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(Definition of biography from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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Common examples of biographical subjects, famous examples of biographical works, difference between biography, autobiography, and memoir, examples of biography in literature, example 1: savage beauty: the life of edna st. vincent millay (nancy milford).
One of the first things Vincent explained to Norma was that there was a certain freedom of language in the Village that mustn’t shock her. It wasn’t vulgar. ‘So we sat darning socks on Waverly Place and practiced the use of profanity as we stitched. Needle in, . Needle out, piss. Needle in, . Needle out, c. Until we were easy with the words.’
The season of domestic goodwill and festivity must have posed a problem to all good Victorian family men with more than one family to take care of, particularly when there were two lots of children to receive the demonstrations of paternal love.
‘A self that goes on changing is a self that goes on living’: so too with the biography of that self. And just as lives don’t stay still, so life-writing can’t be fixed and finalised. Our ideas are shifting about what can be said, our knowledge of human character is changing. The biographer has to pioneer, going ‘ahead of the rest of us, like the miner’s canary, testing the atmosphere , detecting falsity, unreality, and the presence of obsolete conventions’. So, ‘There are some stories which have to be retold by each generation’. She is talking about the story of Shelley, but she could be talking about her own life-story.
Have you ever wondered what lies beneath the surface of history’s most influential figures?
Imagine a chance to delve into the intricate tapestry of their lives, unraveling the threads that have woven together the very essence of their character, and unearthing the pivotal moments that shaped their destinies.
Welcome to the enthralling world of biographies, where you are invited to embark on a captivating journey into the lives of the extraordinary. Prepare to be captivated by the compelling tales of human resilience, ingenuity, and ambition that lie at the heart of each biography.
Table of Contents
A biography is a detailed account of a person’s life, written by someone other than the subject. The term “biography” is derived from two Greek words: “bio,” which means life, and “graphy,” which signifies writing. Thus, a biography is the written history of someone’s life, offering an in-depth look at their experiences, achievements, and challenges.
Biographies typically focus on the life of notable individuals, such as historical figures or celebrities, and provide a comprehensive view of their personal and professional journey.
Biographers, the authors of these works, aim to offer an accurate, well-researched portrayal of their subjects by studying various sources and conducting interviews if possible. This thorough research and attention to detail ensure that the resulting narrative is both informative and engaging.
Biographies are a subgenre of non-fiction literature, as they chronicle the lives of real people. However, not all life stories fall under the category of biography.
Autobiographies and memoirs, for instance, focus on the author’s own experiences and are written from a first-person perspective. While autobiographies aim to present an overarching narrative of the author’s life, memoirs tend to focus on specific incidents or periods.
When crafting a biography, it is essential for the biographer to maintain a neutral tone, avoiding any judgment or personal bias. This objectivity allows readers to form their opinions based on the presented facts, gaining a broader understanding of the subject.
A well-crafted biography contains several key elements that provide a comprehensive picture of the subject’s life. These elements help readers gain a deeper understanding of the subject while fostering an emotional connection. Below are some essential aspects of a biography:
The personal and family background section of a biography provides an essential foundation for understanding the subject’s journey and the factors that shaped their life. By exploring the subject’s early years, readers gain insight into the environment and experiences that influenced their character, values, and aspirations.
This section typically begins with an overview of the subject’s birthplace, family origins, and cultural heritage. It delves into the family dynamics, including descriptions of the subject’s parents, siblings, and extended family, shedding light on the relationships that played a crucial role in their development.
The personal and family background section also addresses significant life events, challenges, and milestones that occurred during the subject’s upbringing. These formative experiences may include pivotal moments, such as moving to a new city, attending a particular school, or encountering a mentor who had a lasting impact on their life.
The education and career section of a biography is crucial for understanding the intellectual and professional development of the subject. By tracing the subject’s academic journey and career progression, readers gain a clearer picture of the knowledge, skills, and experiences that shaped their path and contributed to their success.
This section begins by outlining the subject’s educational background, including the schools they attended, the degrees or qualifications they obtained, and any specialized training they received. It also highlights the subject’s academic achievements, such as scholarships, awards, or distinctions, and any influential mentors or teachers who played a significant role in their intellectual growth.
The education and career section also delves into the subject’s professional life, chronicling their work history, job titles, and key responsibilities. It explores the subject’s career trajectory, examining how they transitioned between roles or industries and the factors that influenced their choices.
The major events and turning points section of a biography delves into the pivotal moments and experiences that significantly influenced the subject’s life, shaping their character, values, and destiny.
By exploring these transformative events, readers gain a deeper understanding of the forces and circumstances that drove the subject’s actions and choices, as well as the challenges and triumphs they faced along the way.
This section encompasses a wide range of events, which could include personal milestones, such as marriage, the birth of children, or the loss of a loved one.
These personal events often provide insights into the subject’s emotional landscape and reveal the support systems, relationships, and personal values that sustained them through difficult times or propelled them to greater heights.
The influences and inspirations section of a biography delves into the individuals, ideas, and events that had a profound impact on the subject’s beliefs, values, and aspirations.
By understanding the forces that shaped the subject’s worldview, readers gain a deeper appreciation for the motivations driving their actions and decisions, as well as the creative and intellectual foundations upon which their accomplishments were built.
This section often begins by identifying the key figures who played a significant role in the subject’s life, such as family members, mentors, peers, or historical figures they admired.
It explores the nature of these relationships and how they shaped the subject’s perspectives, values, and ambitions. These influential individuals can provide valuable insights into the subject’s personal growth and development, revealing the sources of inspiration and guidance that fueled their journey.
The influences and inspirations section also delves into the ideas and philosophies that resonated with the subject and shaped their worldview. This could include an exploration of the subject’s religious, political, or philosophical beliefs, as well as the books, theories, or artistic movements that inspired them.
This section examines the events, both personal and historical, that impacted the subject’s life and inspired their actions. These could include moments of personal transformation, such as a life-altering experience or an epiphany, or broader societal events, such as wars, social movements, or technological innovations.
The contributions and impact section of a biography is pivotal in conveying the subject’s lasting significance, both in their chosen profession and beyond. By detailing their achievements, innovations, and legacies, this section helps readers grasp the extent of the subject’s influence and the ways in which their work has shaped the world around them.
This section begins by highlighting the subject’s key accomplishments within their profession, such as breakthroughs, discoveries, or innovative techniques they developed. It delves into the processes and challenges they faced along the way, providing valuable insights into their creativity, determination, and problem-solving abilities.
The contributions and impact section also explores the subject’s broader influence on society, culture, or the world at large. This could include their involvement in social or political movements, their philanthropic endeavors, or their role as a cultural icon.
In addition to discussing the subject’s immediate impact, this section also considers their lasting legacy, exploring how their work has continued to inspire and shape subsequent generations.
This could involve examining the subject’s influence on their successors, the institutions or organizations they helped establish, or the enduring relevance of their ideas and achievements in contemporary society.
The personal traits and characteristics section of a biography brings the subject to life, offering readers an intimate glimpse into their personality, qualities, and views.
This section often begins by outlining the subject’s defining personality traits, such as their temperament, values, and passions. By exploring these attributes, readers gain insight into the subject’s character and the motivations driving their actions and decisions.
These qualities could include their perseverance, curiosity, empathy, or sense of humor, which may help explain their achievements, relationships, and outlook on life.
The personal traits and characteristics section also delves into the subject’s views and beliefs, offering a window into their thoughts and opinions on various topics. This could include their perspectives on politics, religion, culture, or social issues, providing readers with a clearer understanding of the context in which they operated and the factors that shaped their worldview.
Anecdotes and personal stories play a crucial role in illustrating the subject’s personality and characteristics, as they offer concrete examples of their behavior, actions, or interactions with others.
Quotes and first-hand accounts from the subject or those who knew them well can also be invaluable in portraying their personal traits and characteristics. These accounts offer unique insights into the subject’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences, allowing readers to see the world through their eyes and better understand their character.
Biographies come in various forms and styles, each presenting unique perspectives on the lives of individuals. Some of the most common types of biographies are discussed in the following sub-sections.
Historical fiction biographies artfully weave together factual information with imaginative elements, creating a vibrant tapestry of the past. By staying true to the core of a historical figure’s life and accomplishments, these works offer a unique window into their world while granting authors the creative freedom to delve deeper into their emotions, relationships, and personal struggles.
Such biographies strike a delicate balance, ensuring that the essence of the individual remains intact while allowing for fictional embellishments to bring their story to life. This captivating blend of fact and fiction serves to humanize these iconic figures, making their experiences more relatable and engaging for readers who embark on a journey through the pages of history.
Here are several examples of notable historical fiction biographies:
Academic biographies stand as meticulously researched and carefully crafted scholarly works, dedicated to presenting an accurate and comprehensive account of a subject’s life.
Authored by experts or researchers well-versed in their field, these biographies adhere to rigorous standards of accuracy, sourcing, and objectivity. They delve into the intricacies of a person’s life, achievements, and impact, scrutinizing every aspect with scholarly precision.
Intended for an educated audience, academic biographies serve as valuable resources for those seeking a deeper understanding of the subject’s contributions and influence. By placing the individual within the broader context of their time, these works illuminate the complex web of factors that shaped their lives and legacies.
While academic biographies may not always carry the same narrative flair as their fictional counterparts, their commitment to factual integrity and thorough analysis make them indispensable resources for scholars, students, and enthusiasts alike
Here are several examples of notable academic biographies:
Authorized biographies offer a unique perspective on the lives of their subjects, as they are written with the explicit consent and, often, active participation of the individual in question.
This collaboration between the biographer and the subject can lead to a more accurate, detailed, and intimate portrayal of the person’s life, as the author is granted access to a wealth of personal information, documents, and anecdotes that might otherwise be inaccessible.
When working on an authorized biography, the biographer is typically given permission to access personal documents, such as letters, diaries, and photographs, which can provide invaluable insights into the subject’s thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
This primary source material allows the biographer to construct a narrative that is grounded in fact and captures the essence of the individual’s life and personality.
Here are several examples of notable authorized biographies:
Fictionalized academic biographies merge the best of both worlds, combining the rigorous research and scholarly integrity of academic biographies with the engaging storytelling of historical fiction.
Authors of these works expertly navigate the delicate balance between maintaining factual accuracy and venturing into the realm of imagination.
This approach allows them to explore the subject’s personal life, relationships, and the broader historical context in a compelling manner, while ensuring the narrative remains firmly rooted in well-researched facts.
Here are several examples of notable fictionalized academic biographies:
Prophetic biographies delve into the rich and profound narratives of religious figures or prophets, meticulously weaving together insights from sacred texts, religious traditions, and historical accounts.
By providing a comprehensive portrayal of the individual’s life, teachings, and impact on society, these biographies serve as an invaluable resource for understanding the pivotal role these figures played in shaping the course of religious history and the lives of the faithful.
Here are several examples of notable prophetic biographies:
A biography is a comprehensive written account of an individual’s life, and the development process involves several essential components to ensure the biography’s accuracy and readability.
A biographer’s primary responsibility is to conduct extensive research in order to gather a comprehensive array of facts about the subject. This meticulous process involves reviewing various documents and sources that shed light on the individual’s life and experiences, as well as the historical context in which they lived.
Key documents, such as birth and death certificates, provide essential information about the subject’s origins and family background. Personal correspondence, letters, and diaries offer invaluable insights into the subject’s thoughts, emotions, relationships, and experiences. News articles, on the other hand, can reveal public perceptions of the subject, as well as their impact on society and culture.
Archives often serve as treasure troves of information for biographers, as they contain a wealth of primary sources that can help illuminate the subject’s life and times. These archives may include collections of personal papers, photographs, audio recordings, and other materials that offer first-hand accounts of the individual’s experiences or shed light on their accomplishments and impact.
Consulting relevant books and articles is another crucial aspect of a biographer’s research process, as these secondary sources provide context, analysis, and interpretation of the subject’s life and work.
By delving into the existing scholarship and engaging with the works of other researchers, biographers can solidify their understanding of the individual and the historical circumstances in which they lived.
Interviewing people who knew the subject personally is a vital component of a biographer’s research process, as it allows them to access unique insights, personal stories, and firsthand accounts of the individual’s life.
Friends, family members, co-workers, and colleagues can all offer valuable perspectives on the subject’s character, relationships, achievements, and challenges, thereby enriching the biographer’s understanding of their life and experiences.
While subjective anecdotes offer a more intimate glimpse into the subject’s personality and personal life, it is essential for biographers to balance these accounts with factual research.
By corroborating and contextualizing personal stories with objective information gleaned from primary and secondary sources, biographers can ensure that their portrayal of the individual’s life remains accurate and well-rounded.
This process of balancing subjective anecdotes with factual research also allows biographers to present a more nuanced and comprehensive view of their subject. By weaving together personal stories with historical context, biographers can create a richer and more engaging narrative that captures the complexity and multifaceted nature of the individual’s life.
In addition, by considering various perspectives and sources of information, biographers can address potential biases or discrepancies in their account, resulting in a more reliable and credible portrayal of the subject.
This careful attention to detail and commitment to accuracy not only enhances the quality of the biography but also helps establish trust between the biographer and their readers.
Organizing a biography in a chronological manner is a highly effective approach, as it allows readers to follow the subject’s life events in a logical and coherent sequence.
By presenting the information in a linear fashion, the biographer enables readers to trace the subject’s journey from their early years to their later accomplishments, making it easier to understand the context and progression of their life.
To effectively arrange a chronological narrative, the biographer should begin by highlighting significant milestones and accomplishments in the subject’s life. These key events serve as anchor points in the story, helping to structure the narrative and maintain the reader’s interest.
By focusing on these pivotal moments, the biographer can illustrate the subject’s growth, development, and achievements over time, providing a clear and engaging overview of their life’s trajectory.
Contextualizing the subject within their historical and cultural framework is a crucial aspect of biographical writing, as it enables readers to gain a deeper understanding of the individual’s life, choices, and significance.
Embedding the subject within their historical context involves examining the political, social, and economic landscape of the time. This includes exploring major events, trends, and issues that affected the subject’s life and decisions, such as wars, social movements, technological advancements, or cultural shifts.
Additionally, considering the subject’s cultural context is essential for understanding their beliefs, values, and creative expression. This involves examining the artistic, intellectual, and philosophical currents of the time, which may have influenced the subject’s work, ideas, or relationships.
Moreover, contextualizing the subject within their historical and cultural framework can help to humanize them, revealing the complexities, contradictions, and struggles that are often inherent in the human experience.
This approach offers readers a more nuanced and empathetic understanding of the subject, allowing them to see the person as a product of their time and circumstances, rather than as an isolated figure.
The life of samuel johnson, ll.d. by james boswell (1791).
“The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.” is a biography of the English writer and literary critic Samuel Johnson, written by his friend and contemporary James Boswell. Published in 1791, it is often considered one of the greatest biographies in the English language and a pioneering work in the development of modern biography as a literary genre.
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) was a prominent figure in 18th-century English literature, known for his wide-ranging knowledge, wit, and moral authority. He is best remembered for his dictionary, “A Dictionary of the English Language,” published in 1755, which became the standard English dictionary for over a century. He was also a prolific essayist, poet, and critic.
James Boswell (1740-1795) was a Scottish lawyer, diarist, and author who became friends with Johnson in 1763. Over the course of their friendship, Boswell made detailed notes of their conversations and observations, which he later used as the basis for his biography.
“The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.” is a comprehensive and vivid portrait of Johnson’s life, character, and work. Boswell covers Johnson’s early years, education, and struggles with poverty and illness, as well as his rise to prominence as a writer and his involvement in the vibrant literary circles of 18th-century London.
The biography also delves into Johnson’s friendships and relationships, including his long association with Hester Thrale, a prominent society hostess, and writer.
What sets Boswell’s biography apart is his skill in capturing Johnson’s personality, wit, and conversation. By presenting Johnson’s thoughts and opinions on a wide range of topics, as well as anecdotes and reminiscences from those who knew him, Boswell creates a vivid and engaging portrait of his subject.
“The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” is a non-fiction book written by Rebecca Skloot, published in 2010. The book tells the story of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman whose cancer cells were taken without her knowledge or consent during a biopsy in 1951. These cells, known as HeLa cells, became the first immortal human cell line, reproducing indefinitely under laboratory conditions.
HeLa cells have been used extensively in medical research, contributing to significant scientific breakthroughs, such as the development of the polio vaccine, gene mapping, and cancer research.
Henrietta Lacks was a young mother of five when she was diagnosed with an aggressive form of cervical cancer at the age of 31. She received treatment at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where a sample of her cancerous tissue was taken without her knowledge. Henrietta passed away in 1951, but her cells continued to live on, revolutionizing medical research.
Rebecca Skloot spent more than a decade researching Henrietta Lacks’ life and the scientific history of HeLa cells. Skloot also interviewed Lacks’ surviving family members, who were unaware of Henrietta’s contribution to science until the 1970s.
The book explores the ethical issues surrounding the use of human tissue in research, the question of consent, and the lack of compensation for the Lacks family.
“Alexander Hamilton” is a comprehensive biography of the American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, written by historian and biographer Ron Chernow. Published in 2004, the book provides an in-depth look into Hamilton’s life, from his humble beginnings in the West Indies to his significant contributions as a statesman, economist, and influential figure in early American history.
Chernow’s biography delves into Hamilton’s early life as an orphan in the Caribbean, his immigration to the American colonies, and his education. It also explores his involvement in the American Revolutionary War, where he served as an aide to General George Washington and later as an artillery officer.
The book details Hamilton’s role in the development of the United States Constitution and his work as the first Secretary of the Treasury under President Washington, where he was instrumental in establishing the nation’s financial system.
“Alexander Hamilton” also examines Hamilton’s personal life, including his relationships, marriage, and infamous extramarital affair, as well as his longstanding political rivalries with figures such as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Aaron Burr. The biography concludes with the story of Hamilton’s tragic death in a duel with Burr in 1804.
It received critical acclaim and won several awards, including the George Washington Book Prize. The biography also inspired Lin-Manuel Miranda to create the hit Broadway musical “Hamilton,” which premiered in 2015 and went on to achieve widespread popularity and numerous accolades, further solidifying Alexander Hamilton’s place in popular culture and history.
Science and technology.
Biographies in the field of science and technology offer fascinating insights into the lives and minds of extraordinary individuals who have made significant advancements in their respective fields.
These biographies often provide an in-depth look at the personal and professional lives of scientists, inventors, engineers, and other innovators, highlighting their discoveries, inventions, and contributions to human knowledge and progress.
Biographies of artists, actors, and writers often provide captivating and inspiring accounts of the lives of these creative individuals. By examining their personal and professional journeys, these biographies allow readers to gain a deeper understanding of the inspirations, motivations, and challenges that have shaped their subjects’ artistic achievements.
These biographies often delve into the early lives of their subjects, exploring formative experiences that may have influenced their creative paths. They also examine the artistic processes and the development of the subjects’ distinctive styles, providing valuable insights into their creative methodologies, influences, and inspirations.
Biographies of athletes provide riveting accounts of the lives and careers of remarkable individuals who have achieved greatness in the world of sports. These stories often serve as powerful sources of inspiration, showcasing the dedication, perseverance, and triumphs of athletes who have overcome obstacles and pushed the boundaries of human potential.
These biographies delve into the formative experiences of their subjects, exploring how early influences, innate talent, and personal motivations led them to pursue athletic excellence. They also provide insights into the rigorous training regimens, discipline, and sacrifices that athletes make to achieve their goals, highlighting the incredible determination and work ethic that underpin their success.
Additionally, biographies of athletes often touch on the personal challenges and setbacks these individuals have faced, such as injuries, controversies, or personal struggles.
Biographies of historical figures offer a unique window into the lives, personalities, and experiences of individuals who have left lasting impacts on the world. By delving into the stories of these influential people, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the political, social, and cultural contexts that shaped their actions and decisions, as well as the lasting legacies they left behind.
These biographies often provide richly detailed accounts of their subjects’ lives, including their upbringing, education, relationships, and personal struggles. By exploring the complex facets of these individuals, biographies help to humanize historical figures, providing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of their motivations, beliefs, and actions.
In addition to personal narratives, biographies of historical figures often weave together broader historical contexts and events. This allows readers to gain valuable insights into the social, political, and cultural forces that influenced their subjects’ lives and decisions.
A captivating biography requires more than just a simple retelling of a person’s life events. It delves into their personal experiences, relationships, and accomplishments, while maintaining an objective and authentic approach.
An essential aspect of a well-written biography is its objectivity. The narrative should portray the real person, depicting their experiences and beliefs accurately.
While it can be tempting to embellish facts or minimize flaws, striving for authenticity is crucial in presenting a credible account. This involves thorough research and verification of facts, even when they contradict the author’s initial assumptions.
Authenticity also extends to the respectful portrayal of a subject’s relationships and exploration of their inner world, while avoiding speculation or gossip.
When writing a biography, one must strike a balance between the subject’s personal and public life. This includes weaving together stories from their childhood, personal relationships, and major life events that may have shaped their character. The integration of both personal and public aspects contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of their vita.
However, careful consideration must be given to privacy concerns, and it is important to determine which aspects of the individual’s life are appropriate to disclose. Ultimately, the reader should gain insight into the person’s journey without feeling intrusive.
Just as in a novel, a great biography should feature engaging storylines that keep readers interested. This can be achieved by organizing the narrative around important events, challenges, and accomplishments that are relevant and compelling. To maintain a smooth flow, strategically transitioning between these key moments helps maintain reader interest.
The use of different perspectives, anecdotes, and historical context can also enhance the storyline. Paint vivid pictures of the settings, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the subject’s world. Furthermore, showcasing the subject’s resilience, growth, and impact, can contribute to a powerful and memorable biography.
Can biographies be fictional or purely factual.
Biographies usually aim to present an accurate and factual representation of someone’s life. However, some authors might take creative liberties and incorporate fictionalized elements for dramatic or storytelling purposes.
It is crucial for readers to be aware of the author’s intentions and approach when reading such biographical works.
Biographies, like any form of writing, can be subject to biases depending on the author’s perspective, beliefs, or intentions.
It is essential for readers to critically evaluate biographies by considering factors such as the author’s credentials, potential biases, and the sources used in the research process.
By comparing multiple biographies on the same subject or cross-referencing with other sources, readers can develop a more comprehensive and balanced understanding of the individual’s life and achievements.
While biographies often focus on famous or historical figures, they can also be written about lesser-known individuals with compelling stories or unique experiences.
These “everyday” biographies can provide valuable insights into the lives of ordinary people and the challenges they face, offering a broader understanding of the human experience and fostering empathy and connection among readers.
Yes, ethical considerations play a significant role in writing biographies.
Biographers must respect the privacy and dignity of their subjects, particularly when dealing with sensitive or personal information. They should also strive for accuracy and fairness, avoiding sensationalism or misrepresentation of facts.
Additionally, biographers should acknowledge and address any potential biases or conflicts of interest that may affect their portrayal of the subject.
Biographies offer us unparalleled access to the lives and legacies of remarkable individuals, spanning diverse genres and approaches.
From historical fiction to academic rigor, prophetic accounts to fictionalized narratives, biographies captivate our imagination and enrich our understanding of the human experience. These literary gems remind us that behind every great achievement lies a story of struggle, triumph, and unwavering determination.
So, let us continue to explore these remarkable journeys, as we delve deeper into the pages of history and the hearts of those who have shaped our world.
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[ baɪˈɒɡrəfi ]
An account of someone's life written by someone else, especially as a book or a movie.
autobiography , life story, memoir
The study of a person's life in the past.
life history , life study
The word 'biography' originated from the combination of two Greek words: 'bios' meaning life and 'graphia' meaning writing. The concept of recording the lives of notable individuals has been present in human history for centuries, with biographies serving as a valuable source of information about the past. Biographies offer insights into the experiences, achievements, and challenges faced by different individuals, contributing to a better understanding of human life and history.
See also: bio , biologic , biologist , biology , biosphere , biota , biotech .
Context: written
A biography is a detailed description or account of someone's life written by someone else. It includes various aspects of the person's life such as their childhood, career, relationships, and achievements.
A life story is a generally less formal term that refers to an account of a person's life, which can be written by the individual or someone else. It's commonly used in casual conversations or less formal contexts.
A memoir is a collection of memories that an individual writes about moments or events, both public or private, that took place in the author's life. It is more focused on personal experiences and emotions than a full life account.
An autobiography is a self-written account of the author's life. It includes personal insights and experiences, and is written from the author's perspective.
Context: formal
A recount of someone's life, similar to 'biography,' often used interchangeably in contexts involving a narrative of significant life events.
A broader, more informal term that can encompass all events in a person's life, including trivial and significant ones. Often used in academic, social studies, or psychological contexts.
Implies a more analytical or focused examination of someone’s life, often for educational or research purposes. Might be used in academic or professional settings.
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There are three meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun biography . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
1750 | 0.57 |
1760 | 0.32 |
1770 | 0.36 |
1780 | 0.71 |
1790 | 1.4 |
1800 | 2.7 |
1810 | 2.8 |
1820 | 3.1 |
1830 | 4.9 |
1840 | 5.6 |
1850 | 7.9 |
1860 | 7.3 |
1870 | 7.9 |
1880 | 9.5 |
1890 | 10 |
1900 | 10 |
1910 | 9.3 |
1920 | 10 |
1930 | 12 |
1940 | 12 |
1950 | 12 |
1960 | 12 |
1970 | 12 |
1980 | 12 |
1990 | 12 |
2000 | 11 |
2010 | 11 |
British english, u.s. english, where does the noun biography come from.
Earliest known use
The earliest known use of the noun biography is in the mid 1600s.
OED's earliest evidence for biography is from 1661, in the writing of John Fell, bishop of Oxford.
biography is a borrowing from Latin.
Etymons: Latin biographia .
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Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for biography, n..
biography, n. was revised in November 2010.
biography, n. was last modified in July 2023.
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Words In Sentences
Word Meanings and Sentences
by wordsmith · Published July 27, 2016 · Updated February 20, 2019
Part of speech: noun, synonym(s): life story, profile, antonym(s): autobiography, example sentences:, 1. it is my honor to recount my favorite actor’s life in a biography., 2. the singer was upset about the publication of the unauthorized biography of his life., 3. in his biography of the famous singer, the writer included fake stories about the entertainer..
Tags: Biography definition Biography meaning Biography sentence
Juvenile: in sentences.
June 28, 2016
by wordsmith · Published June 28, 2016
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Meaning of PETULANT in A Sentence – Video
20 Jul, 2018
Aiming to get back into the spotlight as Vice President Kamala Harris commands attention, former President Donald Trump will be in North Carolina and Senator JD Vance is headed to Michigan. Both are key swing states.
Chris Cameron
Former President Donald J. Trump and Senator JD Vance of Ohio will campaign today in two crucial battleground states: Mr. Trump in North Carolina, a state he won by a single percentage point in 2020, and Mr. Vance in Michigan, which Mr. Trump carried in 2016 but lost four years later. The Republicans are hoping to take back some of the momentum Vice President Kamala Harris has swiftly gained since becoming the Democrats’ nominee.
Ms. Harris’s running mate, Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota, will continue his swing of solo campaign appearances, attending fund-raisers in Denver and Boston. The Democrats picked up the endorsement of the Teamsters union’s Black caucus , though its parent union has remained silent.
Here’s what else to know:
On the trail: Mr. Trump is set to appear at a campaign event in Asheville, N.C., while Mr. Vance will campaign in Byron Center, Mich., just south of Grand Rapids. Ms. Harris is scheduled to deliver an economy-focused speech on Friday in Raleigh, N.C., and she and Mr. Walz will campaign in Pittsburgh and western Pennsylvania on Sunday, the day before the Democratic National Convention kicks off.
Fall races set: A pair of prominent primaries were held on Tuesday. Representative Ilhan Omar, a progressive lightning rod, won the primary for her Minnesota seat . In Wisconsin, Eric Hovde , a wealthy businessman endorsed by Donald Trump, won the G.O.P. contest to challenge Senator Tammy Baldwin, the Democratic incumbent.
Union cries foul on Trump and Musk: The United Automobile Workers union filed charges with federal labor regulators accusing Mr. Trump and Mr. Musk, in their livestream this week, of voicing support for the practice of firing workers when they go on strike.
Doubling up: With Democrats gathering in Chicago for their nominating convention next week, the Harris campaign is planning for Ms. Harris and Mr. Walz to also hold a rally in Milwaukee — the same city where Republicans held their convention last month.
Arizona abortion measure: A proposal to establish a right to abortion in Arizona’s Constitution will be on the ballot in November — and it could influence turnout in the battleground state . Democrats have leveraged unhappiness about the Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe v. Wade into gains in elections up and down the ballot over the last two years, but Republicans are betting that they can also use ballot questions to drive turnout in their favor in Arizona.
Reaching out: Mr. Trump plans to meet with Miriam Adelson , the widow of the casino magnate Sheldon Adelson, after his aide sent her angry texts in his name. The messages accused her of having “RINOs” — meaning, Republicans in name only — running a super PAC, and that her late husband never would have tolerated it.
Ruth Igielnik
Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald J. Trump are locked into a tight race in key swing states, according to new polling from the Cook Political Report and the bipartisan team of BSG and GS Strategy Group published Wednesday.
The surveys, conducted between July 26 and Aug. 2, show Ms. Harris leading slightly or tied among likely voters in six of the seven battlegrounds polled — Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Mr. Trump was ahead by a slim margin in Nevada. This is a marked change from the same surveys in May that showed Mr. Trump leading by a solid margin or tied across all seven swing states.
The reversal in North Carolina is particularly stark. Mr. Trump held one of his largest leads there in May, and the candidates are now neck-and-neck.
The new surveys also suggest that third-party candidates may be less of a factor. The inclusion of candidates like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the independent candidate, and Jill Stein, the Green Party nominee, did not change the overall results across the key states.
The results are similar to recent New York Times/Siena College surveys showing Ms. Harris with a slight lead in Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, and another indicator of how the presidential race has been remade in just a few weeks.
The Cook surveys, taken shortly after President Biden dropped out of the race and backed Ms. Harris as his successor, show Ms. Harris’s favorability ratings jumped 13 percentage points as voters got to know her as the new Democratic Party nominee. Much of that growth was driven by Democrats, but Ms. Harris also made gains with men who identify as independent, though the group still views her more negatively than positively, on balance.
There is some good news for Mr. Trump. Undecided voters, a relatively small slice of the electorate, trust Mr. Trump more on economic policy and border security and are more inflation-conscious than the electorate overall.
They are also more worried about Ms. Harris’s readiness to perform the job than they are concerned about Mr. Trump’s age. If elected, Mr. Trump, 78, would be the oldest president ever inaugurated.
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Michael Gold
In another sign of how the Trump campaign is looking to transition its attacks against Biden to attacks against Harris, it just sent out a statement that used the term “Kamalanomics,” blaming the vice president for economic policies that, for the past two years, it had laid squarely at Biden’s feet.
Neil Vigdor
Former Senator Richard Burr of North Carolina, one of the seven Republicans in the chamber who voted to convict Donald J. Trump during impeachment proceedings for his actions related to the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, now says he will vote for the former president. “I don’t have a hard time squaring with it because I firmly understood why I chose to vote for impeachment,” said Burr, who retired at the end of 2022, in an interview on Spectrum News that aired on Tuesday. “And like I say, that’s not a disqualifier as to whether you can serve. It’s a bad choice that I thought a president made one time.” The Senate fell 10 votes short of the margin needed to convict Trump.
New: In a wide-ranging interview former (R) Sen. Richard Burr, who voted to convict Trump, tells me he will support Trump in November. (Interview was in July before Biden dropped out. Burr still supports Trump over Harris) Watch the Full Story: https://t.co/RzqxYJrrMV #ncpol pic.twitter.com/uURYpB5228 — Reuben Jones (@ReubenJones1) August 14, 2024
Jennifer Medina
Latino voters are significantly more supportive of Vice President Kamala Harris than they had been of President Biden before he exited the race, according to polling out today from Equis, a Democratic-leaning research group that focuses on Latinos. The new polling suggests that the Harris campaign could stave off large gains for former President Donald J. Trump among Hispanic voters, but shows that the campaign is still falling slightly short of what Biden received in 2020 .
Maggie Astor
The National Black Caucus of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris for the presidency on Tuesday, setting it apart from its parent union, which has declined to make an endorsement and whose president spoke at the Republican National Convention.
“Their records reflect a deep dedication to advancing labor rights and supporting working-class Americans,” the caucus said of Ms. Harris and her running mate, Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota, in a statement announcing its endorsement. “As a key partner in leading the most pro-labor administration in our lifetimes, Vice President Harris has proven to be a tough and principled fighter for workers’ rights and a leader who delivers on her promises.”
The statement praised the bipartisan infrastructure bill President Biden signed, as well as steps his administration has taken to lower prescription drug costs and increase wages. It also credited Ms. Harris with pushing to expand the child tax credit — which the pandemic relief bill Mr. Biden signed in 2021 did temporarily, but Congress declined to do permanently — and with helping to preserve union members’ pensions .
It said that former President Donald J. Trump’s administration “was one of the most antilabor in modern history,” citing among other things his loosening of workplace safety regulations and his opposition to raising the federal minimum wage. And it criticized Mr. Trump as “contributing to a hostile environment for Black Americans.”
“Trump showed us for over 40 years who he really is: someone who is not for us,” James Curbeam, the chairman of the caucus, said in the statement. “Endorsing a candidate with his history would be a betrayal of the values that we have fought to uphold.”
The decision to endorse Ms. Harris aligns the Teamsters’ National Black Caucus with other major organized-labor institutions, including the A.F.L.-C.I.O., the United Automobile Workers and the American Federation of Teachers. But the overall Teamsters union has not endorsed either party’s ticket.
The Teamsters president, Sean O’Brien, requested speaking slots at both the Republican and Democratic National Conventions, and spoke at the Republican convention in Milwaukee last month. (The list of speakers for the Democratic convention next week has not been finalized.) Mr. O’Brien has indicated that he is open to endorsing Mr. Trump, with whom he met privately earlier this year, as the former president tries to win support from union members, a traditionally Democratic constituency.
Mr. Curbeam, who did not immediately respond to an interview request on Wednesday, has previously condemned Mr. O’Brien’s overtures to Mr. Trump. The Harris and Trump campaigns also did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
The Teamsters have 1.3 million members in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing and construction.
Kara Deniz, a spokeswoman for the union, said it was still conducting its endorsement process and was polling its members this month about which candidate they preferred.
“The great thing about the Teamsters is that we do have a diverse membership, and we are a democratic institution,” Ms. Deniz said. “Unlike a corporation, we uplift the voices of our membership and represent them and listen to our members’ input, and that’s exactly what we are doing right now.”
After Senator JD Vance of Ohio was named as Donald Trump's running mate last month, he also joined the former president's social media platform, Truth Social. Vance's account on the site was inactive until early this morning, when he posted a string of criticisms against his Democratic opponents, Vice President Kamala Harris and Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota.
In the posts, Vance denounced Harris and Walz with language he has used before, citing a wide range of topics, including the economy, immigration and transgender issues. He also criticized Harris for not taking questions from the media and attacked Walz’s military record.
Nicholas Nehamas
Vice President Kamala Harris and Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota will campaign in Pittsburgh and western Pennsylvania on Sunday ahead of the Democratic National Convention. They will be joined by their spouses, Doug Emhoff and Gwen Walz, and it will be the first time that all four have campaigned together.
Kate Christobek and Ben Protess
The judge who oversaw Donald J. Trump’s Manhattan criminal trial declined for a third time to step aside from the case, rebuking the former president’s lawyers for claiming that the judge had a distant yet problematic connection to Vice President Kamala Harris.
In a three-page decision dated Tuesday, the judge, Justice Juan M. Merchan, slammed Mr. Trump’s filing seeking his recusal as “rife with inaccuracies” and repetitive, and dismissed the idea that he had any conflict of interest.
Mr. Trump’s lawyers had argued that the judge’s daughter “has a longstanding relationship with Harris” — a claim her colleagues have disputed — and cited her “work for political campaigns” as a Democratic consultant. But prosecutors with the Manhattan district attorney’s office, which secured Mr. Trump’s conviction in May on felony charges of falsifying business records , called his request “a vexatious and frivolous attempt to relitigate” an issue that Justice Merchan had already twice dismissed.
Justice Merchan, a moderate Democrat who was once a registered Republican, rejected Mr. Trump’s initial bid to oust him last year and did so again in April , on the first day of trial. The judge, who has no direct ties to Ms. Harris, cited a state advisory committee on judicial ethics, which determined that his impartiality could not reasonably be questioned based on his daughter’s interests.
Mr. Trump, who has stoked right-wing furor against the judge’s daughter, Loren Merchan, renewed the recusal request once President Biden abandoned his presidential campaign and Ms. Harris became the presumptive Democratic nominee. She is now locked in a tight race with Mr. Trump, who has falsely portrayed his conviction as a Democratic plot to foil his campaign.
“Stated plainly, defendant’s arguments are nothing more than a repetition of stale and unsubstantiated claims,” Justice Merchan wrote in his latest ruling. Underscoring his frustration with the defense’s repetitive filings, he added, “this court now reiterates for the third time, that which should already be clear — innuendo and mischaracterizations do not a conflict create. Recusal is therefore not necessary, much less required.”
Justice Merchan’s decision, while anticipated, is consequential nonetheless: It enables him to soon decide two crucial matters that will shape Mr. Trump’s legal fate.
On Sept. 16, the judge is scheduled to determine whether to throw out Mr. Trump’s conviction following the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling granting him broad immunity for official actions as president. The former president’s long-shot request was vigorously opposed by prosecutors, who urged Justice Merchan to uphold the jury’s verdict , noting that the case had nothing to do with Mr. Trump’s official acts in the White House.
A jury of 12 New Yorkers convicted Mr. Trump on all 34 counts, concluding that he had falsified records to cover up a hush-money payment to a porn star, Stormy Daniels, in the final days of the 2016 campaign. After his fixer, Michael D. Cohen, paid Ms. Daniels $130,000 to bury her story of a sexual liaison with Mr. Trump, Mr. Trump repaid Mr. Cohen and approved plans to lie on paperwork to hide the nature of the reimbursement, the jury found.
If Justice Merchan denies Mr. Trump’s immunity motion, as expected, Mr. Trump could mount an emergency appeal. If that fails, the judge will then proceed with Mr. Trump’s sentencing on Sept. 18. Mr. Trump faces up to four years in prison, but could receive a far shorter sentence, or even probation.
Mr. Trump’s lawyers had asked the judge to rule on the recusal first, arguing that “Decisions by Your Honor on the pending presidential immunity motion and at any sentencing would benefit not only Harris but also the professional aspirations and financial status of Your Honor’s daughter.”
But Ms. Merchan’s employer, Authentic Campaigns, has disputed Mr. Trump’s claims.
In a recent letter to the Republican chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, which has sought to undermine Mr. Trump’s conviction, Authentic’s founder asserted that the company last had a contract with Mr. Biden’s campaign in 2020 and Ms. Harris’s in 2019.
The founder, Mike Nellis, also said that employees of the company had not communicated with Justice Merchan about Mr. Trump’s case.
“It is concerning that Republican members of this committee are using valuable time and taxpayer dollars to perpetuate a false right-wing conspiracy theory instead of focusing on the pressing issues facing our nation,” Mr. Nellis wrote. “This is a disgraceful misuse of power and a disservice to the American people.”
Mr. Nellis added that he and Ms. Merchan had faced death threats and harassment.
Justice Merchan has not addressed the congressional scrutiny, though in his latest ruling he implied that Mr. Trump’s lawyers were close to crossing a line. “Counsel has been warned repeatedly that such advocacy must not come at the expense of professional responsibility in one’s role as an officer of the court,” he wrote.
The judge’s coming decisions on immunity and sentencing will culminate the battle that Mr. Trump has waged with Justice Merchan since before he was arraigned.
Days before he first set foot in the judge’s courtroom, Mr. Trump blasted him on social media , saying it would be “IMPOSSIBLE” for “a Trump Hating Judge” to oversee a fair trial. Shortly before the trial, Mr. Trump also spread an online hoax that falsely claimed Loren Merchan had publicly posted an image of him behind bars.
Soon after, at the request of prosecutors, Justice Merchan expanded an existing gag order on Mr. Trump to prohibit the former president from attacking family members of prosecutors or the judge. The judge loosened the gag order after the trial, but kept in place the prohibition on attacking family members until the sentencing, a decision that a state appeals court recently upheld.
Mr. Trump has decried the gag order as unconstitutional, seeking to use it to support his bid to oust Justice Merchan from the case. The former president has also repeatedly cited the judge’s modest donations to Democratic candidates .
As the trial began, Justice Merchan denied Mr. Trump’s second request to have him removed, telling the courtroom “there is no agenda here” and “we want justice to be done.”
The Harris campaign said it would spend $90 million on advertising over the last three weeks of August, an aggressive push to reach voters in battleground states. The campaign is newly flush with cash, having raised $310 million in July, more than double what the Trump campaign brought in.
Jim Tankersley and Andrew Duehren
Reporting from Washington
Vice President Kamala Harris’s sudden ascent to the top of the Democratic ticket has generated a host of questions about her economic agenda, including how much she will stick to the details of President Biden’s positions, tweak them, or chart entirely new ones.
When she begins to roll out her policy vision this week, Ms. Harris is likely to answer only some of those questions.
During an economy-focused speech on Friday in Raleigh, N.C., Ms. Harris will outline a sort of reboot of the administration’s economic agenda, according to four people familiar with Ms. Harris’s plans.
She will lay out an approach relatively light on details, they said. It will shift emphasis from Mr. Biden’s focus on job creation and made-in-America manufacturing, and toward efforts to rein in the cost of living. But it will rarely break from Mr. Biden on substance.
That strategy reflects the advice economic aides have given Ms. Harris: to be clear and bold in talking about the economy, but not overly specific.
Her ability to do that has been effectively enabled by the unusual circumstances of Mr. Biden’s abrupt departure from the presidential race, which allowed Ms. Harris to secure the Democratic nomination without enduring a long primary campaign.
Ben Harris, a former Treasury official who formulated economic policy for Mr. Biden’s 2020 campaign, said the compressed timeline meant Ms. Harris wouldn’t be able to develop a full policy agenda as candidates did in 2020.
“It’s probably unrealistic and ill-advised to run that same playbook,” he said. “My guess is that the vice president is going to look at this massive collection of Biden administration policies and emphasize the ones that are most important to her.”
The Harris campaign declined to comment on what she would propose this week.
But Ms. Harris’s team, and many of the liberal policy groups that support her, have championed the idea that her best bet is to hammer poll-tested, overarching economic themes that reflect core values and reinforce her political biography — and mostly leave the white papers until after the election.
The resulting plan, devised by Ms. Harris with a group of advisers that includes prominent alumni of Mr. Biden’s administration, is likely to go further than Mr. Biden has in office to attack large corporations for using their market power to raise prices. That argument polls well with swing voters and is partly an attempt to divert blame for the high inflation Americans experienced early in Mr. Biden’s term.
Aides say it also fits with Ms. Harris’s efforts to emphasize her career as a prosecutor who supports business but has cracked down on corporate lawbreakers.
In her speech, according to those familiar with her plans, Ms. Harris will call for expanding the child tax credit, along with higher taxes on corporations and high earners, in line with Mr. Biden’s budget proposals in office. She will also push for more affordable housing, among other measures.
In her campaign, Ms. Harris has already called for raising the minimum wage and providing paid leave for workers. She has defended the independence of the Federal Reserve.
While those goals align with established Democratic positions, Ms. Harris is not expected anytime soon to say how high the minimum wage should be raised, for example, or offer a detailed plan addressing the raft of individual tax cuts that are set to expire next year.
The strategic vagueness is an important, if subtle, shift from Mr. Biden, who as president has released reams of detailed policy plans. Some of Ms. Harris’s advisers believe that appearing as a relative blank slate on key issues — like trade and taxes — could help attract support from business groups put off by some of Mr. Biden’s policies.
Such an approach could also provide fewer targets for attack on policy particulars, the reasoning goes.
It’s a fine line for someone serving as Mr. Biden’s No. 2. Many of the formal and informal economic advisers to Ms. Harris’s campaign, including Mike Pyle, Gene Sperling, Bharat Ramamurti and Brian Deese, previously held senior posts in the Biden administration. Mr. Deese was Mr. Biden’s first director of the National Economic Council and helped develop much of his vast legislative agenda. Mr. Pyle was chief economist to Ms. Harris as vice president and later a top economic aide on Mr. Biden’s National Security Council.
Ms. Harris has disavowed some of her positions from her short-lived bid for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination. Aides say she no longer supports a fracking ban, Medicare for All and other measures she proposed in that campaign that were meant to win progressive votes.
Campaign officials have pointed reporters instead to Mr. Biden’s most recent budget as a blueprint of sorts for Ms. Harris’s eventual positions. Karine Jean-Pierre, the White House press secretary, said on Monday that Mr. Biden and Ms. Harris were “on the same page” on policy.
“I don’t think we should overstate the mystery here — she’s been part of these policy proposals for the last four years,” said Michael Linden, a former staff member in the White House budget office under Mr. Biden.
Former President Donald J. Trump and other Republicans have repeatedly tied Ms. Harris to Mr. Biden’s agenda, which they attack as a failure. In surveys, Americans give consistently poor reviews to Mr. Biden’s handling of the economy, and Mr. Trump regularly outpaced Mr. Biden in polls asking voters whom they trusted more to handle the economy.
Without Mr. Biden at the top of the ticket, though, Ms. Harris may have more appeal, even if she makes few substantive changes to the policies he was running on.
Many veterans of Democratic policymaking say Ms. Harris should use her speech on Friday, and the Democratic National Convention next week, to turn economic issues to her advantage and embrace policies meant to attract struggling middle-class voters.
“When she leaves the convention on Friday morning, voters should have greater confidence in her ability to manage the economy,” said Jim Kessler, executive vice president for policy at the centrist Democratic group Third Way. He said he hoped Ms. Harris would lean into messages on energy independence , deficit reduction and help for rural America, among others.
Ms. Harris has selectively detailed some policy positions. Her campaign has said she supports Mr. Biden’s pledge not to raise taxes on any household making less than $400,000 a year, and she also recently endorsed a plan first floated by Mr. Trump to stop collecting taxes on tips. While both major party candidates are behind this idea, tax experts have panned it , arguing that it would unfairly give one type of earnings an advantage over others.
Mr. Trump has skimped on policy specifics, as he did in previous campaigns. He has promised a wide range of tax cuts as the core of his economic agenda, but has not put forth a detailed tax proposal. Some of his plans build on his policies in office, like further reducing a corporate tax rate he cut in 2017, and others are new, like exempting Social Security benefits from taxation.
Much of what Ms. Harris is expected to outline in broad strokes this week — which includes expanding the child tax credit — failed in Congress when Democrats last controlled it. Moderate Democrats balked at the cost of many of those programs, while other slices of Mr. Biden’s agenda, like subsidies for clean-energy technology, became law.
Many in the party are eager to revisit what they see as unfinished business from Mr. Biden’s term. That eagerness, along with the truncated nature of Ms. Harris’s campaign, appears to have relieved the pressure that progressive groups put on Democratic candidates in recent presidential primaries — which often featured long-running debates on the details of how best to tax the rich or provide health care for all Americans.
Felicia Wong, president of Roosevelt Forward, a progressive advocacy group, said she didn’t necessarily expect detailed proposals from Ms. Harris — or see that lack of detail as a problem.
And even if Ms. Harris was elected, Ms. Wong said, policy details were going to depend heavily on the makeup of Congress — Ms. Harris’s approach to child care, for example, might look quite different if Democrats controlled both houses.
“If you’re going to have a policy design conversation — which I think we should — I don’t know that that has to happen at the campaign level,” Ms. Wong said. “So I’m not that worried about it.”
Ben Casselman contributed reporting from New York.
Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, the progressive lightning rod whose unabated criticism of Israel has deepened the fissures in the Democratic Party over the war in Gaza, won her primary on Tuesday, according to The Associated Press.
While she prevailed, it has been a rocky summer for the “squad,” the ultraliberal faction of lawmakers in the House.
Two other members of the group, Representative Jamaal Bowman of New York and Representative Cori Bush of Missouri , suffered primary defeats in June and August after pro-Israel groups spent millions trying to influence those contests.
Ms. Omar, 41, who is seeking a fourth term in Congress, heavily outspent her three opponents, including Don Samuels, a former Minneapolis City Council member, who came within 2,500 votes of ousting her in the 2022 primary. Unlike several other primary contests, Ms. Omar’s race did not see a large amount of campaign spending originating outside the district.
Midway through Donald J. Trump’s presidency in 2018, Ms. Omar was one of several women of color on the far left of the Democratic Party who were elected to the House . That group includes Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts.
Mr. Trump famously said in 2019 that Ms. Omar and those other three women should “go back” to their countries, though she was the only one not born in the United States.
Ms. Omar, who was born in Somalia and is one of two Muslim women in the House, has faced backlash for her criticism of Israel and pro-Palestinian beliefs.
In 2023, Republicans in the House ousted Ms. Omar from the Foreign Affairs Committee in a party-line vote over her past comments about Israel that had been widely condemned as antisemitic.
While showing her support for pro-Palestinian protesters at a Columbia University encampment in April, Ms. Omar created a furor when she suggested that some Jewish students were “pro-genocide.” Her daughter had been one of several students who were suspended for participating in the encampment .
Eric Hovde, a wealthy businessman, won the Republican nomination for Senate in Wisconsin on Tuesday, according to The Associated Press, setting up a key race this fall with Senator Tammy Baldwin, the Democratic incumbent.
The race was called with just 4 percent of the vote counted, with Mr. Hovde holding large leads on his challengers: Charles Barman, a construction superintendent, and Rejani Raveendran, a nurse and midwife studying at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.
Ms. Baldwin’s seat is one of more than a half-dozen held by Democrats that Republicans are targeting this year. To regain control of the Senate, Republicans need to flip just one or two — depending on whether the party wins the presidency — and they are almost guaranteed to pick up one seat in West Virginia, where Senator Joe Manchin III is not running for re-election.
Mr. Hovde, the multimillionaire founder of H Bancorp and the chief executive of a real estate development company, has had several false starts in his political career. He financed a failed Senate campaign in 2012 with $5.8 million from his personal fortune before ultimately losing the Republican primary . He later considered other runs for Senate and governor, but decided against them.
Mr. Hovde is one of several Republican Senate candidates this year who are in a position to self-fund their campaigns, allowing the party to devote more of its resources elsewhere. Mr. Hovde has so far pumped at least $13 million of his own money into the campaign.
He has presented his wealth as a positive, saying it means he doesn’t need “special-interest money” and can be more independent, and pledging to donate his Senate salary to charity if he is elected.
Ms. Baldwin, who was uncontested in the Democratic primary, has sought to cast him as out of touch with regular Americans, and as a carpetbagger because he owns property in California and has split his time between there and Wisconsin. He has been registered to vote in Wisconsin since 2012.
He also drew criticism this year for suggesting that “almost nobody in a nursing home” is mentally competent to vote, saying he had gained expertise regarding nursing homes because the bank he owns lends to them.
Like several of her fellow Democratic Senate candidates, Ms. Baldwin — who has the advantage of incumbency, even though Wisconsin is a competitive state — appears to be running ahead of her party’s presidential ticket. A New York Times/Siena College poll this month found her leading Mr. Hovde by eight percentage points, outstripping Vice President Kamala Harris’s four-point lead over Donald J. Trump in Wisconsin.
Chris Cameron contributed reporting.
Maggie Haberman and Jonathan Swan
Donald J. Trump is planning to meet privately this week with Miriam Adelson, the widow of the casino magnate Sheldon Adelson and the Republican donor he attacked over text messages sent by his aide late last month, according to two people with knowledge of the plans.
Mr. Trump’s team had asked Mrs. Adelson to attend an event focused on his Jewish supporters to be held at his private club in Bedminster, N.J., this week, according to the people with knowledge of the plans. They are also supposed to speak privately while there, one of the people said.
A spokesman for Mr. Trump did not respond to a request for comment. An adviser to Mrs. Adelson did not respond to messages seeking comment.
Mrs. Adelson, who was born in Israel and is a stalwart supporter of the Jewish state, earlier this year reconstituted a super PAC the Adelsons had backed previously, Preserve America, with plans to spend tens of millions of dollars in support of Mr. Trump.
But on July 25, just days after Mr. Trump and Mrs. Adelson had met privately at the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, Mr. Trump sent Mrs. Adelson text messages through his aide, Natalie Harp, accusing her of having “RINOs” — Republicans in Name Only — running the group, and that her late husband never would have tolerated it. At the time, Preserve America was spending $18 million on ads in three battleground states in support of Mr. Trump.
The text messages were jarring to Mrs. Adelson, according to people with knowledge of what took place. The messages prompted concerns about whether she might curtail her support for him, although those worries appear to have dissipated. Her advisers later discovered that Ike Perlmutter, the billionaire former chief executive of Marvel Entertainment who is supporting a rival super PAC, had encouraged the attacks on Mrs. Adelson.
Mr. Perlmutter, who is said to have hoped for Mrs. Adelson’s financial support to be routed through the super PAC he is backing, acknowledged to an adviser to Mrs. Adelson that he had helped spur Mr. Trump’s broadsides, according to the people with knowledge of what took place.
Mr. Trump has been struggling to find his footing, after President Biden abruptly ended his re-election campaign and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris, who has pulled even with Mr. Trump in several polls.
Kellen Browning
Reporting from Los Angeles
Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota defended himself against Republican attacks on his military service record on Tuesday in his first solo campaign event since being named Vice President Kamala Harris’s running mate.
Speaking at the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees convention in Los Angeles, Mr. Walz responded directly for the first time to the claims pushed by former President Donald J. Trump’s campaign that he exaggerated his military record to suggest he had served in combat when he had not, and that he left his Army National Guard unit to run for public office in order to avoid deploying to Iraq.
“I am damn proud of my service to this country,” Mr. Walz said. “And I firmly believe you should never denigrate another person’s service record.”
Mr. Walz retired from the National Guard in 2005 after 24 years, a year before his artillery battalion deployed to Iraq. At the time of his retirement, soldiers knew a deployment was possible, but the actual orders came months after Mr. Walz, then 41, had already left to run for a seat in the House of Representatives . On Tuesday, he framed that decision as another act of service.
“In 2005, I felt the call of duty again, this time paying service to my country in the halls of Congress,” Mr. Walz said. Without referring to him by name, he addressed Senator JD Vance of Ohio, Mr. Trump’s running mate, who has led the “stolen valor” attacks against him and who also served in the military.
“To anyone brave enough to put on that uniform for our great country, including my opponent, I just have a few simple words: Thank you for your service and sacrifice,” Mr. Walz said.
Mr. Walz did not directly address Mr. Vance’s claims that he had misrepresented his record to include combat.
Speaking about gun control in 2018, when he was a member of the House of Representatives, Mr. Walz said “we can make sure that those weapons of war that I carried in war is the only place where those weapons are at.”
He deployed after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, but did not serve in a combat zone. The Harris campaign has said that Mr. Walz misspoke.
Absent a roaring crowd of more than 10,000 packed inside a stadium or airplane hangar and without serving as Ms. Harris’s opening act — the norm for the Democratic ticket over the past week — Mr. Walz gave a 20-minute address to union members that was slightly less raucous than his previous speeches. But his tone and demeanor otherwise mirrored last week’s series of appearances.
Mr. Walz, a former teacher — and, as he noted, the first union member on a presidential ticket since Ronald Reagan — framed himself and Ms. Harris as warriors for the working class, highlighting pro-labor bills he signed in Minnesota and his support for federal legislation like the Protecting the Right to Organize Act , a labor rights bill.
By contrast, Mr. Walz painted Mr. Trump and Mr. Vance as out-of-touch elitists.
“Can you picture Donald Trump working at a McDonald’s, trying to run a McFlurry machine?” Mr. Walz asked, invoking Ms. Harris’s time working at the fast-food chain when she was a student. “The only thing those two guys know about working people is how to work to take advantage of them.”
As governor, Mr. Walz’s own record on labor is not entirely without blemishes. Last year, he vetoed a bill that would have guaranteed a minimum wage and other labor protections to gig drivers who work for Uber and Lyft, siding with the ridesharing companies’ arguments that the minimum pay was too high for the region and would have required them to curtail their businesses in Minnesota and pass on costs to riders. (He signed a similar bill with a lower base pay rate this year.)
Mr. Walz is coming off a string of battleground state rallies that welcomed him to the ticket, and the Los Angeles stop was the first of many events for him this week. He is set to attend a fund-raiser in Newport Beach, Calif., also on Tuesday, and attend fund-raisers in Denver, Boston, Newport, R.I., and Southampton, N.Y., later in the week.
Ms. Harris’s choice of Mr. Walz has seemed to turbocharge the enthusiasm unleashed by her own candidacy. He has leaned on his Midwestern appeal on the stump, while promising he and Ms. Harris would bring joy and lightness back to politics.
Supporters who attended last week’s rallies said they viewed Mr. Walz as “America’s dad,” and they were invigorated by the progressive policies he has signed into law in Minnesota.
But his rollout has not come without scrutiny, some of it inaccurate or misleading . Republicans have seized on his handling of the riots that broke out in Minneapolis in 2020 after a police officer was filmed murdering George Floyd, arguing he did not move quick enough to quell the unrest, looting and arson, and was slow to send in the National Guard. They have derided some of his policies , such as the bill he signed last year requiring menstrual products to be available in the bathrooms of all schools to accommodate transgender students.
Above all, they have hammered Mr. Walz over his military service.
The attacks are reminiscent of the sort deployed against Senator John Kerry in 2004, when he was the Democratic nominee running against President George W. Bush. Chris LaCivita, the co-chair of Mr. Trump’s campaign, was also one of the architects of the “Swift Boat” attacks against Mr. Kerry, which successfully cast doubt on his military service in Vietnam.
The United Automobile Workers union filed charges with federal labor regulators on Tuesday accusing former President Donald J. Trump and Elon Musk of threatening workers during a livestreamed conversation a day earlier.
The union, which has backed Vice President Kamala Harris, accused Mr. Trump of violating the law by voicing support for the practice of firing workers when they go on strike, an approach the former president suggested Mr. Musk had embraced.
In the glitch-delayed conversation on X, Mr. Trump described Mr. Musk as the “greatest cutter” of workers. He claimed Mr. Musk has responded to striking workers by saying, “That’s OK — you’re all gone.” Mr. Musk, the billionaire leader of Tesla and SpaceX, laughed in response, but did not directly address Mr. Trump’s remark before the former president changed the topic.
While Mr. Musk does have a reputation as a ruthless job-cutter — particularly at X, formerly Twitter, where he laid off roughly half the work force shortly after buying the company — and has been found to have engaged in anti-union tactics, Mr. Trump may have conflated different episodes across Mr. Musk’s business empire. Mr. Musk was found by the National Labor Relations Board in 2021 to have illegally fired a single Tesla employee for engaging in union activity. The board also accused him this year of illegally firing employees at SpaceX, but that involved a letter the workers circulated that was critical of Mr. Musk.
The N.L.R.B. said it had received unfair labor practice allegations against Mr. Trump’s campaign and Tesla. Regional offices for the board will investigate, said Kayla Blado, an N.L.R.B. spokeswoman.
Tesla did not immediately respond to requests for comment. On X, Mr. Musk insulted Shawn Fain, the president of the U.A.W.
A spokesman for the Trump campaign, Brian Hughes, called the complaint against Mr. Trump a “shameless political stunt intended to erode” the former president’s support from American workers.
Mark Gaston Pearce, who was chair of the N.L.R.B. under President Barack Obama, said the U.A.W. was making a “novel” use of labor law in targeting a politician. But, he said, unless the union is able to show that Mr. Trump was speaking on behalf of Mr. Musk’s companies, “It’s not likely a charge is going to be able to stick.”
Under the National Labor Relations Act, it is illegal for employers to threaten to fire workers in retaliation for union activity.
Mr. Fain said in a statement that “Trump stands against everything our union stands for.”
He added, “Both Trump and Musk want working class people to sit down and shut up, and they laugh about it openly.”
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The biography of Calhoun by Dr Hermann von Holst in the "American Statesmen Series" (Boston, 1882) is a condensed study of the political questions of Calhoun's time. 2. 1. He made copies of the Polk manuscripts and was working upon a detailed biography at the time of his death in 1891.
noun. Much of the book reads like the Yoko chapter in a biography of John. John Adams, like a door-stopping biography, is one of the best of the form. The biography is just one of a slew of projects about Taylor's life that the estate has in the works. Go to a used bookstore and check the biography shelves.
biography: [noun] a usually written history of a person's life.
BIOGRAPHY definition: 1. the life story of a person written by someone else: 2. the life story of a person written by…. Learn more.
BIOGRAPHY meaning: 1. the life story of a person written by someone else: 2. the life story of a person written by…. Learn more.
Times, Sunday Times. ( 2010) She knew that a supreme method of doing this was through the biographies of real people. Davey, Ray Rev. & Cole, John. A Channel of Peace. ( 1993) It was an item that had failed to appear in the official biography published four years earlier. The Times Literary Supplement.
biography: 1 n an account of the series of events making up a person's life Synonyms: life , life history , life story Examples: Parallel Lives a collection of biographies of famous pairs of Greeks and Romans written by Plutarch; used by Shakespeare in writing some of his plays Types: show 4 types... hide 4 types... autobiography a biography ...
Biography definition: a written account of another person's life. See examples of BIOGRAPHY used in a sentence.
Definition of biography noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Definition of biography noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
biography. (baɪɒgrəfi ) Word forms: plural biographies. 1. countable noun. A biography of someone is an account of their life, written by someone else. ...recent biographies of Stalin. 2. uncountable noun. Biography is the branch of literature which deals with accounts of people's lives. ...a volume of biography and criticism.
Definition of Biography. a person's life story as told by another person. Examples of Biography in a sentence. It took me years to shape the president's life story into an engaging biography. 🔊. Since the actress never asked you to write about her rise to stardom, your book isn't an authorized biography. 🔊
A biography of Elvire O'Connor, the ostensible writer of this piece, is included in the program and is a tiny work of art in its own right.: The volume begins with the editors' contributions, a short biography of Gegenbaur and a history of comparative anatomy at the University of Jena.: He presents a celebratory biography of an African-American woman removed from her culture and family.
The context of the example sentence can reveal unusual instances when 'biography' can be used that the reader is unlikely to be aware of. Complete sentences offer context to display how the word can be properly used. In summary, example sentences may assist the reader in remembering the word used and its full meaning.
BIOGRAPHY definition: 1. the story of a person's life written by another person 2. about someone's life: . Learn more.
A biography is the non- fiction, written history or account of a person's life. Biographies are intended to give an objective portrayal of a person, written in the third person. Biographers collect information from the subject (if he/she is available), acquaintances of the subject, or in researching other sources such as reference material ...
Defining Biography. A biography is a detailed account of a person's life, written by someone other than the subject. The term "biography" is derived from two Greek words: "bio," which means life, and "graphy," which signifies writing. Thus, a biography is the written history of someone's life, offering an in-depth look at their ...
The word 'biography' originated from the combination of two Greek words: 'bios' meaning life and 'graphia' meaning writing. The concept of recording the lives of notable individuals has been present in human history for centuries, with biographies serving as a valuable source of information about the past.
2 meanings: 1. an account of a person's life by another 2. such accounts collectively.... Click for more definitions.
What does the noun biography mean? There are three meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun biography. See 'Meaning & use' for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. See meaning & use. How common is the noun biography? About 10 occurrences per million words in modern written English . 1750: 0.57: 1760: 0.32: 1770: 0.36: 1780:
In his biography of the famous singer, the writer included fake stories about the entertainer. Tags: Biography definition Biography meaning Biography sentence You may also like...
Unsure of what to include in a biography? Whether about yourself or someone else, write one easily with these key parts of a biography.
Meaning: [-fɪ] n. an account of the series of events making up a person's life. Random good picture Not show. (1) He dramatized the biography of the basketball star. (2) He wrote a biography of Winston Churchill. (3) The biography shows him in a favourable light. (4) Hodges wrote an unofficial biography of the artist.
In the original biography, the same sentence called Walz "the son of an Army veteran and a retired Command Sergeant Major in the Army National Guard himself," website archives show. A Harris ...
Here's what else to know: On the trail: Mr. Trump is set to appear at a campaign event in Asheville, N.C., while Mr. Vance will campaign in Byron Center, Mich., just south of Grand Rapids. Ms ...