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How to Write the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay (With Example)

November 27, 2023

Feeling intimidated by the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay? We’re here to help demystify. Whether you’re cramming for the AP Lang exam right now or planning to take the test down the road, we’ve got crucial rubric information, helpful tips, and an essay example to prepare you for the big day. This post will cover 1) What is the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay? 2) AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Rubric 3) AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis: Sample Prompt 4) AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example 5)AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example: Why It Works

What is the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay?

The AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay is one of three essays included in the written portion of the AP English Exam. The full AP English Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long, with the first 60 minutes dedicated to multiple-choice questions. Once you complete the multiple-choice section, you move on to three equally weighted essays that ask you to synthesize, analyze, and interpret texts and develop well-reasoned arguments. The three essays include:

Synthesis essay: You’ll review various pieces of evidence and then write an essay that synthesizes (aka combines and interprets) the evidence and presents a clear argument. Read our write up on How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay here.

Argumentative essay: You’ll take a stance on a specific topic and argue your case.

Rhetorical essay: You’ll read a provided passage, then analyze the author’s rhetorical choices and develop an argument that explains why the author made those rhetorical choices.

AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Rubric

The AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay is graded on just 3 rubric categories: Thesis, Evidence and Commentary, and Sophistication . At a glance, the rubric categories may seem vague, but AP exam graders are actually looking for very particular things in each category. We’ll break it down with dos and don’ts for each rubric category:

Thesis (0-1 point)

There’s nothing nebulous when it comes to grading AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay thesis. You either have one or you don’t. Including a thesis gets you one point closer to a high score and leaving it out means you miss out on one crucial point. So, what makes a thesis that counts?

• Make sure your thesis argues something about the author’s rhetorical choices. Making an argument means taking a risk and offering your own interpretation of the provided text. This is an argument that someone else might disagree with.
• A good test to see if you have a thesis that makes an argument. In your head, add the phrase “I think that…” to the beginning of your thesis. If what follows doesn’t logically flow after that phrase (aka if what follows isn’t something you and only you think), it’s likely you’re not making an argument.
• Avoid a thesis that merely restates the prompt.
• Avoid a thesis that summarizes the text but does not make an argument.

Evidence and Commentary (0-4 points)

This rubric category is graded on a scale of 0-4 where 4 is the highest grade. Per the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis rubric, to get a 4, you’ll want to:

• Include lots of specific evidence from the text. There is no set golden number of quotes to include, but you’ll want to make sure you’re incorporating more than a couple pieces of evidence that support your argument about the author’s rhetorical choices.
• Make sure you include more than one type of evidence, too. Let’s say you’re working on your essay and have gathered examples of alliteration to include as supporting evidence. That’s just one type of rhetorical choice, and it’s hard to make a credible argument if you’re only looking at one type of evidence. To fix that issue, reread the text again looking for patterns in word choice and syntax, meaningful figurative language and imagery, literary devices, and other rhetorical choices, looking for additional types of evidence to support your argument.
• After you include evidence, offer your own interpretation and explain how this evidence proves the point you make in your thesis.
• Don’t summarize or speak generally about the author and the text. Everything you write must be backed up with evidence.
• Don’t let quotes speak for themselves. After every piece of evidence you include, make sure to explain your interpretation. Also, connect the evidence to your overarching argument.

Sophistication (0-1 point)

In this case, sophistication isn’t about how many fancy vocabulary words or how many semicolons you use. According to College Board , one point can be awarded to AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis essays that “demonstrate sophistication of thought and/or a complex understanding of the rhetorical situation” in any of these three ways:

• Explaining the significance or relevance of the writer’s rhetorical choices.
• Explaining the purpose or function of the passage’s complexities or tensions.
• Employing a style that is consistently vivid and persuasive.

Note that you don’t have to achieve all three to earn your sophistication point. A good way to think of this rubric category is to consider it a bonus point that you can earn for going above and beyond in depth of analysis or by writing an especially persuasive, clear, and well-structured essay. In order to earn this point, you’ll need to first do a good job with your thesis, evidence, and commentary.

• Focus on nailing an argumentative thesis and multiple types of evidence. Getting these fundamentals of your essay right will set you up for achieving depth of analysis.
• Explain how each piece of evidence connects to your thesis.
• Spend a minute outlining your essay before you begin to ensure your essay flows in a clear and cohesive way.
• Steer clear of generalizations about the author or text.
• Don’t include arguments you can’t prove with evidence from the text.
• Avoid complex sentences and fancy vocabulary words unless you use them often. Long, clunky sentences with imprecisely used words are hard to follow.

AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis: Sample Prompt

The sample prompt below is published online by College Board and is a real example from the 2021 AP Exam. The prompt provides background context, essay instructions, and the text you need to analyze. For sake of space, we’ve included the text as an image you can click to read. After the prompt, we provide a sample high scoring essay and then explain why this AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis essay example works.

Suggested time—40 minutes.

(This question counts as one-third of the total essay section score.)

On February 27, 2013, while in office, former president Barack Obama delivered the following address dedicating the Rosa Parks statue in the National Statuary Hall of the United States Capitol building. Rosa Parks was an African American civil rights activist who was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Obama makes to convey his message.

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices.
• Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning.
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation.
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example

In his speech delivered in 2013 at the dedication of Rosa Park’s statue, President Barack Obama acknowledges everything that Parks’ activism made possible in the United States. Telling the story of Parks’ life and achievements, Obama highlights the fact that Parks was a regular person whose actions accomplished enormous change during the civil rights era. Through the use of diction that portrays Parks as quiet and demure, long lists that emphasize the extent of her impacts, and Biblical references, Obama suggests that all of us are capable of achieving greater good, just as Parks did.

Although it might be a surprising way to start to his dedication, Obama begins his speech by telling us who Parks was not: “Rosa Parks held no elected office. She possessed no fortune” he explains in lines 1-2. Later, when he tells the story of the bus driver who threatened to have Parks arrested when she refused to get off the bus, he explains that Parks “simply replied, ‘You may do that’” (lines 22-23). Right away, he establishes that Parks was a regular person who did not hold a seat of power. Her protest on the bus was not part of a larger plan, it was a simple response. By emphasizing that Parks was not powerful, wealthy, or loud spoken, he implies that Parks’ style of activism is an everyday practice that all of us can aspire to.

AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example (Continued)

Even though Obama portrays Parks as a demure person whose protest came “simply” and naturally, he shows the importance of her activism through long lists of ripple effects. When Parks challenged her arrest, Obama explains, Martin Luther King, Jr. stood with her and “so did thousands of Montgomery, Alabama commuters” (lines 27-28). They began a boycott that included “teachers and laborers, clergy and domestics, through rain and cold and sweltering heat, day after day, week after week, month after month, walking miles if they had to…” (lines 28-31). In this section of the speech, Obama’s sentences grow longer and he uses lists to show that Parks’ small action impacted and inspired many others to fight for change. Further, listing out how many days, weeks, and months the boycott lasted shows how Parks’ single act of protest sparked a much longer push for change.

To further illustrate Parks’ impact, Obama incorporates Biblical references that emphasize the importance of “that single moment on the bus” (lines 57-58). In lines 33-35, Obama explains that Parks and the other protestors are “driven by a solemn determination to affirm their God-given dignity” and he also compares their victory to the fall the “ancient walls of Jericho” (line 43). By of including these Biblical references, Obama suggests that Parks’ action on the bus did more than correct personal or political wrongs; it also corrected moral and spiritual wrongs. Although Parks had no political power or fortune, she was able to restore a moral balance in our world.

Toward the end of the speech, Obama states that change happens “not mainly through the exploits of the famous and the powerful, but through the countless acts of often anonymous courage and kindness” (lines 78-81). Through carefully chosen diction that portrays her as a quiet, regular person and through lists and Biblical references that highlight the huge impacts of her action, Obama illustrates exactly this point. He wants us to see that, just like Parks, the small and meek can change the world for the better.

AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example: Why It Works

We would give the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis essay above a score of 6 out of 6 because it fully satisfies the essay’s 3 rubric categories: Thesis, Evidence and Commentary, and Sophistication . Let’s break down what this student did:

The thesis of this essay appears in the last line of the first paragraph:

“ Through the use of diction that portrays Parks as quiet and demure, long lists that emphasize the extent of her impacts, and Biblical references, Obama suggests that all of us are capable of achieving greater good, just as Parks did .”

This student’s thesis works because they make a clear argument about Obama’s rhetorical choices. They 1) list the rhetorical choices that will be analyzed in the rest of the essay (the italicized text above) and 2) include an argument someone else might disagree with (the bolded text above).

Evidence and Commentary:

This student includes substantial evidence and commentary. Things they do right, per the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis rubric:

• They include lots of specific evidence from the text in the form of quotes.
• They incorporate 3 different types of evidence (diction, long lists, Biblical references).
• After including evidence, they offer an interpretation of what the evidence means and explain how the evidence contributes to their overarching argument (aka their thesis).

Sophistication

This essay achieves sophistication according to the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis essay rubric in a few key ways:

• This student provides an introduction that flows naturally into the topic their essay will discuss. Before they get to their thesis, they tell us that Obama portrays Parks as a “regular person” setting up their main argument: Obama wants all regular people to aspire to do good in the world just as Rosa Parks did.
• They organize evidence and commentary in a clear and cohesive way. Each body paragraph focuses on just one type of evidence.
• They explain how their evidence is significant. In the final sentence of each body paragraph, they draw a connection back to the overarching argument presented in the thesis.
• All their evidence supports the argument presented in their thesis. There is no extraneous evidence or misleading detail.
• They consider nuances in the text. Rather than taking the text at face value, they consider what Obama’s rhetorical choices imply and offer their own unique interpretation of those implications.
• In their final paragraph, they come full circle, reiterate their thesis, and explain what Obama’s rhetorical choices communicate to readers.
• Their sentences are clear and easy to read. There are no grammar errors or misused words.

AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay—More Resources

Looking for more tips to help your master your AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay? Brush up on 20 Rhetorical Devices High School Students Should Know and read our Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension . If you’re ready to start studying for another part of the AP English Exam, find more expert tips in our How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis blog post.

Considering what other AP classes to take? Read up on the Hardest AP Classes .

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Christina Wood

Christina Wood holds a BA in Literature & Writing from UC San Diego, an MFA in Creative Writing from Washington University in St. Louis, and is currently a Doctoral Candidate in English at the University of Georgia, where she teaches creative writing and first-year composition courses. Christina has published fiction and nonfiction in numerous publications, including The Paris Review , McSweeney’s , Granta , Virginia Quarterly Review , The Sewanee Review , Mississippi Review , and Puerto del Sol , among others. Her story “The Astronaut” won the 2018 Shirley Jackson Award for short fiction and received a “Distinguished Stories” mention in the 2019 Best American Short Stories anthology.

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Argument Essay: Evidence

8 min read • june 18, 2024

Stephanie Kirk

We aren’t sure where it started, but many teachers use REHUGO to help students find evidence on the Argument FRQ .  This acronym provides a quick check that can help you build logical evidence that supports your claim .

• R - Reading - Something you have read, fiction or nonfiction, that connects the given topic.
• E - Entertainment - A movie or song with dialogue or lyrics that present related ideas.
• H - History - An event, document, speech, or person from history that aligns with the given topic.
• U - Universal Truths - A common maxim or socially-accepted quote people tend to accept as truth.
• G - Government - A national or international current event or governmental situation related to the topic.
• O - Observations - Any cultural, technical, or societal trend that relates to the topic.

Suggested Guided Questions for the Argument FRQ

Now that you have a better understanding of the Argument FRQ’s expectations and scoring, let’s visit a sample prompt and add a few guided questions that you can use to help plan your own writings.

Guided Question 1: What does the prompt say? 📝

• Why do I do this?  Understanding the concept or idea presented by the prompt is vital to planning a response that thoroughly addresses the prompt and stays on topic throughout.  This is where you are going to  BAT the PROMPT .
• Background : Gladwell asserts that society should trust each other in order to continue to be productive. Assuming the best about each other presents a better outcome than assuming the worst about each other.
• Advice : The new stable prompt wording does not give much advice, but you should revisit advice you learned in class or from us as Fiveable -- things like using Toulmin to plan your response and planning modes of development that help progress your reasoning.
• Task : Write an essay giving your position about the importance of trust. Specifically, is Gladwell right or wrong? And why? 🎥 Watch: AP Lang -   Argumentation, Part I: It's a Trap!

Rhetorical Situation : When writing for AP Lang, it is important to consider the rhetorical situation and write in a manner that demonstrates an understanding of all elements of that situation. 

• Context - the historical, social, and cultural movements in the time of the text
• Exigence - the urgency that leads to an action
• Purpose - the goal the speaker wants to achieve and the desired audience movement
• Persona - the “mask” shown to his/her audience

Guided Question 2: What do I think? 💡

Why do I do this?   Taking a moment to brainstorm ideas can help organize thoughts and build an outline that you can revisit if you lose your train of thought in the stress of timed writing.

What does it look like?   This might just be stream-of-consciousness in your head, cloud diagrams, or even bulleted notes on the side of your prompt, but it needs to end with a clear position statement you can use for your thesis statement . For example: Trust is important. It does suck to get betrayed though but having a positive outlook creates positive results. Thinking the worst makes people act negatively because they project in a way that leads toward the worst response. ⬇️

• Thesis Statement: Although some people believe humanity seems self-interested, a trusting nature enables individuals to focus on the positive and treat others with the respect that foster positive interrelationships.

Guided Question 3: What evidence can I use? 🤔

• Why do I do this?   Revisit REHUGO and use Toulmin to plan your body paragraphs based on the thesis statement you came to when brainstorming ideas.
• Modes of Development:  When writing, it is helpful to arrange the overall essay and its parts in a way that aligns with the purpose.  Consider these basic modes and how you might use them in writing an argumentative essay.- Cause and Effect attempt to follow the chain of events and establish causation. The description brings imagery and details into a text so that it set up the tone and ensures the reader can follow the mood.- Classification allows the speaker to categorize things in a way that guides the reader to follow the line of reasoning.- Comparison , looking at the similarities and differences, helps to analyze the intricate details of a given topic.  Because this describes differing elements, it may be structured by the element or by the characteristic.- Definition  works to explain what something is or is not. By defining the subject being discussed, the speaker is able to control the thinking about that subject.  Because this helps to clarify the topic, it is generally used in the introductory section of argumentation.- Exemplification  is used when explaining the topic or situation by giving examples to help lead the audience to the desired conclusion.- Narration  tells a story or gives an anecdote to help illustrate the point.- Process Analysis serves to explain the process by which something is done.
• What does it look like?   I always use a version of the T-chart because one side is my evidence and the other side helps me consider multiple perspectives.  You may not have an idea in all areas, and you may have multiple ideas in one area. Try to time yourself so that you get plenty of strong evidence without wasting too much time. | Supports 🏗️ | Thoughts 💭 | | --- | --- | | ~ R -  Trust in Society by Cook points out that we only realize the importance of trust when there’s a breakdown.~ R - Essay “Importance of Trust” from class said that trust is not easy but it is what builds the foundation of a relationship and drives all actions between sides.~ E -  The 2011 movie  Trust shows that too much trust can get you hurt or killed.~ E - The media has so much bias it can’t be trusted… ~ H - Revolutionary War - trusted founding fathers and God’s position resulting in breaking free from Britain~ U - Trust - People should be trusted until proven otherwise~ G - A criminal escaped in our town and was on the loose; we trusted police to do their job rather than resort to vigilante justice~ G - Trust the president will have our best interests at heart -- most appear to have done that~ O - App-based dating - relies on trusting the person you meet online before meeting in person  | > relationships between couples> trust in contractual agreements? Moral obligation for trust?> Counter?> Relied on trust and won with not much else to go ob> Ex, Parents, Teachers, Siblings > Trust helped keep us safe; job was well done when we were out of the way> Obvious exceptions; System of impeachment  |

🎥 Watch: AP Lang -   Review: Argument Body Paragraphs

PRO TIP:  What if you have more evidence for the other side? Well, you haven’t started writing just yet, so it isn’t too late to go back and revise the thesis statement. Sometimes this happens in looking for evidence, and that’s perfectly okay.  In fact, many times students will say they wrote an essay using evidence that went completely against what they felt in their head or heart just because they couldn’t put a logical argument on paper without getting too emotional.   Know your audience, and build your argument.

Guided Question 4: How should I effectively organize my response? 📈

• Why do I do this?   This step helps to outline the response so that your ideas are organized before you start writing.  The general advice is to follow the structure of  Classical Argumentation , but there is no rule saying that must be done to score well on the rubric. 💯
• What does it look like?   One way of doing this would be to mark numbers by ideas tracked and written in the brainstorm, but some do take a moment to build an outline with topic sentences.
• Modes of Development:  When writing, it is helpful to arrange the overall essay and its parts in a way that aligns with the purpose.  Consider these basic modes and how you might use them in writing an argumentative essay.- Cause and Effect attempt to follow the chain of events and establish causation. The description brings imagery and details into a text so that it set up the tone and ensures the reader can follow the mood.- Classification allows the speaker to categorize things in a way that guides the reader to follow the line of reasoning.- Comparison , looking at the similarities and differences, helps to analyze the intricate details of a given topic.  Because this describes differing elements, it may be structured by the element or by the characteristic.- Definition works to explain what something is or is not. By defining the subject being discussed, the speaker is able to control the thinking about that subject.  Because this helps to clarify the topic, it is generally used in the introductory section of argumentation.- Exemplification is used when explaining the topic or situation by giving examples to help lead the audience to the desired conclusion.- Narration tells a story or gives an anecdote to help illustrate the point.- Process Analysis serves to explain the process by which something is done.
• Start by creating  Toulmin Position Statements that can be used for topic sentences and then move into a writing plan. Here’s a sample for this prompt:

Sample Outline:

• Revised Thesis: Although some people believe trust must be earned, maintaining a trusting nature is important because it enables society to focus on positivity and create positive interrelationships that lead to positive outcomes.
• Universal truth
• Observation
• Entertainment - refute
• Conclude: When considering the value of trust in society, it is clear that the benefits of granting trust far outweigh the consequences of withholding it.

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How to Write the AP Lang Argument Essay + Examples

What’s covered:, what is the ap language argument essay, tips for writing the ap language argument essay, ap english language argument essay examples, how will ap scores impact my college chances.

In 2023, over 550,148 students across the U.S. took the AP English Language and Composition Exam, and 65.2% scored higher than a 3. The AP English Language Exam tests your ability to analyze a piece of writing, synthesize information, write a rhetorical essay, and create a cohesive argument. In this post, we’ll be discussing the best way to approach the argumentative essay section of the test, and we’ll give you tips and tricks so you can write a great essay.

The AP English Language Exam as of 2023 is structured as follows:

Section 1: 45 multiple choice questions to be completed in an hour. This portion counts for 45% of your score. This section requires students to analyze a piece of literature. The questions ask about its content and/or what could be edited within the passage.

Section 2: Three free response questions to be completed in the remaining two hours and 15 minutes. This section counts for 55% of your score. These essay questions include the synthesis essay, the rhetorical essay, and the argumentative essay.

• Synthesis essay: Read 6-7 sources and create an argument using at least three of the sources.
• Rhetorical analysis essay: Describe how a piece of writing evokes meaning and symbolism.
• Argumentative essay: Pick a side of a debate and create an argument based on evidence. In this essay, you should develop a logical argument in support of or against the given statement and provide ample evidence that supports your conclusion. Typically, a five paragraph format is great for this type of writing. This essay is scored holistically from 1 to 9 points.

Do you want more information on the structure of the full exam? Take a look at our in-depth overview of the AP Language and Composition Exam .

Although the AP Language Argument may seem daunting at first, once you understand how the essay should be structured, it will be a lot easier to create cohesive arguments.

Below are some tips to help you as you write the essay.

1. Organize your essay before writing

Instead of jumping right into your essay, plan out what you will say beforehand. It’s easiest to make a list of your arguments and write out what facts or evidence you will use to support each argument. In your outline, you can determine the best order for your arguments, especially if they build on each other or are chronological. Having a well-organized essay is crucial for success.

2. Pick one side of the argument, but acknowledge the other side

When you write the essay, it’s best if you pick one side of the debate and stick with it for the entire essay. All your evidence should be in support of that one side. However, in your introductory paragraph, as you introduce the debate, be sure to mention any merit the arguments of the other side has. This can make the essay a bit more nuanced and show that you did consider both sides before determining which one was better. Often, acknowledging another viewpoint then refuting it can make your essay stronger.

3. Provide evidence to support your claims

The AP readers will be looking for examples and evidence to support your argument. This doesn’t mean that you need to memorize a bunch of random facts before the exam. This just means that you should be able to provide concrete examples in support of your argument.

For example, if the essay topic is about whether the role of the media in society has been detrimental or not, and you argue that it has been, you may talk about the phenomenon of “fake news” during the 2016 presidential election.

AP readers are not looking for perfect examples, but they are looking to see if you can provide enough evidence to back your claim and make it easily understood.

4. Create a strong thesis statement

The thesis statement will set up your entire essay, so it’s important that it is focused and specific, and that it allows for the reader to understand your body paragraphs. Make sure your thesis statement is the very last sentence of your introductory paragraph. In this sentence, list out the key points you will be making in the essay in the same order that you will be writing them. Each new point you mention in your thesis should start a paragraph in your essay.

Below is a prompt and sample student essay from the May 2019 exam . We’ll look at what the student did well in their writing and where they could improve.

Prompt: “The term “overrated” is often used to diminish concepts, places, roles, etc. that the speaker believes do not deserve the prestige they commonly enjoy; for example, many writers have argued that success is overrated, a character in a novel by Anthony Burgess famously describes Rome as a “vastly overrated city,” and Queen Rania of Jordan herself has asserted that “[b]eing queen is overrated.”

Select a concept, place, role, etc. to which you believe that the term “overrated” should be applied. Then, write a well-developed essay in which you explain your judgment. Use appropriate evidence from your reading, experience, or observations to support your argument.

Sample Student Essay #1:

[1] Competition is “overrated.” The notion of motivation between peers has evolved into a source of unnecessary stress and even lack of morals. Whether it be in an academic environment or in the industry, this new idea of competition is harmful to those competing and those around them.

[2] Back in elementary school, competition was rather friendly. It could have been who could do the most pushups or who could get the most imaginary points in a classroom for a prize. If you couldn’t do the most pushups or win that smelly sticker, you would go home and improve yourself – there would be no strong feelings towards anyone, you would just focus on making yourself a better version of yourself. Then as high school rolled around, suddenly applying for college doesn’t seem so far away –GPA seems to be that one stat that defines you – extracurriculars seem to shape you – test scores seem to categorize you. Sleepless nights, studying for the next day’s exam, seem to become more and more frequent. Floating duck syndrome seems to surround you (FDS is where a competitive student pretends to not work hard but is furiously studying beneath the surface just like how a duck furiously kicks to stay afloat). All of your competitors appear to hope you fail – but in the end what do you and your competitor’s gain? Getting one extra point on the test? Does that self-satisfaction compensate for the tremendous amounts of acquired stress? This new type of “competition” is overrated – it serves nothing except a never-ending source of anxiety and seeks to weaken friendships and solidarity as a whole in the school setting.

[3] A similar idea of “competition” can be applied to business. On the most fundamental level, competition serves to be a beneficial regulator of prices and business models for both the business themselves and consumers. However, as businesses grew increasingly greedy and desperate, companies resorted to immoral tactics that only hurt their reputations and consumers as a whole. Whether it be McDonald’s coupons that force you to buy more food or tech companies like Apple intentionally slowing down your iPhone after 3 years to force you to upgrade to the newest device, consumers suffer and in turn speak down upon these companies. Similar to the evolved form of competition in school, this overrated form causes pain for all parties and has since diverged from the encouraging nature that the principle of competition was “founded” on.

The AP score for this essay was a 4/6, meaning that it captured the main purpose of the essay but there were still substantial parts missing. In this essay, the writer did a good job organizing the sections and making sure that their writing was in order according to the thesis statement. The essay first discusses how competition is harmful in elementary school and then discusses this topic in the context of business. This follows the chronological order of somebody’s life and flows nicely.

The arguments in this essay are problematic, as they do not provide enough examples of how exactly competition is overrated. The essay discusses the context in which competition is overrated but does not go far enough in explaining how this connects to the prompt.

In the first example, school stress is used to explain how competition manifests. This is a good starting point, but it does not talk about why competition is overrated; it simply mentions that competition can be unhealthy. The last sentence of that paragraph is the main point of the argument and should be expanded to discuss how the anxiety of school is overrated later on in life. 

In the second example, the writer discusses how competition can lead to harmful business practices, but again, this doesn’t reflect the reason this would be overrated. Is competition really overrated because Apple and McDonald’s force you to buy new products? This example could’ve been taken one step farther. Instead of explaining why business structures—such as monopolies—harm competition, the author should discuss how those particular structures are overrated.

Additionally, the examples the writer used lack detail. A stronger essay would’ve provided more in-depth examples. This essay seemed to mention examples only in passing without using them to defend the argument.

It should also be noted that the structure of the essay is incomplete. The introduction only has a thesis statement and no additional context. Also, there is no conclusion paragraph that sums up the essay. These missing components result in a 4/6.

Now let’s go through the prompt for a sample essay from the May 2022 exam . The prompt is as follows:

Colin Powell, a four-star general and former United States Secretary of State, wrote in his 1995 autobiography: “[W]e do not have the luxury of collecting information indefinitely. At some point, before we can have every possible fact in hand, we have to decide. The key is not to make quick decisions, but to make timely decisions.”

Write an essay that argues your position on the extent to which Powell’s claim about making decisions is valid. 

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible position. 
• Provide evidence to support your line of reasoning. 
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. 
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

Sample Student Essay #2:

Colin Powell, who was a four star general and a former United States Secretary of State. He wrote an autobiography and had made a claim about making decisions. In my personal opinion, Powell’s claim is true to full extent and shows an extremely valuable piece of advice that we do not consider when we make decisions.

Powell stated, “before we can have every possible fact in hand we have to decide…. but to make it a timely decision” (1995). With this statement Powell is telling the audience of his autobiography that it does not necessarily matter how many facts you have, and how many things you know. Being able to have access to everything possible takes a great amount of time and we don’t always have all of the time in the world. A decision has to be made with what you know, waiting for something else to come in while trying to make a decision whether that other fact is good or bad you already have a good amount of things that you know. Everyone’s time is valuable, including yours. At the end of the day the decision will have to be made and that is why it should be made in a “timely” manner.

This response was graded for a score of 2/6. Let’s break down the score to smaller points that signify where the student fell short.

The thesis in this essay is clearly outlined at the end of the first paragraph. The student states their agreement with Powell’s claim and frames the rest of their essay around this stance. The success in scoring here lies in the clear communication of the thesis and the direction the argument will take. It’s important to make the thesis statement concise, specific, and arguable, which the student has successfully done.

While the student did attempt to provide evidence to support their thesis, it’s clear that their explanation lacks specific detail and substance. They referenced Powell’s statement, but did not delve into how this statement has proven true in specific instances, and did not provide examples that could bring the argument to life.

Commentary is an essential part of this section’s score. It means explaining the significance of the evidence and connecting it back to the thesis. Unfortunately, the student’s commentary here is too vague and does not effectively elaborate on how the evidence supports their argument.

To improve, the student could use more concrete examples to demonstrate their point and discuss how each piece of evidence supports their thesis. For instance, they could discuss specific moments in Powell’s career where making a timely decision was more valuable than waiting for all possible facts. This would help illustrate the argument in a more engaging, understandable way.

A high score in the “sophistication” category of the grading rubric is given for demonstrating a complex understanding of the rhetorical situation (purpose, audience, context, etc.), making effective rhetorical choices, or establishing a line of reasoning. Here, the student’s response lacks complexity and sophistication. They’ve simply agreed with Powell’s claim and made a few general statements without providing a deeper analysis or effectively considering the rhetorical situation.

To increase sophistication, the student could explore possible counterarguments or complexities within Powell’s claim. They could discuss potential drawbacks of making decisions without all possible facts, or examine situations where timely decisions might not yield the best results. By acknowledging and refuting these potential counterarguments, they could add more depth to their analysis and showcase their understanding of the complexities involved in decision-making.

The student could also analyze why Powell, given his background and experiences, might have come to such a conclusion, thus providing more context and showing an understanding of the rhetorical situation.

Remember, sophistication in argumentation isn’t about using fancy words or complicated sentences. It’s about showing that you understand the complexity of the issue at hand and that you’re able to make thoughtful, nuanced arguments. Sophistication shows that you can think critically about the topic and make connections that aren’t immediately obvious.

Now that you’ve looked at an example essay and some tips for the argumentative essay, you know how to better prepare for the AP English Language and Composition Exam.

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The 55 AP Language and Composition Terms You Must Know

Advanced Placement (AP)

One of the competencies you need to develop for AP Language and Composition is a thorough understanding of rhetorical strategies and techniques. This is because you will both be expected to identify these strategies and techniques in the writing of others and to use them in your own writing.

But given the huge number of rhetorical terms there are, how do you know which ones you need to know and understand? Do you need to know what anaphora is? What about synecdoche?

In this article I'll provide two lists: one of essential key AP Language and Composition terms to know for the exam, and one list of useful bonus words that will serve you well on the exam. Then I'll advise how to learn and use these terms for AP success!

Essential AP Language and Composition Terms

The following list of 37 terms, based on consulting both the AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description and free-response material from past years, provides an important overview of the major AP Lang rhetorical devices and techniques you need to know. With all of this AP Language and Composition vocabulary at your disposal, you'll be a top-notch rhetorical analyst in no time!

Each entry has a definition and example or further explanation. Don't be intimidated by the size of this list—many of these are terms you are probably already familiar with!

Essential Rhetorical Analysis Terms

Let your voice be heard!

Bonus AP Language and Composition Terms

Here are 18 bonus AP Language vocabulary terms that, while not absolutely essential to your success on the exam, will be very helpful. They identify some common but obscurely named rhetorical techniques and some additional rhetorical and argumentative strategies.

These terms also each have a definition and an example or explanation.

Bonus Rhetorical Terms

The Angry Storm: a story of personification.

How to Learn and Use AP Language Terms

You might be tempted to bust out some flashcards, do some aggressive memorization, and call yourself finished. However, that's really only the first step of the three-step process of actually learning AP Lang terms.

Step 1: Learn Rhetorical Terms

As you initially try to familiarize yourself with these terms and what they mean, it's fine to make flashcards. You could use the term on one side and the definition on the other, or the definition and the example from the chart on one side and the term on the other—whatever's easier for you.

You can make physical flashcards if you like to learn things with a tactile element involved, but for the sake of convenience, you might consider making online flashcards at a site like Quizlet, where a free account lets you make and save flash cards and then quiz yourself with a variety of games and strategies.

When you know the terms and their definitions inside and out, you're ready to move on to the next step.

Step 2: Identify Rhetorical Strategies and Devices

Next, you need to work on identifying rhetorical strategies and devices in actual written works. Make an effort when you read to seek out examples of the different rhetorical techniques at work.

Think about the larger context of the piece: what's the author's purpose in writing this piece? Is the speaker the same as the author? What genre is it? What devices are being used repeatedly? You might try jotting down your thoughts about how pieces you read are using rhetorical devices.

When you feel you can consistently identify these strategies at work in the writing of others, it's time to try your hand at using them yourself.

Step 3: Deploy Rhetorical Strategies and Devices

Once you feel you have a handle on identifying a given device/concept in other pieces, it's time to think about using it in your own writing. Consider your own purpose and argument when you write. Think about audience. Deploy hyperbole and irony.

See what works and what doesn't. Trying to apply the terms will help you learn the concepts much better than simple memorization.

Deploy rhetorical parachutes!

Final Thoughts: AP Language and Composition Terms

There are so many rhetorical terms that it can be hard to determine which ones you need to know for AP Language and Composition! This list gives you an overview of all the essential AP English Language and Composition vocabulary.

When you're trying to learn these concepts, it's better to try to apply them—by seeing how other authors use them and using them in your own writing—than to just memorize the terms and their definitions. The important thing is to understand the concepts, not just know the terms!

What's Next?

Need to familiarize yourself with the format of the AP Lang test? We go over exactly what's included on the AP Language test and how to tackle the multiple choice section here . Plus, check out our complete list of released practice AP Language tests .

If you're also taking AP Literature, see our ultimate guide to the AP English Literature test and our AP Literature Reading List .

Studying poetry in class? Whether you're reading " Do not go gentle into that good night " by Dylan Thomas or a Shakespearean sonnet, you're going to want to make sure you know important poetic devices and terms like assonance and iambic pentameter , just to name a few.

We can help if you're not sure how to study for AP exams .

Looking for other practice AP tests? See our complete lists for AP Human Geography , AP Literature , AP US History , AP Chemistry , AP Biology , AP Psychology , and AP World History . Or see our guide to finding the best AP practice tests for any exam .

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Ellen has extensive education mentorship experience and is deeply committed to helping students succeed in all areas of life. She received a BA from Harvard in Folklore and Mythology and is currently pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University.

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Essay Papers Writing Online

Step-by-step guide on writing a comprehensive exemplification essay that will captivate your readers.

Delving into the realm of academic writing requires honing various skills, one of them being the ability to present ideas in a manner that is both persuasive and illustrative. An exemplification essay serves as a powerful tool in achieving this goal. By employing powerful examples, this form of writing allows the writer to provide concrete evidence to support their claims and engage their audience intellectually. Whether you are a seasoned writer or a novice in the field of essay writing, mastering the art of crafting exemplary exemplification essays will undoubtedly benefit your academic journey.

At its core, an exemplification essay is an exercise in persuasion and argumentation. Unlike other forms of writing, this essay format aims to provide real-life examples and factual evidence to validate the writer’s point of view. By using a combination of logic and vivid illustrations, the writer can effectively communicate complex ideas and concepts to their readers. Furthermore, this style of writing allows the writer to tap into their creative instincts and present their arguments in a compelling and thought-provoking manner.

One of the key aspects of writing an exemplification essay lies in the ability to select appropriate and compelling examples that resonate with the readers. These examples act as the backbone of the essay, lending credibility and depth to the writer’s arguments. Carefully chosen examples not only provide evidence and support to the writer’s claims but also have the power to emotionally engage the readers. By incorporating elements of storytelling and personal experiences, the writer can forge a strong connection with their audience, making their essay all the more powerful and persuasive.

Understanding the Exemplification Essay

When it comes to crafting a compelling piece of writing, utilizing various forms of evidence can have a powerful impact on the reader. One such form is exemplification, which involves using specific examples to support or illustrate a concept, idea, or argument. By presenting concrete instances or cases, exemplification allows the writer to lend credibility and clarity to their message, making it easier for the reader to grasp and engage with the content. Understanding how to effectively employ exemplification in an essay can enhance its persuasiveness and overall effectiveness.

What is an exemplification essay and its purpose?

An exemplification essay is a type of academic writing that aims to provide examples or evidence to support a specific claim or argument. This type of essay is often used to illustrate or demonstrate a point, idea, or belief. The main purpose of an exemplification essay is to convince the readers of the validity and relevance of the claim being made.

In an exemplification essay, the writer must use examples, facts, statistics, and other types of evidence to support their thesis statement. These examples and evidence should be carefully chosen and presented in a logical and persuasive manner. The writer should use clear and concise language to effectively communicate their argument and make a strong case.

Furthermore, the purpose of an exemplification essay is not only to provide evidence but also to analyze and explain the significance of the examples used. The writer should go beyond simply presenting examples and instead offer insightful analysis that helps the reader understand the implications and importance of the evidence presented.

Overall, an exemplification essay serves the purpose of persuading the reader by providing convincing examples and evidence. It requires careful selection of examples, thorough analysis of those examples, and effective communication of the writer’s argument. By doing so, the writer can create a compelling and persuasive essay that supports their thesis statement and engages the reader.

Choosing a Topic for Your Exemplification Essay

When it comes to writing an exemplification essay, the first and foremost step is to select a suitable topic that can effectively demonstrate your thesis statement. The topic you choose should be specific, engaging, and relevant to the subject at hand. It should present a clear and concise argument that can be supported with relevant examples and evidence.

When brainstorming for a topic, consider areas of interest or expertise that you possess. Think about subjects that you are passionate about or have a deep understanding of. This will enable you to have a strong foundation and familiarity with the topic, making it easier to find and present suitable examples.

Additionally, it is important to choose a topic that is relevant to your audience. Consider their interests, knowledge, and perspectives when selecting a topic. This will help you to engage and captivate your readers, as well as ensure that your essay is meaningful and impactful.

Furthermore, try to choose a topic that is unique and distinctive. Look for areas that have not been extensively covered or explored in existing literature. This will allow you to bring a new perspective or shed light on lesser-known aspects, making your essay stand out and grab the attention of your readers.

In conclusion, while choosing a topic for your exemplification essay, consider selecting a subject that you are passionate about, relevant to your audience, and unique in its approach. This will enable you to effectively demonstrate your thesis statement and provide compelling examples to support your argument.

How to select the right subject and find relevant examples?

The process of selecting the appropriate subject and finding relevant examples is crucial when writing an exemplification essay. It requires careful consideration and research to ensure that the chosen topic is both interesting and suitable for providing convincing examples.

To begin, it is important to brainstorm potential subjects that align with the overall theme or message you want to convey in your essay. Consider topics that spark your interest and have enough depth to support the arguments and examples you plan to present. Additionally, think about the target audience and what subjects would resonate with them.

Once you have a list of potential subjects, narrow down your options by evaluating the availability of relevant examples. The examples should be specific and diverse, representing different perspectives and scenarios related to the subject. Conduct thorough research and gather evidence from credible sources to ensure that you can find enough examples to support your arguments.

Furthermore, consider the uniqueness of the subject and examples you choose. It is important to select a subject that stands out and offers a fresh perspective, rather than a widely discussed or cliché topic. This will make your essay more engaging and memorable to the readers.

As you evaluate your options and conduct research, keep in mind the main purpose of your exemplification essay. Are you trying to persuade the readers, provide a solution to a problem, or analyze a specific concept? This clarity of purpose will help you select a subject and examples that align with your essay’s objectives.

In conclusion, selecting the right subject and finding relevant examples is a crucial step in writing an exemplification essay. It requires careful consideration, research, and evaluation of the potential topics and their associated examples. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your essay is focused, compelling, and effectively supports your arguments and viewpoints.

Conducting In-depth Research for Your Exemplification Essay

When it comes to crafting an exceptional exemplification essay, thorough research is an essential step in the writing process. Adequate research lays the foundation for a well-supported argument and helps to convey the intended message effectively. In this section, we will explore the importance of conducting in-depth research for your exemplification essay and provide useful tips to help you gather relevant and reliable information.

1. Define your topic: Before diving into research, it is important to have a clear understanding of your essay topic. Define the main idea or argument you want to discuss and create a list of relevant keywords that will guide your research.

2. Utilize academic databases: Academic databases are treasure troves of scholarly articles, research papers, and publications. They provide access to high-quality and peer-reviewed sources that can greatly enhance the credibility of your essay. Visit your college or university library website to browse through these databases or use online platforms like JSTOR and Google Scholar.

3. Consult reputable sources: In addition to academic databases, it is important to consult reputable sources such as government websites, research institutes, and reputable news outlets. These sources often provide data, statistics, and expert opinions that can add weight to your arguments.

4. Take notes: As you conduct your research, it is crucial to take notes in an organized manner. Jot down key points, quotes, and references that you may want to include in your essay. This will save you time when it comes to writing and referencing your sources properly.

5. Evaluate the reliability of your sources: Not all sources are created equal. It is important to evaluate the reliability and credibility of the sources you use. Consider the author’s credentials, the publication date, and whether the information is backed up by other reputable sources.

6. Seek different perspectives: To develop a well-rounded argument, it is important to seek different perspectives on your topic. Look for sources that present opposing viewpoints or alternative theories. This will demonstrate your ability to critically analyze the subject matter and strengthen your argument.

7. Keep track of your sources: Lastly, it is crucial to keep track of all your sources for proper citation and referencing. Use citation management tools like Zotero or EndNote to organize your sources and generate citations automatically. This will ensure that you give credit to all the authors whose work you have used in your essay.

By conducting in-depth research, you lay a solid foundation for your exemplification essay and ensure that your arguments are well-supported and backed up by reliable sources. Make use of the tips mentioned above, and you will be on your way to producing a compelling and impactful essay.

How to gather credible sources and evidence?

When writing an exemplification essay, it is crucial to gather credible sources and evidence to support your arguments and make your essay more convincing. In order to do so, you need to conduct thorough research and carefully select trustworthy sources.

The first step in gathering credible sources is to identify the type of information you need for your essay. Determine the specific topic and subtopics you will be discussing, and then think about the types of sources that would provide the most relevant and reliable information. This can include scholarly articles, peer-reviewed journals, books, reputable websites, and expert interviews. Remember to look for sources that are up-to-date and have been published recently to ensure the information is current.

Once you have identified the types of sources you need, it is time to start your research. Utilize academic databases, libraries, and online resources to find relevant sources. Be sure to critically evaluate each source for its credibility and reliability. Consider the author’s expertise and credentials, the publication or website’s reputation, and whether the information is supported by other credible sources.

Take notes as you conduct your research, highlighting or summarizing key information from each source. This will make it easier to refer back to the sources when you are writing your essay and citing your evidence. It is important to keep track of the source information, including the author’s name, publication date, title of the source, and page numbers, so that you can properly cite them in your essay.

As you gather your evidence, remember to use a variety of credible sources to support your arguments. This will add depth and credibility to your essay. Avoid relying too heavily on a single source or type of source, as this may limit the diversity of your evidence.

In conclusion, gathering credible sources and evidence is an essential step in writing an effective exemplification essay. By following these steps and carefully selecting trustworthy sources, you can ensure that your essay is well-supported, credible, and persuasive.

Organizing Your Exemplification Essay

Arranging and structuring the content of your exemplification essay is essential to effectively convey your message and support your argument. By carefully organizing your essay, you can ensure that your examples are presented in a logical and coherent manner, making it easier for your readers to follow your line of reasoning.

One effective way to organize your exemplification essay is through the use of a table. A table allows you to categorize and group your examples based on specific criteria or themes. This not only helps you present your examples in an organized manner but also enables your readers to quickly grasp the main points you are trying to make.

Start by creating a table with several columns. Each column represents a different category or theme that you want to explore in your essay. For example, if you are writing an essay about the benefits of exercise, you might have columns for physical health, mental health, and social well-being.

Under each column, list your examples that support the specific category or theme. Be sure to provide detailed and relevant examples that clearly illustrate your points. This will not only strengthen your argument but also demonstrate your ability to provide concrete evidence to support your claims.

Once you have organized your examples into categories, you can then proceed to develop your essay by discussing each category in more detail. Start by introducing the category and explaining its significance. Then, provide a thorough analysis of each example within the category, highlighting its relevance and impact.

Remember to use transitions between categories and examples to ensure a smooth flow of ideas. Transitions help guide your readers through your essay and make it easier for them to follow your thought process. Use words and phrases like “firstly,” “secondly,” “in addition,” “furthermore,” and “finally” to signal the relationships between your categories and examples.

In conclusion, organizing your exemplification essay is crucial for effectively presenting your arguments and examples. By using a table to categorize your examples and providing a clear structure to your essay, you can make it easier for your readers to understand and appreciate your perspective. So, take the time to carefully plan and organize your essay, and you will increase the chances of making a compelling and persuasive argument.

What is the best structure and format to use?

When it comes to writing an exemplification essay, a well-organized structure and format are key to effectively presenting your arguments and supporting evidence. By using a clear and logical structure, you can guide your readers through your essay and ensure that your points are presented in a coherent and persuasive manner.

One popular structure for an exemplification essay is the classic five-paragraph format. This format includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic and a thesis statement that clearly states your main argument. The body paragraphs should each focus on a different supporting point, with each paragraph providing examples and evidence to support your argument. Finally, the conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis.

Another option is to use a more flexible structure, such as the block pattern or the point-by-point pattern. The block pattern involves presenting all of your points about one topic before moving on to the next, while the point-by-point pattern involves alternating between discussing each point for both topics. Both of these structures can be effective, so choose the one that best suits your topic and argument.

In terms of formatting, it’s important to follow any guidelines or requirements provided by your instructor or institution. Typically, exemplification essays are written in MLA or APA format. This includes using a specific font and size, double-spacing the document, and including a title page and a list of references if necessary.

Regardless of the structure or format you choose, it’s important to remember the overall goal of your exemplification essay: to provide clear and convincing evidence to support your argument. By using a well-organized structure and adhering to the appropriate formatting guidelines, you can ensure that your essay effectively communicates your ideas and persuades your readers.

How to capture the reader’s attention and present your main argument?

In order to create a compelling exemplification essay, it is essential to not only grab the reader’s attention but also effectively present your main argument. By using strategic writing techniques, you can ensure that your essay captures the interest of your audience and effectively conveys your message.

One powerful way to grab the reader’s attention is by starting your essay with a captivating hook. This can be a thought-provoking question, an interesting fact or statistic, a compelling anecdote, or a shocking statement. By presenting something unexpected or intriguing in the opening lines of your essay, you can immediately engage the reader and motivate them to continue reading.

After capturing the reader’s attention, it is important to clearly present your main argument. This can be done through a thesis statement, which should concisely express the main point or claim of your essay. The thesis statement typically appears at the end of the introduction paragraph and serves as a roadmap for the reader, outlining the main ideas that will be discussed in the essay.

In addition to a strong thesis statement, it is vital to provide sufficient evidence and examples to support your main argument. This can be achieved through the use of specific examples, relevant facts, and expert opinions. By presenting well-researched evidence, you can effectively persuade the reader and strengthen your overall argument.

Furthermore, it is important to organize your essay in a logical and coherent manner. This can be done by using clear topic sentences for each paragraph and ensuring that each paragraph contributes to the development of your main argument. Transitions between paragraphs should also be smooth and seamless, helping the reader to follow your train of thought.

Finally, consider the tone and language used in your essay. By adopting a confident and persuasive tone, you can establish yourself as a credible and trustworthy author. Additionally, using clear and concise language will help to ensure that your ideas are communicated effectively and efficiently.

Overall, capturing the reader’s attention and presenting your main argument require careful planning and execution. By employing the strategies outlined above, you can create an exemplification essay that not only engages the reader but also effectively conveys your message.

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