease with land esteem taking off. Due to the extreme utilization of compost, the soil began to become soluble or acidic, relying on the idea of the manure utilized.

5. Where can I get study notes on the Green Revolution essay?

Essay writing is important and it is also necessary to be able to practice some of the important questions and sample essays. The online portal, Vedantu.com offers important questions along with answers and other very helpful study material on essays of  The Green Revolution, which have been formulated in a  well structured, well researched, and easy to understand manner. These study materials and solutions are all important and are very easily accessible from Vedantu.com and can be downloaded for free. 

Pollution Essay In Urdu

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ماحولیات میں آلودگی

پہلے ہندوستان بہت ہی خوبصورت تھا اور اس وقت ہر شے خوبصورت لگتی تھی۔ شہر، قصبے، گاؤں، ندی نالے، چشمے، نہریں، ندیاں، دریا، پہاڑ، سڑکیں، کچے پکے راستے اور کھیت سب کچھ حسین تھا۔ صاف ستھرا ماحول، موسم اپنے وقت پر بدلتے، کسان وقت پر بوتے، وقت پر کاٹتے۔ سب کچھ فطرت کے اصولوں کے مطابق چلتا تھا۔ اس لیے خدا اور بندے دونوں ہی خوش رہتے تھے۔ لکین اب پہلے جیسا ماحول نہیں رہا جیسا کہ پہلے کے وقت میں تھا۔ ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ اب سب سے زیادہ آلودگی ہندوستان میں ہی پیدا ہو گئی ہے اور کی وجہ انسان ہیں۔

انسان نے اپنی کارستانیوں کی وجہ سے ماحول کو آلودہ کیا ہے۔ اس کی وجہ سے اب ہندوستان کی فضائیں زہریلی ہو چکی ہیں۔ صاف شفاف ہوا آلودہ ہو چکی ہے۔ ندیاں چشمے اور دریا بد بودار ہو چکے ہیں۔ زہریلی گیسوں اور گاڑیوں کے دھوئیں نے آسمان کو بہت زیادہ نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔ خوفناک بیماریاں تیز رفتاری سے پھیل رہی ہیں۔ اور زیادہ تر انسان اس کی گرفت میں مبتلا ہیں۔ پہلے ماحول اتنا آلودہ نہ تھا جتنا آج کے دور میں ہو گیا ہے۔ اب تو ہر طرف آلودگی ہی نظر آتی ہے۔ اور آنے والے وقت میں اس پر روک نہ لگائی گئی تو اس کا منظر اور بھی خوفناک ثابت ہوگا۔ اور فضا کی آلودگی یہ ایک عالمی مسئلہ بھی ہے۔ لیکن ہم عالمی حالات نہیں بدل سکتے ہیں۔ بہتر یہی رہے گا کہ ہم اپنے گھر پر ہی توجہ دیں اور ایسے انتظامات کریں جن سے اس پریشانی کو دور کیا جا سکے۔

آج کل گاؤں، قصبوں اور شہروں میں گاڑیوں کی تعداد اس قدر بڑھ چکی ہے کہ لوگوں کا چلنا محال ہو چکا ہے۔ اس اضافے سے ڈیزل، پٹرول اور گیس کے زیادہ استعمال ہونے کی وجہ سے فضا اس قدر آلودہ کر دی ہے کہ اب ماسک پہننا ضروری قرار دیا جا چکا ہے۔ اس کا حل یہ ہے کہ سڑکوں اور راستوں پر پبلک ٹرانسپورٹ لائی جائے۔ جن سے دھواں نہیں نکلتا ہو اور وہ ماحول کو بھی آلود نہ کر سکیں۔

اندرونی شہروں کا سفر کے لیے ڈبل ڈیکر بسوں کا استعمال کیا جانا چاہیے کہ گاڑیوں کی تعداد میں کچھ کمی ہو سکے۔ اور سڑکوں پر رش بھی کم ہو جائے گا۔اسکولوں اور کالجوں،یونیورسٹیوں کو بسیں مہیا کی جائیں تا کہ طالب علم گاڑیوں ، موٹر سائیکلوں کی بجائے بسوں میں سفر کریں۔

موٹر سائیکل کی تعداد کم کی جائے اور کیونکہ موٹر سائیکل کے چلانے سے ہی فضا سب سے زیادہ آلودہ ہوتی ہے اسلیے سائیک کو رواج دیا جائے۔ سائیکل سواروں کے لیے سڑکوں پر ٹریک بنائے جائیں۔ کم قیمت لیکن عمدہ سائیکلیں لوگوں میں تقسیم کی جائیں۔ اور ایسی سائیکلیں بھی جو پہاڑی علاقوں میں بھی چلائی جا سکیں۔

ملکی سائنسدانوں کو اس مسئلے کے حل کے لیے ترغیب دی جائے اور ان کی حوصلہ افزائی کے لیے انعامات دیے جائیں۔ تاکہ وہ ایسے سامان ایجاد کریں جو آلودگی روکنے میں معاون ثابت ہوں۔

دور کے سفر کے لیے ریل کے سفر کو عام کیا جائے اور اسے جدید اور آرام دہ بنایا جائے۔ دنیا بھر میں اس سفر کوانتہائی محفوظ سمجھا جاتا ہے اور یہ آلودگی کو کم کرنے میں معاون ثابت ہوتا ہے۔ افسوس کہ ہم نے اس محفوظ سواری کو عام کرنے کے لیے بہت لاپرواہی برتی۔ موجودہ حکومت نے اس طرف کسی حد تک توجہ دی، لیکن اب بھی مزید کام کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔

آلودگی کو کم کرنے کے لیے نچلی سطح تک لوگوں میں آگاہی مہم شروع کی جائے۔ تاکہ لوگ اس مسئلے کو سمجھ سکیں۔ اور آلودگی کو کم کرنے میں اپنا کردار ادا کر سکیں۔

درخت لگانا یا شجر کاری کرنا

افسوس کہ اس ملک میں شجر کاری ہر سال کی جاتی ہے لیکن ابھی تک اس کے فوائد نظر نہیں آئے۔ درخت قدرت کی سب سے خوبصورت نعمت میں سے ایک ہیں،اور یہ آلودگی کو ختم کرنے کا سب سے کارآمد نتیجہ ہیں۔ اس سے ہمیں آکسیجن فراہم ہوتی ہیں۔ اس لیے ضروری ہے کہ لوگوں کو درخت لگانے کے فوائد سے آگاہ کیا جائے اور درختوں کو کاٹنا ایک قومی جرم قرار دیا جائے۔اس پر سختی سے عمل کیا جائے تاکہ ہم اس آلودہ ماحول کو کچھ حد تک کم کر سکیں۔ ہمارا مذہب بھی درختوں کے قتل عام سے منع کرتا ہے۔ درختوں کی کٹائی روکنے کے لیے علماء بھی اپنا کردار ادا کرسکتے ہیں۔ شجر کاری بے شک کم کی جائے لیکن جتنی کی جائے وہ نظر آئے

فیکٹریاں اور کارخانے

فیکٹریوں اور کارخانوں کے زہریلے دھویں سے ندیاں، نہریں، تالاب ، دریا آلودہ ہو چکے ہیں۔ اس لیے پینے کے پانی کی کمی ہو رہی ہے۔ اور جو فیکٹریاں اور کارخانے زہریلے مواد کا علاج Treatment نہیں کرتے ان پر نہ صرف جرمانے کیے جائیں بلکہ اگر وہ اپنی حرکتوں سے باز نہ آئیں تو ان کارخانوں اور فیکٹریوں کو بند کر دیا جائے۔

ماحولیات کا محکمہ

افسوس ہے کہ ماحولیات کا محکمہ تو ہمارے ملک میں موجود ہے۔لیکن اس کا ہونا نہ ہونا برابر ہے۔ اگر اس پر عمل کیا جائے تو سال کے اندر اندر اس کے اثرات کم ہوتے نظر آنے لگیں گے اور ہمارا آلودہ پانی اپنی اصل حالت کی طرف لوٹنے لگیں گا۔ ان قلیل المدت منصوبوں پر اگر آج سے ہنگامی بنیادوں پر عمل شروع کیا جائے تو امید کی جا سکتی ہے کہ آئندہ برس فضائی آلودگی میں کافی حد تک کمی ہو جائے گی۔ طویل المدت منصوبوں میں فیکٹریوں ، کارخانوں، اور ندی نالوں کی وجہ سے بند کر کے گاؤں گاؤں جائزہ لے کر ان کا حل تلاش کرنا آسان ہو جاۓ گا۔ فیکٹریوں سے نکلنے والا زہریلا دھواں روکنے کے لیے سائنسی ذرائع اختیار کرنے پڑینگے۔

اس کے علاوہ کارخانوں اور اسپتالوں اور شہروں کا کچرا ٹھکانے لگانے کے لیے مستقل حل تلاش کرنا پڑینگے۔ ملک عزیز سے آلودگی کو جلد از جلد مٹانا انتہائی ضروری ہے اور اگر ہم آلودگی کو نہ مٹا سکے تو آلودگی ہمیں مٹا دے گی۔

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The Positive and Negative Impacts of the Green Revolution in India | PWOnlyIAS 2023

• This article is based on a news “ MS Swaminathan’s farsightedness for Punjab: Discouraged free power to tackle groundwater crisis, wanted ‘evergreen revolution’ without harming ecology ”which was published in the Indian Express. MS Swaminathan , the Father of the Green Revolution in India , who transformed India’s image from a begging bowl to a bread basket passed away recently.

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An Introduction to the Green Revolution in India:

During the 1960s , when the country was on the brink of a mass famine and faced severe food shortage s, Swaminathan collaborated with fellow scientist Norman Borlaug and others to develop high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice.  

• His efforts helped the country to double the total crop yield of wheat from 12 million tons to 23 million tons in four crop seasons and ended our dependence on grain imports.

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What are the achievements of the Green Revolution in India?

• India has achieved self-reliance in the production of food grains in the last several decades and is inching towards self-reliance in pulse production.
• Today, India is the world’s largest sugar-producin g country and holds the second position in rice production only after China. India is also the second largest producer of wheat with a share of around 14.14 percent of the world’s total production in 2020. 
• As per the 4th Advance Estimates , the production of food grains in the country is estimated at 315.72 million tonnes which is higher by 4.98 million tonnes than the production of food grains during 2020-21.
• Though the green revolution in India helped the country move out of a ship-to-mouth situation, since the mid-1980s, its second-generation environmental impact and the intensive farming it promoted started showing its impact.

What are the positive Impacts of the Green Revolution in India?

• Increase in net area under cultivation
• Growing two or more crops in a year on the same piece of land
• Use of HYV seeds
• Since farmers and agricultural labour comprise a sizeable proportion of the rural population, a rise in their income is due to agricultural development.
• The per capita income of Punjab stands at Rs.1,73,873 in 2022-23 (Advance Estimates) which is higher than Rs. 1,70,620 at National level.
• Rural Expansion of demand for farm inputs, repairs & maintenance of farm tools and machines, transportation and marketing services, agro-processing, etc.
• Reduction in poverty : Due to increased income for farmers and agricultural labor.
• Bullock capitalism : Emergence of a new class of wealthy farmers and their subsequent impact on economic and agricultural policy evident post-Green Revolution especially Green Revolution belt.

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What are the Negative Impacts Of the Green Revolution in India?

• Decline in Soil fertility: Due to the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, making it less fertile and more susceptible to erosion. For example there had been a decline of 16 percent in the production of wheat and 17 percent in per acre wheat with increasing use of chemical fertilizers in Punjab.
• Depletion of groundwater resources: It led to a significant increase in water consumption for irrigation, which has depleted groundwater resources in many areas. Punjab has 76% groundwater blocks which are overexploited, Rajasthan has 72% and Haryana has 61%. (Ground Water Resources Assessment for 2022).
• Biodiversity and ecosystem: The Green Revolution’s focus on a few high-yielding varieties of crops ( Especially Monocroping of wheat and rice ) has reduced biodiversity and made agricultural ecosystems more vulnerable to pests and diseases.
• Debt trap: The high cost of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides has led many farmers to fall into debt. According to the 2019 National Sample Survey, more than 50% of India’s farmers are debt-ridden and often seek alternatives outside of agriculture, or tragically, end their own lives.
• High production costs : The Green Revolution in India has made agriculture more capital-intensive, increasing the production costs for farmers.
• Regional disparities:   The benefits of the Green Revolution have been unevenly distributed, with some regions benefiting more than others ( benefits concentrated in Punjab, Haryana and Western UP regions).
• Big farmers: Small and marginal farmers have been disproportionately affected by the Green Revolution, as they have not been able to compete with large farmers who have access to more resources.
• Health: The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to health problems for farmers and consumers. For example, exposure to pesticides has been linked to cancer and other diseases. For example: The Malwa region in Punjab is known as the Cancer Belt with 14,682 of the 33,318 deaths.
• Farmers’ suicide: The debt burden and other challenges faced by farmers have led to a high rate of suicide in many areas. A written reply in Parliament revealed that a total of 1,056 farmers committed suicide over the past five years (2017-21) in Punjab.
• Drug abuse in Punjab: The Green Revolution in India led to a problem of drug abuse in Punjab, as many farmers turned to drugs to cope with the stress and challenges of modern agriculture.

Post challenges of Green Revolution in India: Shrinking Land holdings : At present, the per capita available land is only about 0.10 hectares. This is much below the world average of about 4.50 hectares. Over 75% of the landholding are less than one hectare.

• Water Scarcity: It shows that India has much lower levels of water per capita than Brazil, one of the world’s leading agricultural countries. India uses a little over 90 percent of water resources for cultivation.
• A survey by the government showed that less than 6%, or over nine crore agricultural households, are the direct beneficiaries. Further, only 19% of farmer families sold paddy under MSP, whereas only 9.7% of wheat farmers benefited from MSP.
• In the absence of the adoption of adaptation measures, rainfed rice yields in India are projected to reduce by 20% in 2050 and 47% in 2080 scenarios while irrigated rice yields are projected to reduce by 3.5% in 2050 and 5% in 2080 scenarios.

ALSO READ: POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

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Way Forward

• Need for Evergreen Revolution in India: According to most estimates, farming is no longer remunerative and over 40 percent of farmers would like to quit if they have an option. The evergreen revolution is based on an appropriate blend of different approaches to sustainable agriculture such as organic farming, green agriculture, eco-agriculture and agriculture based on effective micro-organisms.
• Green Revolution in India 2.0 :  We need to improve productivity in dry-farming areas, which can grow pulses, oilseeds and other high-value crops that require less water, but many of which we continue to import.
• Natural Farming:  Agroecological practices like Natural Farming are a cost-effective and ecologically compatible alternative that can help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. They can reduce input costs, improve income and financial stability, alleviate poverty, promote gender equality, and ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns.
• Cooperative Farming: It was, therefore, necessary to make cost-effective usage of new technology on small and marginal-size holdings through some institution-building measures like the formation of group farming.
• However, the adoption of gene technology in Indian agriculture is subject to debate and discussion, as its positive and negative effects on plants, animals and human lives have not yet been fully examined.

C onclusion

Green Revolution in India, spearheaded by visionaries like MS Swaminathan, brought about unprecedented increases in agricultural productivity and self-sufficiency, its legacy reveals a nuanced tapestry of successes and challenges. However, the green revolution technology, in spite of its severe criticism on the issues related to equity, ecology and environment, thus made a remarkable contribution in transforming the Indian economy from its notorious ship-to-mouth food-deficit status to that of not only a food-self-sufficient country but even a food-surplus country.

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