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FREE Medicine and Health Worksheets

Wouldn’t it be awful to get sick in a foreign country and not be able to communicate with the doctor or hospital staff learning english will not help your learners in every country but it will give them another skill that could come in very handy in this type of scenario. teachers have submitted 200 worksheets on this topic and more are added on a regular basis. this one-page medicine worksheet includes some common vocabulary learners can use at the doctor’s office as well as several useful practice exercises. the comprehensive teacher’s notes are included and make using this activity in your esl classroom simple. if the target structures in the textbook you are using are different from the ones included on this sheet, simply use this as inspiration for your own worksheet and then upload it for other busy teachers. medicine and health is a great esl topic that will come up several times. beginners will usually learn body parts very early on while intermediate students may talk about medicine and doctors when practicing giving advice. advanced learners could benefit from talking about the health care system in their country. this is also a very practical topic as students will be much better off if they can explain their symptoms when they get sick while traveling. completing a role play exercise will give them the practice they need to do this effectively. read more... ...less.

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This teaching pack was developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University to introduce high school and undergraduate college students to the “social determinants of health,” which are all of the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease risk. The teaching…

Teaching Pack: Lessons

This teaching pack introduces the social determinants of health through real-world examples in order to understand how broad social factors influence global health challenges. It includes an instructor’s note, a brief guide for educators, lesson plans, an annotated bibliography, and a glossary of terms.

This two-page Instructor’s Note introduces the materials and learning objectives for a teaching pack on …

This two-page Instructor’s Note introduces the materials and learning objectives for a teaching pack on the social determinants of health, developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. “Social determinants of health” are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease…

This teaching guide is part of a teaching pack, developed by the Global Health Education …

This teaching guide is part of a teaching pack, developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, that introduces high school and undergraduate college students to the “social determinants of health,” which are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease…

This lesson plan is the first of four lessons in a teaching pack on the …

This lesson plan is the first of four lessons in a teaching pack on the social determinants of health developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. “Social determinants of health” (SDH) are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease…

This lesson plan is the second of four lessons in a teaching pack on the …

This lesson plan is the second of four lessons in a teaching pack on the social determinants of health developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. “Social determinants of health” (SDH) are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease…

This lesson plan is the third of four lessons in a teaching pack on the …

This lesson plan is the third of four lessons in a teaching pack on the social determinants of health developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. “Social determinants of health” (SDH) are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease…

This lesson plan is the fourth of four lessons in a teaching pack on the …

This lesson plan is the fourth of four lessons in a teaching pack on the social determinants of health developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. “Social determinants of health” (SDH) are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and confer disease…

This annotated bibliography, curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, …

This annotated bibliography, curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, provides a selective sampling of resources designed to introduce high school and undergraduate students to the basic concepts of the social determinants of health. “Social determinants of health” (SDH) are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways…

This glossary, curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, provides …

This glossary, curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, provides a selection of common terms and definitions designed to accompany a teaching pack on the social determinants of health. Social determinants of health” are the social factors external to an individual that may not seem directly relevant to health, but that ultimately shape the conditions in which people live, work, and grow in ways that can both promote well-being and…

Welcome to the Incubator's Digital Repository

Our digital repository is a searchable library of selected resources that support learning and teaching about interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary population health challenges across the globe. It includes general resources (e.g., reports, articles, country profiles, data, etc.) and teaching resources (e.g., teaching cases, curated resource packs, and lesson-based teaching packs). Open-access sources are prioritized, and include peer-reviewed journals, global reports from multilateral institutions and alliances, and knowledge-related public goods from reputable research and policy organizations.

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28 Mental Health Games, Activities & Worksheets (& PDF)

Despite this, increasing mental health awareness is crucial as it can have many positive outcomes.

For example, one study examining a British anti-stigma campaign found that people who were more familiar with the campaign were more likely to feel comfortable disclosing mental health issues to family, friends, or an employer, and were also more likely to seek professional help (Henderson et al., 2017).

Fortunately, there are all sorts of ways to learn about mental health issues, whether one is an introvert, an extrovert, or somewhere in between.

This article will cover tools that can supplement mental health interventions, worksheets and activities that help people learn about mental health, books dealing with mental health for adults and children, Facebook groups for mental health issues, and finally World Mental Health Day activities and events.

Before you read on, we thought you might like to download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free . These science-based exercises will explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology including strengths, values and self-compassion and will give you the tools to enhance the mental health of your clients, students or employees.

This Article Contains:

5 tools for mental health interventions.

• 5 Mental Health Worksheets & Awareness Activities (PDF)

5 Most Popular Books About Mental Health

• 5 Most Popular Children’s Books About Mental Health

Facebook Groups for Mental Health

World mental health day ideas for schools and workplaces, a take-home message.

Here are some tools that will help a psychotherapy treatment plan go more smoothly for both the client and the clinician:

1. Thought Record Worksheet

This PDF is a way to record one’s thoughts and reflect on them. It asks the user to log their emotions and thoughts as well as what was going on to make them feel that way, then has the user reflect on whether or not there is evidence to back up their automatic thoughts. This could be a valuable supplement to a psychotherapist-led CBT treatment, but could also help people teach themselves about CBT .

In fact, one study has shown that thought records are an effective way to modify beliefs, even when used by themselves and not in conjunction with a CBT treatment plan (McManus et al., 2012). Find the Thought Record Worksheet here.

2. The Feeling Wheel

The Feeling Wheel is a simple printout with 72 feelings sorted into 6 groups: angry, sad, scared, joyful, peaceful, and powerful. Represented as a colorful pie, it can be an excellent tool for psychotherapy clients who have difficulty articulating or expressing their feelings.

While this can make it easier for clients to describe their relationships and experiences outside of therapy, it can also help them give immediate feedback on how they feel during a session.

This technique is commonly used to help clients identify emotions, expand their emotional vocabulary, and develop their emotional regulation (Kircanski et al., 2012).

3. Daily Mood Tracker

This Daily Mood Tracker was developed for people dealing with anger management issues but can be helpful for anyone who wants to track their mood.

It splits the day up into several two-hour blocks and asks the user to track their emotions, as well as allowing for notes to explain these moods.

This can also be helpful for clients who have trouble expressing themselves but can provide valuable self-reflection opportunities for anybody. Interestingly, some research has even shown that depressed clients can improve their mood by tracking it (Harmon et al., 1980).

4. Self-Care Checkup

This worksheet is a self-report Self-Care Checkup that therapists can give their clients after each appointment, to fill in between the sessions. The client is meant to consider the activities they are engaging in to keep up good mental health and wellbeing.

While many could be considered routine, such as exercising or getting sufficient sleep, they can often be neglected when they matter most – during times of stress.

This way, the Self-Care Checkup invites clients to become more aware of the frequency with which they practice self-care, categorizing these activities into five groups:

• Professional; and
• Spiritual self-care.

By filling it out regularly, clients can compare their self-care practices from week to week, spotting areas for development and brainstorming more activities that might help them maintain their mental health.

5. Preventing Mental Health Relapse

This is a worksheet that can help clients learn more about possible mental health relapse. It can be used near the end of a therapy treatment plan to help the client recognize a relapse when it is coming, but can also teach strategies to avoid relapse.

This would likely be most helpful for mental health issues that flare up at specific times (as opposed to more chronic mental health issues), and can also be helpful during treatment changes.

For example, patients with anxiety disorders receiving both psychotherapy and antidepressants are at risk of relapse when they discontinue their antidepressant treatment (Batelaan et al., 2017).

Download and use this Preventing Mental Health Relapse activity here.

5 Mental Health Games & Awareness Activities (PDF)

One way to get around this is to have them complete worksheets or participate in activities related to mental health awareness, so they can learn in a more hands-on way.

These worksheets and activities are excellent for cultivating mental health awareness:

1. Mindfulness Exercises For Children

This article includes a huge collection of easy mindfulness exercises that children can do to learn more about mindfulness. It includes activities for teachers, parents, caregivers, and teenagers, along with a host of meditation scripts, books, quotes, and more.

Check out the following, too, for some great ways to get children thinking about mindfulness, while subtly introducing them to mental health issues more broadly: 18 Mindfulness Games, Worksheets and Activities for Kids .

2. Mental Illness: Myths and Reality

Mental Illness – Myths and Reality is a helpful lesson plan for teachers who want to educate students about mental illness stigma.

This activity requires less than 30 minutes and very little preparation – it’s also great for any class size and can be a useful talking point to start insightful discussions around mental health.

It includes 8 myths and 8 facts about mental illness for students to sort out in pairs, to distinguish between common misconceptions and objective facts about diagnosis and life with a mental health condition.

3. Exercise and Mental Health

Exercise and Mental Health  introduces younger children to the importance of exercise and physical activity, illustrating how they go hand-in-hand before giving suggestions for students who want to get more active on a daily basis.

This informational resource is a great handout as part of a lesson about mental health.

4. Understanding Mental Health Stigma

Introducing youths to the concept of stigma can be quite tough, but it’s important.

This Understanding Mental Health Stigma sheet can be used as an aid to help raise awareness of the stigma that surrounds mental illness , as well as what it looks like.

5. Mental Health Management Bingo

Mental Health Management Bingo  is a fun classroom game that can be played with slightly older students.

While it aims to raise awareness about the importance of positive coping strategies, it can also be a great way for students to bond with one another and discover new, healthy ways to look after their mental health..

To play, students require a copy of each sheet and a pencil, and each Bingo square worksheet contains 22 positive coping mechanisms that are related to maintaining good mental health. It’s easy for students to play, and just as easy for teachers or parents to join in!

Download 3 Free Positive Psychology Exercises (PDF)

Enhance wellbeing with these free, science-based exercises that draw on the latest insights from positive psychology.

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We suggest picking at least one of these popular to broaden your understanding of mental health.

1. Mental Health Emergencies: A Guide to Recognizing and Handling Mental Health Crises – Nick Benas and Michele Hart

Written by a mental health associate and a social worker, this book aims to help people recognize mental health crises in the people around them.

This book also aims to teach the reader how to support people in the midst of a mental health crisis.

The authors targeted this book to teachers, human resources workers and other professionals who are concerned with the mental wellbeing of other people, but it can be helpful for anyone who wishes to know more about mental health.

Find the book on Amazon .

2. Ten Days in a Mad-House – Nellie Bly

This book details investigative reporter Nellie Bly’s exposé of a New York City insane asylum in the late 1800s.

In the book, the author details how she checked into a boarding house, feigned insanity and was promptly declared insane and sent to an insane asylum.

Bly spent 10 days in the asylum, during which she uncovered the horrific conditions that patients were subjected to, causing the city and the country to reevaluate how they treated the mentally ill.

This book illustrates how horribly mental health patients were treated in the late 1800s, but can also cause the reader to think about how society treats mental health issues today.

3. Stigma: The Many Faces Of Mental Illness – Joy Bruce M.D.

This book, from a doctor with a mood disorder, aims to educate people about mental health issues and ultimately destigmatize mental health issues.

The book describes various mental health disorders and the nuances of them, making it a great educational book.

The author also discusses a wide variety of people with mental health issues, breaking down stereotypes about mental health along the way. This is a great book for someone who wants to understand more about mental health issues in themselves or others.

4. Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’s – John Elder Robison

This memoir discusses the author’s experience of living with Asperger’s syndrome.

The author was not diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome until he was 40 years old, so before then he just lived as someone who felt that he could not connect very well with others for some reason but displayed an affinity for machines and electronics.

This book is an excellent way to gain some insight into the world of Asperger’s syndrome and may help the reader better understand someone in their life who deals with Asperger’s syndrome.

5. Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat – Oliver Sacks and Jonathan Davis

This book from Oliver Sacks is a pop psychology classic. In it, Sacks discusses a few different cases of mental health disorders, focusing on the person rather than the disorder the whole way through.

This is an excellent book for learning about mental health disorders in a way that doesn’t necessarily otherize people with mental health issues. The book’s scope also makes it a great introduction to mental health disorders.

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5 Most Popular Children’s Books About Mental Health

Nurturing an understanding of mental health from a young age can be done with these great reads.

1. Can I Catch It Like a Cold?: Coping With a Parent’s Depression – Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Joe Weissmann

This book from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Canada is aimed at children whose parents struggle with depression.

The book describes what depression is and is not, and gives the reader strategies to cope with the situation. It is aimed at children as young as five years old and can be a child’s first official introduction to mental health disorders.

2. Dear Allison : Explaining Mental Illness to Young Readers – Emma Northup Flinn

This book discusses mental health in an adventurous, conversational way that can help children start to understand the subject.

Written from the perspective of the reader’s cousin (who has teamed up with an ant to explore mental health issues across parts of the United States), this is another excellent book for introducing children to mental health.

The book is partially a collection of letters from the narrator to her nine-year-old cousin, “Allison”, so this book is definitely appropriate for children as young as 9 to start learning about mental health.

3. Marvin’s Monster Diary: ADHD Attacks! (But I Rock It, Big Time) – Raun Melmed, Annette Sexton, and Jeff Harvey

This book is an excellent way to teach children as young as 7 years old about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly if they have it.

Aside from helping children understand ADHD, it offers a mindfulness-based solution the author calls ST4 – “Stop, Take Time To Think”.

This book is an excellent resource for children with ADHD to learn more about themselves and strategies they can use every day to focus.

4. How Full Is Your Bucket? For Kids – Tom Rath, Mary Reckmeyer, and Maurie J. Manning

This book was written by Tom Rath, an important author in positive psychology and particularly strengths finding (as he wrote StrengthsFinder 2.0).

It is a children’s adaptation of another one of his popular books, How Full Is Your Bucket?, which claims that people can either “fill your bucket” with positivity or “dip from your bucket” with negativity.

This is an excellent book to show kids how social interactions can affect their self-esteem and wellbeing, and how the way they treat people can affect the self-esteem and wellbeing of others.

5. Please Explain Anxiety to Me! Simple Biology and Solutions for Children and Parents – Laurie E. Zelinger, Jordan Zelinger, and Elisa Sabella

This book, co-authored by a play therapist and a child psychologist, aims to explain anxiety to children in a simplified but still accurate way.

This means describing the physiology of anxiety in a way that children as young as 5 can start to understand.

It also includes some actionable exercises that children can use when they are feeling anxious. This book can help children deal with their own anxiety and learn some concrete psychology along the way.

Sometimes, the best thing for someone struggling with mental health issues is the ability to reach out to someone who will understand them.

Facebook is great for this, as people can start community-based groups focused around mental health issues.

That said, as is always the case with the internet, anybody can contribute to these groups, which has the potential to be harmful to members of that group.

For that reason, we have only highlighted closed groups (as opposed to open groups), which require admin approval to join. This way, it is more likely that someone will find a group full of people who only want to help.

Someone looking for a Facebook group to discuss mental health should try joining one of these:

Adult ADHD/ADD Support Group… By Reach2Change

This is a support group for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or attention deficit disorder (ADD).

Anxiety/Depression Mental Health Support Group

This is a support group for people (18+) who struggle with depression or anxiety .

Bipolar Disorder

This is a support group for people with bipolar disorder, people who know someone with bipolar disorder, or people who want to learn more about bipolar disorder.

Mental Health Inspiration (Support & Awareness)

This is a support group for people with all sorts of mental health issues, as well as people who wish to be an ally or learn more about mental health.

PTSD Buddies

This is a support group for people (19+) with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

30 Minute relaxing yoga for mental health – Jessica Richburg

October 10th is World Mental Health Day.

The objective of this important day is to spread awareness about mental health issues, express thanks to mental health care providers, and do more to make mental health care a reality for those who need it. Overall, the day represents a valuable opportunity to start a dialog about mental health with others in your life.

If you’re a teacher, manager, or principal looking for ways to start this conversation in your school or workplace, here are four ideas to get started.

Yoga and pilates have both been shown to reduce a range of mental health symptoms, such as fatigue and feelings of anxiety, while simultaneously increasing feelings of energy (Fleming & Herring, 2018; Hagen & Nayar, 2014).

To leverage these benefits, consider bringing in a yoga or pilates expert (or linking up with a nearby studio) to do a guided class with your staff or students.

Host a charity event

There are many charitable organizations around the world that are working hard to provide mental health support to those who may otherwise not have access to it.

To help, you can work with your students or staff to identify a cause they feel passionate about and run an event to raise money for a worthy cause. For example, consider hosting a raffle, games evening, cake stall, or fete open to the public.

Wellness gift exchange

A simple gift can do a lot to start a conversation, so consider hosting a wellness gift exchange.

To start, randomly assign your students or staff a ‘gift buddy.’ If you like, you can make the identity of gift-givers and receivers anonymous, much like a Secret Santa, by having your staff or students draw names from a hat.

Next, allocate a spending limit and have each person purchase a gift for someone else. The focus of the gift should encourage the recipient to relax and take some time out for him or herself. Examples of good gifts include movie tickets, a pampering face mask, or a soap and candle gift basket.

Information sessions

Teaching children how to start a conversation with someone about mental health is a skill that can serve them for a lifetime. At the same time, the stigma associated with mental illness may act as a barrier for adults to start a conversation with someone they’re concerned about or seek help.

To help, consider bringing in a mental health speaker or expert and host an information session. The aim of the session should be to connect your students or staff to resources and give them the skills to check in with the mental health of those they care about.

Further, you can take this opportunity to remind your students or staff about internal support services in your school or office, such as forms of personal leave or internal counselors.

In addition to the ideas above, it is likely that public spaces around you, such as libraries and community centers, will have planned events around World Mental Health Day. So consider linking up with groups in your local community to support this important cause.

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At the end of the day, nobody can know everything there is to know about mental health issues. The key is constantly being willing to learn, so that you know how to help when someone you love deals with mental health issues, and have the strategies to deal with your own mental health issues if and when they arise.

Some people prefer reading books, others prefer more hands-on learning such as worksheets, and still, others just prefer going out and talking to people. No matter what type of learning you prefer, the important thing is that you make an effort to make this world a better place for everyone, no matter what mental health issues they are or aren’t facing.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don’t forget to download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free .

• Batelaan, N.M., Bosman, R.C., Muntingh, A., Scholten, W.D., Huijbregts, K.M., van Balkom, A.J.L.M. (2017). Risk of relapse after antidepressant discontinuation in anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of relapse prevention trials. BMJ, 358(1) , j3927.
• Fleming, K. M., & Herring, M. P. (2018). The effects of pilates on mental health outcomes: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine , 37, 80-95.
• Hagen, I., & Nayar, U. S. (2014). Yoga for children and young people’s mental health and well-being: research review and reflections on the mental health potentials of yoga. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 5.
• Harmon, T.M., Nelson, R.O., Hayes, S.C. (1980). Self-monitoring of mood versus activity by depressed clients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48(1) , 30-38.
• Henderson, C., Robinson, E., Evans-Lacko, S., Thornicroft, G. (2017). Relationships between anti-stigma programme awareness, disclosure comfort and intended help-seeking regarding a mental health problem. British Journal of Psychiatry, 211(5) , 316-322.
• Kaduson, H.G., Schaefer, C.E. (Eds.). (2003). 101 favorite play therapy techniques. Volume III. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
• Kircanski, K., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Feelings into words: contributions of language to exposure therapy. Psychological Science, 23 (10), 1086.
• Lambert, M.J. (2015). Progress Feedback and the OQ-System: The Past and the Future. Psychotherapy, 52(4) , 381-390.
• McManus, F., Van Doorn, K., Yiend, J. (2012). Examining the effects of thought records and behavioral experiments in instigating belief change. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1) , 540-547.

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Health Assessment

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Jacob Prunuske

Introduction: The Institute of Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend population health training for medical students. Medical schools struggle to teach and evaluate population health curricula. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a community health assessment exercise (CHA) within a required clinical rotation to address this need. Methods: Descriptive statistics and t-test comparison of means were used to analyze student scores on curricular assignments and responses to pretest and posttest items assessing student-rated skill and likelihood of conducting a CHA in practice, and in finding evidence to support public health programs and policies. Results: Student-rated skill in conducting a CHA increased from 3.3 ± 1.2 on the pretest to 4.8 ± 0.9 on the posttest (P < 0.01). Student-rated skill in finding evidence that supports public health programs and policies increased from 4.0 ± 1.1 to 5.1 ± 0.9 (P < 0.01). There was no difference between pretest and posttest in the likelihood of participating in a CHA organized by others (4.7 ± 1.3 vs 4.9 ± 1.3, p = 0.4), or in initiating a CHA as a practicing physician (4.2 ± 1.4 vs 4.3 ± 1.4, P = 0.8). Asked if the CHA improved their educational experience, 56% of students agreed and 25% disagreed. Asked if the CHA improved their ability to provide patient care, 40% of students agreed and 37% disagreed. Conclusions: The addition of a CHA to a clinical rotation is feasible and develops key medical student public health competencies.

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Robbert Duvivier

Planning for Higher Education

Abdou Ndoye

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• v.23(3); 2022 Dec

Using a One Health Assignment as a Final Project in a Microbiology Course

Jennifer r. huddleston.

a Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA

Associated Data

The One Health initiative is a comprehensive strategy that seeks to understand the balance between the human, animal, environmental domains and how each affects the health of the others. A One Health project is presented here that can be used as a final formative and summative assignment for undergraduate students enrolled in a microbiology course. Students learn about the initiative and then choose topics of relevance. They then synthesize concepts learned throughout the course and new information about the One Health initiative. An assessment rubric is provided that can be modified to a variety of different project types, not just papers, as described here. This One Health assignment helps students learn the importance of the microbiology concepts addressed in the course and also their real-world implications.

INTRODUCTION

Globalization has led to a high degree of interconnectedness among all inhabitants of the earth and has served as the impetus for the One Health initiative. This initiative is a strategic program aimed at understanding the intersecting health of humans, animals, and the environment ( https://cdc.gov/onehealth ). The One Health initiative is supported by the CDC, the American Veterinary Medical Association, and the American Medical Association, and was originally adopted as a collaboration in 2007 ( 1 ). Its primary focus is on the zoonotic diseases that can wreak havoc on both animal and human populations. It is for this reason that One Health should be an initiative of utmost relevance and importance to undergraduate students learning microbiology.

A few undergraduate classroom activities have previously addressed One Health ( 2 , 3 ), but most students are introduced to the concept in graduate, veterinary, or medical school. However, there is a movement to introduce One Health to students earlier in their educational careers ( 4 ). The assignment described here is given as a final project in an undergraduate microbiology course. It serves as both formative and summative in learning about specific aspects of One Health, integrating this knowledge, and addressing all of the objectives of AAAS Vision and Change and American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Curriculum Guidelines ( 5 , 6 ). The objectives are listed in Table 1 . This assignment gives students an opportunity to demonstrate knowledge while integrating it into a One Health framework, focusing heavily on the ASM guidelines related to scientific thinking (guidelines 30, 30a, 30b, 31, 31a) ( 6 ).

TABLE 1

Unique learning objectives for the One Health assignment

At the beginning of the 3-week unit, students are introduced to the One Health initiative through a series of formative assignments that are also scaffolding assignments for the final submission (see Appendix S1 and S2 in the supplemental material). The students learn about the initiative through a series of videos and the CDC website. They choose three topics which are given peer and instructor feedback, followed by a final topic decision. Three primary sources are chosen to learn source selection and proper citation style. The students then submit an annotated bibliography with at least 10 peer-reviewed sources, followed by an outline and part of a rough draft. Finally, they submit their projects (see Appendix S3) through an originality program in the course management system, which allows multiple resubmissions before the deadline and reinforces proper paraphrasing as students see their mistakes highlighted and have a chance for correction. The students then give an oral presentation summarizing their topic to classmates. This allows all students to learn about an array of different problems addressed by One Health. Students are evaluated with a single-point rubric ( Table 2 ) that gives transparent expectations of the project and efficient individualized feedback. The project comprises 10% of the final course grade (see Appendix S4).

TABLE 2

Single-point rubric for assessment of One Health assignment

Students may change their topic at any point. Sometimes students realize there is not enough information on their topic, or their topic is causing them emotional trauma (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 and a COVID-19 death in the family). Other than potential emotional trauma, there are no safety issues with this assignment.

This assignment has been used with four semesters of microbiology students ( n  = 73) who have participated in informal conversations. The students appreciate writing a paper about a self-chosen topic over studying for a comprehensive exam. The most common challenge is learning how to discern primary peer-reviewed sources and how to paraphrase with integrity. Student feedback has led to improved transparency of the rubric (to expand types of topics, clarify length, etc.) and to a knowledge of how to direct students toward more achievable topics. Topics that have been successfully developed include Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, antibiotic usage in agriculture, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, coral bleaching, and others.

Initially, this assignment was intended to allow for a variety of different types of projects, such as movies, not just papers. However, the students chose the paper format because of lack of rubric clarity for other types of projects, but with a modification, this assignment could allow for different project types.

The concepts in the One Health initiative are imperative for all citizens to understand, but they are especially important for microbiology students as future health care providers, veterinarians, teachers, researchers, and voting citizens. This assignment allows them to think critically and delve deeper into crises that our world is facing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank all of the students in the microbiology courses who worked on One Health assignments and provided feedback on their experience and who asked questions when the assignment was not transparent. I declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental material is available online only.

Supplemental file 1

Appendices S1 to S4. Download jmbe.00077-22-s0001.pdf, PDF file, 0.1 MB

Social Determinants of Health

What are social determinants of health.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.

SDOH can be grouped into 5 domains:

Suggested citation

Healthy People 2030, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved [date graphic was accessed], from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health

Social determinants of health (SDOH) have a major impact on people’s health, well-being, and quality of life. Examples of SDOH include:

• Safe housing, transportation, and neighborhoods
• Racism, discrimination, and violence
• Education, job opportunities, and income
• Access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities
• Polluted air and water
• Language and literacy skills

SDOH also contribute to wide health disparities and inequities. For example, people who don't have access to grocery stores with healthy foods are less likely to have good nutrition. That raises their risk of health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity — and even lowers life expectancy relative to people who do have access to healthy foods.

Just promoting healthy choices won't eliminate these and other health disparities. Instead, public health organizations and their partners in sectors like education, transportation, and housing need to take action to improve the conditions in people's environments. 

That's why Healthy People 2030 has an increased and overarching focus on SDOH.

How Does Healthy People 2030 Address SDOH?

One of Healthy People 2030’s 5 overarching goals is specifically related to SDOH: “Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all.”

In line with this goal, Healthy People 2030 features many objectives related to SDOH. These objectives highlight the importance of "upstream" factors — usually unrelated to health care delivery — in improving health and reducing health disparities.

More than a dozen workgroups made up of subject matter experts with different backgrounds and areas of expertise developed these objectives. One of these groups, the Social Determinants of Health Workgroup , focuses solely on SDOH.

Explore Research Related to SDOH

Social determinants of health affect nearly everyone in one way or another. Our literature summaries provide a snapshot of the latest research related to specific SDOH.

View SDOH Infographics

Each SDOH infographic represents a single example from each of the 5 domains of the social determinants of health. You can download them, print them, and share them with your networks.

Learn How SDOH Affect Older Adults

SDOH have a big impact on our chances of staying healthy as we age. Healthy People’s actionable scenarios highlight ways professionals can support older adults’ health and well-being.

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