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This page contains sample papers formatted in seventh edition APA Style. The sample papers show the format that authors should use to submit a manuscript for publication in a professional journal and that students should use to submit a paper to an instructor for a course assignment. You can download the Word files to use as templates and edit them as needed for the purposes of your own papers.
Most guidelines in the Publication Manual apply to both professional manuscripts and student papers. However, there are specific guidelines for professional papers versus student papers, including professional and student title page formats. All authors should check with the person or entity to whom they are submitting their paper (e.g., publisher or instructor) for guidelines that are different from or in addition to those specified by APA Style.
The following two sample papers were published in annotated form in the Publication Manual and are reproduced here as PDFs for your ease of use. The annotations draw attention to content and formatting and provide the relevant sections of the Publication Manual (7th ed.) to consult for more information.
We also offer these sample papers in Microsoft Word (.docx) format with the annotations as comments to the text.
Finally, we offer these sample papers in Microsoft Word (.docx) format without the annotations.
These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different professional paper types. Professional papers can contain many different elements depending on the nature of the work. Authors seeking publication should refer to the journal’s instructions for authors or manuscript submission guidelines for specific requirements and/or sections to include.
Sample papers are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Chapter 2 and the Concise Guide Chapter 1
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These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different student paper types. Students may write the same types of papers as professional authors (e.g., quantitative studies, literature reviews) or other types of papers for course assignments (e.g., reaction or response papers, discussion posts), dissertations, and theses.
APA does not set formal requirements for the nature or contents of an APA Style student paper. Students should follow the guidelines and requirements of their instructor, department, and/or institution when writing papers. For instance, an abstract and keywords are not required for APA Style student papers, although an instructor may request them in student papers that are longer or more complex. Specific questions about a paper being written for a course assignment should be directed to the instructor or institution assigning the paper.
Although published articles differ in format from manuscripts submitted for publication or student papers (e.g., different line spacing, font, margins, and column format), articles published in APA journals provide excellent demonstrations of APA Style in action.
APA journals began publishing papers in seventh edition APA Style in 2020. Professional authors should check the author submission guidelines for the journal to which they want to submit their paper for any journal-specific style requirements.
Quantitative professional paper template: Adapted from “Fake News, Fast and Slow: Deliberation Reduces Belief in False (but Not True) News Headlines,” by B. Bago, D. G. Rand, and G. Pennycook, 2020, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 149 (8), pp. 1608–1613 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000729 ). Copyright 2020 by the American Psychological Association.
Qualitative professional paper template: Adapted from “‘My Smartphone Is an Extension of Myself’: A Holistic Qualitative Exploration of the Impact of Using a Smartphone,” by L. J. Harkin and D. Kuss, 2020, Psychology of Popular Media , 10 (1), pp. 28–38 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000278 ). Copyright 2020 by the American Psychological Association.
Mixed methods professional paper template: Adapted from “‘I Am a Change Agent’: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Students’ Social Justice Value Orientation in an Undergraduate Community Psychology Course,” by D. X. Henderson, A. T. Majors, and M. Wright, 2019, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology , 7 (1), 68–80. ( https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000171 ). Copyright 2019 by the American Psychological Association.
Literature review professional paper template: Adapted from “Rethinking Emotions in the Context of Infants’ Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Interest and Positive Emotions,” by S. I. Hammond and J. K. Drummond, 2019, Developmental Psychology , 55 (9), pp. 1882–1888 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000685 ). Copyright 2019 by the American Psychological Association.
Review professional paper template: Adapted from “Joining the Conversation: Teaching Students to Think and Communicate Like Scholars,” by E. L. Parks, 2022, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology , 8 (1), pp. 70–78 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000193 ). Copyright 2020 by the American Psychological Association.
These papers came from real students who gave their permission to have them edited and posted by APA.
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A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Robert Sapolsky’s Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst was published by Penguin Books in 2018. Roughly 700 pages excluding references, the work offers an extensive coverage of the science of human behavior from varied disciplinary lenses including evolutionary psychology, genetics and epigenetics , neurobiology and endocrinology, primatology, as well as several other subfields.
Upon publication, the book was hailed as an invaluable contribution to the field of public scholarship on human behavior, due both to the scale and scope of the work and the accessible and often humorous style of Sapolsky’s writing. Though sweeping and enjoyable, the book is also of the highest academic rigor, incorporating thousands of academic references gleaned over the span of Sapolsky’s long career as a primatologist (someone who studies monkeys and apes) and neuroscientist (someone who studies the brain and nervous system). The book offers readers an introduction to the essential functions and findings of each of the fields in the paragraph above as well as coverage of many of the seminal studies and lifeworks of individual figures in these fields.
The subtitle of the book, The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst details Sapolsky’s major concern throughout the text: explaining exactly how humans are capable of awe-inspiring, deeply altruistic and cognitively, aesthetically or emotionally impressive behaviors at the same time as we are capable of profound selfishness, violence, hate, and depression. To understand this great variety in human behavior, Sapolsky first works to answer the fundamental question of how behaviors can be understood to occur at all. This is a topic that concerns roughly the first half of the book, as Sapolsky moves through the science of behavior in a backward chronological and then developmental framework: What events occur in the brain and body one second before the behavior occurs? Seconds to minutes before it occurs? Hours to days before? What happens in the brain in adolescence? in fetal development? Over the last few thousand years of human history? in evolution? Each of these topics is treated as a standalone chapter. This progression though causal factors more and more distant in time from the actual behavioral event allows Sapolsky a framework to discuss and connect different biological determinants of behavior in a multifactorial analysis.
After providing this dense coverage of how human behavior occurs, Sapolsky brings his attention to specific topics in the “best and worst” in human behavior, which dominates the second half of his book. These topics include our tendency to form in-groups and out-groups, the nature of human morality, sympathy vs empathy, war, and crime. Each of these topics is explored biologically and also receives its own chapter. As these chapters progress, and Sapolsky wades into hairier and hairier topics, he consistently emphasizes that the seeming complexity of these behaviors are based on simple functions in the human brain. He also urges that understanding how these behaviors occur in a scientific framework is crucial for transforming our behaviors and cultures, and making a more peaceful world is also making a more scientific one.
By Robert M. Sapolsky
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By barbara kingsolver, flight behavior study guide.
Flight Behavior , published in 2012, explores a young woman's life as a housewife in fictional Feathertown, Tennessee. Dellarobia Turnbow quickly attracts both local and national attention after discovering a large colony of monarch butterflies in the fields behind her family's home. The discovery brings Ovid Byron , a distinguished ecologist, to the town, where he begins to study the butterflies and reveals how their behavior is related to climate change. Over the course of the novel, Dellarobia must confront her ongoing dissatisfaction with her marriage, her relationship to education, and her future aspirations—topics that are brought to the forefront by Ovid's arrival in Feathertown. Climate change and its effects loom over the novel as each character grapples with the inevitable reality of a shifting global climate.
The novel, much like Kingsolver's previous works, takes up social issues and tackles them through a fictional lens, exploring climate change, gender roles, education, and class. It also draws great influence from Kingsolver's own life growing up in rural Kentucky, incorporating imagery from the sociocultural landscape of rural Appalachia.
Flight Behavior was a public success, earning Book of the Year awards from the Washington Post and USA Today. While Kingsolver was already well-known for incorporating social justice and political activism into her novels, Flight Behavior solidified Kingsolver's status as a "climate fiction" writer.
The Question and Answer section for Flight Behavior is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.
Flight Behavior study guide contains a biography of Barbara Kingsolver, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.
Flight Behavior essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Flight Behavior by Barbara Kingsolver.
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Dellarobia Turnbow was born and raised in Feathertown, Tennessee in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and feels trapped in her rural, mommy life and shotgun marriage. One November day she finally feels ready to throw it all away for an affair with a young telephone repairman. Yet as she climbs the mountain on the back part of the family farm to meet her potential lover, she sees an epic vision of orange covering the trees and flying into the sky across a valley on another ridge. Without her glasses she can't see what it is, but her religious upbringing makes her think it is a sign that she is making a bad decision and she returns home to her husband Cub and young children, Preston and Cordelia.
Dellarobia and Cub share their property with Cub's parents, Hester and Bear. Because of the collapsed economy and terrible weather that ruined the year's hay crop, the farm is failing under an equipment loan. Bear signs a contract with a logging company to clear-cut the mountain where Dellarobia saw the flame-colored phenomenon. Feeling guilty about why she was up there to witness it, Dellarobia circuitously urges Cub and his father to check out the mountain before they strip it in case there is something more valuable than trees up there. The family takes a look and discovers that the trees and mountain are covered in monarch butterflies. In church the following Sunday, Cub testifies to Pastor Bobby Ogle and the congregation that Dellarobia had a "vision" that led them to discover the butterflies.
The small community is divided on whether the butterflies are some kind of gift from God, but Bear is determined to log anyway, desperate for the money so the Turnbows won't lose their entire farm. News of the butterflies slowly spreads, and Dellarobia is unexpectedly visited by an immigrant family from a small town in Mexico where the monarchs used to spend their winters before a recent flood and mudslide that destroyed the entire community. Dellarobia is visited by reporters who want to hear her "miraculous" story, but also by a scientist named Ovid Byron, who has studied the migratory patterns of monarchs for the length of his career, and sees their inexplicable roosting in Tennessee, miles away from their usual routine, as an ominous sign of climate change. The differences in ecology and temperature between Mexico and Tennessee could lead to the death of the monarchs before winter is over, and thus their virtual extinction. Ovid sets up a full lab with assistants to study the butterflies in the Turnbows' barn, but often finds the local narrow-mindedness about science and global warming to be mind-boggling.
After a national news report erroneously claims Dellarobia was saved from suicide by her vision of the butterflies, Dellarobia finds herself becoming uncomfortably famous and wishes to have her privacy back, though she grows closer and more attracted to Ovid as she begins working with him on collecting data for his experiments. Though Hester and Dellarobia don't ordinarily have the best relationship, Hester implores Dellarobia to urge Cub to stand up to Bear about the logging. Hester's deep-rooted faith guides her to continue in the idea that the butterflies came to their property straight from God himself. As Ovid persuades Dellarobia about the reality of climate change, and the risks of flooding and mudslides that logging would bring to their property, Dellarobia readily agrees with her mother-in-law, but Cub is harder to convince about global warming's dangers, particularly to farmers.
The more attracted she becomes to Ovid, the more Dellarobia realizes her marriage to Cub, born of an unplanned high school pregnancy that ended in a miscarriage, is little more than fear of change and newness. Hester reveals she remained distant from Dellarobia because she always assumed she would leave, too smart and ambitious for her son. Though Ovid's wife Juliet arrives and Dellarobia is forced to admit her self-delusion that she could have a future with the scientist, her conviction that her marriage is wrong for both her and Cub remains strong, and she tells him they must separate. With the help of Pastor Bobby and Dellarobia, Hester and Cub convince Bear to grudgingly break his contract with the logging company.
The butterflies come through a strange, mild winter and begin to make movements toward living in their usual (though new) migratory schedule. But after a week of spring-like weather a sudden and deep snowstorm makes Ovid and Dellarobia certain the monarch population is lost. Yet as the world thaws again, Dellarobia witnesses some fraction of the butterflies resuming their flight patterns. The world may be completely different as Dellarobia plans to move off the farm with her children and return to college, but it is more than possible that both she and the butterflies will survive.
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To effectively summarize an essay, follow these steps: 1 Read the essay: Fully read the essay to understand its main argument and structure. As you do this, identify the essay's thesis statement and main arguments, which will be featured in your summary. 2 Identify main points: Pinpoint the key points and arguments within the essay.
You might use summary to provide background, set the stage, or illustrate supporting evidence, but keep it very brief: a few sentences should do the trick. Most of your paper should focus on your argument. (Our handout on argument will help you construct a good one.) Writing a summary of what you know about your topic before you start drafting ...
Table of contents. When to write a summary. Step 1: Read the text. Step 2: Break the text down into sections. Step 3: Identify the key points in each section. Step 4: Write the summary. Step 5: Check the summary against the article. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about summarizing.
A summary of a literary work isn't just a plain-old synopsis. It's a valuable study tool, a foundational element of all kinds of essays, a common testing mechanism, and one of the basics of literary analysis. Whether you're in high school or college, developing a deep understanding of how and when to summarize a book or text is a valuable skill.
Like traditional essays, summaries have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. What these components look like will vary some based on the purpose of the summary you're writing. The introduction, body, and conclusion of work focused specifically around summarizing something is going to be a little different than in work where summary is ...
Even if your summary is the length of a full paper, you are likely summarizing a book or other significantly longer work. 2. A summary should tell the reader the highlights of what they need to know without giving them unnecessary details. 3. It should also include enough details to give a clear and honest picture.
First, start your summary by identifying the title, author and type of text. You should include the information above and a brief explanation of the. author's major point in the first sentence of your summary. Example: The Scholastic News article, "Running Into. History," explains how Roberta "Bobbi" Gibb changed the Boston Marathon.
A summary is written in your own words. A summary contains only the ideas of the original text. Do not insert any of your own opinions, interpretations, deductions or comments into a summary. Identify in order the significant sub-claims the author uses to defend the main point. Copy word-for-word three separate passages from the essay that you ...
2 Research your topic. Once you know your topic, you can begin collecting data and evidence to discuss it. If your analytical essay is about a creative work, you may want to spend time reviewing or evaluating that work, such as watching a film closely or studying the details of a painting.
A summary should include all of the main points or ideas in the work but avoid smaller details or ideas. You don't want to provide every aspect of the plot or smaller points in your summary. Your summary should be written using your own words. Present the main ideas objectively, avoiding your own opinion and thoughts about the work.
Changing Behavior. People can change how they act. If someone learns that being angry doesn't solve problems, they might try to stay calm next time. Changing behavior can be hard, but it is possible. 250 Words Essay on Human Behaviour Understanding Human Behavior. Human behavior is the way people act and think.
Essay Example: "Girl, Interrupted", written by Susanna Kaysen, is about her 18-month stay at a psychiatric hospital back in the late '60s. ... How the patients get along with each other and the staff reveals a lot about human behavior and how mental illness can bring people together or push them apart. ... Interrupted Summary. (2024, Sep 17 ...
In addition, the general prevalence of time and resource management in the contemporary society further prompted me to change my behavior in order to conform to the society's desirable values. Reference List. FHI (2004). Behavior change- a summary of four major theories. Web. Fieger, H. (2009). Behavior change: a view fro inside out. New York ...
Identify the important ideas and facts. To help you summarize and analyze your argumentative texts, your articles, your scientific texts, your history texts as well as your well-structured analyses work of art, Resoomer provides you with a "Summary text tool" : an educational tool that identifies and summarizes the important ideas and facts of your documents.
Essay Example: Introduction B. F. Skinner, a big name in psychology, changed how we think about human behavior with his theory of personality. Instead of looking at thoughts and feelings, Skinner focused on what we can see—behaviors and the environment around us. His main idea, operant conditioning
The following two sample papers were published in annotated form in the Publication Manual and are reproduced here as PDFs for your ease of use. The annotations draw attention to content and formatting and provide the relevant sections of the Publication Manual (7th ed.) to consult for more information.. Student sample paper with annotations (PDF, 5MB)
Essay Example: Introduction You know, potential cueing is this idea that mixes psychology, neuroscience, and education. It's about how certain signals or cues can mess with how we think and act. These cues can be from inside us, like our thoughts and feelings, or from the world around us,
Get unlimited access to SuperSummary. for only $0.70/week. Subscribe. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of "Behave" by Robert M. Sapolsky. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Flight Behavior Summary. Flight Behavior tells the story of Dellarobia Turnbow, a twenty-eight-year-old housewife living with her husband, Cub, and two children, Preston and Cordelia, in Feathertown, a fictional town located in rural Tennessee. Dellarobia feels trapped by her role as a housewife and her marriage to Cub, who she was forced to ...
Flight Behavior, published in 2012, explores a young woman's life as a housewife in fictional Feathertown, Tennessee. Dellarobia Turnbow quickly attracts both local and national attention after discovering a large colony of monarch butterflies in the fields behind her family's home. The discovery brings Ovid Byron, a distinguished ecologist, to the town, where he begins to study the ...
Free essay examples about Social Behavior ️ Proficient writing team ️ High-quality of every essay ️ Largest database of free samples on PapersOwl
This study guide contains the following sections: This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion on Flight Behavior: A Novel by Barbara Kingsolver. Dellarobia Turnbow was born and raised in Feathertown, Tennessee in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and feels trapped in her rural, mommy life and shotgun marriage.