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Kazan Russia — a thousand-year Russian city

Kazan Tatars language and literature history

Among the many wonders of the State Museum of Tatarstan is the harp of a famous native of Kazan city , the classic Russian Derzhavin . It was this same harp that accompanied the recitation the famous nostalgic lines: "How golden time rolls by in Kazan." The monument to this poet, now vanished, once stood in the square beside the Kazan Kremlin , in whose dungeons the young Derzhavin at the end the eighteenth century stood on guard by the cell of the captured Emelian Pugachev .

Another monument in this same square commemorates the Tatar poet-hero Musa Dzhalil , who displayed the highest qualities of his people during the Second World War . In the Berlin Moabite Prison, where he was confined for anti-fascist activities when he awaited his inevitable execution he wrote the immortal poem which make up the anthology, The Moabite Notebooks, translated into many languages.

Kazan city book published for Tatars people

Musa Dzhalil continued the great traditions of Tatar poets established by Kul Gali and the poet of old Kazan city - Muhammed .

Tatar literature was written down from ancient times , and the level education among the Kazan Tatars was very high, thanks to the primary schools (mektebs) found in every village, which by the beginning of the twentieth century took in all boys and girls of school age. The Tatar higher schools , the madrasahs, were not simply for religious instruction, but also gave a broad grounding in many branches of natural sciences. From these graduated many exceptional people known not only in Russia and Central Asia, but also abroad.

Kazan city Tatars book view

For many centuries the Bolgar-Tatar language was written Arabic script , but in the 1920s this was changed to an alphabet based on Latin , and in 1939 to the Cyrillic alphabet , with the addition of special letters. The Tatar language suffered more from the dictates of Soviet apparatchiks than under any other authority. This pressure on the Tatar literary was all the more cruel because the Tatar media had had the chance to develop relatively freely only since the first Russian revolution of 1905, when the Kazan Tatars gained the right to publish their own newspapers and journals.

Before this, the role of periodicals was played by almanacs, such as the one that the renowned scholar Kayum Nasyri brought out in Kazan . The dynamic publishing activity completely transformed the spiritual and intellectual life of the Kazan Tatars - dozens of journals and newspapers started appearing, not to mention books on history, philosophy and science.

A love of manuscripts and printed books runs through the whole cultural history of Tatar Kazan . The Kazan city presses of the nineteenth century could exist financially only as a result of Tatar orders for books , which in some years reached two million copies. The well-known scholar and bibliographer N. Katanov wrote in 1904: "The Kazan Muslims manifest a passion for the meticulous printing of books. Those printed here go to all the Russian Muslims, to Siberia, the Caucasus and all of Asia. Kazan editions can be found even in the north-west area of China".

This rapid development of culture in the early twentieth century was again cut short by the October Revolution of 1917, but it had succeeded in laying firm foundations for the flourishing of Tatar literature and culture in the times to come.

For more information about Russia you may visit the following Russian cities, towns and regions guidebook

© 2007—2012  Alex Grachov , Sergey Kozin . All rights reserved. Copyright/IP Policy .

Tatarstan: Shaimiyev Meets with President of China

Below is an excerpt from an article published by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China :

On March 28, 2007, Chinese President Hu Jintao met with President of Russia's Tatarstan Republic Mintimer Shaimiyev in Kazan . Both sides held talks in a cordial and friendly atmosphere.

"Recent years have witnessed a good momentum for the development of the Sino-Russian relationship, which has reached an unprecedented level," Hu said. Regional cooperation is an important part of the strategic cooperation that the two countries are engaged in, Hu said. Regional cooperation and exchanges between China and Russia have seen vigorous growth in recent years, and still greater opportunities lie ahead, he said. "President Putin and I have agreed to give priority to the enhancement of regional cooperation between the two countries," Hu added.

Hu pointed out that the Tatarstan Republic , whose people are industrious and wise, enjoys abundant natural resources, a sound industrial foundation and solid strength for scientific research. The Chinese government values cooperation with Tatarstan, and will continue to encourage Chinese companies to carry out mutually beneficial cooperation with their counterparts in the Russian republic in infrastructure, scientific research, and in the manufacturing, processing and petrochemical industries, the Chinese president said, adding that China also supports cooperation with the Tatarstan Republic at the regional level. Hu also called for strengthening cooperation between China and Tatarstan in education, culture, tourism and other humanistic areas, to consolidate the social basis for friendship between both sides.

Shaimiyev expressed warm welcome for Hu's visit to the Tatarstan Republic . He said the development of the Russia-China strategic partnership of cooperation has brought benefits to the peoples of the two countries and also constitutes an important factor for international security and stability. Shaimiyev said the Tatarstan Republic hopes to learn from China , a nation that is developing rapidly. There are currently favorable conditions for developing regional cooperation between the two sides. Shaimiyev pledged efforts to promote cooperative ties with some of China 's regions and said the two sides could carry out cooperation in the petrochemical industry, machinery manufacturing and scientific research. "We also hope to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with China in the humanistic area," said Shaimiyev. […]

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