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The critical thinking toolkit

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The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts & Tools

LIMITED DOWNLOAD COPY The Miniature Guide to

Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools

By Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder

The Foundation for Critical Thinking www.criticalthinking.org 707-878-9100 [email protected] LIMITED DOWNLOAD COPY

Why A Critical Thinking Mini-Guide? This miniature guide focuses on of the essence of critical thinking concepts and tools distilled into pocket size. For faculty it provides a shared concept of critical thinking. For students it is a critical thinking supplement to any textbook for any course. Faculty can use it to design instruction, assignments, and tests in any subject. Students can use it to improve their learning in any content area. Its generic skills apply to all subjects. For example, critical thinkers are clear as to the purpose at hand and the question at issue. They question information , conclusions, and points of view. They strive to be clear, accurate, precise, and relevant. They seek to think beneath the surface, to be logical, and fair. They apply these skills to their reading and writing as well as to their speaking and listening. They apply them in history, science, math, philosophy , and the arts; in professional and personal life. When this guide is used as a supplement to the textbook in multiple courses, students begin to perceive the usefulness of critical thinking in every domain of learning. And if their instructors provide examples of the application of the subject to daily life, students begin to see that education is a tool for improving the quality of their lives. If you are a student using this mini-guide, get in the habit of carrying it with you to every class. Consult it frequently in analyzing and synthesizing what you are learning. Aim for deep internalization of the principles you find in it—until using them becomes second nature. If successful, this guide will serve faculty, students, and the educational program simultaneously.

Richard Paul Linda Elder Center for Critical Thinking Foundation for Critical Thinking LIMITED DOWNLOAD COPY

The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools 

Why Critical Thinking?� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4

The Elements of Thought � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5

A Checklist for Reasoning � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6

Questions Using the Elements of Thought � � � � � � � � � � � � 8

The Problem of Egocentric Thinking � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9

Universal Intellectual Standards � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �10

Template for Analyzing the Logic of Articles and Textbooks � � �13

Criteria for Evaluating Reasoning � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �14

Essential Intellectual Traits� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �15

Three Kinds of Questions � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �18

A Template for Problem-Solving � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �19

Analyzing and Assessing Research � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �20

What Critical Thinkers Routinely Do� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �21

Stages of Critical Thinking Development� �� � � � � � � � � � � � �22

Fourth Edition © 2006 Foundation for Critical Thinking www.criticalthinking.org LIMITED DOWNLOAD COPY

 The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools

Why Critical Thinking? The Problem: Everyone thinks; it is our nature to do so. But much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted, partial, uninformed or down-right prejudiced. Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or build depends precisely on the quality of our thought. Shoddy thinking is costly, both in money and in quality of life. Excellence in thought, however, must be system- atically cultivated. A Definition : Critical thinking is the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to ­improving it. The Result: A well cultivated critical thinker: • raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely; • gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively; • comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards; • thinks openmindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and • communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems. Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It requires rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocen- trism and sociocentrism.

© 2006 Foundation for Critical Thinking www.criticalthinking.org LIMITED DOWNLOAD COPY

The Elements of Thought

Point of View Purpose frame of reference , goal, perspective, objective orientation

Implications and Question at issue Consequences problem, issue

Assumptions Information presupposition , data, facts , taking for granted observations, experiences Concepts theories, Interpretation definitions , axioms, and inference laws, principles, conclusions, models solutions

Used With Sensitivity to Universal Intellectual Standards Clarity  Accuracy  Depth  Breadth  Significance Precision Relevance

12 The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools

Could you elaborate further? Clarity Could you give me an example? Could you illustrate what you mean?

How could we check on that? Accuracy How could we find out if that is true? How could we verify or test that?

Could you be more specific? Precision Could you give me more details? Could you be more exact?

How does that relate to the problem? Relevance How does that bear on the question? How does that help us with the issue?

What factors make this a difficult problem? Depth What are some of the complexities of this question? What are some of the difficulties we need to deal with?

Do we need to look at this from another perspective? Breadth Do we need to consider another point of view? Do we need to look at this in other ways?

Does all this make sense together? Logic Does your first paragraph fit in with your last? Does what you say follow from the evidence ?

Is this the most important problem to consider? Significance Is this the central idea to focus on? Which of these facts are most important?

Do I have any vested interest in this issue? Fairness Am I sympathetically representing the viewpoints of others?

The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools 15

Intellectual Integrity Intellectual Intellectual Autonomy Humility

Intellectual Intellectual Confidence Empathy Traits or Virtues in Reason

Intellectual Intellectual Courage Perseverance Fairmindedness

The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools 21

Critical thinkers routinely apply the intellectual standards to the elements of reasoning in order to develop intellectual traits.

The Standards Clarity Precision Accuracy Significance Relevance Completeness Must be Logicalness Fairness applied to Breadth Depth

The Elements Purposes Inferences Questions Concepts As we learn Points of view Implications to develop Information Assumptions

Intellectual Traits Intellectual Humility Intellectual Perseverance Intellectual Autonomy Confidence in Reason Intellectual Integrity Intellectual Empathy Intellectual Courage Fairmindedness

© 2006 Foundation for Critical Thinking www.criticalthinking.org

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Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools- A Mini Guide, By Dr. R. Paul & Dr. L. Elder

The Miniature Guide to The Foundation for Critical Thinking www.criticalthinking.org 707-878-9100 [email protected]

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This tool is part of a larger evaluation system used to measure the life skills of decision making, critical thinking, problem solving, goal setting, communication, and leadership. The life skills (i.e., decision making, critical thinking, communication, problem solving, and goal setting) selected for this overall measure were thought to be the most commonly identified life skills emphasized in 4-H youth development curricula and program activities. Critical thinking is defined as thinking that evaluates reasons and brings thought and actions in line with evaluations. This survey will assesses youth's critical thinking ability by examining the frequency of use of the following skills that are needed to think critically: reasoning, inquiry, analysis/information processing, flexibility, and evaluation.

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Root cause analysis (rca) and critical thinking training course (on-demand).

Dublin, Aug. 30, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Root Cause Analysis and Critical Thinking Training Course" conference has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

This one-day course introduces delegates to different RCA and critical thinking problem-solving tools and techniques which are then applied throughout a series of highly interactive and practical exercises putting these theories into practice to apply a systematic end-to-end process for analysing problems and decision making.

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is the process of discovering the root causes of problems to identify solutions. When used with critical thinking, the ability to think clearly and rationally, understanding the logical connection between ideas this provides a highly effective method for identifying the source of faults, failures, decision-making, and undesired outcomes for processes. This approach is extremely effective when used by the pharmaceutical and associated healthcare industries to solve problems. In addition, RCA procedures with the application of critical thinking are an increasing focus by regulatory inspectors.

Often organisations waste a great amount of time and money in fixing the symptoms of a problem, rather than the problem itself. Using Critical thinking applied to RCA will enable you to solve problems far quicker, and much more effectively.

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Background and defining RCA and critical thinking

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Critical Thinking

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She has a particular expertise in quality assurance including risked based approaches to quality systems, data Integrity and project management in the pharmaceutical industry. She regularly writes on pharmaceutical regulatory issues including "The Planning of International Drug Development", in the Clinical Research Manual, Euromed and the "Impact of Brexit", RQA Journal 2017. For more information about this conference visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/t0uxq3

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The 100 Best Books of the 21st Century: A Printable List

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The New York Times Book Review I've I want THE 100 BEST BOOKS OF THE 21ST CENTURY read to it read it 1 My Brilliant Friend, by Elena Ferrante 26 26 Atonement, by lan McEwan 2 The Warmth of Other Suns, by Isabel Wilkerson 27 Americanah, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 3 Wolf Hall, by Hilary Mantel 28 Cloud Atlas, by David Mitchell 4 The Known World, by Edward P. Jones 29 The Last Samurai, by Helen DeWitt 5 The Corrections, by Jonathan Franzen 30 Sing, Unburied, Sing, by Jesmyn Ward 6 2666, by Roberto Bolaño 31 White Teeth, by Zadie Smith 7 The Underground Railroad, by Colson Whitehead 32 The Line of Beauty, by Alan Hollinghurst 8 Austerlitz, by W.G. Sebald 33 Salvage the Bones, by Jesmyn Ward 9 Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro 34 Citizen, by Claudia Rankine 10 Gilead, by Marilynne Robinson 35 Fun Home, by Alison Bechdel 11 The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, by Junot Díaz 36 Between the World and Me, by Ta-Nehisi Coates 12 The Year of Magical Thinking, by Joan Didion 37 The Years, by Annie Ernaux 13 The Road, by Cormac McCarthy 38 The Savage Detectives, by Roberto Bolaño 14 Outline, by Rachel Cusk 39 A Visit From the Goon Squad, by Jennifer Egan 15 Pachinko, by Min Jin Lee 40 H Is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald 16 The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, by Michael Chabon 41 Small Things Like These, by Claire Keegan 17 The Sellout, by Paul Beatty 42 A Brief History of Seven Killings, by Marlon James 18 Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders 43 Postwar, by Tony Judt 19 Say Nothing, by Patrick Radden Keefe 44 The Fifth Season, by N.K. Jemisin 20 Erasure, by Percival Everrett 45 The Argonauts, by Maggie Nelson 21 Evicted, by Matthew Desmond 46 The Goldfinch, by Donna Tartt 22 22 Behind the Beautiful Forevers, by Katherine Boo 47 A Mercy, by Toni Morrison 23 Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage, by Alice Munro 48 Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi 24 The Overstory, by Richard Powers 49 The Vegetarian, by Han Kang 25 25 Random Family, by Adrian Nicole LeBlanc 50 Trust, by Hernan Diaz I've I want read to it read it

The New York Times Book Review I've I want THE 100 BEST BOOKS OF THE 21ST CENTURY read to it read it 51 Life After Life, by Kate Atkinson 52 52 Train Dreams, by Denis Johnson 53 Runaway, by Alice Munro 76 77 An American Marriage, by Tayari Jones 78 Septology, by Jon Fosse Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, by Gabrielle Zevin 54 Tenth of December, by George Saunders 55 The Looming Tower, by Lawrence Wright 56 The Flamethrowers, by Rachel Kushner 57 Nickel and Dimed, by Barbara Ehrenreich ཤྲཱ རྒྱ སྐྱ A Manual for Cleaning Women, by Lucia Berlin The Story of the Lost Child, by Elena Ferrante Pulphead, by John Jeremiah Sullivan. Hurricane Season, by Fernanda Melchor 58 Stay True, by Hua Hsu 83 When We Cease to Understand the World, by Benjamín Labatut 59 Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides 84 The Emperor of All Maladies, by Siddhartha Mukherjee 60 Heavy, by Kiese Laymon 85 Pastoralia, by George Saunders 61 Demon Copperhead, by Barbara Kingsolver 86 Frederick Douglass, by David W. Blight 62 10:04, by Ben Lerner 87 Detransition, Baby, by Torrey Peters 63 Veronica, by Mary Gaitskill 88 The Collected Stories of Lydia Davis 64 The Great Believers, by Rebecca Makkai 89 The Return, by Hisham Matar 65 The Plot Against America, by Philip Roth 90 The Sympathizer, by Viet Thanh Nguyen 66 We the Animals, by Justin Torres 91 The Human Stain, by Philip Roth 67 Far From the Tree, by Andrew Solomon 92 The Days of Abandonment, by Elena Ferrante 68 The Friend, by Sigrid Nunez 93 Station Eleven, by Emily St. John Mandel 69 59 The New Jim Crow, by Michelle Alexander 94 On Beauty, by Zadie Smith 10 70 All Aunt Hagar's Children, by Edward P. Jones 95 Bring Up the Bodies, by Hilary Mantel 71 The Copenhagen Trilogy, by Tove Ditlevsen 96 Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments, by Saidiya Hartman 72 22 Secondhand Time, by Svetlana Alexievich 97 Men We Reaped, by Jesmyn Ward 73 The Passage of Power, by Robert A. Caro 98 Bel Canto, by Ann Patchett 74 Olive Kitteridge, by Elizabeth Strout 99 How to Be Both, by Ali Smith 75 15 Exit West, by Mohsin Hamid 100 Tree of Smoke, by Denis Johnson I've I want read to it read it

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Title: mini-omni: language models can hear, talk while thinking in streaming.

Abstract: Recent advances in language models have achieved significant progress. GPT-4o, as a new milestone, has enabled real-time conversations with humans, demonstrating near-human natural fluency. Such human-computer interaction necessitates models with the capability to perform reasoning directly with the audio modality and generate output in streaming. However, this remains beyond the reach of current academic models, as they typically depend on extra TTS systems for speech synthesis, resulting in undesirable latency. This paper introduces the Mini-Omni, an audio-based end-to-end conversational model, capable of real-time speech interaction. To achieve this capability, we propose a text-instructed speech generation method, along with batch-parallel strategies during inference to further boost the performance. Our method also helps to retain the original model's language capabilities with minimal degradation, enabling other works to establish real-time interaction capabilities. We call this training method "Any Model Can Talk". We also introduce the VoiceAssistant-400K dataset to fine-tune models optimized for speech output. To our best knowledge, Mini-Omni is the first fully end-to-end, open-source model for real-time speech interaction, offering valuable potential for future research.

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New Samsung Study: For Nearly 70% of Gen Z Side Hustlers, AI is Critical to Success

Discontent with workplace convention, young professionals are following new career paths as ai phones and pcs emerge as game-changing tools.

The youngest generation in the workforce is transforming career path norms – and AI is emerging as a catalyst for the shift, according to new research from Samsung.

Based on a survey of Gen Z (n=5,048) and Gen Z side hustlers (n=2,004) across France, Germany, Korea, the UK and the US, The 2024 AI-Preneur Effect :  How Gen Z and Next-Gen Tech are Transforming Work Culture reinforces the upward trend of entrepreneurial pursuits among this generation.

Nearly one in two full-time Gen Z professionals said the realities of their jobs have fallen short of expectations. This might explain why 73% of Gen Z are dreaming of starting a side hustle with many having already pursued opportunities outside of their full-time role in the last year. More surprising, however, is the significant role of AI in the growing side hustle culture. For Gen Z, time is one of the biggest barriers to operating or starting a side venture — and many are leveraging AI to overcome this challenge.

Among the entrepreneurial respondents were personal trainers, content creators, and artists, among others. While professional fields varied, the majority agreed when it came to using AI. Nearly 70% of Gen Z side hustlers said they consider AI to be the go-to resource when they need help in work – even greater than the 62% majority of the global cohort who reported the same mindset.

Of those who use AI in their day-to-day, side hustlers are using it to summarize documents or meeting notes, conduct research or find inspiration, and develop new written or visual content. The majority of Gen Z respondents feel optimistic toward the potential of AI, also citing a strong preference for AI tools embedded into the devices they already use, like smartphones and PCs .

“These findings show AI has become pivotal for young entrepreneurs and offer a glimpse into how the technology can open – not close – new skills, new passions and, ultimately, new career paths,” said Stephanie Choi, EVP and Head of Marketing for Mobile eXperience Business at Samsung Electronics. “Enabling this type of potential is what drives the cutting-edge innovation in our latest Galaxy Book AI PCs — and that’s only the beginning of what is to come as we continue unlocking AI’s life-changing potential for even more users around the globe.”

Many young entrepreneurs (40%) are dependent on PCs to run a successful side hustle and even more (83%) recognize the importance of seamless connectivity between devices. Earlier this year, Samsung opened a new era of possibilities with Galaxy AI  — integrated into PCs that connect intuitively with Galaxy phones for the creativity, productivity and mobility required for this emerging work-lifestyle.

Read more below and click here to download the full report.

Methodology Samsung partnered with independent market research firm Edelman Data & Intelligence and Dynata to conduct a five-minute global online survey of n=5,048 Gen Z respondents and n=2,004 Gen Z side hustlers in France, Germany, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States from May 2-16, 2024. The survey was fielded among Gen Z respondents, who were defined as adults ages 18-27, and data was collected to ensure a representative sample in each market by age, gender, region and race/ethnicity. Gen Z side hustlers were defined as those who in the past year have earned supplemental income and followed their passions through work or activities outside of their main job or education. The total Gen Z side hustlers sample of n=2,004 was comprised of n=681 from the main Gen Z sample plus an oversample of n=1,323 Gen Z side hustlers. The study has a margin of error at the 95% level of confidence of ±1.4% for Gen Z respondents and ±2.2% for Gen Z side hustlers. Results from surveys may be limited, not exhaustive, and based solely on surveyed individuals, not the entire group.

Media contact.

Mobile Experience (MX) Smartphone, Wearable, Tablet, PC and Mobile Accessories [email protected]

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