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Can I Do PhD Without a Supervisor?

In the realm of academic pursuits, the journey to attain a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is often regarded as a structured and rigorous endeavour. Central to this pursuit is the role of the PhD supervisor or guide, a seasoned mentor who provides invaluable direction, support, and oversight throughout the research journey. However, the landscape of higher education is evolving, and alternative pathways to earning a PhD have begun to emerge. These unconventional paths challenge the traditional model of close supervision, offering individuals the opportunity to chart their own course of research and discovery.

In this exploration, we delve into the intriguing realm of pursuing a PhD without the confines of a traditional supervisor. We uncover the various avenues that brave researchers may tread, and we navigate the advantages and challenges inherent in such unconventional approaches. From self-directed endeavours to interdisciplinary collaborations, from practice-based creative research to online learning, these paths offer a glimpse into a more autonomous and unique PhD experience.

While these unconventional approaches hold promise, they also present novel considerations that demand careful contemplation. This journey requires introspection and thorough evaluation of one’s own research expertise, the compatibility of the chosen approach with the research topic, and the standards of the field. Moreover, the credibility and recognition of the chosen program should be at the forefront of every decision.

Embarking on an unconventional PhD path demands meticulous planning and a strong commitment to self-discipline. While the conventional supervisor may be absent, the need for guidance and feedback remains. Therefore, building a network of collaborators, mentors, and advisors becomes imperative for success.

As we embark on this exploration of doctoral pursuits without traditional supervision, it is vital to remember that each academic journey is unique. While the traditional model offers structure and support, these emerging pathways embrace the spirit of innovation and autonomy. Join us as we unravel the intricacies, advantages, and potential pitfalls of pursuing a PhD through unconventional avenues, guiding you through the uncharted waters of doctoral research.

PhD Supervisors and Their Role

Brief overview of the traditional phd process, can i do phd independently: unconventional phd paths, a. advantages of pursuing a phd without a traditional supervisor, b. challenges associated with unconventional paths, a. self-assessment of research expertise and autonomy, b. research topic alignment with chosen approach, c. research field and standards, d. program recognition and accreditation, e. interaction with advisory committees or mentors, a. thoroughly research and vet institutions/programs, b. seek advice from academic mentors and professionals, c. create a clear research plan and timeline, d. establish a network for collaboration and feedback, e. regularly assess progress and adjust as needed.

Before We Close........

Introduction

A PhD supervisor, also referred to as a doctoral advisor or guide, plays a pivotal role in the pursuit of a PhD degree. This individual is an experienced researcher and scholar who provides comprehensive guidance, mentorship, and oversight to the doctoral candidate throughout the research journey. The supervisor’s role extends beyond mere academic instruction; they offer valuable insights into research methodology, assist in formulating research questions, guide literature reviews, help design experiments, offer constructive feedback on drafts, and aid in navigating the intricacies of the academic landscape. Essentially, a PhD supervisor acts as a compass, steering the candidate towards the successful completion of their research goals.

Example: Dr Emily Hughes, a renowned physicist at Prestige University, exemplifies the role of a PhD supervisor. She mentors her students not only in the theoretical aspects of their research but also encourages them to attend international conferences and collaborate with experts from other institutions. Her guidance not only shapes the student’s academic progress but also nurtures their growth as well-rounded researchers.

The traditional PhD process is characterized by a structured and hierarchical model of supervision. Typically, a doctoral candidate identifies a research area of interest and seeks out a suitable supervisor within their chosen field. Once the supervisor agrees to oversee the candidate’s research, they collaboratively refine the research proposal and outline a plan for the research journey. The candidate then carries out the research, frequently meeting with the supervisor for discussions and updates. The supervisor’s expertise guides the candidate through challenges, validates research methods, and ensures that the work aligns with academic standards. Finally, the candidate submits their thesis or dissertation for evaluation, with the supervisor often playing a key role in assessing and providing feedback on the document.

Example: At Quantum Dynamics Institute, the traditional PhD process involves close collaboration between candidates and their supervisors. Dr Martin Chen, a professor of quantum physics, oversees the research of several candidates exploring the behaviour of subatomic particles. Through regular meetings and discussions, Dr Chen guides the candidates in selecting appropriate research methodologies, analyzing complex data, and refining their hypotheses. This structured process ensures that candidates receive expert guidance while making significant contributions to the field.

In the following sections, we will explore unconventional paths that challenge the traditional PhD model, offering candidates the potential for greater autonomy and exploration in their research endeavours.

A. Unconventional Approaches

Self-directed PhDs : In this approach, candidates take on a significant degree of autonomy, acting as their own guide throughout the research journey. While there might be advisory committees or mentors, the candidate largely drives the research process, from topic selection to methodology and analysis. Example: Dr. Maria Thompson embarked on a self-directed PhD in environmental policy. With her extensive background in sustainable development, she independently designed a research project to analyze the impact of renewable energy policies in developing countries. She navigated the research landscape, identified relevant data sources, and formulated her findings, showcasing the potential of self-directed research.
Interdisciplinary Committee : Instead of a single supervisor, candidates work with a committee of advisors from different disciplines. This allows candidates to benefit from diverse perspectives and expertise, particularly when their research topic spans multiple fields. Example: At the Institute for Innovation Studies, candidates pursuing research at the intersection of technology and sociology have an interdisciplinary committee comprising experts from both fields. This unique approach ensures a well-rounded evaluation of the research, enriching its depth and breadth.
External Collaborations : Candidates collaborate closely with professionals from external organizations, such as industry or research institutes. These collaborations can provide candidates with real-world insights and resources beyond what a traditional academic supervisor might offer. Example: The Partnership for Space Exploration sponsors candidates in their PhD programs, with research topics related to space technology. The candidates work closely with engineers, scientists, and researchers from space agencies, ensuring the practical relevance of their research.
Online/Distance Programs : Some PhD programs are conducted entirely online, allowing candidates to work remotely while pursuing their research. These programs often incorporate virtual discussions and online platforms to facilitate interaction with peers and mentors. Example: The Global Health Research Institute offers an online PhD program in public health. Candidates from different corners of the world collaborate on projects and engage with professors through virtual seminars, illustrating the potential of technology to bridge geographical distances.
Practice-based Research : In creative fields like arts, design, and music, candidates may engage in practice-based research. This approach emphasizes the creation of artistic works or designs as part of the research process, with academic analysis and reflection supporting the creative endeavour. Example: At the School of Visual Arts, candidates pursuing practice-based PhDs in photography explore innovative techniques while critically evaluating their impact on storytelling. Their research contributions include both artistic portfolios and scholarly theses.

B. Examples of Institutions/Programs Offering Unconventional Paths

European Graduate School (EGS) : EGS is renowned for its unconventional educational approach , encouraging self-directed and interdisciplinary research. Candidates at EGS often work closely with a personalized advisory committee rather than a traditional supervisor.
Open University of Catalonia (UOC) : UOC offers online and distance education programs , providing candidates with the flexibility to engage in research while balancing other commitments. The virtual nature of the program encourages candidates to collaborate with professionals in their respective fields.
Practice-based PhDs in Creative Fields : Institutions such as the Royal College of Art and the Berklee College of Music offer practice-based PhD programs, allowing candidates to engage in creative projects while integrating academic research.

These examples illustrate how diverse institutions are embracing unconventional approaches to PhD research, challenging traditional norms and fostering innovation in doctoral education.

Advantages and Challenges

Increased Autonomy : Unconventional PhD paths offer candidates a greater degree of autonomy over their research journey. Candidates are responsible for setting research goals, making decisions about methodologies, and managing their time effectively. Example: Jane Davis pursued a self-directed PhD in cultural anthropology, allowing her to shape her research trajectory. She was able to explore subtopics and methods of her interest, adapting her approach based on real-time discoveries during her fieldwork.
Unique Research Opportunities : Unconventional paths can lead to novel research opportunities that might not align with traditional academic trajectories. Candidates can pursue topics that are on the cutting edge or explore emerging interdisciplinary areas. Example: John Martinez engaged in external collaboration with a pharmaceutical company, examining the environmental impact of a new drug manufacturing process. This partnership provided him access to industry data and resources, enhancing the real-world relevance of his research.
Flexibility in Research Direction : Without a strict supervisor guiding the research, candidates can pivot their research directions based on emerging trends, unexpected findings, or personal interests, allowing for a more dynamic research process. Example: Sarah Patel started her practice-based PhD in music composition. As she experimented with new digital instruments, her research direction evolved to focus on the intersection of artificial intelligence and music, a direction she could pursue due to the flexibility of her program.
Lack of Structured Guidance : One of the primary challenges of pursuing a PhD without a traditional supervisor is the potential lack of structured guidance. Candidates might struggle to set clear milestones, develop effective methodologies, and receive regular feedback on their progress. Example: Michael Johnson, pursuing a PhD in experimental psychology through an online program, found himself struggling to maintain a consistent research focus without regular in-person meetings with an advisor.
Academic Rigor and Credibility Concerns : The absence of a traditional supervisor might raise concerns about the rigour and credibility of the research. A strong academic foundation and adherence to disciplinary standards become crucial to ensure the research maintains its integrity. Example: Julia Carter faced scepticism during her self-directed PhD in economics. To address credibility concerns, she conducted extensive literature reviews, attended conferences to present her findings, and sought feedback from experts in her field.
Limited Networking Opportunities : Traditional supervisors often provide candidates with networking opportunities, introducing them to other researchers, collaborators, and potential employers. Pursuing an unconventional path might result in fewer networking avenues. Example: David Lee, enrolled in an interdisciplinary committee-based PhD program, found that he had to be proactive in seeking networking opportunities with experts from different fields, as he didn’t have a single supervisor connecting him to the academic community.

These advantages and challenges highlight the multifaceted nature of pursuing a PhD without a traditional supervisor. While autonomy and uniqueness can be invigorating, candidates must also address the potential hurdles that arise due to the lack of structured guidance and networking opportunities.

Considerations Before Choosing an Unconventional Path

Before embarking on an unconventional PhD path, candidates must evaluate their own research expertise and autonomy. An in-depth understanding of the research process, methodologies, and scholarly writing is essential for successful self-directed or collaborative research.

Example: Melissa Rogers, an experienced archaeologist, chose an unconventional PhD path that involved external collaborations with indigenous communities. Her robust background in fieldwork and cultural sensitivity enabled her to navigate complex community dynamics and effectively contribute to the research.

The chosen unconventional approach should align with the research topic and goals. Candidates should critically assess whether their research lends itself well to the selected path, such as interdisciplinary committees or practice-based exploration.

Example: Ethan Mitchell’s research on climate change and urban planning led him to pursue an interdisciplinary committee-based PhD. By collaborating with experts in environmental science, urban design, and policy, Ethan could address the multifaceted nature of his research topic.

Candidates must consider the norms and standards of their research field when opting for an unconventional path. They should ensure that the chosen approach doesn’t compromise the academic rigour and integrity expected in their discipline.

Example: Rebecca Thompson’s pursuit of an unconventional practice-based PhD in dance required her to intertwine artistic expression with rigorous scholarly analysis. By adhering to the standards of both the dance and academic communities, she successfully navigated this hybrid path.

Thoroughly researching the recognition and accreditation of the chosen institution or program is paramount. Candidates should verify that the program holds credible academic standing and that their degree will be widely recognized in their field.

Example: Eric Peterson’s online PhD program in artificial intelligence was accredited by a reputable accrediting body, ensuring that his degree would be respected by employers and academic institutions alike.

For paths involving committees or mentors, candidates should assess the quality and accessibility of interaction with these advisors. Adequate communication channels are crucial to receiving feedback, addressing challenges, and maintaining a sense of guidance.

Example: Maria Sanchez engaged in a practice-based PhD in visual arts with a committee of experts. Regular virtual meetings allowed her to receive feedback on her creative work and theoretical analyses, ensuring a comprehensive research experience.

By thoroughly considering these factors, candidates can make informed decisions about pursuing unconventional PhD paths that align with their strengths, goals, and research aspirations. Each consideration contributes to the foundation of a successful and meaningful doctoral journey.

Steps to Navigate an Unconventional PhD Path

Start by thoroughly researching institutions and programs that offer unconventional PhD paths. Investigate their reputation, faculty expertise, success stories of previous candidates, and accreditation status to ensure the credibility and quality of the program.

Example: Sarah Johnson spent several months researching online PhD programs in educational technology. She compared course offerings, faculty profiles, and student testimonials before selecting a program that aligned with her research goals.

Before committing to an unconventional path, seek advice from experienced academic mentors and professionals in your field. Their insights can help you assess whether the chosen approach is suitable for your research aspirations and provide valuable guidance.

Example: David Carter consulted his former professors and colleagues when considering an interdisciplinary committee-based PhD. Their feedback helped him weigh the pros and cons of this approach based on his research topic and career aspirations.

Develop a comprehensive research plan that outlines your research objectives, methodologies, milestones, and expected outcomes. Establishing a clear timeline helps you stay organized and ensures steady progress throughout your PhD journey.

Example: Maria Hernandez devised a detailed research plan for her self-directed PhD in environmental policy. Her plan included data collection phases, analysis milestones, and scheduled breaks to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Build a network of collaborators, mentors, and peers who can provide valuable feedback and support. Engage in regular discussions and knowledge-sharing to enhance the quality of your research and address challenges.

Example: Daniel Lee joined an online PhD program in economics and actively participated in virtual forums and research groups. Through these interactions, he formed connections with fellow candidates and professors who provided diverse perspectives on his research.

Continuously assess your progress against your research plan and adjust as necessary. Regularly reflect on your accomplishments, challenges, and areas for improvement to ensure that you remain on track toward your research goals.

Example: Nicole Adams conducted quarterly self-assessments of her practice-based PhD in music composition. She reflected on her artistic growth, research insights, and feedback received, allowing her to fine-tune her research direction and methodologies.

By following these steps, candidates can navigate the complexities of unconventional PhD paths with purpose and diligence. A well-structured approach, informed decision-making, and a supportive network contribute to a rewarding and successful doctoral journey.

Before We Close……..

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Dear fellow researchers,

If you are a PhD research scholar or planning to pursue PhD, I understand the value of time in your PhD journey. That’s why I have organized my blog posts related to PhD meticulously, categorizing more than 100 articles into various stages of PhD (from planning of PhD to careers after PhD).

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Happy researching!

Best regards,

Dr Vijay Rajpurohit

In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, the pursuit of a PhD has embarked on new horizons, challenging conventional norms and embracing innovative pathways. As we have journeyed through the realm of pursuing a PhD without a traditional supervisor, we have unearthed a realm of possibilities that empower researchers to chart their own intellectual odyssey. From self-directed exploration to interdisciplinary collaboration, from practice-based creativity to virtual connections, the unconventional paths that beckon offer a unique blend of autonomy, creativity, and real-world relevance.

However, as with any uncharted territory, these pathways come with their own set of considerations and complexities. The advantages of increased autonomy, access to unique research vistas, and the freedom to redefine research directions are coupled with challenges such as the need for self-guidance, maintaining academic rigor, and navigating a potential networking vacuum. It is the harmony of these advantages and challenges that adds depth to the pursuit of knowledge and innovation.

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Can You Get a PhD Without an Advisor?

How I learned to take charge of my education and ask questions of the world

April 7, 2017 | Patrick W.

I applied to MIT to study nuclear power policy with three top experts in the field. Any of them would be great advisor, so I decided to come to MIT. In the six months between when I visited campus and the start of classes, the first professor retired, the second was promoted out of the department and stopped doing research, and the third one died. My plan for getting a PhD was suddenly less clear.

I’d like to say I had a moment of inspiration and immediately knew what to do, but honestly, it wasn’t that easy. Not having an advisor during my first year significantly reduced my research workload, but it also complicated my class scheduling and funding. I dreaded conversations with faculty who would ask “Who are you working with?” After countless long nights thinking about my future, I finally decided that I wanted to do the work I thought was important, and I didn’t want to change my focus based on what the remaining faculty were doing. All I needed to do was figure out how to be my own advisor.

Nuclear power policy lies at the intersection of highly technical issues, tedious and exacting bureaucracies, and deeply contentious political debates. Without an advisor, I spent most of my first year asking myself what questions weren’t being asked or answered in this field. What didn’t we know? I read books on the history and debate about nuclear power, studied the economics and performance of nuclear power plants, learned about the potential for advanced nuclear power plants, and scanned news feeds daily for any stories on nuclear power. I did everything I could to get an idea of what the industry had done and looked for a blind spot. What hadn’t they figured out yet? What questions were going unanswered?

Trying to review an entire field for open questions wasn’t easy. I didn’t have guidance on what to research, and I didn’t have any classmates in the same position. What I did have was an understanding of why I came to MIT in the first place: I want to make nuclear power work. So what wasn’t working in nuclear power, and what weren’t other people thinking about? Well, nuclear engineers are pretty bad at explaining nuclear power and proving to non-engineers that nuclear plants are safe.

Why is the process of getting licenses and proving the safety of plants so hard? How can we improve interactions between nuclear engineers and the public? When I looked around, I realized that no one was talking about this. I had found my opening: How can we safely build and license a new generation of safer, innovatively designed nuclear power plants that are completely different than existing nuclear plants to help fight climate change? This is the question I’m at MIT to answer.

I’ve found that getting a PhD is all about the question: what new question can you ask of the world, why is the answer important, and what will you do to answer it? I n other words, if you don’t have a question in mind, having the best adviser isn’t going to necessarily help you.

An advisor can be an invaluable mentor to help understand the world, guide you towards your question, and find the best way to answer it. But at the end of the day, the PhD is about your question, not theirs. It’s about making your first novel contribution to a field, and while advisors can make the process a lot easier, it’s important to remember why you’re doing the work in the first place. Many graduate students find themselves without an advisor at some point, and that’s a great time to remember what brought you to graduate school and what questions you want to answer.

All this being said, don’t think that I’m disavowing academia completely. The answer to my question will lay at the intersection of the work of all the faculty in my department. In some ways, I need to leverage their expertise and experience so my answers make sense on their terms. Eventually, I’ll need to get an advisor (inside or outside of MIT) to review and sign off on my thesis, but I’ve still got a few years to figure that out. Why rush? For now, I’m answering a question important to the future of nuclear power and I’m in the place I need to be to answer it.

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What is the route to a postdoc without a PhD supervisor?

I really like my PhD! I'm a 3rd year and need to begin thinking about next steps.

I've found the area of physics I can truly get behind (and I've engaged with a lot of different topics, in and out of physics). The catch? I have no scientific supervision.

My funding arrangements 'changed' somewhat; my funding is no longer tied to a national laboratory and the associated horrors. This left only one supervisor - a busy professor who runs many things. I used the opportunity to radically change the focus of the PhD and I'm exploring methods that my supervisor has no clue about whatsoever . My supervisor doesn't try to direct me/the work, instead choosing to review any additions to my thesis. We get on okay, and I like this arrangement. I feel that I'm producing new results (truthfully not so much of that before), and I feel sure I want to continue in physics (not necessarily in the exact area I'm in; just so long as it uses the methods I'm becoming involved with).

With a view to postdocs, I feel I'm nailing the independent research skills - from setting the research question to its execution, I'm a one-man-research team. However, I cannot escape the concerns that I could be a better researcher if I had an expert guide me. On a purely practical level, I also need references to apply for a postdoc. Where is that going to come from now? Most of the group are spread out in various (external) labs, so I don't interact with anyone except my supervisor now.

What path should I consider taking if I want to remain in research given little-to-no supervisor input?

recommendation-letter

19 Offhand... I'd worry that you're orphan-izing yourself. No one will be able to give you substantive letters of recommendation, comments on your work, etc. Eventually, sure, we all do want to be independent of "judgement", but, to my perception, you are trying this far toooo early. – paul garrett Commented Jan 29 at 0:13
8 "I don't interact with anyone except my supervisor now." This is the core of the problem, the rest of your concerns are consequences of this. Obtain travel funding, visit other groups working on your topic. In particular, visit the groups where you would potentially like to do a postdoc. Work on establishing in-person relationships with significant researchers in your subfield. – Adam Přenosil Commented Jan 29 at 12:29
1 @EarlGrey That is the most bizarre statement I have seen in a long time. A PHD advisor is not going to have you fill out forms, they’re going to teach you how to do research. Without an advisor you still have to do all the same paperwork to get your PHD, but without any help. Imagine spending 4 years writing a thesis, and then the reviewers are like “no, this is shite, this is not a PHD.” – Cris Luengo Commented Jan 30 at 15:24
1 @CrisLuengo It's strange to respond to "I used the opportunity to radically change the focus of the PhD" with "What university are you at that they think this is OK?". How is it the university's fault that the OP proactively decided that they want to change the topic of their PhD? Or is the university somehow obliged to provide supervision for whatever topics a PhD student decides to pursue on their own in the middle of their PhD studies? – Adam Přenosil Commented Jan 30 at 23:22
1 @Michael_1812 I've got 1.5-2 years before I have submit my thesis. I probably don't mind whether the US or Europe. In terms of what I do, whilst I don't want to go into specifics as I'm now concerned my situation is so different (ergo identifyiable) that I'll just say that I'm working in a computational area. Although I wouldn't describe myself as a theorist (to me that's pen & paper), I think in practise a lot of computational (computing-based) physics research is hosted under the auspicses of theory groups. Does make me worry - they're not exactly known to be fountains of funding! – RealDisinformation Commented Feb 1 at 8:20

6 Answers 6

I think you're in a dangerous spot. A PhD is a research apprenticeship. If an electrician apprentice told you that they don't actually have anyone guiding them but they're doing a real good job connecting wires together and feeling really confident they found electricity because they're seeing sparks creating lots of light and everything and that seems like most of the job, I think you'd be worried.

Lots of people come here with problems finding a letter of recommendation after their PhD because their advisor suddenly turned evil when the student wanted something reasonable like to graduate, or stopped responding, or died. You may have the same problem as them or your token advisor may write some brilliant letter for you despite their lack of involvement, who knows. I'm more worried that you aren't getting the day to day research mentorship. I'm worried when your thesis is done you'll find it's not actually as good as you thought it was, for reasons you could never have been expected to grasp on your own. Research isn't easy. PhD programs wouldn't exist if everyone could just automatically do research on their own without guidance.

I don't know how you should move to find a real advisor, but I think it's something you should consider necessary and act accordingly. Maybe collaboration is the way to go, and maybe your advisor can help you find collaborators that you can work with more directly. This might disrupt your preferred workflow but I don't think that workflow is sustainable at the career stage you're at. Maybe I'm wrong, but if I'm right I'd hate for you to have lost the chance to move on.

5 "If an electrician apprentice told you that they don't actually have anyone guiding them but they're doing a real good job connecting wires together and feeling really confident they found electricity because they're seeing sparks creating lots of light and everything and that seems like most of the job, I think you'd be worried." Right, but you'd be reassured if that apprentice electrician passed the summative assessments and got the NVQ; similarly, you'd be reassured if the PhD student passed the PhD and/or got some peer-reviewed papers published, no? – Daniel Hatton Commented Jan 29 at 11:32
3 There are many instances of bad or very light supervision of PhDs, several of the students are good and well qualified anyway and some will make their way into an academic career (personally I had a supervisor who did what he could and did it well, however due to illness he was basically absent 80% of the time I did my PhD). I think this answer is too negative on the possibility of doing good work and learning well without much supervision. – Christian Hennig Commented Jan 29 at 11:48
4 @ChristianHennig I worry a bit about survivorship bias in that sort of thing. For every one that continues on academia how many don't even finish the PhD? It's possible of course but I don't believe it's the best path for someone early enough in the process to adjust. – Bryan Krause ♦ Commented Jan 29 at 11:54
2 Generally I'm rather wary of the mindset according to which the quality of a young researcher is mainly a product of the quality of their supervisor. I am aware that some people in admission commissions look at the names of the recommendation letter writers in the first place in order to assess an applicant. I think that this is very bad for academia and part of why some fields are rightly accused of being old (white) boy networks.Of course being realistic I have to acknowledge that it happens in some places, but good luck to everyone who gets in using a more self guided approach! – Christian Hennig Commented Jan 29 at 12:10
2 @ChristianHennig It's not just lack of supervision, they're not interacting regularly with anyone who can give them feedback. – Bryan Krause ♦ Commented Jan 29 at 13:34

I also did a PhD in a group where there was no expertise in what I did, only tangential one, making me a bit of a scientific orphan.

I am still in academia and I think doing OK, so it is possible to get a postdoc after a PhD like that. I will describe my experience, which may be generalizable, or may be I was lucky, take it with a grain of salt.

What I did after my PhD is find a postdoc in exactly the field I did my PhD in. This helped because even with little interaction with researchers on my field, I still had 4 years of work experience on it, so you learn something. Using @Bryan's allegory, I would actually trust an electrician that learned everything by themselves, if they have been learning for 4 years and can show successful completed projects (papers). That said, moving into a group doing the same thing I had been working on for 4 years helped me pick up a ton of things that I should have learned in my PhD, but hadn't, so with a bit of hard work, (I think) I got myself into the expected level of a supervised PhD+postoc by the end of my postdoc, i.e. I used the postdoc opportunity to catch up with everyone else.

While your concerns for finding a postdoc are completely valid, it will indeed be much easier to find one if you already show expertise on the exact field of the job, rather than a tangential one. Reference letters are super important, but proven experience doing the actual job counts more, I think.

1 My experience resonates with yours, although I did less of the catch-up during the postdoc, because I was already thinking what to do next, so I skipped the catch up and I worked on the part "how to optimize complementary knowledge to get fundings". To add another anedoctal point: I got a professorship afterwards. – EarlGrey Commented Jan 30 at 13:24

In my view a major thing is that you need to make yourself known. Particularly go to conferences, present your work, and talk with people who do related things. If at all possible it is also good to do visits or even internships at research groups that do related works. Also always look for funding opportunities. Contacts are needed for moving forward in Academia, as is initiative in aspects other than just doing good research and learning, particularly when it comes to securing funding. A supervisor who helps you to get to the right places and know the right people can help a lot. If you don't have such a supervisor, you've got to try a bit harder, but for sure it can work out.

1 I would add to "talk to people who do related things" the sentence "and try to arrange a visit at their group of some weeks/months. OP is a bit late to do so, but it is very helpful for OP to spend some time in a group doing what OP is doing, to learn some "tricks of the field" and even to get a possible reference (I stress the helpful , not necessary). – EarlGrey Commented Jan 30 at 13:26
@EarlGrey Good point, added. – Christian Hennig Commented Jan 30 at 16:26

Get in touch with the people in physics that would care about your work. If your work is on arxiv, send a link around. Go to small conferences where you can network with people who might be potential postdoc advisors. If they find you smart and personable in face to face interactions, then a letter becomes less important.

Find co-authors in your field

Others have pointed out the precariousness of your approach. However, if you intend to pursue this course, there are tactics to minimize the risk, and this is one of them.

A senior co-author can provide many (though not all) of the things an absent supervisor can. They can teach you certain tricks of the publication process, put you in touch with other people in the field, and provide tailored advice. More importantly, they can support you in your search for the next job.

This isn't easy to do at first. It helps if you have some results (pre)-published already. After that, you just need to be bold. Go to conferences and workshops. If there's budget for it, an internship/research visit at a lab in your field might be a good idea (and your supervisor is likely to see the benefit of it).

I think it is important to be aware that your current perception of your situation is just that, your perception. It may or may not be what your advisor views you as (nor is it true that their perception of you is accurate).

I can give you some anecdotal experience from my end as both a graduate student and an advisor.

As a graduate student I was very independent, though I had a great relationship with my Ph.D. advisor. I managed to publish prolifically with his help, but my projects were tangential to his (in my fields, this is less common, you work as a lab group not as individual researchers). I was frustrated things would take longer because "he had no clue about all these advanced things I knew". In reality he was focused on other items which were more germane to his interests, and as I look back now, equally if not more interesting to what I came up with. So while I did learn independence, I likely could have benefited more from his direct expertise. It's been a long time since I graduated now, but I still keep in touch with my advisor - as a friend. We email back and forth, we text, ask each other for advice etc. I can truly appreciate how absolutely brilliant this man is beneath his soft-spoken and easy-going demeanor. I wish I took more advantage of that as a student. I think at this stage of my career I am more successful than he was (numbers wise), but I don't think I will ever have his deep insight, which I lost out on because I was just too smart to humble myself and learn from him.

As an advisor, I have had brilliant independent students, and I have also had un-coachable students. I have had more of the latter than the former. You may think you are a brilliant independent researcher, but you may just be perceived as un-coachable, but smart enough to get through a PhD (which is your case? I have no clue, that's between you and your advisor). Do not fall into the latter trap. Take advantage of the support structure inherent to being a student and learn from it, and harness it so you can grow into a well-rounded researcher.

People tend to repeat situations, and you may just find yourself as a postdoc with an advisor who also has "no clue whatsoever" about all the brilliant things you do. Maybe the role of the advisor is not to know every minutiae of your approach, but rather help guide you towards becoming a better independent researcher - part of that is you actively and openly engaging with them towards that goal.

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The Savvy Scientist

Experiences of a London PhD student and beyond

PhD FAQs – A Complete Beginner’s Guide to Doctoral Study

Tempted to do a PhD but have lots of questions? Hopefully this collection of popular PhD FAQs will help you to tick a few off the list!

Note – If you’re already sure that you want to do a PhD, and are looking for guidance on the applications process, check out my post on How to apply for a PhD which includes advice from successful PhD applicants. My post-PhD reflections on the things I regretted from my own PhD may be useful for you too, you can find that post here .

Let’s start with the absolute basics of PhDs!

What does PhD stand for?

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. Doctor of Philosophy ? No matter which subject area your PhD is in you’ll become a Doctor of Philosophy because philosophy derives from Greek to mean “Love of wisdom” which make a bit more sense.

What is a PhD?

A PhD is a type of research degree classified as a doctorate. You get a PhD by doing original research into a topic, typically for at least three years.

There are loads of other types of doctorate and a PhD is simply the most common. EngD is another which is relatively common for industry-funded engineering students here in the UK.

PhD & DPhil what’s the difference?

There is no real difference between a PhD and DPhil, they’re both Doctor of Philosophy qualifications. A small number of historic institutions in the UK such as Oxford and York offer DPhils but the degree itself is equivalent.

How common are PhDs amongst the population?

Approximately 1% of the working population (25-64 years old) have a PhD. This varies a lot by country:

Can you call yourself Doctor with a PhD?

Yes you can. Though to avoid confusion with medical doctors, rarely will PhD-holders use the “Dr” title outside of their workplace.

Sometimes PhD-holders will add the abbreviation PhD after their name if they want to make it clear they are a non-medical doctor, for example “Jeff Clark PhD”.

What have I done about my title since getting my PhD? Nothing so far!

Why do a PhD?

Unlike a lot of other degrees, most PhD students get paid to study . Read more in the finances section below.

There are lots of potential reasons to want to do a PhD. The PhD students from our monthly PhD Profiles series said the following:

Sara found research the most enjoyable part of her undergraduate degree and a PhD was a way to carry on with research.

Ornob wants to pursue a career in evolutionary biology so began with a PhD in the field.

Vivienne has aspirations to be a professor so a PhD is a job requirement to progress in academia.

Jeff (me!) had an interest in the field and enjoyed research. I wrote a whole post with a deep dive on why I decided to do a PhD here .

Floor had enjoyed research during her Masters and didn’t think that she wanted a career in industry, so decided to do a PhD.

It’s important to mention that you don’t need to have a desire to stay in academia to do a PhD. In fact, even if you do want to go into academia afterwards, it’s probably good to know early on just how competitive it can be. Many people sadly cannot make a career out of academia long term.

Enjoy the subject matter and want to spend a few years researching it? That is reason enough to do a PhD. I’ve also now written a whole post about the benefits of having a PhD .

Applying for a PhD

Do you need a masters degree to do a phd.

No you don’t necessarily need a Masters degree to do a PhD as long as you can demonstrate you’d be suitable for a PhD without it.

For a more in-depth answer see the separate post here :

Can You Get a PhD Without a Master’s?

If you don’t have a Masters, I’d recommend checking out Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) which offer combined Masters + PhD courses. We have discussed CDTs with a graduate in Floor’s post here .

What grades do you need to do a PhD?

Entry requirements for PhDs can vary. In regards to the UK system usually you’d generally be expected to have at least a 2:1 from your undergraduate degree, plus some research experience.

My experience : I (narrowly) got first class honours in my undergrad (MEng) which certainly does help. But if you can demonstrate aptitude in research you usually don’t need a 1:1. It would be expected for you to have done well in any research projects. If you can get your name on a publication then even better!

The easiest way to find out what is expected is to check the PhD advert for entry requirements. For details on applying for a PhD, including how to find PhD adverts, check out my guide here :

How to apply for a PhD

I work in industry, can I come back and do a PhD?

Absolutely! I worked for almost four years between finishing my first degree and starting my PhD.

A PhD is more similar to a job than any other point in your education, so if you’ve spent time in a structured role it can provide you with a good work ethic. If your time in industry adds relevant skills and experience to your application, even better!

I’ve met loads of people older than me who are pursuing PhDs. If it’s your dream, it’s never too late to start a PhD!

What is the social life of a PhD student like?

Let me get this out the way first: PhD students should be able to have a life outside of the lab! If a PhD student has no time away from research I would personally suggest that they were doing things wrong.

Even if you really enjoy your project, it is good for your mental health to have a social life!

No matter the size of your research group there are often departmental and university-wide events. Plus, besides everyone you may meet through your research and department, PhD students can still join societies and sports clubs through the students’ union. I spent one of my birthdays during my PhD on the beach in Morocco with the surf club, don’t let being a PhD student put your off getting involved!

Check out the full post I’ve written: Do PhD Students Have a Social Life? Sharing My Experiences Making Friends and Avoiding PhD Loneliness

If you do go on to do a PhD, make sure to make the most of all the opportunities ! Your time as a PhD student is fantastic for personal growth.

How much holiday do PhD students get?

Sadly unlike undergraduates, PhD students don’t follow fixed semesters. This means no more three month long summer holiday, sorry!

However most departments recommend PhD students take 7-8 weeks of holiday a year , which is more than practically any job outside of academia.

I kept track of all the time off I took during my PhD and you can find the details here , including a month by month breakdown:

Do PhD Students Get Holidays? Sharing How Much Annual Leave I Take

Getting a PhD

How much work is a phd.

For a month I tracked how many hours I was working and what I was working on, so you can see a breakdown of my calendar here . I found I was working for roughly 40 hours a week. Now that I’ve recently finished my PhD, I’d say that that amount of hours was pretty representative of the whole PhD.

How Much Work is a PhD?

I do of course know some people who worked much longer hours, but most PhD students were on a similar schedule to me. Working roughly 9-5 on weekdays. Treat it like a job and you’ll be fine. PhD students don’t need to be slaving away long hours.

I managed to be strict with my time, largely avoiding work late nights or going in at the weekends. One of the main perks of doing a PhD is that you have autonomy and can be flexible with when you work. As long as you get the work done, any reasonable supervisor won’t mind when you’re there.

Yes I’ve heard stories of PhD students having to clock in and out with an expectation that they spend a certain number of hours in the office. I personally think this is stupid and doesn’t build trust. Try to speak to current PhD students from the group when choosing a supervisor .

How is a PhD assessed?

What you submit at the end of your research varies between universities and countries. Sometimes it’s a thesis and other times it can be a bunch of published papers. In all situations you give some kind of presentation and answer questions about your work.

In the UK you usually submit a thesis in preparation for a viva voce . The viva is an oral exam where you discuss your research with several academics and at least one will be an expert in your field. My viva wasn’t as scary as I thought it might be, but nonetheless it was five hours ( FIVE HOURS! ) long. At the end of your viva you’ll get told the outcome of your PhD with any changes to be made to your thesis.

There is often no requirement , to publish your work in journals during a PhD in the UK but it does help.

In other countries you may have to publish a certain number to pass your PhD and effectively these can be submitted instead of the thesis. This approach makes much more sense to me.

How long does it take to get a PhD?

In the UK, typically between three and four years to complete your research and submit the thesis. It can then take a few months for the exam (viva voce) to take place and then for any corrections to the thesis to be made.

Nosey about my PhD? For me personally, I started the PhD on 1st October 2016, submitted my thesis on 17th February 2020, had the viva on 25th March, submitted my minor corrections on 30th March and had the email to say it was officiated on 1st April 2020. Yep, April Fool’s Day…

When you realise your degree certificate will forever say your PhD was awarded on April Fools Day! #academiclife @imperialcollege pic.twitter.com/hKsGFyuc0x — Jeff Clark (@savvy_scientist) April 14, 2020

We cover all the stages of a PhD here, including putting the length of a PhD in the perspective of a whole career:

How Long Does It Take To Get A PhD?

Are PhDs really difficult?

No, well not how you might think.

You don’t need to be a genius, but you do have to be smart with how you work. Here I go into how a PhD is pretty different to all the prior years spent in education:

How Hard is a PhD?

Check out my new post covering academic challenges and failures relating to my own PhD: Overcoming Academic Challenges and Failure During a PhD

Money-Related Questions

How much does a phd cost.

If you have funding, which is explained below, all your fees are paid for by the funding source. If you are looking to self-fund, then you’ll have to pay bench-fees/tuition fees, which are usually approximately £4,000 a year for home students in the UK.

Fees vary massively depending on both the country the PhD work takes place in and where you’re from. For example, I believe Australian universities charge around $100,000 in fees to overseas PhD students. Of course ideally you have funding which covers both this and pays a stipend!

Do PhD students pay taxes?

In the UK, PhD students do not pay income tax, national insurance, council tax and student loan repayments. This means that if you can secure funding, even though you may earn less than friends in typical jobs, you get to keep all your earnings!

Do PhD students get paid?

Most PhDs, at least in STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) get a stipend: basically a tax-free salary.

How much do PhD students get paid?

At the time of writing, most PhD students in the UK get around £16,000 a year . Doesn’t sound like a lot, but:

As mentioned above, you don’t pay income tax, national insurance, council tax or make any student loan repayments. My most popular post is this one , comparing the income of PhD students vs grad jobs and the difference really isn’t that big. Plus it’s only for 3 to 3.5 years!
You’re getting paid to learn science, working on something you’re really interested in. It’s amazing.
You have a lot more freedom than practically any “proper job”.
You’re getting paid, to be a student…

PhD Salary UK: How Much Do PhD Students Get Paid Compared to Graduates?

In summary, PhD stipends are really not that different to grad starting salaries. Please don’t be put off from a PhD simply because for a few years you might be earning a bit less than if you were working in another job.

Depending on what you want to do with your career, having a CV may lead to higher salaries. What is 3 years of lower wages out of a 40+ year career? The answer: nothing!

Where do I find PhD funding?

Getting funding will likely be the biggest hurdle for you to secure a PhD. I have a post here detailing the different types of funding and how you can find a project with funding attached.

How to Find PhD Funding in the UK

Can you self-fund a PhD?

Yes you can self-fund a PhD, and some students are in a position to do so. Just be careful that you account for university fees and not just your living costs.

Are you allowed to have another job at the same time?

Most universities encourage you to get involved with work within your department as a graduate teaching assistant (GTA). Some countries even insist that you work a certain number of hours as part of a contract for your monthly stipend.

Working as a GTA you might be invigilating exams, helping in tutorials, marking coursework etc and at Imperial you usually earn around £15-£26 an hour.

If you’re looking to work a full time job in tandem with your PhD (and doing the PhD full time), it is best checking your university’s policy. Some may have regulations against you working over a certain number of hours which could impede you from concentrating on the PhD.

There are extra ways to make money on the side which I address here :

How to Earn Money Online for Students

Can you get a mortgage as a PhD student?

Since I did my PhD in London I didn’t even consider buying somewhere during my PhD. I’m not interested in being tied into a massive mortgage for 25 years to buy a shoebox!

If I’d accepted my PhD offer for a CDT at Leeds I certainly would have tried to buy somewhere with my partner. I found this page useful when doing research. Buying a property with a partner who has a normal job would definitely make the mortgage application a whole lot more successful.

Will a PhD help your career?

This depends on what you want to do with your career. Some example scenarios:

Staying in academia – a PhD is usually required
Certain technical jobs in industry – a PhD may be required or a big bonus
Non-technical jobs – a bonus

I do not imagine any scenarios where having a PhD is worse than not having one. It is true though that for certain careers there may be other things you could do which would be a better use of your time, for example gaining more direct work experience.

If you want to do a PhD that shouldn’t stop you though, and considering the length of your career taking a few years out for a PhD is inconsequential.

Whichever career path you fancy taking, if you are at all interested in doing a PhD I think you should at least apply.

PhDs in London

Can someone afford to live in london as a phd student.

Yes! I lived in London for my PhD and actually was able to save money every single month while taking many holidays and not living in a tent.

I have a few posts sharing my experiences living in London which you may find useful:

For a month last year I tracked all my expenses to get an idea of my costs living in London as a student, you can find it here .

Sharing my monthly living expenses as a student in London: September 2019

Related to reducing costs, I learned to cycle in London and loved it. It saved me about £100 a month too!

Learning to cycle in London: my first 1000 miles

On top of that, for the whole of 2019 (third year PhD) I tracked my money, and the report is here :

My personal finances report for 2019

Where is good to live in London?

I’ve lived in three different houses during my PhD in London and have a pretty good idea now of good places to live in London. You can read this whole post talking about living in London as a student and the associated costs including a breakdown of rent :

London student accommodation: Breaking down the cost of living in London for students

Bonus: Read the journeys of PhD students

Before I started my PhD I had a ton of questions and nobody who I could ask about their experience. The reality is that many of these PhD FAQs have a variety of answers as everyone’s PhD story is different. Therefore if you’d like to hear first hand from people who are going through the journey check out my series of PhD profiles , with a new profile every month. You can also discover some of their top tips for applying!

If you’d like personalised help with your PhD application I am now starting to offer a small number of one-to-one sessions. Please contact me to find out more or click here to book a call.

Is there anything else you’d like to know to help with a potential PhD application? Let me know and I’ll write about it! You can subscribe to stay up to date here:

The Five Most Powerful Lessons I Learned During My PhD

8th August 2024 8th August 2024

5th February 2024 4th July 2024

The Benefits of Having a PhD

7th September 2022 30th January 2024

Privacy Overview

PhD Admission Guide

Gain admission to your dream school, guide to phd admission.

While some students swear off further education after undergrad, some love the thrill of intellectual discovery and research. For these students, graduate school is a natural choice. Graduate degrees are separated into “professional” and “academic” categories. Professional degrees are JDs and MDs, while academic degrees are PhDs (literally “Doctorates of Philosophy” regardless of what field you actually study).

Whether or not you need to pursue a PhD depends entirely on what career you wish to have. Some require higher education, while many others do not. In this guide we’ll go over how to apply to PhD programs, what they are looking for, and how the application process works. This guide is focused on the US and Canada; Europe has a system which is simultaneously similar and very different.

What PhD Programs Look For

PhD programs want to make sure you are prepared academically for the rigors of the program, and that you have a concrete research goal in mind. PhD programs culminate with each student answering a research question they devise, contributing new knowledge to the world in the process.

Thus these programs seek to evaluate your intellectual ability, research goals, previous research experience, and how you will contribute to their program. To determine this, they ask for the following:

Letters of Recommendation

We’ll go through each of these in turn, and explain what graduate programs are looking for from each.

Your GPA in undergrad is the single most important factor in PhD admissions. If your GPA is too low your application will be dismissed out of hand. While there are no hard limits, we suggest a minimum GPA of 3.5 for serious contention, especially at top schools. If your GPA is below 3.0 then you will likely not get admitted into any PhD programs.

The reason for this is that PhD programs are a lot of work. Being intelligent is necessary, but is far from sufficient alone. Everyone in PhD programs is intelligent, and everyone is also willing to do the work. Your GPA is seen as the primary indicator of your willingness and ability to do academic work to a high standard, and your preparation for the rigors of a PhD program.

Along with your overall GPA, schools request your major GPA. This is your GPA when calculated only using courses in your major. This is usually expected to be higher than your overall GPA. Your major GPA should be over 3.5.

While taking harder courses in undergrad is a great experience, they can also harm your overall GPA. Of course, the best approach is to take very hard classes and do well in them, but this is not always possible. We recommend taking a blend of courses, so you are never overloaded, and able to give each the attention it needs to do well.

Academic Preparation

Your GPA and transcript is also used to judge your academic preparation for the program. You should have a solid grounding in the field, and have taken advanced courses as well. Taking graduate level courses in undergrad can exemplify this.

Some PhD programs also require research languages. This is more common in the social sciences and humanities, but all students will benefit from knowing other languages well enough to do research in them. You should look up language requirements when researching programs to apply to.

The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is a standardized test meant for students who intend to apply to graduate programs. Both MA and PhD programs ask for GRE scores. Much like the SAT or ACT in college exams, the test is meant to be a standardized measure of academic preparation and logical skill.

The test consists of six sections. The first is writing, next are two on verbal reasoning, then two on quantitative reasoning, and finally a research or experimental section, meant to test new questions. The entire test is offered on the computer, with one minute breaks after each section, and a ten minute break after the third section. While there is also a paper-based test, almost all testing is now done on a computer. Due to the pandemic, both testing centers and at-home testing are offered. The GRE is a multi-stage test, and how well you do on earlier sections determines the difficulty of later sections and questions.

The verbal sections each consist of 20 questions, to be answered over 30 minutes. The whole is scored on a scale of 130-170. The quantitative section is scored the same, and consists of two 20 question sections, each of which should be completed in 35 minutes. The writing section is scored from 0-6. For this section, you write an essay on a given issue in 30 minutes, and offer a response critiquing a provided argument for 30 minutes.

Your total score from the GRE is given from 130-170. While the exact scores you need to enter graduate school vary, higher is better. In addition, some programs only care about your verbal score, while others only care about your quantitative score. How much weight each program puts on GRE scores varies greatly.

We recommend studying for the GRE for some time before testing. You can take the GRE up to five times per year, but must wait at least 21 days between testing dates. Only scores from the past 5 years will be released or considered by graduate programs.

Curriculum Vitae

This is akin to a resume, but is dissimilar enough that the two cannot be used interchangeably. The purpose of a CV is, like a resume, to detail what you have accomplished academically and in your career. It is far more focused on academics however, and is widely used for academic careers.

We recommend finding a template for a CV online, or asking your college’s advisors for help in creating one. If you already have a resume, then you will easily be able to convert it into a CV.

What admissions officers are looking for in your activities is primarily signs of research. This should be in whatever field you intend to pursue a PhD in. Publications are also incredibly valuable. All of academia runs on publication, and getting an early start helps your career at every step.

You should try to do research while still in undergrad. What this looks like depends entirely on what field you are pursuing. While the research does not have to exactly line up with what you wish to pursue, it should teach you skills which are cross applicable. Higher level academic research has its own set of methods and language which must be learned, and students who are already familiar with the forms and structures of research have a leg up in graduate school.

Publication is not required, but is nice to see. If you have completed a master’s degree, you should have some publication history; of your thesis if nothing else. Speak with your academic advisors about getting your work published.

Each graduate school you apply to will ask for an essay. You will be able to use the same basic form for each, but will need to edit it to be about the particular program you are applying to. Most schools only require a single essay, although some programs ask for a second on diversity.

The purpose of this essay is to explain your research interests, what you have studied, your intended area of specialization, and what your focus will be on. Every PhD student is asking and trying to answer a very specific research question. This question forms the basis of their dissertation, and will be the focus of your life for several years if you are accepted.

Thus the essay is the most important part of your application. Your grades and GRE are required to see if you are academically ready for graduate school, but the essay lets readers know if you are a match for their program, and serious about your research.

Your essay should begin by stating which program you are applying to, and why. Next, go through your previous academic experience in the field, both coursework and research. You don’t have to go through every class, but cover the ones most relevant to your desired research topic.

You should discuss any prior research you have done in the field. If you completed a thesis for your undergraduate degree or a master’s program, cover that here. If you have any publication credits, cover those as well. This should relate directly to the field you are trying to enter. If you wish to pursue lab work, discuss your previous experiences; if instead you are pursuing field work, talk about your experiences there.

Next you should talk about the research you specifically wish to pursue through a PhD. You don’t need to have an exact research question worked out, but it is helpful to have some idea; you should at least know the subfield you will be focusing on. The more specific you are, the better. Having some discussion of methodology can be nice, but is not always necessary.

If there are any ongoing research projects ongoing at the school you wish to work on, cover those next. You should discuss how these projects specifically relate to your own research interests. Finally, you should talk about which professors you wish to work with. Professors take on graduate students to advise, and you ideally want one with a specialization at least tangentially related to your field of interest. The more closely related the professor’s studies are to your own, the better.

You will be able to leave much of this essay the same for each school you apply to, changing only the name of the program, the research projects, and the professors you wish to work with.

This essay should be a page and a half to two pages long, single spaced. You should go into sufficient detail for those reading it to understand the research you want to pursue. These essays are reviewed by the faculty who run the department, and they make the admissions decisions for PhD programs. There are many more applicants than there are spaces, and admissions rates are low. The more specific and detailed you are in this essay, the better the faculty will understand your research aims, and the better your chances will be.

Diversity Statements

Not all programs ask for these, but you will likely be able to reuse the same essay for those that do. The purpose of the diversity statement is to see what unique points of view and experiences you will be able to contribute to the program. PhDs are about learning, and the more viewpoints and ideas within a program, the broader the experience will be.

If you are a member of an underrepresented group, an immigrant, come from an underprivileged background, or come from an area which is generally underrepresented, we suggest discussing that in this essay. You should not write an essay about your interactions with members of these groups, or a study abroad experience.

Above all, this essay should be authentic to you and your experience. The goal is to show how your background has shaped you as a person, and how it impacts your view of the world.

As with college applications, letters of recommendation are required for PhD admissions. These tell admissions committees who you are as a student and researcher, and give their opinion on how you will perform when doing graduate level work. Academic fields are small and often insular, and the professors writing your letters will often be known by those reading them, either by reputation or in person.

Programs ask for two to four letters. These should primarily come from professors who know you and your work well. If you had a thesis advisor, they should write one of your letters. If you’ve worked doing research for some time, then a mentor or lab director can also be a good source of a letter, even if they haven’t taught you in class. Letters should not come from non-academic sources, unless you have worked professionally in that field.

While you have the option to read the letters that are written for you, you should always waive that right. If you don’t trust your writers to craft good letters for you, then you shouldn’t be asking them for letters. Asking to see letters is considered a sign of lack of trust, and is gauche. Many professors will decline to write letters if you insist on seeing them.

You should ask for letters well in advance of when they are due; we recommend at least a month or two. If you are asking non-tenured faculty for a letter, more leeway is recommended, as they have more on their plate, and are often more stressed. You may need to send a reminder as deadlines approach. You should also share a copy of your essay with letter writers, so they know exactly what subfield you intend to pursue, and can discuss this in their letters.

Finally, you should be aware of politics when asking for letters. Some professors do not like each other at all. If you are seen as the protege of a professor who others detest, this can impact your admissions chances. Always discuss which schools and programs you are applying to with your letter writers. You should also discuss your choices of writers with an advisor (for example a thesis advisor) familiar with the field. Academic politics are incredibly petty, but if you plan to pursue a PhD you need to be aware of the game, and how it is played.

If your application passes the first review, you will be invited to do an interview. This will be with faculty in the program you are applying to. This is to further get to know you, and to understand your research objectives.

You should be able to clearly explain what you want to research, and how this program will help you do so. The people talking to you will all be familiar with the field, though not necessarily your specific subfield. They are looking for your ability to communicate and explain your view. Be prepared to answer some questions about the specifics of your goals, though it’s ok if you don’t know everything right now.

Interviews are generally in person, though due to the pandemic, virtual interviews have become more common. This is also your chance to ask any questions you have about the program you were unable to find answers to online. You can practice for this interview with an advisor or mentor; many schools have career centers which hold mock grad school interviews as well.

When and How to Apply to Grad School

There is no unified platform for PhD applications. Instead you must apply to each program individually, through the school’s website. This will mean filling out information multiple times, but they fortunately don’t ask for much. Once you have your documents in order, the rest is personal, demographic, and contact information.

You will need to pay to have your GRE scores sent to each school you apply to. Even though this is all electronic, they still charge dearly for it.

Applications are generally due in December or January, with interviews held over the next few months. Applications open in September or October. We recommend getting your applications in before the due date, though most programs don’t use rolling admissions. Each program sets their own deadlines, so you should track when each of your applications is due carefully to make sure nothing gets overlooked.

Paying for Grad School

PhD programs are for the most part fully funded. This means you will not be paying tuition, and will also get funding to live on. This funding is generally contingent on academic standing, and doing work TAing, teaching, or on ongoing research projects (or most commonly, all of the above). Many grad students also work full or part time to support themselves.

While you will not need to take on additional debt to pay for graduate school, you will not be well paid either. While the exact amount graduate students receive varies by school and program, it is generally in the range of $20-30,000 annually. This goes towards food, housing, and supplies.

While you are in a PhD program, you will not have to make payments on any government loans you took out to pay for undergrad, though they will continue to accrue interest. Making payments on them during grad school is difficult, but will greatly cut down on the amount you need to pay back later.

There are also outside scholarships available to help pay for graduate studies. While the amounts offered by these vary, most are small. They can help greatly with paying for the necessities however, and applying to them is usually worth the time investment.

Grad School Admission FAQ

Now we’ll answer some of the most common questions about applying to PhD programs.

Can older students apply?

Yes. Many professionals return to school for a PhD long out of undergrad. We suggest taking some courses at a local university in the field you plan on entering before you do this however. Academic research advances quickly, and this will familiarize you with the latest developments. Further, this will introduce you to professors who can provide you with letters of recommendation.

What are my odds of acceptance?

This depends on both your field and program. Generally, however, it is quite difficult to gain admissions to a PhD program, and admission rates hover around 10%. Only the best students get accepted, and this is even more the case at the top schools and programs.

When should I start thinking about applications?

When you choose your major, you should decide what level you want to reach within that field. Some majors lend themselves to PhDs if you want to work in that field, while others allow employment at various levels.

Where should I apply?

You should find programs with professors who are dedicated to your particular subfield. A prestigious institution which does not focus on your area is far less useful, regardless of how famous its name is. You are looking for someone who will be able to advise you, and help you perform worthwhile research. Further, professors are looking for students studying fields similar to their own when they admit graduate students.

How long are PhD programs?

Generally programs last 4-5 years, though this can vary based on field. The exact structure of the programs also varies a lot based on field and program.

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6 September 2023

7 minutes read

PhD without a Masters in the USA: A Comprehensive Guide

Dirghayu Kaushik

Key Takeaways:

Direct Entry to PhD: Many U.S. universities now offer programs allowing students to pursue a PhD directly after completing their bachelor’s degree, bypassing the master’s.
Time and Cost Efficiency: This pathway saves time and money, reducing the overall duration and cost of higher education.
Research Focus: Direct PhD programs emphasize intensive research, allowing students to delve deeply into their field of study from an early stage.
Stringent Criteria: Admission to these programs is competitive, with a strong emphasis on undergraduate academic performance and research experience.
Varied by Field: Availability and norms of direct PhD programs can vary significantly across different academic disciplines and universities.

In recent years, a paradigm shift has been evident in the academic landscape. The USA, known for its rigorous academic structure, has begun to adapt and transform. Many universities now offer candidates the chance to pursue a PhD without a master’s degree.

Such an option seems tempting for those looking to save time and dive directly into research. This direct entry, or “bachelor’s to PhD,” program is a welcome change for many aspiring scholars.

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Why the Sudden Shift?

The educational field is dynamic, and constantly evolving based on societal needs and scientific progress. As global challenges become more complex, there’s a demand for in-depth, specialized research.

This means a longer time spent on research rather than course completion. The direct PhD route facilitates just that – more time on research, and less on course study.

Universities Leading the Way

Several top-tier universities are at the forefront of this transition. For instance, a student aiming for a PhD in Computer Science or Bioengineering might find the direct PhD path available, whereas it might not be the case for someone seeking a degree in History or Philosophy . Always ensure you check specific departmental guidelines.

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Why Consider a PhD Without a Master’s Degree?

The lure of diving straight into research after an undergraduate program has several enticing advantages.

Duration and Costs

The primary advantage for many is the saved time. Traditionally, students spend two years in a master’s program, followed by 4-6 years for a PhD. By opting for a direct PhD, one might shave off a couple of years from their academic journey. This not only translates to saved time but also reduced tuition and associated costs.

Early Start to Research

Starting research early means a more extended period for deep study and the potential to make significant breakthroughs. Additionally, diving directly into research post-bachelors can lead to early publications, making the candidate’s academic profile stronger.

Admission Criteria: Candidates for direct PhD programs must demonstrate academic excellence, particularly in their major-specific courses, and have significant undergraduate research experience.

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Eligibility and Admission Criteria

Jumping from a bachelor’s program to a PhD isn’t a walk in the park. Admission criteria are often more stringent for direct PhD applicants.

Demonstrating Academic Excellence

Universities typically expect a stellar undergraduate academic record, emphasizing strong grades in major-specific courses. It’s also not just about grades – active participation in relevant seminars, workshops, and other academic events can enhance a candidate’s profile.

Research Experience and Recommendations

An essential criterion is demonstrable undergraduate research experience. Potential PhD candidates must have participated in significant research projects and ideally have some publications or research reports to showcase.

Furthermore, having recommendation letters from known figures in the field or previous research supervisors can considerably strengthen an application.

Program Availability: The availability of direct PhD programs varies across disciplines and institutions. For example, fields like Computer Science and Bioengineering at institutions such as MIT and Stanford offer direct PhD options, while other fields and universities might not.

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Universities Offering Direct PhD Programs

As the appeal of direct PhD programs grows, many universities across the USA have adopted this approach, allowing students to delve into intensive research immediately after their bachelor’s.

However, the offerings and requirements vary from one institution to another, and often from one department to another within the same university. Here’s an expanded look into some of the universities leading the charge and their specific programs:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

MIT has always been at the forefront of innovation, and its approach to graduate studies is no different. Several departments within MIT allow for a direct PhD pathway:

Biology: The department seeks candidates with a strong foundation in biology and other sciences. Undergraduate research experience is a significant plus.
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science: This department often values a blend of academic excellence and demonstrable skills, such as coding or design projects.

Stanford University

Stanford is another top-tier institution where certain departments entertain direct PhD applications:

Chemistry: Aside from a stellar academic record, the department values candidates with laboratory experience and those who’ve contributed to research publications.
Physics: A strong foundation in physics, proven through coursework, and undergraduate research, often sets successful candidates apart.

University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley)

UC Berkeley has a wide array of programs, some of which allow candidates to transition directly from their bachelors:

Molecular & Cell Biology: Here, the emphasis is on in-depth knowledge of biology and related disciplines. Candidates with research papers or projects often have an edge.
Environmental Science, Policy, & Management: This interdisciplinary program values candidates with a broad perspective on environmental issues and ideally some fieldwork or research experience.

Princeton University

At Princeton , the blend of traditional academic values with forward thinking has led to the adoption of direct PhD programs in select departments:

Mathematics: A profound understanding of advanced mathematics, as well as participation in relevant seminars, workshops, or Olympiads, can be beneficial.
Neuroscience: The department seeks individuals keen on exploring the frontiers of brain science. Laboratory experience, especially with techniques such as fMRI or electrophysiology, can be a plus.

Caltech (California Institute of Technology)

Caltech , renowned for its research contributions, also offers some direct-to-PhD programs:

Aeronautics: Candidates with a background in engineering, physics, or applied mathematics and a penchant for aerospace studies stand out.
Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: Those with a deep understanding of chemistry and biology, complemented by laboratory experience, are often favored.

Tips for Aspirants

Before diving into the application process:

Research Thoroughly: Understand the specific requirements of your desired program and department. Some might prioritize academic grades while others may emphasize research experience.
Engage with Current Students: Connecting with PhD students can provide a clearer picture of what to expect and how to strengthen your application.
Seek Guidance: From academic advisors to professors, gathering feedback can fine-tune your application, making it more aligned with what the department seeks.

While the option of direct PhD programs is increasingly available, it’s essential to understand that each university and department will have its specific criteria.

Being well-researched, prepared, and proactive can make a significant difference in the application process. The journey might be intense, but the rewards, both intellectual and professional, are profound.

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Need-to-Know Before Applying

Before embarking on the application journey, it’s essential to ensure you’re a good fit. Thoroughly research the program, faculty, available resources, and funding opportunities. Getting in touch with current PhD students or alumni can provide invaluable insights.

Challenges of a Direct PhD Path

Pursuing a PhD immediately after obtaining a bachelor’s degree is undoubtedly a unique and commendable academic route. While there are significant advantages to this path, it’s not without its hurdles.

Let’s delve deeper into the challenges that candidates may face when choosing a direct PhD path and ways to navigate these challenges effectively:

The Intensity of the Learning Curve

Entering a PhD program straight from an undergraduate degree can be a bit of a culture shock for many:

Depth Over Breadth: While bachelor’s programs typically offer a broad understanding of a field, PhDs require intense specialization. This transition from a general to a highly specialized focus can be demanding.
Advanced Coursework: Direct PhD students may find themselves in advanced courses with peers who have a master’s under their belt. This can make the initial semesters particularly challenging as they grapple with complex topics without the cushioning of intermediary subjects.

Adapting to the Research Rigor

PhD programs are research-intensive, which is a significant transition from undergraduate studies:

Research Autonomy: Unlike structured undergraduate lab exercises, PhD research is often self-directed. This requires independent problem-solving, a skill that takes time to cultivate.
Publication Pressure: There’s an emphasis on producing publishable results in PhD programs. Navigating the world of academic publishing, from selecting suitable journals to responding to reviewer comments, can be a steep learning curve.

Potential Missed Networking Opportunities

A master’s program is more than just academic coursework. It often provides students with a chance to network and form connections:

Limited Alumni Connections: Going straight to a PhD might mean you miss out on two sets of alumni networks – one from your master’s and one from your PhD.
Fewer Peer Collaborations: Master’s programs often involve group projects and collaborations, which can lead to long-lasting professional relationships. Direct PhD candidates might need to be more proactive in seeking such collaborative opportunities.

Social and Emotional Adjustments

The personal adjustments and sacrifices inherent in any PhD program can be particularly accentuated in a direct PhD route:

Younger Peer Group: Being younger than many of your peers might lead to feelings of isolation or imposter syndrome.
Lack of Break: Many students use the time between a bachelor’s and a PhD for personal development, travel, or gaining industry experience. Jumping straight into a PhD means you’re back in the academic grind without a significant break.

Navigating Financial Complexities

While getting to the finish line faster might seem cost-effective, there are financial considerations:

Funding Challenges: Some funding opportunities or scholarships might be tailored specifically for master’s students. Direct PhD students need to be more resourceful in seeking financial support.
Longer Commitment: If you’re self-funding, remember that a PhD is a long-term financial commitment. Ensure you have a clear understanding of costs and potential financial strain.

Strategies for Overcoming Challenges

Mentorship: Seek out mentors early on, both within and outside your department. Their guidance can be invaluable.
Networking: Attend conferences, workshops, and seminars to broaden your network and gain exposure to various facets of your field.
Self-Care: Recognize the signs of burnout and stress. Engage in activities outside academia to maintain a balanced life.
Open Communication: Discuss your challenges with your PhD supervisor. They can offer guidance, resources, or even adjust your research load if needed.

Opting for a direct PhD path is a commendable and ambitious decision. However, it’s imperative for candidates to be aware of the potential challenges. With foresight, preparation, and the right support system, these hurdles can be effectively navigated, leading to a rewarding academic journey.

Adjusting to the Research Intensity

A PhD program is undeniably intense. The depth of research, long hours in the lab or library, and the pressure to publish can be overwhelming. Candidates who haven’t experienced the intermediary step of a master’s might find this transition especially taxing.

Networking and Building Relationships

One often overlooked benefit of a master’s program is the networking opportunities it presents. Direct PhD students might need to put in extra effort to establish connections in their field, attend conferences, and collaborate on research.

The prospect of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree in the USA is both exciting and challenging. It offers a unique pathway for ambitious students eager to delve into research.

However, it’s essential to consider all aspects, from advantages to inherent challenges, before making a decision. Research thoroughly, engage with current students, and reflect on your long-term goals to ensure this path aligns with your academic and professional aspirations.

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Is it common to get accepted into a direct PhD program without research experience?

While it’s possible, it’s relatively rare. Research experience is often a significant criterion for acceptance.

Do all universities in the USA offer a direct PhD after a bachelor’s?

No, while the trend is growing, not all universities or departments offer this option. Always check the specific department’s guidelines.

How can I enhance my chances of acceptance for a direct PhD?

Strengthen your profile with solid undergraduate research, obtain strong recommendation letters, and demonstrate clarity in your research goals through your statement of purpose.

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• Why the Sudden Shift?
• Why Consider a PhD Without a Master’s Degree?
• Eligibility and Admission Criteria
• Universities Offering Direct PhD Programs
• Challenges of a Direct PhD Path
• Conclusion

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2024 Best Universities That Offer PhD Without Masters

It may sound like a dream, but universities that offer PhD without a masters do exist.

Imagine fast-tracking your way to becoming a doctor in your field, skipping the traditional master’s step, and diving straight into deep, meaningful research. This article is your guide to understanding this unconventional yet rewarding path.

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We’ll explore the ins and outs of taking this leap to help you decide if this bold academic journey aligns with your aspirations and goals.

Universities That Offer PhD without a Masters Degree

students taking doctorate without a masters degree

Can you get a doctorate without a masters? For some, the answer is yes. In PhD programs without masters requirements, you can start working on your PhD right after earning your bachelor’s degree. This means you can focus on intensive research and specialized studies sooner.

It’s a path that may suit you if you’re keen on deepening your knowledge and expertise without the intermediate step of a master’s program. Typical eligibility criteria for these programs include:

Strong undergraduate academic record
Research experience
Recommendation letters
Well-crafted statement of purpose
Standardized test scores (if required)

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , higher education often leads to better job prospects and higher earnings. This route not only saves time but can potentially set you up for promising career opportunities.

You’ll be expected to start your research early. This could be a great fit if you’re already clear about your academic interests and ready to commit to a rigorous research schedule.

Advantages of Fast-Tracking to PhD

Deciding to go straight for a PhD without a master’s degree can be a big step toward your future goals. Here are some potential benefits for considering PhD online programs without masters requirements:

Speed up your journey : By skipping a master’s program, you may get to your career goals faster.
Save money : Like any college program, earning a master’s degree can be expensive.
Immediately deep dive into your interests : Passionate about your field? You may jump straight into advanced studies and research.
Unique opportunities : These programs can help open doors to rare and exciting research chances, placing you at the forefront of innovation early in your career.
Stand out : Earning a PhD is a powerful statement about your ambition and skills.

Stepping directly into a PhD program may allow you to fast-track your ambitions and pave the way to a fulfilling future.

Disadvantages and Challenges of Direct PhD Programs

Jumping into a PhD without a master’s degree takes courage. It’s crucial to know the hurdles that might pop up before you start researching PhD programs online without masters requirements.

These are some challenges you may encounter:

Rapid pace : You’ll likely face a steep learning curve without the preparation a master’s program can provide.
Immediate research pressure : You’re expected to start producing original research right away.
Fewer networking opportunities : Skipping a master’s program means missing out on making those crucial academic connections that may be valuable down the line.
Tougher funding : Funding opportunities often lean toward those with master’s degrees, so securing financial support might be more challenging.
Self-doubt : Without the stepping stone of a master’s, you might question if you’re ready for this big leap.

According to the NSCRC , with more people pursuing advanced degrees, the academic world is getting more competitive. Navigating these challenges requires resilience and a clear vision of your goals. Choosing a direct PhD route is about weighing these hurdles against your determination and passion for your field.

How to Choose a Doctorate without a Masters Degree

Choosing the right PhD program is key. Here are some important factors to consider:

Accreditation : Accreditation is like a quality stamp for the program, ensuring that it meets certain academic standards. You can find more information at the S. Department of Education – Accreditation .
Financial aid and scholarships : Cost can be a big factor, and having financial aid or scholarships can make a huge difference. You can visit the FAFSA website for more information.
Faculty expertise : You want to learn from the best and ensure they have experience in your area of interest.
Research opportunities : This is your chance to get hands-on experience in your field.
Program structure and flexibility : It’s important to consider class schedules, online vs. in-person options, and the balance between coursework and research.

Choosing the right doctorate program is a personal decision that will shape your academic journey. Taking the time to weigh these factors carefully can help you find the best choice to fit your goals and needs.

Applying to Universities That Offer PhD without a Master’s Degree

Applying for a PhD program is like presenting your academic story. Here are some tips to help make each part of your application a testament to your passion and potential:

Your research proposal : This is a window into your interests. Show your enthusiasm and readiness for the field by making it clear, engaging, and indicative of your ability to bring fresh ideas.
Letters of recommendation : These are your personal champions, so choose mentors or professors who know your strengths intimately and can confidently vouch for your PhD readiness.
Showcase your research journey : Research experience is a crucial part of your narrative. Highlight your involvement in projects, papers, or presentations.
Ace the interview : Be prepared to discuss your motivations, research interests, and how you envision your growth in the program.

Your application is a holistic reflection of your academic identity. It should showcase your achievements and excitement for research and knowledge.

Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD?

While many paths to a PhD traditionally start with a master’s, there’s a growing trend of programs allowing students to jump straight into doctoral studies from their bachelor’s programs.

This option may be perfect for those who are clear about their research interests and ready to dive into academic exploration. If you’re passionate, determined, and have a clear vision for your research, a direct route to a PhD may be your path forward.

Universities Offering Online PhD Without Masters Degree Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format.

Capitol Technology University offers a PhD in Technology with two pathways for students who may not hold a master’s degree. Applicants may either already hold a doctoral degree or earn an MS in Research Methods while earning their PhD. CapTech’s program is fully online, and residencies are not required.

Capitol Technology University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Clemson University offers a PhD in Healthcare Genetics and Genomics. Applicants must hold at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field with a 3.0 cumulative GPA. Applicants who hold a master’s in the field may be given preference. The program is fully online, and courses are in a synchronous format.

Clemson University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Indiana University offers a PhD in Music Therapy through the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at IUPUI. Students who do not already hold a master’s degree can earn a Master’s in Music Therapy through the program. The program requires the completion of 90 credit hours, including a dissertation, and is fully online.

Indiana University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Students who do not hold a master’s degree may apply for a PhD in Computer Science through Mississippi State University. The program is fully online and does not require campus visits. Courses follow a semester schedule, and there are start dates in the fall and spring. Applicants are not required to submit GRE or GMAT scores.

Mississippi State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Students who do not hold a master’s may earn a PhD in Computer Science through Nova Southeastern University’s bachelor’s track. The program requires the completion of 66 credits and is available fully online or on campus. The program has start dates in August, January, and May and follows a semester schedule. NSU is an NSA-designated school.

Nova Southeastern University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Saybrook University offers a PhD in Clinical Psychology program that is fully online. Students who do not hold a master’s degree must complete 103 to 109 credits to graduate, while those who do have a master’s in a related field must complete 100 to 106 credits.

The program can typically be completed in 5 years. It offers several specializations that may be declared, including Applied Psychophysiology, Creativity Studies, and Jungian Studies.

Saybrook University is accredited by the Senior Commission of Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

The University of Arizona offers a PhD in Nursing to students who hold a BSN through its BSN-to-PhD program. The program is mostly online, but short residencies are required. The program can potentially be finished in 4 years when attended full-time. Courses follow a semester schedule, and the completion of 79 credits is required to graduate.

The University of Arizona is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

The University of Central Florida offers a BSN-to-PhD in Nursing program for those who do not hold a master’s degree in nursing. All coursework is online, but short intensives on campus are required throughout the program. Applicants are not required to submit GRE scores.

The University of Central Florida is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The University of Oklahoma offers a PhD in Nursing with a fast-track to PhD option for students who have a BSN but not a master’s degree. All coursework is fully online. The program can potentially be finished in 36 months, and there are start dates in the fall, spring, and summer. The completion of 78 credits is required to graduate.

The University of Oklahoma is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee offers a fully online program for a PhD in Nursing. Students with only a BSN may apply but must complete 15 additional credits before entering the program. The program starts every other year during the summer semester. It can potentially be completed in 3 years.

UWM is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Advance Your Career: Starting Your PhD without a Masters Degree

accredited universities that offer phd without masters

Starting your PhD journey without a master’s degree can be a bold step forward in advancing your career, particularly if you pursue some of the highest paying doctorate degrees . It’s a path that speaks to those ready to dive into deep academic waters, driven by passion and a clear vision for their future, with the added potential of high financial rewards in cutting-edge and high-demand areas.

If this resonates with you, you can start exploring accredited universities that offer this opportunity, including those providing online PhD programs for working professionals . These flexible programs are designed to accommodate your busy schedule, allowing you to balance your professional responsibilities with your academic pursuits. Your aspirations and determination may fast-track you on your way to becoming an expert in your field!

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Studying a PhD in The USA - The Complete Guide

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The USA is a favourable postgraduate study destination for international students due to the high standard of academic study and the wide variety of subjects. By undertaking a PhD in the USA, you will find yourself becoming an internationally recognised expert in your chosen field.

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the USA is considered the highest awarded degree in many US universities and institutes for most fields of study. For many international students, it's a dream course that offers an exciting new life chapter.

Attending Grad School for a PhD in the USA is not the same as undertaking a PhD in Europe or the UK , it can often be a different experience. However, studying abroad will improve your global cultural understanding in addition to your network of contacts for your future career. A PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

There are a multitude of reasons why the United States is a fantastic choice for your PhD studies. Here’s everything you need to know about studying a PhD in the USA.

1. PhD course length

The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 years of dissertation work. In the USA, the academic year is divided into two teaching semesters: August to December and January to May.

Having a longer duration for your PhD allows for greater opportunities to adjust to your course and find your footing. This enables you to concentrate on developing a more comprehensive understanding of your chosen subject at a more relaxed pace.

2. World-class universities

The US repeatedly tops the charts of worldwide ranking universities , so what better place to do your PhD studies? Although rankings shouldn’t be the main deciding factor when making your PhD choice, they're a great indicator of educational expertise.

There are many factors to consider when choosing the location for your PhD. Does the university have a high employability rate after graduation? Are you wanting to go public or private university? What kind of research facilities do they have?

Be sure to do some research before making a decision on your perfect place of study.

3. International community

The United States is a popular choice for international students from all over the world – making it an inspirational and cosmopolitan choice for your PhD studies. No matter what your choice of academic study is, you are guaranteed to find a diverse community that welcomes students from all backgrounds.

4. Affordable tuition fees

There are various tuition fee options available for PhD students regardless of your budget. The American higher education system is often associated with high fees and substantial student debt, but in fact, studying at an American university isn't always expensive, and many institutions offer affordable courses. For instance, PhD costs range from $28,000 to $55,000 annually, which shows that finding a PhD course that’s more affordable is possible.

5. Student experience

American universities typically have vibrant campus communities with a wide range of extracurricular activities, clubs and organisations. As a student, you will have the opportunity to engage in various social, cultural and recreational activities alongside your academic studies.

6. Student support

American universities typically provide comprehensive support services to assist you on your PhD journey. These services may include academic advising, counselling, career services, libraries, writing centres and various student organisations aimed at fostering your personal and professional development.

7. Land of opportunity

It's fair to say that student life in the USA offers something for everyone, regardless of what you're looking for from a PhD. With 50 states, six time zones, and thousands of higher-education providers, there's an opportunity waiting for every individual across the globe.

So let’s take a look at some of the key factors to consider when studying for a PhD in the USA.

Studying a PhD in the USA: top tips

Who is eligible for a phd in the usa.

To be eligible for PhD in the USA, generally students should have completed a graduate degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, provide proof of English language proficiency, GRE scores and other supporting documents. The eligibility criteria for a PhD in the USA can vary depending on the specific university and program.

Can I get a PhD without a masters degree?

Yes, you can pursue a PhD without having a masters. Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

The eligibility criteria and requirements for direct entry PhD programs vary among institutions and fields of study, so it is advisable to check the entry requirements of the specific university or course you are interested in.

How to apply for a PhD in the USA

When applying for your chosen subject in the USA, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This will include:

Completed application form – provided by your preferred university.

A personal statement – on why you want to study the subject, your research interests and career goals. Be sure to include any extracurricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References – universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades – you will generally need to submit scores from standardised tests like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT).

English language proficiency – international applicants whose native language is not English usually need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Samples of work – it is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

The application fee.

Method of study

Compared to the UK and Europe , studying a PhD in the USA involves several key differences. Students in the USA are usually in direct contact with their professor, compared with those in the UK where students might find that their PhD program is headed by a professor who gives them a little less flexibility to change their research and study areas. There can be several cultural differences between UK, Europe, and USA university lifestyles. US students are expected to undertake a great deal of teaching and marking, as opposed to PhD students in Europe.

As a result, you may have less free time outside of the university when pursuing a PhD in the USA.

Application for PhD In USA

When applying for your chosen subject, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This might include:

A personal statement on why you want to study the subject. Be sure to include any extra-curricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References. Universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades. It is important that you provide a list of your awarded grades from previous courses you have studied.

Samples of work. It is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

UK and Europe students decide on their PhD thesis subject area before they apply . While taking classes at a graduate level, prospective PhD students in the USA spend up to a year or two deciding on their specific research subject. It is normal to apply for up to six institutions for a PhD in the USA, and students apply to each institution separately as there is no central organisation.

Students in the UK and Europe are expected to apply with an understanding of the subject already, usually in the form of a masters degree, and be ready to start studying at the PhD level straight away. In the USA it is expected that students do not have an in-depth understanding of their subject as they usually only have an undergraduate degree when they apply.

When should I start applying for a PhD in the USA?

Deadlines for applications to PhD programs in the USA tend to be between December and February, and institutions should let you know about your application by April. Most US institutions recommend that you apply as far in advance as you possibly can to give them, and you, plenty of time to make arrangements.

Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply as well. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Funding your PhD in USA

PhD students are very likely to receive financial support in the form of PhD scholarships ; some USA PhD students also receive PhD studentships .

Making your PhD application in plenty of time allows you more time to apply for and arrange your PhD funding. Many students find that funding can cover much, or all, of the cost of their PhD studies in the USA, which ranges between $28,000 and $40,000. Deadlines for funding applications can be as early as December before starting your studies in the Autumn/Fall.

There are two types of PhD funding: fully funded, which pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses, or partially funded, which pays for the student's tuition only partially or fully.

Can a PhD be fully funded?

Yes, many top universities in the USA offer fully funded PhD programs for eligible students. This funding pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation and living expenses. Partially funded PhDs only cover the student's tuition in part or in full.

Some PhD students will receive a stipend from their institution with an assistantship position, but this varies between institutions and between departments within institutions. Other students can find funding from both their own and the American government, and there are plenty of American government schemes like The Fulbright Program that offer funds.

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How long does it take to study a PhD in the USA?

For part-time students in the USA, a PhD can take eight to ten years, but it usually takes five to six years for full-time students. PhDs can be completed in four to five years rather than five or six for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject.

Top 10 ranked American universities

Based on 2024 Times Higher Education's World University Rankings data, the following table shows which US universities rank the highest.


1	2	Stanford University
2	3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
3	4	Harvard University
4	6	Princeton University
5	7	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
6	9	University of California, Berkeley
7	10	Yale University
8	13	University of Chicago
9	15	John Hopkins University
10	16	University of Pennsylvania

Our PhD bursary winner & funding opportunity

Mohammad Abdollahi is a 35-year-old Iranian student studying a PhD in Operational Research at the University of Essex. He was delighted when he found out he’d been awarded a Postgrad Solutions Study Bursary. As an international student coming to the UK with his wife and two children, it has proved to be an invaluable funding resource as he explains. “It was good news and exciting – I was overwhelmed with joy!”

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50 Best PhD Programs That Don’t Require GRE Scores [2024 Schools Guide]

Check out PhD Programs that don’t require GRE scores for admission. Compare PhD programs without the GRE (Campus & Online).

We’ve identified a number of accredited universities that don’t require the GRE as part of their PhD application process.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

List of Online PsyD Programs No GRE

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format. In addition, the universities included in this list offer online psychology doctoral programs and either do not require the GRE or offer GRE waivers for qualified students.

Adler University

Founded in 1952, Adler strives to develop professionals and practitioners who will better their local communities and the world. Driven by the work of physician and psychotherapist Alfred Adler, the school values fairness, equality and civil rights and helps students learn to put these concepts into practice.

Online Doctor of Psychology in Industrial & Organizational Psychology

Adler University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Alliant International University

Recognized as a top school for minorities by Diverse: Issues In Higher Education and for military veterans by College Factual, Alliant values diversity in the classroom and the workforce. Students are encouraged to have a global perspective, a desire for community service and a commitment to equality.

Believing that hands-on experiences are essential for a well-rounded education, the school connects students to the community throughout its degree programs.

Online Doctor of Psychology

Alliant is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

Antioch University

Equal rights, equal pay and equal educational opportunities for minorities and women have long been important at Antioch. In the 1800s, Antioch was one of the first institutions of higher education that admitted both whites and African-Americans, and the school’s list of famous alumni includes Coretta Scott King.

Online Doctor of Clinical Psychology

Antioch University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

California Southern University

Since its beginnings in 1978, the mission of California Southern University has been centered around the idea of providing flexible educational experiences for adult learners.

Throughout the school’s 30 programs, there is a continual focus on establishing strong, supportive relationships between staff and students.

California Southern University is regionally accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

Capella University

Enrolling over 37,000 students each year, Capella University offers educational opportunities for working professionals. Through distance-learning programs, the university reaches students from every state and over 50 different countries. Of the school’s more than 1,500 faculty members and administrators, 88 percent hold doctoral degrees.

Capella University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Felician University

Since 1942, Felician University has been providing educational experiences based on the Catholic Franciscan values of service, compassion and respect. Over 2,000 students take classes from this school each year. The university has a student-faculty ratio of 13:1, and 73 percent of classes have fewer than 20 students.

Online Doctoral Programs in Counseling Psychology

Felician University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Grand Canyon University

Founded in 1949, Grand Canyon University seeks to educate students from a Christian perspective so that they will become service-minded professionals whose faith permeates their lives and directs their work. The university enrolls over 19,000 on-campus students and more than 60,000 online students each year.

Online Doctor of Performance Psychology

Grand Canyon University is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Meridian University

At Meridian University, the goal is for students to gain a transformative education. Through their schooling, students should grow personally and learn to affect change in their fields and in their communities. Approximately 91 percent of Meridian students complete their degree programs within the allotted time.

Meridian University is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

Northwest University

Affiliated with the Assemblies of God denomination, Northwest University is a Christian school with a desire to engage students who are committed to both scholarship and service. Graduates go on to work in a variety of fields, including ministry, business, medical and educational settings.

Northwestern University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Pepperdine University

U.S. News has ranked Pepperdine University at No. 46 on its list of Best Value Schools, and Forbes has placed the school at No. 8 on its list of the Most Entrepreneurial Universities. The university opened in 1937, and the school’s alumni group today boasts over 100,000 members. 84 percent of Pepperdine students serve in internships or other hands-on experiences.

Pepperdine is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission.

Saybrook University

Saybrook University was established in 1971 and offers a PhD in Clinical Psychology. The degree is designed for those students who are looking for a program that will equip them with the practical skills necessary to start their professional practice.

The program covers multi-cultural psychology, psychotherapy, child and adolescent psychology, and more.

PhD in Clinical Psychology

Saybrook University is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission.

Touro University Worldwide

Touro University Worldwide is the online branch of the Touro College and University System. Altogether, Touro schools include around 19,000 students and more than 95,000 alumni. Founded on Jewish principles and traditions, the group’s roots date back to 1970.

Online Doctor of Psychology in Human & Organizational Psychology

Touro University Worldwide is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

University of Hartford

With over 6,500 enrolled students, the University of Hartford issues more than 1,500 diplomas each year. The student body is made up of people from nearly every state and over 40 different countries. Creativity, diversity, responsibility and integrity are some of the highest values of this school, which was founded in 1957.

University of Hartford is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

University of the Cumberlands

The Baptist roots of the University of the Cumberlands date back to 1888. The university reaches over 10,000 learners each year and has a 17:1 ratio of students to faculty. Hands-on learning is highly valued at this school, and all students engage in service opportunities while attaining their degrees.

University of the Cumberlands is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Walden University

Over 57,000 students are studying with Walden University at any given time. The faculty members are leaders in their areas of expertise, and almost 90 percent of them hold doctoral degrees. The university’s status as a certified B Corporation shows its commitment to operating ethically and motivating students to be positive change-makers in their communities.

Walden University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Western Kentucky University

U.S. News has ranked Western Kentucky University No. 24 in Best Colleges for Veterans and No. 34 in Best Regional Universities South. Both Sierra Club and Princeton Review have applauded this university for its environmental efforts. The school has over 20,000 students, and the average class has around 24 students in it.

Western Kentucky University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Commission on Colleges.

List of Online Doctor of Education (EdD) Programs No GRE

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format. In addition, the universities included in this list either do not require the GRE or offer waivers for qualified students.

Baylor University

Baylor University holds fast to its Baptist roots while welcoming a diverse student body from many religious and geographic backgrounds. Founded in 1845, the school is committed to serious scholarship, community service, and the integration of faith and life. Baylor has over 17,000 students and a 14:1 student-faculty ratio.

Online Doctorate of Education

Baylor University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

City University of Seattle

Online Doctor of Education in Leadership

CityU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Colorado State University

Founded in 1870, Colorado State University has awarded over 230,000 degrees. The school was involved in the establishment of the Peace Corps, and still today, many students choose to spend time serving through this organization. In addition to global service and responsibility, CSU values innovation, respect, diversity and academic excellence.

Colorado State is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

Concordia University

Since 1805, Concordia University has been educating students in the Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod, tradition.

Although based on Christian faith and principles, and university welcomes a diverse student body made up of people from many religious backgrounds. The school enrolls over 5,000 students each year and boasts a 17:1 student-to-faculty ratio.

This is an online doctorate in education no GRE required.

Online Doctor of Education

Concordia University is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Creighton University

Considered U.S. News ’ No. 1 school in the Regional Universities Midwest category and the Best Colleges for Veterans category, Creighton University educates nearly 9,000 students yearly.

The school was founded in 1878 by Jesuit Catholics and many members of the Jesuit tradition still work at Creighton. Within six months of degree completion, 99 percent of graduates are successful at landing a job or a satisfactory next step.

Creighton University is accredited by Higher Learning Commission.

East Tennessee State University

Founded in 1911, East Tennessee State University today educates more than 14,500 students each year. The university values respect, diversity and academic excellence, and well-rounded student experiences are essential to an ETSU education. There are over 100 degree programs at this school, and the student-faculty ratio is approximately 16:1.

East Tennessee State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Florida State University

Florida State University offers over 300 degree programs, and the Carnegie Commission has bestowed on this school the distinction of Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity. With over 41,000 members, the student body includes people from more than 130 countries around the world. Six Nobel Laureates have taught at this university.

Florida State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Johns Hopkins University

Since its beginnings 1876, Johns Hopkins has highly prized both teaching and research, and the school considers itself the first research university in the United States. Although particularly well-known for its School of Medicine, this university also awards degrees in public health, education, physics, business and other disciplines.

The programs listed above are online Doctor of Education no GRE required.

The Johns Hopkins University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Lamar University

A member of the Texas State University System, Lamar University has about 15,000 enrolled students and over 75,000 alumni. Approximately 30 percent of the university’s classes are taught online. The school was founded in 1923 and today employs over 1,200 people and offers more than 100 degree programs.

Online Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership

Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Liberty University

Since 1971, over 250,000 people have received an education from Liberty University. Currently, about 30 percent of the school’s students are active-duty members of the military or veterans. Liberty University has Baptist affiliations and seeks to develop students’ Christian worldview. Volunteerism is valued, and the student body puts about 500,000 hours into service each year.

Liberty University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Maryville University

Over 9,000 students take classes from Maryville University each year. The school has a 14:1 student-faculty ratio, and about 90 percent of the faculty members have received doctoral degrees. According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, Maryville was one of the top three fastest-growing universities in the United States.

Maryville University of Saint Louis is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

National University

Founded in 1971, National University is a network of nonprofit educational institutions dedicated to providing flexible, quality education to help students meet their educational and career goals. NU’s programs are taught by 100% doctoral professors.

National University has over 30,000 students enrolled and more that 220,000 alumni from around the world.

National University is regionally accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

Northwest Nazarene University

Although Northwest Nazarene University began as an elementary school in 1913, the school quickly expanded its educational offerings and awarded its first college degrees in 1917. Today, more than 8,000 students take NNU classes each year. Although the Church of the Nazarene sponsors the school, students come from a diverse mix of religious backgrounds.

Northwest Nazarene University is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Oakland City University

U.S. News ranked Oakland City University at No. 7 on its list of Best Colleges for Veterans. The publication also grants it the No. 39 spot on its Regional Colleges Midwest list. Affiliated with the General Association of General Baptists, the college pursues both academic and spiritual development for students.

Oakland City University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Saint Leo University

Famous alumni of Saint Leo University include Desi Arnaz and Stephen Stills. U.S. News gives this university the No. 14 spot on its list of Best Value Schools. Founded in 1889, Saint Leo University is rooted in the Benedictine Catholic tradition and values excellence in academics, relationships, personal growth and integrity.

Saint Leo University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Samford University

According to U.S. News , Samford wins the No. 4 spot on the list of Regional Universities South. This school has graduated 8 state governors, 60 members of Congress and a number of other high-profile citizens. The university has been educating students since 1841 and currently enrolls over 5,500 learners each year and has a student-faculty ratio of 13:1.

Samford is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Texas A&M University

In 1876, Texas A&M University became the first public college in Texas. Over 70,000 students currently study with Texas A&M, which offers over 400 degree programs. The school values leadership in both its staff and its students and seeks to develop strong leaders who will make a difference in their communities.

Texas A&M University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission.

Texas Tech University

According to the Center for Measuring University Performance, Texas Tech University ranked in the top 50 public research schools in the United States. There are more than 38,000 students currently taking Texas Tech classes and over 1,700 faculty members. More than 8,000 students graduated from this university in 2018.

Texas Tech University is accredited with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Trident University

Ranked No. 19 on the list of Best Colleges by The Military Times, Trident University has been the school of choice for over 27,000 students. The university’s goals for students include strong critical thinking skills, an understanding of how to gather and use information, the ability to communicate clearly, and a commitment to integrity.

Trident University accredited by WASC Senior College and University Commission.

Union University

At Union University, there’s a 10:1 student-faculty ratio for the more than 3,000 learners who study there. 85 percent of the faculty members hold terminal degrees. In the past year, Christian Universities Online gave this university the top spot on its Best Christian Colleges and Universities in the South list.

Online Doctor of Education – Leadership in School Reform

Union University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

University of Arkansas

The Carnegie Foundation recognizes the University of Arkansas as one of the country’s top research universities, and the Chronicle of Higher Education has commended the school for having one of the country’s fastest-growing doctoral programs. With over 27,000 students and over 1,401 faculty members, there’s a student-faculty ratio of 19:1.

The U of A has been accredited by the Higher Learning Commission without interruption since 1924.

University of Findlay

Since 1882, the University of Findlay has been equipping students with academic knowledge and spiritual development. Hands-on experiences help students put their classroom learning into practice throughout their schooling. The university has ties to the Church of God, and College Factual has named it the denomination’s best school.

University of Kentucky

Founded in 1865, the University of Kentucky maintains a commitment to producing graduates who influence communities throughout the world. The school has more than 2,000 faculty members and over 29,000 students. Forbes has placed this university at No. 63 on its list of the best colleges in the southern United States.

The University of Kentucky is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

University of Massachusetts

As New England’s top public university, the University of Massachusetts values academics, research, and professional excellence. Reuters includes UMass on its list of the World’s Most Innovative Universities. Currently, the school has over 70,000 enrolled students, and more than 500,000 people have graduated from this university since its beginnings in 1863.

The University of Massachusetts Amherst is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

University of New England

The University of New England, founded in 1939, has campuses in Biddeford and Portland, Maine and Tangier, Morocco. It’s a relatively small university, with a total of approximately 7,000 students, less than a third of which are doctoral students.

The EdD at UNE is a 51-credit course of study that can be completed entirely online and requires no GRE scores for acceptance. You can start in the Fall, Spring, or Summer and finish within 3 years.

The University of New England is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

University of Southern California

U.S. News gives the University of Southern California the No. 22 ranking on its list of National Universities. Over 47,000 students are enrolled at this college, and there are more than 4,000 faculty members. The school grants about 10,000 advanced degrees each year.

The University of Southern California isy accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

William Carey University

True to its Baptist heritage, William Carey University’s goal is to prepare students for professional work that is guided by faith-based principles. In the early 1900s, it was a college for women only, but coed instruction began in 1954. U.S. News has given William Carey the No. 3 spot on its list of Best Value Schools.

William Carey University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

List of Online DBA Programs No GRE

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format. In addition, the universities included in this list either do not require the GRE or offer a GRE waiver for qualified students.

Baker College

Desiring to turn out leaders who excel in their fields, Baker College encourages critical thinking, effective communication, personal growth and hands-on experiences throughout all of its academic programs. The school traces its history back to 1888, and its Center for Graduate Studies awarded its first doctoral degree in 2011.

Baker College is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

Online DBA in Accounting
Online DBA in Global System and Supply Chain Management
Online DBA in Human Resource Management
Online DBA in Information Technology Management
Online DBA in Intelligence
Online DBA in Leadership
Online DBA in Project Management
Online DBA in Strategy and Innovation

Concordia University – Chicago

Since 1805, Concordia University has been educating students in the Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod, tradition. Although based on Christian faith and principles, and university welcomes a diverse student body made up of people from many religious backgrounds. The school enrolls over 5,000 students each year and boasts a 17:1 student-to-faculty ratio.

Concordia University Chicago is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Drexel University

Online Executive DBA

Drexel is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Florida International University

FIU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Online DBA – Management

Johnson & Wales University

JWU is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Since 1971, over 250,000 people have received an education from Liberty University. Currently, about 30 percent of the school’s students are active-duty members of the military or veterans.

Liberty University has Baptist affiliations and seeks to develop students’ Christian worldview. Volunteerism is valued, and the student body puts about 500,000 hours into service each year.

University of Dallas

UD is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

University of Maryland

UM is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

University of Missouri – St. Louis

UMSL is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

University of Phoenix

UOPX is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Wilmington University

Wilmington is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

List of Online Doctor of Social Work Programs No GRE

Online Doctor of Social Work

Kutztown University

Kutztown is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Millersville University

Millersville is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Southern Connecticut State University

SouthernCT is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Tulane University

Tulane is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

University of Alabama

UA is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

University of Pennsylvania

Online Doctorate in Clinical Social Work

Penn is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

The University of Southern California is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

University of St. Thomas

St. Thomas is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

List of Online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Programs No GRE

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format. In addition, the universities included in this list either do not require the GRE or offer GRE waivers for qualified students.

Arkansas State University

Online of Nursing Practice

Arkansas State University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

Barry University

Online Doctor of Nursing Practice – Anesthesiology

Barry is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

DePaul University

Online Doctor of Nursing Practice

DePaul is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Duke University

Duke is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Duquesne University

Duquesne is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Georgia College

GCSU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Indiana State University

Indiana State is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

New Mexico State University

NMSU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Oklahoma City University

OKCU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Pace University

Pace is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Palm Beach Atlantic University

PBA is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Penn State University

Penn State is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Saint Francis Medical Center

Saint Francis is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Texas Wesleyan University

Online Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice

Texas Wesleyan is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

University of Arizona

UA is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

University of California – Irvine

Online Doctor of Nursing Practice – Family Nurse Practitioner

UCI is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

University of Central Arkansas

UCA is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

University of Iowa

UI is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

UK is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

University of Massachusetts – Boston

As New England’s top public university, the University of Massachusetts values academics, research and professional excellence. Reuters includes UMass on its list of the World’s Most Innovative Universities. Currently, the school has over 70,000 enrolled students, and more than 500,000 people have graduated from this university since its beginnings in 1863.

The University of Massachusetts Boston is accredited by the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

University of Minnesota

UMN is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

UNLV is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

University of North Dakota

UND is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

University of South Alabama

South is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

University of Texas

UT is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

List of Online PhD Without GRE Requirements

Enrolling over 37,000 students each year, Capella University offers educational opportunities for working professionals.

Through distance-learning programs, the university reaches students from every state and over 50 different countries. Of the school’s more than 1,500 faculty members and administrators, 88 percent hold doctoral degrees.

Capella offers an Online PhD no GRE.

Online PhD in Business Management
Online PhD in Systems Engineering

Johnson University

Online PhD in Leadership Studies

JU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Nova Southeastern University

PhD programs no GRE required.

Online PhD in Computer Science
Online PhD in Conflict Analysis & Resolution
Online PhD in Criminal Justice
Online PhD in Health Science
Online PhD in Nursing – Nursing Education
Online PhD in Occupational Therapy

NSU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Texas Woman’s University

Online PhD programs no GRE requirement.

Online PhD in Nursing Science

TWU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Online PhD in Business
Online PhD in Information Technology

University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee

This is a PhD no GRE required program.

Online PhD in Nursing

UWM is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Over 57,000 students are studying with Walden University at any given time. The faculty members are leaders in their areas of expertise, and almost 90 percent of them hold doctoral degrees.

The university’s status as a certified B Corporation shows its commitment to operating ethically and motivating students to be positive change-makers in their communities.

Online PhD in Management
Online PhD in Public Health
Online PhD in Social Work

PhD Programs that Don’t Require the GRE

The following doctoral programs do not require the GRE for admission:

Business & Management
Computer Science
Criminal Justice
Healthcare Administration
Human Services
Information Technology
Occupational Therapy
Public Administration
Public Health
Public Policy
Theology & Ministry

A growing number of universities offering PhD programs or professional doctorates no longer require the GRE.

Doctor of Business Administration – DBA or PhD

A Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) is an applied doctorate or a professional doctorate.

Many students enroll in a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) program because they are entrepreneurs, potential business owners, or current managers who want to move into executive leadership .

You will learn about business practices, economics, finance, accounting, entrepreneurship, management, and many other important topics within specialized business tracks. For example, you may choose a track in finance or marketing to complete your DBA studies .

With a PhD in Business Administration , students learn about a specific focus within business, choosing a specialized track within business to focus on while they study. They may develop new theories in public administration, economics, entrepreneurship, management, marketing, or other aspect. Most students go on to become professors, researchers, or business analysts.

With the PhD in Business , a dissertation may be required, but there are a growing number of doctorate degrees with no dissertation requirements.

Doctor of Computer Science – DCS

Online Doctor of Computer Science students

A Doctor of Computer Science program teaches students about data analytics, computer networking, programming, enterprise information systems, and information technology topics. Most programs can be customized so that you pick the track that most relates to your field of interest.

If you have strong science skills, you may want to pursue this applied doctorate in computer science that provides a scientific foundation for understanding technology. There are also computer science PhD programs online available for those who need flexibility in their studies.

Since many different industries rely on technology and computer science, graduates may find work in a wide variety of fields.

Criminal Justice Doctorate – PhD

Earning a PhD in Criminal Justice teaches students about law enforcement, laws, ethics, community leadership, and cyber security at the local, state, and federal level.

You will learn about improving safety through justice, as well as criminal investigation tactics through PhD criminal justice degree programs.

Doctor of Education – EdD or PhD

Want to become a thought leader in the field of education?

The Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) is an applied doctorate for those who work in the education field. Many graduates work in schools, but others serve in government agencies, nonprofit organizations and more.

A Doctor of Education is an interdisciplinary program that helps graduates learn about applied theories when it comes to teaching different subjects and helping students learn. You may want to specialize in different education topics to take your career to the next level, such as educational leadership , early childhood development, or special education.

If you are currently teaching in a K-12 school, an EdD may broaden your career options. Potential uses of this degree would be teaching at the university level or entering school administration.

Doctor of Healthcare Administration – PhD or DBA

healthcare administration doctoral programs

For those who want to work in a leadership position in a healthcare organization , a doctoral program in healthcare administration or management can be a good choice.

This degree program is suited toward those who want to make business decisions for a hospital rather than practicing medicine. Graduates of these programs often work as hospital CEOs or Chief Financial Officers.

PhD in Human Services

Working in social services can be a rewarding career, especially if you want to be a community leader.

Earning a PhD in Human Services offers students the opportunity to work in criminal justice, education, social work , community leadership, and housing, among others with the goal of helping families and individuals in local and global communities.

Doctor of Information Technology – DIT, DBA, or PhD

The workforce is becoming increasingly dependent on technology, and obtaining a doctorate in information technology will help you stay up on the latest developments in this area. You will explore ways that information technology can benefit society.

This degree can also be quite useful in business settings. Graduates may lead IT departments or serve as tech consultants.

Doctor of Nursing Practice – DNP or PhD

Many people holding this degree serve as nurses in medical settings. It’s worth noting that the education provided in this type of program is quite different from the doctorate-level training that physicians receive.

Obtaining a Doctor of Nursing Practice or a PhD in Nursing will not qualify you to work as a physician. Graduating with a doctorate in Nursing is one way to achieve the highest level of nursing education and certification.

Doctor of Occupational Therapy – DOT or PhD

To take the test for licensure as an occupational therapist, you must earn either a master’s degree or a doctoral degree in this field.

A doctoral-level education may provide a greater variety of career or leadership options than a master’s-level education in occupational therapy.

An entry-level DOT program is designed to help you enter the occupational therapy field for the first time.

PhD in Psychology

Clinical Psychologist Doctorate Programs

Graduates with a PhD in psychology typically go on to own their own clinical counseling practices, helping others to work through mental illness, difficult traumatic experiences, and early childhood development problems.

Graduates may wish to attain a license to practice psychology, or they may pursue careers in sociology, education, and social work.

This degree program is often recommended for people who want to work directly with clients. It can be useful in a clinic, hospital or school setting, and it may be an essential step toward getting licensed in your state .

If you haven’t already completed a psychology graduate program , you can also earn your master’s in psychology online (no GRE required) .

Doctor of Public Administration – DPA

This professional doctorate equips you to serve in careers related to public affairs .

When you graduate with a doctorate in public administration, you may work in government settings or organizational leadership positions with non-profit entities.

The degree may be helpful for working in public administration , policy analysis, federal jobs, or as a local government leader.

Doctor of Public Health – DPH or PhD

Like a PhD in Healthcare Administration, a Doctor of Public Health degree is an applied doctorate for students with a desire to work in the healthcare sector. You may want to choose this particular option if your career plans involve crafting healthcare policies or working as an administrator.

The goal of this doctorate is often to help improve health at a large-scale level: for whole populations rather than individual people.

You may also be interested in a no-GRE online MPH .

PhD in Public Policy

Earning a PhD in Public Policy helps students move into careers at a high level within government agencies, business, political roles, and community leadership.

Whether you want to become a social work leader or you have international leadership in mind, you can customize a public policy program to suit your career interests.

Doctoral Programs in Ministry or Theology

A Doctor of Ministry or Theology program helps students learn advanced principles of ministry, theology, and leadership within the Church.

Most students are able to study on an independent project that is approved by their school.

Graduates go on to become professors, ministry leaders, and higher officials within the Church.

What are GRE Waivers?

Minimum undergraduate gpa.

Some universities allow GRE exemptions for students who demonstrated academic competency during their undergrad years. These schools may set a minimum GPA that students must have achieved during their earlier education to be considered for this type of academic waiver.

GPA requirements may vary among a school’s many programs. Waivers may be subject to approval on an individual basis.

Previously Earned Graduate Degree

The GRE is intended to demonstrate preparation for higher education. However, if you’ve already earned an advanced degree, the school’s admission department may consider that sufficient proof that you can handle the rigors of their PhD program.

For this waiver, some schools may require not only that you have an advanced degree but also that you achieved a particular GPA.

Professional Experience

Because extended employment in a field may demonstrate competency, some schools consider work experience in their area of focus just as valuable as high scores on the GRE.

If you have several years of relevant work experience, that may earn you a GRE waiver. Some schools specifically include relevant military service in their rules about qualifying for waivers.

Some Programs Have No GRE Requirement

If the program for which you are applying has no GRE requirement, then you won’t need a waiver. The school isn’t looking for test scores, so you won’t need to furnish them.

Just be sure to read all admission requirements closely. Some schools require GRE scores for only a few of their doctoral programs.

GMAT or GRE?

The GMAT, also known as the Graduate Management Admissions Test, is similar to the GRE but it has a more specific focus. The GMAT is an exam designed expressly for those entering business school.

Some business schools do accept GRE scores. However, if you are applying only to business programs, you should opt for the GMAT.

If GRE Scores are Optional, Should I Send Them?

To some faculty, GRE scores carry a lot of weight. Therefore, high marks on this test may elevate you in their eyes. In other words, even if the GRE is optional, furnishing a good score may be beneficial.

On the other hand, low scores may have the opposite effect. When the GRE is optional, rather than required, it may be best to keep your low marks under wraps so that your other merits take center stage.

If you’ve never taken the GRE, is it worth it to try, just so you can submit your results to a GRE-optional program? There’s no cut-and-dry answer to that question, but current program participants may be able to lend insight.

Should I Apply to PhD Without GRE Programs?

Your decision to apply to a PhD program should have nothing to do with whether or not they require the GRE. The main consideration should be the university’s accreditation.

Here are a few points to consider…

GRE is a Poor Predictor of Performance in Graduate School

If a doctoral program doesn’t require GRE scores, it’s an indication that the school understands the limitations of this exam.

The GRE won’t provide clear evidence about whether you will succeed in the classroom, get good grades, make it to graduation or be a leader in your professional field someday.

Accredited Universities Offer No GRE PhD Programs

Not having GRE requirements is not a sign that a program will be weak or substandard. Many respected, accredited programs don’t require that you take this test before you can be admitted.

Instead of using GRE requirements to evaluate a school’s strength, consider whether the program has received accreditation. Also, gather reviews from current or recent students, and get advice from the school’s graduate coordinator.

You Still Have to Meet Other Admissions Standards

All PhD programs are selective about their candidates. So, whether or not they require that you submit GRE scores, they all have admissions requirements that you must meet in order to get into the school.

Other factors considered for acceptance may include:

Your resume
Letters of recommendation from people familiar with your work
Your transcripts from other higher education endeavors.
A statement from you about your goals
Your proficiency in the English language

Your Master’s Degree Might Be Enough

If you’ve already completed a master’s program , that shows that you’re able to perform at the graduate level.

Therefore, your school of choice may not require GRE scores as additional proof, especially if your degree is paired with a master’s thesis, a high GPA or years of professional experience.

GRE Scores: What They Tell Us, What They Don’t

a person in an office looking over a portfolio

GRE scores are not as helpful as you may have been led to believe. Let’s take a look at some recent studies on the reliability of GRE results.

GRE Scores Do Not Predict Classroom Performance

Creativity, interpersonal skills and internal motivation are just a few of the components that contribute to how well you do in the classroom.

However, the GRE measures none of those. It focuses only on your test-taking skills.

So, doing well on the test doesn’t guarantee classroom success.

GRE Scores Lose Impact over Time

Researchers have discovered that your scores on this test may give a school an idea of what kinds of grades you’ll achieve during the first year in their program.

However, your scores do nothing to predict your academic success after that first year.

The GRE Lacks Reliability in Predicting Final Outcomes

The GRE can’t determine whether a first-year doctoral student will end up completing the program.

Some high-scoring students may not possess enough tenacity to stick with school until graduation. On the other hand, some low-scoring students may have been the ones most likely to persevere.

Applying to Graduate School with No GRE Test Scores

There are some things that you should consider before specifically seeking out a no GRE required doctoral program:

While some high-profile schools may admit you without this test, not taking the GRE will automatically close many prestigious schools to you.
Some fields are more likely to require the test than others.
Sometimes, it’s easier to find a no-GRE-required online program than an in-person one.

Consider your motivation for not submitting scores:

Because you’ve already settled on a program that doesn’t require this test? Great!
Because you’re too busy to study? Think hard about whether you have time for a doctoral program.
Because you received a low score? According to an ETS survey, nearly 25 percent of test-takers improve their results second time around.

If one of your primary concerns is the amount of time required , you may be interested in our article discussing accelerated PhD programs online .

What is the GRE, and Who Needs to Take It?

The GRE is a test designed to show that you learned enough during your undergrad years to be ready for the rigors of grad school. The exam includes sections on verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing. You may need to take it if you’re applying to graduate programs.

Is the GRE Test Required for Graduate School?

No, not always. There are some graduate schools that don’t require GRE or GMAT scores. Some offer alternative options, and others simply have no GRE (or other entrance exam) requirements. Some schools require that you submit exam scores for only some of their graduate programs.

Is the GRE Required for PhD Programs?

Many doctoral programs require applicants to take the GRE, but not all do. Others allow waivers or base their admissions decisions solely on other criteria. In particular, some of the best-ranked online PhD programs may allow you to enroll even if you’ve never taken the GRE.

What’s the Difference Between GRE vs. GMAT?

While the GRE is used for a variety of different graduate programs, the GMAT is designed specifically for admission to business schools. However, some business schools accept GRE scores as well. Even still, those who have their hearts set on business school would do best to take the GMAT.

Is There Any Reason to Take the GRE for a PhD Program?

If your top school choice requires GRE scores, then you should take the test. Also, if you are planning to apply to quite a few programs, then there’s a good chance that you’ll need to submit test scores with some of those applications.

What is a GRE Waiver?

Some schools require GRE scores for admission to their doctoral programs, but they will make an exception if you meet other qualifications.

These qualifications may include:

High GPA scores during undergraduate studies
Relevant work or military experience
Related master’s degree

Which PhD Programs May Waive the GRE?

Online doctoral programs across a variety of fields may admit students without requiring GRE scores. Commonly, this may include programs related to education, healthcare, human services and technology, and you may have options for PhD or applied doctoral degrees.

Despite the name, a Doctor of Philosophy degree is not limited to the study of philosophy. You can earn a doctor of philosophy degree in many areas, including science, the humanities or education. Your coursework will involve completing a dissertation.

A PhD program is often recommended for students interested in pursuing research or teaching.

Can You Get Into a PhD Program Without GRE Scores?

There are quite a few universities that no longer require the GRE as part of the admissions process. Some don’t require it at all, while others offer GRE waivers if you have a decent GPA, previous graduate-level courses, and similar criteria.

Some PhD Programs Have No GRE Requirement

The Graduate Record Examinations have come to be recognized as synonymous with grad school acceptance. Despite that, there are many schools that will admit you to their doctoral programs even if you’ve never taken this test. In fact, the number of PhD programs that don’t require GRE scores is growing.

In particular, online PhD programs often base their admissions decisions on factors other than exam scores.

Therefore, you may want to start your school-selection process by identifying programs that do not include GRE scores as one of their admissions factors.

Some PhD Programs Offer GRE Waivers

High marks from your last educational endeavor — your master’s degree, for example — may be enough to get you into a PhD program without needing to provide GRE scores.

If you already have work history in your intended field of study, this may also serve as sufficient proof of your competency for the school’s PhD program.

Waiver requirements can vary between schools and may be determined on a case-by-case basis.

List of Doctoral Programs without the GRE

The following doctorate programs do not require the GRE at some universities.

Doctor of Psychology
Doctor of Education
Doctor of Business Administration
Doctor of Social Work
Doctor of Nursing Practice
Doctor of Philosophy

To provide a more comprehensive list, we’ve also included universities that offer GRE waivers.

Key Takeaways

PhD Programs That Don't Require GRE Scores

You may be able to get a PhD or a professional doctorate without ever taking the GRE.

Options include:

Choosing a program with no GRE requirements
Qualifying for a waiver

Skipping GRE test prep may allow you to speed up the process of beginning a fulfilling and challenging doctoral education.

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree .

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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Can you get a Ph.D. without doing a thesis or a dissertation?

Can a thesis be the same as a dissertation?

Although their precise meanings can fluctuate depending on the nation and academic institution, “thesis” and “dissertation” are frequently used synonymously. While “dissertation” is traditionally linked with research projects finished at the doctoral level, in other places, such as the United States, “thesis” is frequently used to refer to a research project completed at the master’s level. However, the terminology may be used differently or the distinction between them may not be as obvious in other nations or settings.

It’s crucial to remember that these phrases can have different meanings in different academic fields and settings. The word “thesis” may be used by some organizations or professions to refer to both master’s and doctoral-level research projects, whereas “dissertation” may be used in other instances. Consequently, it’s better to

To appropriately define and refer to your research topic, it is therefore best to refer to the specific rules and jargon that your institution uses.

In conclusion, although the terms “thesis” and “dissertation” are sometimes used interchangeably, their precise definitions and usage rely on a variety of variables, including the academic level, nation, academic institution, and topic of study.

Is a Ph.D. just a dissertation?

A Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) degree is not just a dissertation. While a dissertation is a significant component of a Ph.D. program, completing a dissertation is one of the requirements for obtaining a Ph.D. degree.

A Ph.D. program involves several other components and requirements, including coursework, comprehensive exams, research seminars, and possibly teaching or other academic responsibilities. These components are designed to provide students with a broad understanding of their field, develop their research and critical thinking skills, and prepare them for independent scholarly work.

The dissertation is the culmination of a Ph.D. program and is an original research project that contributes new knowledge to the field. It requires an in-depth exploration of a specific research question or topic, often involving data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The dissertation demonstrates the student’s ability to conduct independent research, make a significant scholarly contribution, and communicate their findings effectively.

While the dissertation is a substantial part of earning a Ph.D., it is not the only aspect of the degree. Ph.D. programs are rigorous and comprehensive, encompassing coursework, research, and other academic activities, all of which contribute to the development of a well-rounded scholar.

Which doctorate does not require a dissertation?

While most traditional doctoral programs typically require a dissertation or an equivalent research project, some alternative doctoral degrees may not have a dissertation as a requirement. These alternative doctoral degrees often focus on applied or professional practice rather than original research. Here are a few examples:

Doctor of Education (EdD) : The EdD degree is primarily geared towards professionals in the field of education and focuses on applied research and practical applications. While some EdD programs may require a research project or capstone project, they generally place less emphasis on a traditional dissertation compared to a Ph.D.

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) : The DBA is a professional doctorate in the field of business and management. It typically focuses on applied research and the practical application of knowledge in business settings. While some DBA programs may require a research-based dissertation, others may substitute it with a final project, case study, or a portfolio of professional work.

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) : The DNP is a terminal degree in nursing practice and is designed for advanced practice nurses seeking to enhance their clinical expertise and leadership skills. The DNP often emphasizes practical applications and evidence-based practice rather than a traditional research-based dissertation.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) : The PsyD degree is an alternative to the research-focused Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in psychology. The PsyD typically emphasizes clinical practice, counseling, or professional applications of psychology. While some PsyD programs may require a doctoral project or clinical dissertation, they may place less emphasis on original research compared to a Ph.D.

Final Verdict

In most traditional academic settings, earning a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) degree typically requires the completion of a thesis or dissertation, which is a substantial research project that contributes new knowledge to the field. However, there are alternative routes to obtaining a doctoral degree that may not involve a traditional thesis or dissertation.

Some professional doctorate programs, such as the Doctor of Education (EdD), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), and Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), often focus more on applied research, practical applications, or professional practice rather than extensive original research. These programs may require a doctoral project, a portfolio of professional work, or a capstone project instead of a traditional thesis or dissertation.

Additionally, there are other non-traditional doctoral programs that do not require a thesis or dissertation. These programs often have specific requirements and alternative research or project components that allow students to demonstrate their expertise and make a scholarly contribution in different ways. These alternative routes are designed to meet the needs of students pursuing careers in specialized fields or professional practice.

It’s important to note that the availability of non-thesis or non-dissertation Ph.D. programs can vary depending on the country, institution, and field of study. It is advisable to carefully research and consider the specific requirements of the doctoral programs you are interested in to determine if they align with your academic and career goals.

Overall, while it is possible to obtain a Ph.D. without a traditional thesis or dissertation, the options and requirements will depend on the specific program and institution offering the degree.

12 Accredited Universities that don’t Require a Thesis for Online Masters Program

PhD in Arts and Humanities without a Masters

Though not impossible, it is more uncommon for Arts and Humanities students to make the jump from Bachelors to PhD. As these subjects require students to propose an original research project, they need to be able to justify their work in the context of a wider field before they begin. A Masters degree is designed to give students the research experience and additional taught content to be able to do this.

If a Humanities student wanted to jump straight to a PhD they would need to demonstrate extensive research experience, an advanced knowledge of an academic field and a viable topic that will generate original research.

Can you get a PhD without a Masters in the USA?

In the USA , it's fairly common for students to go straight from their undergraduate degree to a PhD. This is because universities will usually award PhD candidates a Masters degree on their way to achieving their final doctorate. American PhD programmes typically have a large taught element during the first 1-4 years, making them suitable for students who have not previously studied at the postgraduate level.

How do you know whether you need a Masters?

PhDs are typically focused on niche topics, so it’s possible to do a project that you have no direct experience in. Instead, do you have experience of research that is relevant to the subject area you want to study? This could look like independent management of a research project over an extended period of time or particular skills that would suit the type of research you want to do. Although a PhD is a time to learn, it is also worth considering whether you would feel confident in your skills and knowledge without a Masters degree.

To gauge if this could be the route for you, make sure to talk to the right people. Talk to an academic who knows you if you’re currently at university. They will be able to advise if they think you’re ready for a PhD, based on their knowledge of your academic ability. It’s also important to talk to potential supervisors at the institutions you plan to apply for. They will let you know whether they think you would be suitable based on your current academic experience.

How to get a PhD without a Masters

There is no one way to get onto a PhD programme without a Masters. Usually, the route you take will depend on your abilities and your subject’s requirements.

Apply for Integrated PhD programmes

PhDs that are four years in length may include one year of training before moving onto a three-year PhD. These programmes may be advertised as Integrated , 1+3 or as part of a Doctoral Training Programme (DTP). If you secure a position with Research Council funding, then you will be funded throughout the entirety of the programme.

An Integrated programme may include lectures, seminars and practical workshops to help improve your research skills in preparation for a PhD. Some of these programmes may offer the opportunity to complete a Masters of Research (MRes) as part of this. You would be required to finish a substantial research project in the first year of study, likely related to your PhD topic. Most Integrated programmes will assess your progress or MRes project and upon successful completion, you will be automatically enrolled onto the PhD programme.

These programmes are a good option for those struggling with the eligibility requirements to go straight onto a PhD programme. Entry onto these programmes is usually a good undergraduate degree (at least an upper 2.1) in a relevant field. They also limit some of the hassle of doing two separate postgraduate degrees. For example, you won’t have to spend time searching and applying for a PhD during your Masters year.

Looking for an integrated PhD programme?

You can browse four-year integrated PhD programmes here on FindAPhD .

Gain professional experience

The other route that students can take to get on a PhD programme without a Masters is through professional experience.

This could look like an Industrial Experience year as part of an undergraduate degree or one to many years working after completion of your previous degree. This is more common in STEM fields and subjects that are predominantly vocational, such as Social Work, Psychology and Business.

The key to optimising professional experience is to demonstrate your relevant research and transferable skills – after all, to complete a PhD you must be able to contextualise your topic in a larger research field. Usually, applicants taking this route will apply to write about a specific subject theme or case study they have professional experience working with.

What is it like to do a PhD without a Masters?

Read about one student's experience making the leap from undergraduate to PhD .

Develop a strong research CV and show academic prowess

Generally this is a less common route, but a strong research CV and academic prowess may be sufficient in subjects where you apply to an advertised project. This is more common in STEM related topics.

If you’re overachieving throughout your Bachelors degree and know you want to move on to postgraduate study, it’s worthwhile talking to an academic you know or your personal tutor. They will have a better grip on your potential fit to current and future research opportunities. They can also advise you on possible internships or summer projects that could help you be more successful in PhD applications.

The benefits of professional experience or a Masters degree

There are many reasons to consider having professional experience or taking a year (or more) out before starting a PhD.

Experience of life outside of academia – This will help you to decide whether to do a PhD for the right reasons: such as whether you really want to pursue research on a specific topic and how it might benefit your career.
Transferable skills from professional experience benefit a PhD – Developing strong time and project management skills can help you balance the demands of a PhD. Usually professional workplaces have set working hours/days and this can teach you to have a good work life balance when working in academia.
Connections outside of academia – Having a professional network can open up opportunities for collaboration during your PhD or help you in the non-academic job market post PhD.
Save time and money – An application with relevant professional experience is still a competitive one and you won’t have to fund and spend additional time studying. It’s worth noting that for those that have been in work for some time, the change in earnings during a PhD could be a consideration.

But there are many reasons to consider studying for a Masters degree. It is worth considering these reasons so as to help you decide whether applying for a PhD without a Masters is for you.

The opportunity to experience postgraduate life – A Masters is more practical and involves more independent work than an undergraduate degree. A PhD builds on this as you are expected to work independently and lead your project. A one year Masters is a good way to assess whether you would want to spend three to four years doing a PhD.
Skills relevant for a PhD – The skills learned during a Masters could be directly applicable to a PhD in that field or a related one. It can be hard to pick a specific research topic and a Masters could help you confirm your interest or show you whether your interests lie elsewhere.
Connections within academia – A Masters allows you to experience working with an academic supervisor and puts you in the best location to connect with other academics and PhD students.
Competitive application – PhD applications are competitive and a Masters degree can offer specific and relevant experience.

Should you do a PhD without a Masters?

Whether you should or should not apply for a PhD without a Masters will depend on you. The first year of a PhD could also prove more difficult for you than others. Without a Masters degree you will have limited (if any) experience of maintaining a supervisor relationship, conducting original research and writing up your findings – all important parts of doing a PhD.

But it is important to remember that while it might initially feel overwhelming, that’s not to say you won’t catch up. And, as someone without a Masters, you shouldn’t face unrealistic expectations from your peers and supervisors. It is possible to have a good PhD experience with either professional experience or a Masters, or both!

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Can you do a PhD without honours?

Study tips Published 24 Jun, 2024 · 3-minute read

Wondering if your academic experience qualifies you for a Doctor of Philosophy? Here’s a guide to help you determine which pathway to a PhD is right for you – with or without an honours degree.

Some people know immediately that they love research. For them, studying an honours degree is an obvious choice, because it provides the most straightforward path to eventually completing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

But what about those of us who discover our passion for research later? What if you've already finished a bachelor’s degree that didn’t have an honours year built into it?

Well, don't give up on your research dreams too quickly. You may be able to complete a 1-year honours degree as an extension of your bachelor’s degree. For example, UQ offers standalone honours degrees to complement almost all of our undergraduate study areas – from communication and commerce to midwifery and mathematics.

And a standalone honours year isn’t your only way forward, either. Because you can do a PhD without completing an honours degree. In fact, having an honours degree on your transcript is only one of multiple pathways available.

Let’s explore all your options for getting PhD-ready.

PhD pathway #1: bachelor’s degree with honours or a standalone honours degree

If you’ve completed a bachelor’s degree with built-in honours by research* or a standalone honours degree, and you achieved first class or second class (division A) honours or higher, most universities will consider you for their PhD program. This is because an honours degree provides the research experience to prepare you for what’s in store.

*If your bachelor’s degree included an honours year, this will only help qualify you for a PhD program if the honours component was a research project.

At UQ, you’ll need your honours to be in an area related to your proposed PhD topic , and you’ll need to have completed it within the last 10 years.

PhD pathway #2: master’s degree

You could be eligible for a PhD program if you’ve completed a research master’s degree (typically a Master of Philosophy ) or a coursework master’s degree* with a relevant research component. Just like with an honours degree, your master’s degree will need to be relevant to your PhD topic and completed no more than 10 years ago.

*At UQ, you’ll need to have maintained a grade point average (GPA) of 5.65 or higher in your coursework master’s degree to be considered for a PhD.

PhD pathway #3: research experience

Whether you can do a PhD without having completed an honours degree or a master’s degree ultimately comes down to demonstrating your ‘research preparedness’.

You may be considered for a PhD if you can provide evidence of considerable research experience (at least 2 years). This proof should demonstrate that you’re capable of planning and executing a body of research with some independence. Examples include:

substantial contributions to scholarly papers in recognised academic journals
significant contributions to research or technical reports for industry, government or business (the reports must adhere to academic publishing conventions)
a portfolio of published creative work alongside critical, scholarly discussion of that work
industry or work experience in which you’ve planned and executed a research project with a high level of independence.

Even with demonstrated research experience, you’ll also need an approved degree, such as a bachelor’s degree or a postgraduate diploma.

Learn more about UQ’s PhD entry requirements

Which PhD pathway is best?

There really isn’t a ‘best’ path to getting into a PhD program. It just depends on what stage of your academic journey you’re at when you realise you'd like to pursue a higher degree by research.

The factor that all pathways have in common is that you need demonstrated experience in conducting research. Because a PhD isn’t suited to someone learning the ropes and testing the waters – it's for proven scholars who have already discovered their passion for research.

Thinking about applying for a PhD soon? Want some tips for finding a supervisor or writing your proposal? Explore all aspects of starting your research degree in our comprehensive guide: How to get a PhD .

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Can You Publish Research Without a PhD? Simple Guide to Publishing

Discover how to publish research without a PhD. Our guide explains the process, requirements, and tips for successfully publishing your work as a non-PhD researcher.

Derek Pankaew

Jun 11, 2024

Can You Publish Research Without a PhD? Simple Guide to Publishing

Publishing a research paper is a cornerstone of academic and scientific progress.

It allows researchers to share their findings, contribute to their field, and build their academic careers.

Research papers, particularly those published in peer-reviewed journals, serve as a testament to a researcher's research acumen potential and their ability to generate new knowledge.

Peer-reviewed publications are essential for validating the quality and credibility of research.

They play a crucial role in the dissemination of scientific information and the advancement of various fields, from STEM to the humanities.

Common Misconceptions About Needing a PhD to Publish

It's a common misconception that you need to have a PhD to publish research. This idea is not only incorrect but also potentially discouraging to many aspiring researchers. Many PhD students and established researchers without a PhD have made significant contributions to their fields through publication. This guide aims to clarify the process and offer a clear path for anyone interested in publishing research without a PhD.

Types of Research Publications

Understanding the various types of various research articles and publications is crucial for any aspiring researcher. Each type of published work has its own set of norms, expectations, and potential audiences.

Peer-Reviewed Journals

Peer-reviewed journals are considered the gold standard in academic publishing. These journals use a rigorous peer-review journal submission process where experts in the field evaluate the quality, originality, and significance of the submitted work. Publishing in a peer-reviewed journal not only adds credibility to your research but also ensures that your work is thoroughly vetted. Peer-reviewed publications are highly valued in academia and are essential for advancing one's academic career.

Conference Proceedings

Conference proceedings are collections of papers presented at academic conferences. These publications often provide a platform for presenting preliminary findings and receiving feedback from peers before submitting to a peer-reviewed journal. Conferences can be internal or external and can range from highly specialized meetings to large, multidisciplinary gatherings. Participating in conferences, whether internal or external conferences, also helps in networking and establishing connections with other researchers in your field.

Book Chapters

Contributing or writing a chapter to an edited volume can be a valuable way to publish research, especially if the journal or book is well-regarded in your field. Book chapters can provide more space to develop ideas and are often less constrained by strict formatting guidelines than journal articles. Writing book chapters allows researchers to explore broader themes and integrate various aspects of their research.

Preprints and Working Papers

Preprints and working papers are versions of research papers that are shared publicly before undergoing peer review. These publications allow researchers to disseminate their findings quickly and receive early feedback. Many preprint servers are discipline-specific, and some journals now accept submissions of published papers from other candidates that have been previously posted as preprints. This approach can be particularly useful for researchers looking to establish priority for their findings or seeking rapid dissemination of their work.

Steps to Publish Research Without a PhD

Publishing research or papers published without a PhD requires dedication, meticulous planning, and a clear understanding of the publication process. Here are the essential steps:

I. Conduct Original Research

1. Identify a Research Question

The foundation of any research project is a well-defined research question. This question should address a gap in the current knowledge or offer a new perspective on an existing issue. Take the time to conduct a thorough literature review to ensure that your question is novel and relevant. PhD students often spend significant time identifying a research question that will guide their dissertation. For those without a PhD, it is equally important to frame a question that can lead to a significant and original contribution to your field.

2. Design a Study

Once you have your research question, the next step is to design a study that can answer it. This involves selecting appropriate methodologies, defining your variables, and planning your data collection process. Whether you are conducting experiments, surveys, or qualitative research, a robust study design is crucial. Designing a study requires careful consideration of the methods that will best answer your research question and ensure the reliability and validity of your results.

3. Collect and Analyze Data

Data collection should be systematic and ethical. Depending on your research area, this might involve laboratory experiments, fieldwork, or archival research. Once you have collected your data, analyze it using appropriate statistical or qualitative methods. Your analysis should directly address your research question and be robust enough to withstand scrutiny. For those without access to a research lab, collaboration with institutions or leveraging open-access data can be invaluable.

II. Choose a Suitable Publication Outlet

1. Consider the Audience and Scope

Select a publication outlet that aligns with the scope and audience of your research. For example, if your research is highly specialized, look for journals relevant to that niche. If it has broader implications, a more generalist journal might be appropriate. Understanding your audience helps in tailoring your manuscript to meet the expectations and interests of the readers.

2. Check Author Guidelines and Requirements

Each publication outlet has specific author guidelines and requirements. These guidelines cover formatting, length, style, and submission procedures. Adhering to these guidelines is critical, as failure to do so can result in immediate rejection. Thoroughly reviewing the author's guidelines before submission can save time and increase the likelihood of acceptance.

III. Prepare Your Manuscript

1. follow the structure and formatting guidelines.

Your manuscript should be well-structured and formatted according to the guidelines of your chosen publication outlet. Typically, a research paper includes sections such as the abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and references. Ensure that each section is clear and concise. Proper structure and formatting enhance the readability and professionalism of your manuscript.

2. Ensure Clarity, Coherence, and Proper Citations

Clarity and coherence are essential for making your research accessible and understandable. Use clear language and logical flow to present your findings. Additionally, proper citations are crucial to acknowledge the work of others and to situate your research within the existing literature. Accurate citations and a well-organized reference list demonstrate thorough engagement with the literature and add credibility to your published work alone.

IV. Submit Your Manuscript

1. write a compelling cover letter.

A cover letter accompanies your manuscript submission and provides an opportunity to highlight the significance of the paper and your research. It should succinctly summarize your study, explain its contribution to the field, and justify why it is suitable for the chosen publication outlet you submit to. A compelling cover letter can capture the editor's interest and set the stage for a positive review process.

2. Provide Necessary Information and Disclosures

Be transparent about any potential conflicts of interest, funding sources, and ethical considerations. Full disclosure ensures the integrity of the publication process. Ethical transparency and disclosure of funding sources are critical for maintaining the trust and credibility of your research.

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Respond to Reviewers' Comments (if applicable)

1. address feedback constructively.

Receiving feedback from reviewers is an integral part of the peer review process. Address each comment constructively and make necessary revisions to improve your manuscript. If you disagree with a comment, provide a reasoned argument. Constructive engagement with reviewers' feedback demonstrates your commitment to improving your work and can lead to writing a stronger final manuscript.

2. Make Required Revisions and Resubmit

After making revisions, resubmit your manuscript along with a detailed response to the reviewers' comments. This response should outline the changes made and how they address the reviewers' feedback. Clear communication and thorough revisions can significantly enhance the likelihood of your manuscript being accepted for publication.

Challenges and Considerations

Publishing research without a PhD can present unique challenges. Being aware of these challenges can help you navigate them effectively.

A. Lack of Institutional Affiliation

One of the biggest hurdles for independent researchers or those without a PhD is the lack of institutional affiliation. Many journals and conferences may have biases toward submissions from established institutions. However, demonstrating the quality and rigor of your research can help overcome this barrier. Joining professional organizations, attending conferences, and building a network can help mitigate the effects of not having an institutional affiliation.

B. Limited Access to Resources and Funding

Conducting research often requires access to resources such as laboratory equipment, libraries, and funding. Without institutional support, obtaining these resources can be challenging. Consider collaborating with established researchers or institutions, applying for grants, or utilizing open-access resources. Leveraging public datasets and collaborating with institutions that have the necessary infrastructure can be vital for conducting robust research.

C. Potential Biases in the Review Process

The peer review process is not immune to biases. Reviewers may have preconceived notions about the credibility of research based on the author's affiliation or lack of a PhD. Maintaining high standards in your research and presentation can help mitigate these biases. Ensuring methodological rigor and clarity in your writing can counteract potential biases and demonstrate the quality of your work.

D. Importance of Networking and Collaboration

Networking and collaboration are vital in the research community. Building relationships with other researchers can provide opportunities for co-authorship, mentorship, and access to resources. Attend conferences, join professional organizations, and engage in academic discussions online. Networking can open doors to collaboration, provide feedback on your work, and help you stay updated on developments in your field.

E. Using Tools Like Listening.com

In today’s digital age, tools like Listening.com can significantly aid researchers by converting academic papers into audio formats. This allows researchers to listen to research articles on the go, maximizing productivity during commutes or downtime.

PhD students and independent researchers can keep up with previously published papers, gather new insights, and stay updated on developments in their research field without being tied to a desk. This flexibility can be particularly beneficial when balancing research with other commitments, enhancing the overall research and publication process.

V. Alternative Ways to Contribute to Research

If traditional publication routes are challenging, there are alternative ways to contribute new findings to the research community.

A. Participate in Citizen Science Projects

Citizen science projects involve public participation in scientific research. These projects can range from data collection and analysis to dissemination of findings. Participating in such projects allows you to contribute to science and can provide valuable research experience. Citizen science projects can also offer opportunities to work on large-scale studies that require extensive data collection efforts.

B. Collaborate with Established Researchers

Working with established researchers can open doors to publishing opportunities. Reach out to researchers in your field, express your interest in their work, and propose collaboration. Demonstrating your skills and enthusiasm can lead to fruitful partnerships. Collaboration with established researchers can also provide mentorship and guidance, enhancing your research acumen.

C. Share Findings Through Blogs, Websites, or Social Media

The digital age offers numerous platforms for sharing research findings. Blogs, personal websites, and social media channels can reach wide audiences and facilitate engagement with your work. While these platforms may not carry the same weight as peer-reviewed publications, they are valuable for dissemination and discussion. Utilizing these platforms can also help build your profile and establish you as a thought leader in your area of expertise.

VI. The Role of PhD Students and Programs in Research

A. advantages of being a phd student.

PhD students have several advantages when it comes to conducting and publishing research. They have access to the resources, guidance, and support provided by their PhD program and university. This includes access to research labs, libraries, funding, and potential supervisors who can offer mentorship and collaborate on research projects.

PhD students also have the opportunity to engage in a rigorous training process that hones their research skills and prepares them for a career in academia or research.

B. Expectations for PhD Students

PhD programs at universities typically have high expectations for their students in terms of research output. Publishing papers is often a key requirement for completing a PhD and demonstrating one's research acumen. Many PhD students are expected to publish several papers in peer-reviewed journals during their program. This pressure to publish can be intense, but it also provides motivation and opportunities for PhD students to contribute significantly to their field.

C. Collaborations and Networking

PhD programs provide a rich environment for collaboration and networking. PhD students have the opportunity to work closely with their supervisors, other faculty members, and fellow students on research projects.

These collaborations can lead to co-authored publications and help PhD students build their professional network. Attending conferences, both internal and external, is also an important part of the PhD experience. It allows students to present their work, receive feedback, and connect with researchers from other institutions.

VII. Discipline-Specific Considerations

A. stem fields.

In STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), publishing in peer-reviewed journals is particularly crucial. These fields tend to have a strong emphasis on empirical research and value publications as a key measure of a researcher's productivity and impact.

PhD students in STEM fields are often expected to publish multiple papers in high-quality journals before graduating. The competitive nature of these fields makes it important for researchers, with or without a PhD, to consistently produce high-quality, original research to establish themselves.

B. Non-STEM Areas

While publishing is also important in non-STEM areas, the expectations and norms for acquiring publications can vary considerably depending on the specific academic discipline. In some humanities and social science fields, for example, book chapters and monographs may be more valued than journal articles.

The peer review process for academic publications can also differ, with some academic fields placing more emphasis on single-blind or open review rather than the double-blind review common in STEM. Nonetheless, demonstrating research acumen through publications remains important for establishing credibility and advancing one's career in non-STEM academic fields.

VIII. Conclusion

Publishing research without a PhD is not only possible but also increasingly common. By understanding the types of publications, following the proper steps, and navigating potential challenges, you can contribute meaningful research to your research field too.

Remember, diverse perspectives enrich the research community, and your unique insights are valuable. Whether through traditional publications, collaborations, or alternative dissemination methods, pursue your research interests with confidence and perseverance. The scientific and academic communities thrive on the contributions of dedicated researchers, regardless of their formal qualifications.

Embrace the journey of research and publication. Your work has the potential to make a significant impact, and your voice is an important addition to the ongoing scholarly conversation. Your research understanding gained through direct experience and dedication, will demonstrate real evidence of your capabilities and contribute to advancing knowledge in your field.

With determination and strategic planning, you can successfully navigate the publication process and see your research published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, book chapters, or in several other ways and venues. Each publication option offers unique opportunities to share your findings, engage with the academic community, and build your academic career.

Remember, many PhD students and researchers without a PhD have successfully published their work, and you can too. Your research project or published paper, whether part of undergraduate or master's projects, has the potential to contribute significantly to your particular research field.

In conclusion, the journey to publishing research without a PhD may have its challenges, but it is a worthwhile endeavor. Your contributions are valuable, and your perseverance can lead to significant achievements.

Whether you have previously published papers, are a PhD student, a master's student, or an independent researcher, the path to publication is open to you. Use this simple guide to navigate the process and take pride in the knowledge that your work can make a meaningful impact in your field and beyond.

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COMMENTS

Can I Do PhD Without a Supervisor in 2024?
A PhD supervisor, also referred to as a doctoral advisor or guide, plays a pivotal role in the pursuit of a PhD degree. This individual is an experienced researcher and scholar who provides comprehensive guidance, mentorship, and oversight to the doctoral candidate throughout the research journey. The supervisor's role extends beyond mere ...
Can You Get a PhD Without an Advisor?
An advisor can be an invaluable mentor to help understand the world, guide you towards your question, and find the best way to answer it. But at the end of the day, the PhD is about your question, not theirs. It's about making your first novel contribution to a field, and while advisors can make the process a lot easier, it's important to ...
Grad Life: Can You Get a PhD Without an Advisor?
But at the end of the day, the PhD is about your question, not theirs. It's about making your first novel contribution to a field, and while advisors can make the process a lot easier, it's important to remember why you're doing the work in the first place. Many graduate students find themselves without an advisor at some point, and that ...
What is the route to a postdoc without a PhD supervisor?
A PHD advisor is not going to have you fill out forms, they're going to teach you how to do research. Without an advisor you still have to do all the same paperwork to get your PHD, but without any help. Imagine spending 4 years writing a thesis, and then the reviewers are like "no, this is shite, this is not a PHD.".
PhD FAQs
Yes you can. Though to avoid confusion with medical doctors, rarely will PhD-holders use the "Dr" title outside of their workplace. Sometimes PhD-holders will add the abbreviation PhD after their name if they want to make it clear they are a non-medical doctor, for example "Jeff Clark PhD".
The Complete Guide to PhD Admissions
The verbal sections each consist of 20 questions, to be answered over 30 minutes. The whole is scored on a scale of 130-170. The quantitative section is scored the same, and consists of two 20 question sections, each of which should be completed in 35 minutes. The writing section is scored from 0-6.
2024 Best Doctorate Degrees Online [No Dissertation Required]
Higher education is continuing to change at a rapid pace. As another example, a number of PhD programs without GRE requirements are appearing. How Many Credits Do PhD Programs Require? Most PhD programs require between 54 and 90 credit hours. That's between 18 and 30 courses. This is true for both campus-based PhD programs and online PhD ...
Is it possible to present a PhD thesis without an advisor?
3 Recommendations. Yes it is possible, there was an English researcher/physicist who became physics professor directly, skipping both the Diploma and degree process as he would spend a lot of time ...
PhD without a Masters in the USA: A Comprehensive Guide
The primary advantage for many is the saved time. Traditionally, students spend two years in a master's program, followed by 4-6 years for a PhD. By opting for a direct PhD, one might shave off a couple of years from their academic journey. This not only translates to saved time but also reduced tuition and associated costs.
PDF GRAD Guide to Applying to Ph.D. Programs
A Ph.D. is a research degree that involves the production of original knowledge and scholarship. Doctoral degrees have traditionally been regarded as training programs for academics. As such, a Ph.D. program differs from undergraduate or Master's studies. Most Ph.D. programs involve some initial coursework (specific requirements for ...
Explained: What Is a PhD Degree?
We have a whole guide dedicated to helping you decide whether a PhD without a Masters is the right route for you. The origin of the PhD. Despite its name, the PhD isn't actually an Ancient Greek degree. Instead it's a much more recent development. The PhD as we know it was developed in nineteenth-century Germany, alongside the modern research ...
2024 Best Universities That Offer PhD Without Masters
University of Oklahoma. The University of Oklahoma offers a PhD in Nursing with a fast-track to PhD option for students who have a BSN but not a master's degree. All coursework is fully online. The program can potentially be finished in 36 months, and there are start dates in the fall, spring, and summer.
Is it possible to write a thesis and obtain a doctoral degree without
Of course, you may also pursue your PhD without obtaining your master's, but completing your master's would really help. And don't worry, there are others who have been in a similar situation. ... Editage Insights offers a wealth of free academic research and publishing resources and is a one-stop guide for authors and others involved in ...
PDF Guidelines for The PhD Dissertation
application may be disclosed publicly without a loss of patent rights. Deposit in the University Archives A hardbound archival paper copy of the submitted, approved work is also deposited in the University Archives. A mandatory $25 fee for this printed and bound copy of the dissertation is included in the online submission process.
Studying a PhD in The USA: The Complete Guide
1. PhD course length. The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 ...
What is it Like to Do a PhD Without a Masters?
Without the experience of academic research during a Masters, you may find you have a steeper learning curve during the first year of your PhD . Some of these skills include how to maintain the student-supervisor relationship, how to conduct original research and write up your findings. If everyone around you has that academic experience ...
50 Best PhD Programs That Don't Require GRE
Compare PhD programs without the GRE (Campus & Online). We've identified a number of accredited universities that don't require the GRE as part of their PhD application process. Doctor of Business Administration University of Phoenix. Develop a mindset of change and innovation.
Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?
For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide. PhD without a Masters - How Does It Work? To be considered for a PhD without a Master's, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant ...
Can you get a Ph.D. without doing a thesis or a dissertation?
In most traditional academic settings, earning a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) degree typically requires the completion of a thesis or dissertation, which is a substantial research project that contributes new knowledge to the field. However, there are alternative routes to obtaining a doctoral degree that may not involve a traditional thesis or ...
Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD? What You Need to Know
The short answer is that it is possible to do a PhD without a Masters. The long answer is that it is dependent on your personal experience, your subject area, the duration of your PhD programme and the location, as requirements can vary by country. It's technically possible in any discipline, but much more common in STEM or vocational subjects.
Can You Get a PhD without a Master's? Yes, but Here's Why You Shouldn't
It's almost a sure pass to a doctoral programme. 3. A Master's is the only way to a PhD in a new field. It does not matter where you want to pursue a PhD, if you don't have the right academic background in a connected subject area, your chances of being accepted to a PhD are little to zero. So, if you want to change careers and pursue a ...
Can you do a PhD without honours?
PhD pathway #3: research experience. Whether you can do a PhD without having completed an honours degree or a master's degree ultimately comes down to demonstrating your 'research preparedness'. You may be considered for a PhD if you can provide evidence of considerable research experience (at least 2 years). This proof should demonstrate ...
Can You Publish Research Without a PhD? Simple Guide to Publishing
This guide aims to clarify the process and offer a clear path for anyone interested in publishing research without a PhD. Types of Research Publications Understanding the various types of various research articles and publications is crucial for any aspiring researcher.
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