omit the page number.
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APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.
It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.
Missing element | What to do | Reference format |
---|---|---|
Author | Start the reference entry with the source title. | Title. (Date). Source. |
Date | Write “n.d.” for “no date”. | Author. (n.d.). Title. Source. |
Title | Describe the work in square brackets. | Author. (Date). [Description]. Source. |
On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .
Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:
On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).
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If the first authors of multiple references share the same surname but have different initials, include the first authors’ initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs. Initials help avoid confusion within the text and help readers locate the correct entry in the reference list.
(J. M. Taylor & Neimeyer, 2015; T. Taylor, 2014)
Citing authors with the same surname is covered in Sections 8.20 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition
If the first authors of multiple references share the same surname and the same initials, cite the works in the standard author–date format.
Sometimes people publish under multiple names because of a name change (e.g., transgender authors, authors with a change in marital status). It is seldom relevant to note that two names refer to the same person. When a given name has changed, include initials with in-text citations only when the initials are different.
If it is necessary to clarify that two names refer to the same person (e.g., to avoid confusion when reviewing an author’s body of work), consult the person and respect their preferences in whether and how to address the name change. If it is necessary to clarify that two names refer to different people to avoid confusion, include the first name of the first author in the in-text citation: “Sarah Williams (2019) stated X, whereas Shonda Williams (2020) stated Y.”
If multiple authors within a single reference share the same surname, the initials are not needed in the in-text citation; cite the work in the standard author–date format.
(Chen & Chen, 2019)
COMMENTS
Paraphrases. A paraphrase restates another's idea (or your own previously published idea) in your own words. Paraphrasing allows you to summarize and synthesize information from one or more sources, focus on significant information, and compare and contrast relevant details. Published authors paraphrase their sources most of the time, rather ...
If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by "(Eds.)" without the quotation marks (see the example below). The rest of the format would remain the same. General Format. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname ...
Two Authors. In citing two authors in a parenthetical citation, the authors' last names should be separated by the ampersand symbol (&), followed by year of publication. For example: … overreliance on detailed rules (Pierre & Frank, 2007). For the narrative citation, the last names of the two authors should be separated by 'and.'.
In-text citations briefly identify the source of information in the body text. They correspond to a full reference entry at the end of your paper. APA in-text citations consist of the author's last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page number or range, for example (Parker, 2020, p.
Solution #2: How to cite an article with more than 20 authors in APA style. If an article has more than 20 authors, all authors do not need to be listed in the reference. Instead, name the first 19, then use an ellipsis (…), then add the name of the final author listed. The ellipsis acts as a substitute for all the names between the first 19 ...
Activity 3: Writing a Long Paraphrase. This activity consists of three steps: Read the following published paragraphs and summarize them in your own words in two to three sentences (a long paraphrase). Do not repeat every idea. Instead, highlight important findings and accurately represent the meaning of the original.
A guide to help users create citations using APA (American Psychological Association) style, 7th edition. APA Toggle Dropdown. ... Journal Article with Two Authors (p. 198) Helpful Tips: ... (Paraphrase): (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year) In-Text Citation (Quotation): ...
If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by " (Eds.)" without the quotation marks (see the Example ). The rest of the format would remain the same. General Format. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by "(Eds.)" without the quotation marks (see the Example). The rest of the format would remain the same. General Format. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname & Author ...
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
Parenthetical citation. For an APA parenthetical citation, write your paraphrase and then add the author and year in parenthesis at the end. Use a comma between the author and the year inside the parenthesis, and put the period for the end of the sentence outside the parenthesis. Example 1: Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light.
The APA manual recommends the use of the author-date citation structure for in-text citation references. This structure requires that any in-text citation (i.e., within the body of the text) be accompanied by a corresponding reference list entry. In the in-text citation provide the surname of the author but do not include suffixes such as "Jr.".
A guide to help users create citations using APA (American Psychological Association) style, 7th edition. Skip to Main Content. ... Journal Article with Two Authors (p. 198) ... In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number) References ...
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism. We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.
If you are quoting directly (not a common practice in APA style writing) the page number should be included, if given. If you are paraphrasing the page number is not required. If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title. Follow the same formatting that was used in the title, such as italics: (Naturopathic ...
American Psychological Association (APA, 2020). APA (2020). Group author without abbreviation (Department of Health, 2020). Department of Health (2020). Long Paraphrases & Paragraphs. ... You must reintroduce the citation if the paraphrase continues across multiple paragraphs. If the paragraph or sentence contains information from multiple ...
Summarizing is very similar to paraphrasing in that it also involves putting someone else's ideas into your own words in order to condense the material. A summary includes only the main points and/or ideas in a longer passage or entire work. If you have two or more authors, use the word 'and' for narrative citations and the ampersand '&' for ...
How to Paraphrase APA with Multiple Authors. There are always two ways to cite a source. 1. Put the author's name in the text as part of your sentence. 2. Put the name of the author in parentheses. Use only last names in APA in-text citations; don't include book or article titles. The date must come right after the name of the author.
Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year. If you are using more than one reference by the same author—or the same group of authors listed in the same order—published in the same year, first check to see if they have more specific dates (this recommendation is new to APA 7).Works with only a year should be listed before those with a more specific date.
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr's free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).
When citing multiple works parenthetically, place the citations in alphabetical order, separating them with semicolons. (Adams et al., 2019; Shumway & Shulman, 2015; Westinghouse, 2017) Arrange two or more works by the same authors by year of publication. Place citations with no date first.
Unlike an edited book, where each chapter has unique authors, usually you expect an authored book to have the same author(s) throughout. Thus, citing a chapter of an edited book is common, but as a general rule, citing chapters from authored books is not. For authored books, the whole book is referenced, with specific chapters included in the in-text citation as needed.
Sometimes people publish under multiple names because of a name change (e.g., transgender authors, authors with a change in marital status). It is seldom relevant to note that two names refer to the same person. When a given name has changed, include initials with in-text citations only when the initials are different.