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11 Facts About The India's Research And Analysis Wing (RAW) That Are Unknown To Most Of Us
It must be quite an adrenaline pumping occupation, working for the Research & Analysis Wing or RAW. Undercover operations, being sent to different countries all across the planet, the cool gadgets, the wine, the women. Not to forget, the chase. But do you know how much of it actually holds true? Do movies like the Bourne series, the Mission Impossible series, or the iconic James Bond actually depict intelligence agencies accurately? These facts on RAW, will help us find out.
1. RAW’s motto is ‘धर्मो रक्षति रक्षित:’, which basically translates to he who does not observe Dharma is destroyed, while he who follows it meticulously is protected. Dharma, in this context, stands for the nation.
graemeshimmin.com
2. RAW came into being on September 21st, 1968, after the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and the India-Pakistan war of 1965, which exposed gaps in intelligence gathering undertaken by the Intelligence Bureau (which, until then, handled both domestic and foreign intelligence). Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and her government, felt the need for an agency that would raise an alarm, and protect India before it went to war, or was hit by a terror attack. This agency would counter, or tackle them with whatever step they deemed necessary. RAW's first director was Rameshwar Nath Kao.
2.bp.blogspot.com
3. RAW officials are sent to various places across the country and the world for rigorous training, including countries like United States, United Kingdom and Israel. Trainees receive an exhaustive training in the art of self-defence, mainly Krav Maga, and the use of technical espionage devices.
kravmagaindia.in
4. In 1984, in a very important call to the Indian military, RAW informed that Pakistan's operation 'Ababeel' was planning to capture the Saltoro ridge in Siachen. Thanks to the timely tip, the Indian army was able to launch operation 'Meghdoot', which forced the Pakistan army to retreat even before they could enter the territory.
postimg.org
5. Initially, RAW used to hire people only from IB (Intelligence Bureau), Indian police services, and Indian military or revenue departments. However, being recruited in the Research and Analysis Wing now is comparatively a lot simpler than before. They have even started picking up students from universities. One incredible story was of Ravinder Kaushik, India's biggest mole in Pakistan.
6. RAW was successful in tapping the telephonic conversation that took place between then Pakistan army chief, Parvez Musharraf, and his chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Mohammed Aziz, which confirmed Pakistan’s involvement in the Kargil incursion.
7. RAW, at any given point of time, is not answerable to the parliament of India on any issue. This same provision keeps it out of reach of the Right To Information (RTI) act.
8. In fact, RAW is only answerable to the Prime Minister of the country, and the Joint Intelligence Committee. The head of RAW is called the "Secretary"(research) in the cabinet secretariat. The current chief of RAW is Rajinder Khanna.
northindiatimes.com
9. Training for RAW generally lasts for a couple of years. There's a basic training, and there's an advanced training.
The basic training generally lasts no longer than 10 days where the trainees are familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage (all that the movies tell us is absolute bull). Financial and economic analysis, space technology, information security, energy security and scientific knowledge is given to the trainees. The recruit is made to specialise in a foreign language and are introduced to geo strategic analysis. Case studies of other agencies like CIA, KGB, ISI, Mossad and MI6 are presented for study. The inductee is also taught that intelligence organisations do not identify who is a friend and who is a foe; the country's foreign policy does.
After completing 'Basic Training', the recruit is sent to a Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). His/her training here lasts for 1–2 years where they are given given firsthand experience of what it was to be out in the figurative cold, conducting clandestine operations. During night exercises under realistic conditions, he/she is taught infiltration and ex-filtration. They are also taught how to avoid capture and if caught, how to face interrogation. He/she learns the art of reconnoitre, making contacts, and the numerous skills of operating an intelligence mission. At the end of the field training, the new recruit is brought back to the school for final polishing.
10. RAW once beat ISI at their own game.
An Indian agent of RAW, Hashum Qureshi in Srinagar was working in league with the BSF. In Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, a Pakistan-sponsored terrorist organisation, launched the Al-Fatah organisation for liberation of J&K from India. 36 of these members were arrested by J&K Police with the help of Indian Intelligence Agencies. In order to get more inside information, RAW decided to infiltrate Qureshi into this organization as he was well aware of the terrain of POK.
But he was won over by the Pakistani Intelligence, the ISI. There, he was given training to hijack a plane by a former Pakistani pilot. When he was sent back to India, the BSF arrested him and he cracked upon interrogation. The plan was to hijack the plane which would be piloted by Rajiv Gandhi, son of Mrs. Indira Gandhi then Prime Minister of India. When this startling disclosure was reported to the head of BSF and RAW, India decided to beat Pakistan at their own game!
RAW and BSF persuaded Qureshi to work for them in order to save him from execution by the Indian authorities. According to the plan, Qureshi would hijack an Indian Airlines aircraft flying from Srinagar to Lahore. In return, he would demand the release of 36 members of the Al-Fatah who were in jail in India. A Fokker Friendship aircraft, Ganga, which was retired from Indian Airlines was inducted for this operation. The plane was hijacked and he was allowed a toy pistol and a fake grenade inside the plane. Pakistani authorities at Lahore allowed the plane to land when there were informed that it had been hijacked by National Liberation Front of POK. All India Radio soon made the broadcast of this hijack. The whole world, by now, was informed that the Pakistani government was behind this hijack. He demanded (as planned) the release of 36 Al-Fatah members in the custody of India, which India declined. Qureshi was given political asylum and hailed as a freedom fighter in Pakistan. He spoke to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Later the passengers of the plane came by road to India and the plane was burned by Pakistan.
Why did India execute this operation?
The Indian government banned all the flights of Pakistan flying over our territory and it exposed that Pakistani state openly and actively supporting terrorists. Pakistan was trying to curb the civil unrest in East Pakistan by using civil flights to send resources. The shortest air route between east and west Pakistan was from Indian Air Space. Any other air route without using India air space was at least 3 times longer and time/fuel consuming. Pakistan had to go around India, via Sri Lanka. The hijacking greatly slowed down the arrival of Pakistani Army through air. This was a master stroke by RAW during the 1971 war for liberation of Bangladesh by India.
airport-data.com
11. Amalgamation of Sikkim
Bordered by Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and West Bengal in the Eastern Himalayas, Sikkim was ruled by a Maharaja right from Indian Independence. The Indian Government had recognised the title of Chogyal (Dharma Raja) for the Maharaja of Sikkim. In 1972, RAW was authorised by Indira Gandhi to install a pro-Indian democratic government there. In less than three years, Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union, on April 26, 1975. Kazi Lhendup Dorjee Khangsarpa was the first democratic chief minister of Sikkim.
1.bp.blogspot.com
Most of the information has been taken from this Quora thread.
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The RAW: Understanding India's External Intelligence Agency
- Thread starter Rage
- Start date Sep 29, 2009
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- To monitor political and military developments in adjacent countries, including China and Pakistan, which have a direct or indirect bearing upon India's national security and upon the formulation of its foreign policy; Technical and Technological espionage under the auspices of the National Technical Facilities Organisation (NTFO).
- To make the control and limitation of the supply of military hardware to Pakistan, mostly from European countries, the USA and China, a priority.
- To gather intelligence on leadership, capabilities and organization of various insurgency groups operating in adjacent states that pose a national security or integrity threat, and to thwart these using covert operations, assassinations, sabotage, indirect political coercion and exo-agent and interagent collusion where possible.
- To further geopolitical goals, encourage a strategic balance and evince a deterrence of external collusion with domestic insurgency groups by establishing working relationships with secessionist agencies abroad.
- To provide security for India's nuclear program.
[In continuum].... Controversies: The main controversies which have plagued the R&AW in recent years are over bureaucratization of the system, favoritism in promotions, ego clashes and inter-departmental rivalry. R&AW also suffers from ethnic and representative imbalances in the officer level. In 2006, Indian magazine Outlook reported that although India has a Muslim minority numbering around 160 million, not a single high level muslim officer existed in R&AW. Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B.Raman has criticised the agency for its asymmetric growth and has sought to summarize its abilities in the following: "while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, relatively weak in high-grade intelligence. Strong in technical intelligence, weak in human intelligence. Strong in collation, weak in analysis. Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention." In September 2007, R&AW was involved in a controversy due to a high profile Central Bureau of Investigation Task Force raid at the residence of Major General (retired) V K Singh, a retired Joint Secretary of R&AW who has recently written a book on R&AW where it was alleged that political interference and corruption in the intelligence agency has made it vulnerable to defections. A case under the Official Secrets Act has also been filed against V K Singh. Another controversy erupted for the agency when a senior technical officer was arrested by the CBI on graft charges, on February 4, 2009. The scientist, a Director level employee, worked in the division that granted export licenses to companies dealing in “sensitive” items, including defence-related equipment. He was accused of demanding and accepting a bribe of Rs.1 lakh from a Chennai based manufacturer for obtaining an export license. In June 2004, the spy scandal involving former Joint Secretary and head of R&AW's South East Asia department Rabinder Singh's defection to the United States seriously tarnished the image of the organization as an effective agency. The RAW had already become suspicious about his movements and he was put under physical and telephone surveillance following the mistrust. He was confronted by Counter Intelligence officials on 19 April 2004, Despite all precautions, Rabinder Singh managed to defect with 'sensitive files' he had allegedly removed from R&AW's headquarters in south New Delhi. The embarrassing fiasco and major national security failure was attributed to weak surveillance, shoddy investigation and lack of coordination between the Counter-Intelligence and Security (CIS), the IB and the R&AW. Recently in an affidavit submitted to the court, R&AW deposed that Singh has been traced to and put under surveillance in New Jersey. In 2007, a spy scandal involving a Bangladeshi DGFI agent and known by the name of Diwan Chand Mallik was brought to light when he was known to have known posessed some important documents damaging to national security. A case of forgery was filed at the Lodhi Colony police station against the individual on the basis of a complaint by a senior R&AW official, however he was failed to be taken into custody. In Popular Culture Excessive secrecy and rare declassification of activities have ensured that the RAW has remained out of the public imagination. However, films like Mission Istanbul , Asambhav , Dasavathaaram and Veer-Zaara have either made mention of or fictionally predicated themselves upon the agency. Acknowledgments: http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/...ysis Wing [RAW] - India Intelligence Agencies India Intelligence Organisation Research and Analysis Wing [RAW] - India Intelligence Agencies Research and Analysis Wing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia RAW: India's External Intelligence Agency - Council on Foreign Relations India, Intelligence and Security ? FREE India, Intelligence and Security information | Encyclopedia.com: Find India, Intelligence and Security research India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) http://www.bt.com.bn/en/analysis/2008/01/10/critical_look_at_indias_intelligence_service .
RAW started with a bang but has over the years become like any other govt organization in India. Just becausebit doesn't havevto report to anyone but the PM and has an accounted funds, it's taken itself for granted. Others like the ISI use such freedom to become a terror, but RAW has gone the other way. Maybe it's recruitment policy has to change. Right now it's mainly recruiting from the police force and we know how the police force is in our country. I think RAW should make spying a career option for those interested. I remember reading the the newspaper as to how the MI6 publishes ads for recruitment.
Global Defence Moderator
Yusufji the RAW has its onw Civil service cader for recruitment called Today, R&AW has its own service cadre, the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent
But the majority is from the police. And issues of being unprofessional and not upto scratch need to be addressed.
this is a problem that has got excabrated with a system of Prement Deputation where by IPS officers are peremently deputated to the RAW
Isn't there a dedicated course like an Indian spook service that draws the best talent from the country andvthey be recruited? Just on the lines of IAS, IPS, IFS. I'm sure there are many out there wanting to be 007s.
thats what the the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) is for
There is a thread on Pakistan's ISI elsewhere, missing is a thread on the main regional power, India. The ISI thread ... This week the Lowy Institute, an Australian think tank had a short review article on its blogsite, by the RUSI (UK) based analyst Shashank Joshi; I thought it was interesting. An Indian "lurker" responded that the article was: Quote: ..a very amateurish attempt...(partly as he relied on)..Srinath Raghavan who knew only in 2013 that Indian intelligence have no legal backing . Raghavan is not a historian but only a young journalist... Click to expand...
VPM's Centre for International Studies Seminar on India as an Emerging Major Power: Foreign Policy Thrust Areas January 27 & 28, 2012 INTELLIGENCE AS FOREIGN POLICY TOOL By V.Balachandran, Former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, GOI Click to expand...
I really think what we have been doing in Af-PAK, for 12 YEARS (!), is as mad as the impossible to conceive analogy I presented. We know and have known how insane this situation has been for years. The monograph does an excellent job of pulling all the open source evidence together. The problem may be that we may never see official documents confirming how bad the situation has been. Computer files may be a lot easier to 'disappear' than paper. The powers that be have a huge incentive to erase official evidence about how their impregnable personal pride, naivete and arrogance has played right into the hands of the grifters in 'Pindi, and how that has resulted in the deaths of hundreds and hundreds of Americans and thousands and thousands of Afghans. Firn: The thing that interests, and enrages, me is our behavior. The feudal elites/Pak Army/ISI are destroying their country for their own short term benefit and nothing can stop them now. Ironically I think, us being such fools has robbed Pakistan of any chance it may have had. If we had stopped their game 10 years ago they may have been discredited and maybe Pakistan would have had a chance. Not now though. The thing with the game they run on us is they run it on us. It can only work on such titanic fools such as the American elites. Nobody else has the proper combination of narcissistic pride and ignorance. It is no accomplishment besting a fool but they won't remember that and will have very great trouble because the guys in their neighborhood are no fools . But like I said, the thing that interests me is our behavior. It is beyond reason. Click to expand...
When i visualize RAW, i visualize a government office full of scattered files,slow moving fans and paan-ka-dhabbhas in corners. That may not be accurate but RAW is incompetent and this is a fact.
chase said: When i visualize RAW, i visualize a government office full of scattered files,slow moving fans and paan-ka-dhabbhas in corners. That may not be accurate but RAW is incompetent and this is a fact. Click to expand...
R&AW is not so much incompetent as it is underfunded. The US devotes $52bn USD per year to its 'intelligence community'; another 30-40bn if you include black budget allocations in the DoD that go to covert military ops and C4ISR research. China devotes $110bn per year, in total, to 'domestic security', which, after excluding domestic police functions, leaves 50-60bn for internal CI and external intelligence-gathering. India doesn't even spend that much on its defence budget in total.
t_co said: R&AW is not so much incompetent as it is underfunded. The US devotes $52bn USD per year to its 'intelligence community'; another 30-40bn if you include black budget allocations in the DoD that go to covert military ops and C4ISR research. China devotes $110bn per year, in total, to 'domestic security', which, after excluding domestic police functions, leaves 50-60bn for internal CI and external intelligence-gathering. India doesn't even spend that much on its defence budget in total. Click to expand...
freethinker777
fake article. nothing like RAW exists.
freethinker777 said: fake article. nothing like RAW exists. Click to expand...
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How to Become a RAW Officer after Clearing the UPSC Exam? How to Join RAW in India?
RAW is the Indian foreign intelligence agency, the recruitment for which is done through a number of ways, primarily the civil services after clearing the UPSC exam. The agency works for national security through foreign strategies and anti-terrorism policies. This blog will give you an exhaustive detail about how to become a RAW officer after clearing the UPSC exam.
RAW officers and RAW agents can be appointed from fields like IPS, IFS, and even IAS. In order to achieve these positions in the first place, an excellent record is required in the UPSC civil services examination. It is to note that these are not the only ways to be recruited to the agency, and are subjective to the traits possessed by the candidates.
RAW Full-Form – Research And Analysis Wing; Functions and Roles
The full form for RAW is the Research and Analysis Wing of India. The agency requires the most eligible and worthy candidates who can work for the national security formulations. The following pointers highlight the functions and objectives of the Research and Analysis Wing:
- Keeping a check on military, political, and scientific advancements of other nations that have a parallel impact on the national security and foreign policies of India.
- To carry out anti-terror operations and tasks in a covert manner
- Segmenting mass opinion of other nations and impacting the governments as well
- Managing other operations for the national interest.
Also Read: Who Takes Interview In UPSC? The Anatomy of UPSC Interviews
How to Join RAW in India?
Agencies like RAW do not send direct enrollment invitations to candidates. It is a multi-step filtered process and agents and officers can be chosen from various departments. These include IAS and IPS after clearing the UPSC exams, intelligence agencies, and armed forces. The RAW admission is a tough two-step process, the first is a written examination and the second is an interview.
The candidates are required to take Group A civil services exam under the Central staffing scheme in order to become an agent for RAW in India. In recent years, most vacancies have been filled by experienced IB members. Recruitment has also begun from colleges and universities since the organization requires many posts to be filled like clerical, accounting, and management.
What is the Organizational Structure for RAW in India?
The Prime Minister is the head of state and has to sanction all operations and be informed about the tasks of RAW. The agency is headed by the Chief Secretary, who communicates with the PM through the Joint Intelligence Committee. The committee head is usually an IAS or IPS officer and other members include ministers from the government departments.
Under the chief secretary, the three departments are the office of special operations, additional secretaries, and special secretaries for aviation and special services. There are several junior secretaries under the additionals which handle specific countries around the world and also the technical departments. The agency is a full-fledged organization and has employees for each department assigned.
Director or Chief Secretary
This is the topmost position in the agency. The director or chief is directly answerable to the Prime Minister or the Joint Intelligence Committee. The appointment is made from the 1st-grade government departments or the Indian Police Service. The prowess of the officers is judged on the basis of the RAW Allied Service (RAS) exam. The position requires high experience and knowledge of the field. The current RAW chief of India is Samant Goel.
Also Read: Ready for New Year 2021? Click Here to Get Some Ultimate UPSC Motivation
Field Officers
These are the officers which are actually involved in the on-field operations of the Research and Analysis Wing. These officers can be appointed from the armed forces, administrative services, and the police services on the recommendations of the director or secretary. The separate heads under field officers are as senior officer, deputy officer, and assistant officer.
The department of analysts plays a pivotal and crucial role in the hierarchical system of the organization. Central intelligence officers and junior officers are a part of this team.
Specialised Fields
As mentioned before, the Research and Analysis Wing is a full-fledged organization and there are several fields in which individuals are appointed on the basis of their skill and experience. The specialised fields and positions involve logistics manager, computer operations, and interpreters.
The following table summarizes the hierarchical structure according to the class of officers:
| Chief Secretary | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Additional Secretary/ Special Secretary | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Joint Secretary | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Deputy Secretary/Attache | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Senior Field Officer | Class B/C Officers |
| Field Officer | Class B/C Officers |
| Deputy Field Officer | Class B/C Officers |
| Assistant Field Officer | Class B/C Officers |
Training for RAW Agents in India
Before making it to the organization as a RAW agent, there is a two-step training process which the candidate goes through in order to be prepared for the job. The first phase of the training is basic, which involves familiarising to various norms and protocols. The second phase is the advanced training, for a physical and external experience for the field operations.
Basic Training
Basic training begins with the introduction to the organization and morale-boosting interactions with the candidate. The basic training is conducted over a period of 10 days, in which the candidate will be familiarised with the world of espionage and how the intelligence agencies work. It is important to clarify what the agency job actually is, contradictory to the fictional representation of spying.
One foreign language is either required to be known or it is taught during the basic training. Other aspects that are taught include analysing the finances and economics, information security, geographic knowledge, and scientific terminology. Other than that, the candidates shall be required to read case studies based on other intelligence organisations like MI6, ISI, CIA etc.
Advanced Training
The advanced training for agents is conducted under the Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). The duration of advanced training can be as long as 1-2 years. Here, they are taught in the real world situations, about the field operations in extreme weather such as biting cold. They are also taught the infiltration and exfiltration processes, which are extraordinary field tactics. Another part of this training involves how to deal with an interrogation upon being caught.
The candidate is taught certain self-defence techniques along with practical knowledge about operating devices used in espionage. Training of ammunition and weapons is also provided in the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun in India.
Also Read: Do’s And Don’ts During Self Study During UPSC Civil Services: To Get A Knack of It
Post Training Appointment
After the basic and advanced training is complete, the candidate can join the agency. Once he becomes a member of RAW, he has the liberty to return to his normal job in case of an IAS or IPS officer, or any department in that case. The operations are carried out covertly, and once they are done, it is up to the person to return to his job or stay in the organization permanently.
The Research and Analysis Wing is a secret organisation and its operations are not openly known to the public. Even the appointment for the organization is conducted in a very secretive manner, be it the tests, interviews, or training. Only the PM and Joint Intelligence Committee are aware of the actions and operations that RAW handles. Even the internal communication among the members is highly confidential.
UPSC Preparation for RAW Agents in India
The first and foremost choice for picking RAW agents is surely the civil services, which are acquired after clearing the UPSC examination. The highest-ranked and most qualified candidates make it to the prestigious positions like IAS, IPS, IFS etc. If an officer in any of these ranks gains through expertise and seniority, they can be chosen for the top positions in RAW.
The candidate has to perform exceptionally well in the UPSC exams in the first stage, in order to achieve the civil service positions. It is more likely to be a plus point for an appointment. However, there are other positions for which candidates may be chosen through other ways, or directly from universities, but may not be as important as the ones gained through UPSC civil services.
Do IAS and IPS Officers become the RAW Chiefs in India?
The roles of IAS and IPS officers are significant in their own ways. IAS officers are responsible for the implementation and control of policies made by the government. On the other hand, IPS officers are the top-notch police officers, who maintain law and order through their authority. Officers from both positions can be appointed as the RAW chief in India. There are other departments in the civil services as well as the IFS.
It is to note that these two positions do not guarantee the chief position, but once officers in these two positions gain years of experience and knowledge, they have an edge over other candidates for appointment. The chief is required to have extensive knowledge in field operations as well as government foreign policies.
To summarise, the Research and Analysis Wing is a confidential government organization, and it takes not just a lot of efforts, but a little bit of luck as well, to make it through. Since the information for joining and the appointment is not made public, the best way to prepare is to excel in the UPSC exams, gain a good position and keep a vigilant eye on every opportunity.
Also Read: How to Prepare For International Relations For UPSC? Here’s All You Need To Do
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A dvisors and analysts use intelligence mishaps such as the Pulwama, Uri, Pathankot and Mumbai 26/11 attacks to draw attention towards a myriad of problems that plague India’s intelligence agencies. But reform advocacy is largely focused on increasing accountability of agencies by bringing them under parliamentary scrutiny and removal of defunct ones. These, however, tend to overlook what is at the core of intelligence – people.
First focus on the human factor
Earlier this month, Pakistan declined India’s request for consular access to Kulbhushan Jadhav citing the International Court of Justice’s pending verdict on his death sentence. Pakistan claimed that Jadhav was on a mission for the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), a claim that India has officially denied . The incident has raised a more significant question about whether agencies are paying adequate attention to recruitment and training of human resources.
Reforms must first focus on this human factor which lies at the core of espionage. The Narendra Modi government took a step in this direction last year. In a mammoth clean-up drive, the government marked more than 70 senior and mid-level officers in the RAW for “compulsory retirement”. The decision may have been taken to create a leaner, more effective agency, but removing a significant number of people could lead to unintended consequences. Introducing changes to the recruitment process can help improve the capacity and the capability of the agency without complications.
Also read: India must make Intelligence Bureau responsible for countering terrorism, not RAW
Recruitment to the RAW
Currently, there are two routes of entering the RAW. The first is recruitment via the RAW Allied Service test (which forms the internal cadre) and the second, on deputation (either short-term or long-term) from the All India Services. Besides the Indian Police Service (IPS), deputation principally also includes the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS). While the idea behind recruiting from the civil services was well-intentioned, it has created two parallel cadres that has bred inefficiencies affecting the performance of the agency.
Interestingly, the RAW is the only external intelligence agency in India that includes members of the civil services, specifically the IPS. Most agencies around the world keep police work separate from intelligence gathering and analysis. The nature of work for the former is different and sometimes contradictory to the latter. Policework involves following defined processes set by law. Espionage, on the other hand, requires operating in the grey often outside laws of countries.
Given this fundamental difference, many nation-states prefer to maintain a clear distinction – internal intelligence work is part of law enforcement, making police support indispensable. The term ‘Intelligence’ is reserved for the external sphere where information is gathered through means that may not be entirely legal.
Also read: RAW officials are being given pink slip because of an archaic British-era appraisal process
Catch ‘em young
As part of the Takshashila Institution’s Intelligence Reforms project, we suggest changes, which can be introduced at various stages of an officer’s career – from recruitment to retirement. Incremental changes to the recruitment process, for instance, would bring about significant improvement.
The RAW should open its recruitment avenues and engage individuals from different backgrounds with diverse skills and education experiences to fill positions. The existing practice of recruiting and training persons without technical specialisations and proficiencies leads to inefficiencies, particularly when candidates with these skills are available in the job market. Additionally, establishing an interface with private industries could create openings both in collection of intelligence and in providing non-diplomatic cover for postings.
By adopting a practice similar to the one employed by the CIA, India too can utilise university deans and retired intelligence officers as talent spotters for campus recruitment across Indian universities. These talent spotters can easily identify students who have a flair for foreign languages, are articulate in speech and writing and display strong interpersonal skills. Increasing student engagement by offering internships and asking retired officers to take on teaching assignments will allow intelligence agencies to tap into the university talent pool. Continued engagement with university students will serve a second objective of relaxing the element of secrecy enough to make working at the agency an attractive career option for students.
Also read: RAW thinks espionage can be taught in 6-month crash course—it clearly needs training reforms
Currently, the average age of an officer on deputation to join the RAW is 32 years. He or she is 37 years of age when he or she becomes the first secretary and is eligible to take on overseas assignments. This would mean that in the short span of five years one has to master a foreign language, the tradecraft required and gain experience in handling area desks at a very young age. Investing in younger recruits not only increases the service years of individual officers, but also eliminates other problems that have plagued the RAW.
First, it is easier to instil a sense of belonging into the hearts and minds of young recruits who join the agency right after graduation than a civil servant who owes his or her allegiance to the parent service. Second, it puts an end to the ‘revolving door’ mechanism that allows civil servants on deputation to leave the agency and return to their parent service – a great liability for the intelligence agency.
Immediately after the 26/11 attacks in Mumbai, the rules for deputation to the RAW also came under the scanner. While the rules continue to be debated, it is clear that the benefits of separating the civil services from external intelligence outnumber the benefits brought by an amalgamation of the two. There are better-suited solutions that should not be dismissed without exploration. Policymakers need to break away from the traditional line of thought and develop creative reforms. Without getting human resourcing right, intelligence reforms will remain incomplete.
The author is a Policy Analyst at the Geostrategy Programme of The Takshashila Institution.
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36 COMMENTS
I’m proud of RAW in the world. But I like RAW activities in worldwide. I’m interest to work in RAW from international zone. Great thanks.
Raw , dream for many young minds, may be , I’m one of those
Hello, I would also like to join RAW. I have lived in Middle East 18 years, usa 5 years and canada 10 years. I have applied for Canadian citizenship in April. Please go on my Facebook forMore info as to why I want to join RAW. I know canada and India are currently fighting with each other and they are using the international students as pawns in their war. (Modi rejects meeting Trudeau, deport 2 members of aap on arrival etc.) I know there is a fight right now and csis is beating me up all the time, I want to help India against these terrible racists ps they may have planted a camera in my room
Print again with it’s propaganda to make India look weak
INDIAN RAW IS THE BEST IN THE WORLD. IT HAS PEOPLE INSIDE AMERICA ALL OVER DC. INDIAN RAW HAS SUCCESSFULLY PENETRATED ALL ASPECTS OF US GOVERNMENT, SECURITY, AND POLITICAL WINGS. IT HAS TOTAL COMMAND OVER THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. INDIA CAN SHUT DOWN THE US IN SECONDS. THE AMERICANS ARE NO WHERE NEAR AS GOOD AS FLOODING ADVERSARIAL COUNTRIES LIKE INDIAN RAW. PAKISTAN IS NEVER THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF RAW. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE AND THREAT IS INDIA AND CHINA. PAKISTAN KEEPS THE INDIAN MUSLIMS DIVIDED AND BENEFITS THE HINDU MAJORITY. RAW COVERTLY HELPS PAKISTAN GOVERNMENT MAINTAIN CONTROL OVER ITS POPULATION AND KEEP THE MUSLIMS DIVIDED IN TWO DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. PAKISTAN WAS NEVER THE TARGET OF FSB/KGB TRAINED RAW. THE SECRET PACT IS TO CONTROL THE WEST AND THE BIGGEST POWERFUL COUNTRY, THE USA. INDIA WILL SUCCESSFUL IN REMOVING THE SHAME OF WESTERN COLONIALISM.
Both India and raw will remain backward because that’s what we are good at.
Please give proper information about recruitment of RAW & exams applying for it. & Link too
you can not choose carrier in R&AW. R&AW chooses from Military,IAS, IPS and Civilian.
I wanaa join R&AW,Because i love my country and i will like serve for this country
Khedyakade Chala …….
Looks like Karachi Project Idea. They want to infiltrate RAW also after having infiltrated Media.
My take on RAW:
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Indias-Research-and-Analysis-Wing-R-AW-not-as-advanced-or-popular-as-other-foreign-intelligence-agencies-CIA-Mossad-MI6-etc/answer/Suchindranath-Aiyer?prompt_topic_bio=1
Why not make the RAW an annex of the CIA !!! It seems to me that we have to be ourselves. It is because we copy, often badly, what is done elsewhere that we have services that are not operational. At the end of independence, on many points we preferred to replace the former colonizing power. We did not want to overhaul the institutions – in terms of police, intelligence, elite training etc … Today we see the result of this policy. If after more than 70 years of independence, we are not able to draw the consequences of our mistakes, it is because we have lost faith in ourselves!
I’ll join RAW beacuase I want to do somethimg for my country
You have to give something to get something back. You give to plant something and nurture it till the time it starts bearing fruit. People who plant cactus simply to get away from the responsibility of nurturing and protection, deserve only thorns and not fruits. Pity the nation that cannot see in spite of a fully functional visual apparatus.
When politicians are not entertaining people above 70, then why can’t RAW look from that angle. They should infuse young talent into the agency under the supervision and guidance of retired staff. Indian is a land of millions of talented people. When this could be recognised and identified by MNC’s then why can’t the agency look from that perspective ? RAW should make some changes in the process of recruitment ensuring the secrecy ay the same time.
Not only RAW but central agencies like CBI, NIA etc should also have there own cadre instead of being a leisure home for civil servants and also for paramilitary forces at the subordinate level.
Rightly said. This was pointed out even almost three-and-a-half decades ago by the then true professional guys in the Cabinet Secretariat in Delhi whom I had known personally. It’s surprising that things haven’t changed even after such a long period. Hope the author’s insights are taken seriously by the authorities concerned and necessary changes ushered in.
Let me in on deputation…
U are aware of only one sided stories, how can in such organisation people from Ministerial cadre be sent mission at par with those have given their life to the organisations. Resulting u get Soods as interviews who remained Personnel Secretaries to bigger bosses. Obviously they have soft corner for such . While those rotting in borders with not much facilities and work till the last point. Writing reports is an art and can get manipulated even if collected and collated on basis of ongoing trends. Even today the TRG institute is managed by the lecturers of those retired decade earlier. The new are lacking dedication in securing achievements for the country.
I agree with your opinion about NSG .But the concept of recruiting students like me and many more from universities will benifit the organization in a long run .But you have to ensure that “Every person who is best can be in your organization will be morally and patriotically good ,so my suggestion is that find the children with patriotic ,honest,obedient etc. qualities .Search for their records and find the best because we are the people you can shape into anything .
RAW should follow the Israel’s mossad style. The organisation Mossad who famously and proudly known for intelligence throughout the world. India and israel relation is nice and israel help India too on many important matter. NSG also made on the ideology of mossad too at that time so why not RAW will change itself. Mossad even recruit good painter, scholar, expertise on making fake papers passport even make finest snatcher, kidnapper too. RAW should modify its body like this for the shake of our Motherland.
Our country population grown-up s speed but our intelligence wing aslo increase in same time all types of social elements of our do we needed a large numbers of ? models and we want to recruit also very grateful ide it was to very fast as possible as give to our new next generation
There is no IAS nor an Indian Forest Service officer in the R&AW. Kindly please check. There are officers from IPS, IRS (IT), IRS (Customs) currently
I like recommending suggestions u give. And I would also like to add one more thing to this as the civil service officers are no doubt both Intelligent and great but they don’t fit in the agency outfit as they have other goals and aspirations no person expects few join civil services to join r&aw.,so the real talent is going where?? It’s there in the university itself officers need to go and check the right guy and ask interview him if he is interested and that if he is the right material for the job… Hope my suggestions are helpful. Future civil aspirant here.
Where are you from ?
Indian intelligence seems to be corrupted by politicians &weak especially in foreign affairs & national safety, especially weak compared to pak terror controlled intelligent agency..lt should be reformed by president with immediate effect considering national safety.
You are wrong. RAW is not corrupted. Because RAW is an independent body to whom most laws of the constitution don’t apply especially right to information act. RAW is not answerable to anyone accept PM, cabinet secretariat and joint intelligence office. RAW is not controlled by any other body or minister or state government. He’ll not even court or union government can say anything to RAW. And how do you know RAW is weak when none of their operations are classified unlike MOSSAD or CIA? RAW is not weak, it is very very strong but it still needs a wide range of deputation from various fields.
India needs good amount of Scientists in the agency. This was even agreed by the former chiefs of RAW. Although we have DRDO for the same, recruitment of scientists don’t seem to be enough. The historic Scientists who we used to have were all Sages and Seers who practiced meditation and yoga. The ones who meditate have strong intuitions and this can really become a great strength of Indians. If agencies of other countries are good at techniques of hypnosis, we Indians can use our power of intuition and positive aura in influencing people around us. It would be great if they include Yoga and meditation training to the candidates along with other physical and mental trainings.
Yes it is surely right Raw needs to do more work about There thoughts To be like CIA ACCEPT these words both are Good at there works
Please recruit by a ” special exam” ..like civils cgl e.t.c., so many talented people are there to serve India and ready serve for our nation in any situations. So if you want to make some change on RAW then you should think about my comment.
RAW is still very raw.
Assessment of RA&W and its operationsis itself a difficult task as very little is in public domain. Improvements suggested are more guess work unkess author is having a exposure to intelligence agency of at least a few countries. There lies need for structural review by experts with adequate experience and vision.
CIA is ok. But RAW needs to be deadly like Mossad or KGB.. Any person working against India should be liquidated without a trace. Remember how Israel rescued hijacked plane ,its crew and passengers from Entebe. This type of organisation should be RAW. This is possible only with NDA not with Pakistan and China loving UPA.
Agree totally.
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How to Join RAW: Application, Career, Eligibility, Salary of RAW Agents and officers
How can I join RAW? This question will for sure hit your mind as the process of RAW recruitment is not similar to other recruitment held in India.
Research and Analysis Wing or RAW is the secret Intelligence service of India. It is a wing of those heroes who work stupendously to safeguard our national security without getting much acknowledgment. You may call it a mystery division that reports directly to the Prime Minister Office. It plays a vital role in tracking the activities of the enemy of our nation and keeping us safe. A lot of young students in our nation want to serve the nation by becoming RAW agents. Through this post, we will throw light on the work done by this secret service and how you can join RAW in India.
Highlights of RAW Jobs 2024
The general highlights of Research and Analysis Wing RAW Jobs in India are given in the following table.
| Name of the department | Research and Analysis Wing |
| Commonly Known As | RAW |
| Objective | To carry espionage mission and protect the safety of India |
| Authority that manages the department | PMO |
| Minimum Qualification | Graduation from a reputed college |
| Present RAW Chief | Samant Goel |
Also Check How to Join IB
Different Posts in RAW
There are various posts on which a candidate can work in RAW and serve the nation. The descriptions of some of the posts are as follows.
Field Officers
The field officers or ground officers are the backbones of RAW. A field officer has to work in the most difficult circumstances. Such officers are also included in the RAW from police administration, intelligence offices, military administration, and other departments.
It is an office desk job at RAW India. However, it is also a very difficult job full of immense responsibility. Analysts play a vital role in helping Field Officers in whatever way possible. Analysts also help the organization in making planning and strategies.
Check process to join NIA
RAW also hires specialists from various fields in order to tackle any kind of situation. RAW can offer you great opportunities if you are a cyber expert, a ninja computer programmer, or a person with any other expertise.
Director of RAW
The director of RAW has huge responsibility regarding Indian securities on its shoulders. That’s why you need to be very highly qualified in order to get this post. Mostly, directors are selected from India Police Services (IPS) and other 1 st grade officials in Indian Government divisions.
Duties of a RAW Officer
You should know that there is no fixed job description of RAW Agents or Field Officers. It is a secret job, they have to do the task assigned to them. Some of the important duties of Raw Agents and officers are as follows.
- To keep a watchful eye on the enemy activities and inform authorities about the same.
- Monitor what’s happening around the country and predict what can be a threat to national security.
- Prevent and eliminate threats to India’s national security without India and outside.
- Ensure security of prominent Indian leaders in India and in foreign countries.
- RAW agents also play a role in the security of world leaders visiting India.
How to Join RAW as an Officer in India?
A lot of enthusiastic candidates in India want to become RAW Agent to serve the nation. However, it is not that easy. Check out the following points to understand the complete recruitment process of RAW.
- Initially, RAW used to hire trained offers from the external wing of the Intelligence Bureau (IB). It is also used to recruit officers from the Indian Armed Forces, Police and Indian Revenue Service.
- Now, RAW has its own service cadre (Research and Analysis Service), it absorbs talent om other Group A Civil Services, under the Central Staffing Scheme.
- Class 1 officers going under the foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration are interviewed by Raw at the end of the course. Candidates are then inducted into RAW on the basis of Psychological tests and interviews.
- Apart from this, jobs at RAW are also offered to those who clear the UPSC examination.
- In addition to this, lateral deputation is also done from the Officer corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers
Also check- Process to join PARA SF Indian Army
General Eligibility criteria for RAW Agents
We have compiled some general eligibility criteria to become a RAW Agent.
- The candidate should be a citizen of India.
- Candidates must not have any criminal background.
- Applicants must not be drug addicts.
- Candidates must possess good education from a reputed University and should also have a grasp on one foreign language at least.
- Candidates should be ready to travel to any part of the country with a short period of notice.
- Applicant should be real what actually he is.
- Those who are applying should not tell their friends and family.
- The officers looking to get into RAW should have 20 years of experience.
Training of RAW Officers
RAW Agents and officers have the job of very high responsibilities. This is the reason why they have to undergo rigorous training. The training of Raw agents can be classified into the following two parts.
Basic Training – The basic training lasts for only 10 days only. During this period, they get familiarised with the real world of espionage and surveillance. In the basic training, aspirants also get basic information on scientific knowledge, space technology, information security, geostrategic analysis, financial and economic topics, and energy security.
Advanced Training – Once the agents are done with their basic training they are shipped to Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). This a long training that takes 1 – 2 years. During this training, an agent gets to know the survival methods to stay alive and carry missions in cold territories, jungles, and so on. They are also taught how the real world of espionage works. In the training, they are shown the methods to penetrate the defenses of an enemy country and avoid getting caught. The Raw officers are also trained to face cross-examination of the enemy and hide the secrets if caught. The use of high-tech gadgets is also taught to the agents so that they can contact pre-existing agents in the area or territory.
How difficult is it to become a RAW agent?
RAW is not everyone’s cup of tea. You need to have some special qualities to join Research and Analysis Wing. Some qualities that an individual must have are as follows.
- Your communication skills must be fantastic.
- Candidates with diverse cultures and backgrounds are preferred so that they can interact with different people easily.
- You must have exemplary self-management skills and a high level of maturity. You must have to capability to judge the situation quickly and take action to avoid risk.
- Self-motivation and a zeal to achieve the target under pressure and the adverse condition is also important.
- Professionalism and personal integrity of the highest order are necessary so that you can go through tough training and complete crucial missions.
Life Style of RAW Officers
The lifestyle of raw agents is quite different from other government officers. Some of the basic things that make a RAW agent different from the others are as follows.
- They don’t share their real identity even with their close friends and family.
- Many a time, they have to interact with morally corrupt and greedy officials to extract information from them.
- Field officers have to follow the leads so that they can get the information. Sometimes, this puts them in various kinds of danger.
- You might think the life at RAW HQ is safe. Yes, it is true. But, the officers working at the headquarter also have immense responsibilities. They are often blamed for intelligence failures. Even if their colleague is arrested they have to delete his record and disown him.
- Many a time, even government disowns secret agents if they get caught in a foreign country.
- Even when a security agent dies during his duty he doesn’t get the military honour or medal.
- Secret Agents saves a lot of lives of countrymen working behind the curtain without getting much acknowledgment
Salary of RAW Agents and officers
There is not much information available in the public domain regarding the perks and salaries that RAW agents get. According to some unofficial sources on the internet, it is estimated that they get Rs. 80000/- to Rs. 130000/- per month.
Frequently Asked Questions
Of course, RAW is an intelligence service that hires both men and women.
There is no direct recruitment for 12th Pass candidates in RAW. You may complete your graduation and prepare for UPSC civil service examinations.
Generally, RAW hires candidates from the age of 20 years to 56 years.
Not much information about former RAW agents is available on the internet. However, you may check out a few details about some RAW heroes as given below. N. Kao – Rameshwar Nath Kao is one of the spy legends of India. He has credit for the foundation of India’s Intelligence Agency. He along with his other officers plays a vital role in the merger of Sikkim in India. Apart from this, he also managed some famous cases including “Kashmir Probe”. His team also has a crucial role in the liberation of Bangladesh. Ravindra Kaushik – Ravindra Kaushik is one of the most famous Raw Agents ever. Before his recruitment, he was a theatre artist where he got the attention of Raw Agents. He was then sent to Pakistan on a secret mission. He successfully got admission into a college in Pakistan and completed his LLB degree. Later on, he also married a Pakistani woman. He joined the Pakistan Army and become a major. While he was enrolled in the military service, he was successful in passing some crucial information to Indian authorities. With the help of Kaushik, India was able to stay one step ahead of Pakistan.
Sudeshna Dutta
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272 comments.
How to jion RAW Bhai koi kuch suggest krega plz
me humesa tyar hhu desh kiye cahe jese jarurat ho meri
Sir I am Indian me current job crpf my rank hc/ gd name brijmohan I am joining to raw I am interested raw sir
Mai apni Ke liye kuch bhi karne ke liye ready hu.. jo bhi kam hoga mai success hi karungga failed nhi hoga.. or apni jan desh ke liye kurban karne liye always ready hu… .. Jai hind??
mai raw me shamil hona chahati hu please help
Archana koi answer mila
I am Indian
Mai apne bharat ki aur janta ki seva ke liye kisi bhi hadd tak ja sakta hun.
Want to join RAW
A common jobless man can collect information and disguised himself without any record to serve for his country but the question is when the country may need him….please my country give a chance to prove myself
I do any thing for India Jai hind ager mar nay kya liya bolo gya to ma ready hu
MY DREAM I AM JOIN THE RAW BUT I AM STUDY ONLY 8TH CALASS
complete study
my childhood dream, if i’m trained i can do anything that related to..
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How To Join RAW India (Research And Analysis Wing)
- February 28, 2024
- 183 Comments
Have you ever wondered how to join RAW and become part of India’s elite external intelligence agency? The Research and Analysis Wing, commonly referred to by its acronym RAW, stands as the forefront of ensuring national security, engaging in critical operations that safeguard India from external threats. Since its inception in 1968, RAW has evolved to become a pivotal player in India’s strategic interests, handling tasks that range from gathering political and military intelligence to performing anti-terror operations.
For individuals who aspire to serve their country in a capacity that transcends conventional frontiers, understanding the full form of RAW, its significant role in protecting India’s security interests, and the agency’s remarkable history, including its role in the formation of Bangladesh and its strategies during the Kargil War, is an essential first step. Raw India’s exploits resonate not just within our nation’s borders but have echoed across continents, influencing global geopolitical landscapes.
| Formed | 21 September 1968; 51 years ago |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | CGO Complex, New Delhi, India |
| Motto | धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः (Sanskrit) transl. ’Justice, when protected, protects’ |
| Employees | Classified |
| Annual budget | Classified |
| Minister responsible | Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India |
| Wing executive | Samant Goel, IPS, Secretary |
| Parent Wing | Cabinet Secretariat |
| Child agencies | The Aviation Research Centre Radio Research Center Electronics and Technical Services National Technical Research Organisation Special Frontier Force Special Group |
Embarking on a journey to join RAW demands a comprehensive grasp of the agency’s meticulous recruitment and training process. Our article aims to shed light on the eligibility criteria you must meet and the precise steps you need to undertake to be considered for a role as a RAW agent.
As a trusted beacon for defense aspirants, we recognize your ambition to rise above the ordinary and we strive to mentor you on how to become a RAW agent, uncovering details such as the RAW agent salary and career progression within the agency. Joining RAW is not just about harnessing skills; it’s about embodying a sense of purpose that aligns with national pride and duty.
We will navigate through each phase—from the recruitment process to the rigorous training that shapes exceptional RAW agents—ensuring that your pursuit of joining RAW, India’s esteemed intelligence ward, is illuminated with clarity and ambition. Let us inspire and equip you with all you need to realize your potential and embark on a career marked by valor and intelligence, synonymous with RAW’s legacy of excellence.
Understanding RAW and Its Function
As we delve into the essence of RAW, India’s premier intelligence agency, it’s pivotal to comprehend its core functions and the magnitude of its operations. Established in 1968, under the aegis of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, RAW’s inception was a strategic move to bolster India’s intelligence capabilities, particularly in foreign territories. The full form of RAW, which stands for Research and Analysis Wing, encapsulates its mission to conduct research and analysis that is critical to the nation’s safety and strategic interests.
Key Objectives and Functions of RAW:
- Monitoring Developments: RAW’s primary mandate involves keeping a vigilant eye on political, military, economic, and scientific advancements in countries that could impact India’s security. This surveillance is crucial in preempting any threats and formulating strategic responses.
- Counter-Terrorism: The agency is at the forefront of tracking terrorist factions and disrupting smuggling networks that funnel illicit arms into the country, thereby fortifying India’s defense against internal and external threats.
- Covert Operations: RAW agents are trained to execute covert operations with the aim to safeguard India’s national interests. These operations are often shrouded in secrecy but are vital in maintaining the country’s sovereignty and security.
Notable Achievements and Structure:
- Historical Impact: The agency has been instrumental in several key operations, including the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971 and the integration of Sikkim in 1975, showcasing its pivotal role in shaping India’s geopolitical narrative.
- Direct Reporting: Unlike other intelligence bodies, RAW maintains a direct reporting line to the Prime Minister, facilitated through the Joint Intelligence Committee, ensuring swift and confidential communication of sensitive information.
- Organizational Hierarchy: At the structural core, RAW is comprised of the Office of Special Operations, Additional Secretaries, and a dedicated Aviation and Special Services division, all collaborating to fulfill the agency’s expansive mission.
Challenges and Operational Reach:
- Equipment and Manpower: Despite being ranked among the top five intelligence agencies globally, RAW faces significant challenges, such as a severe staff shortage, with an estimated 40% deficit in personnel as of 2013.
- Strategic Bureaus: The agency extends its intelligence network through 10 field formations, known as Special Bureaus, strategically positioned in major cities near India’s borders, to gather vital intelligence from neighboring nations.
- Military Hardware Control: A significant aspect of RAW’s objectives includes monitoring and curtailing the flow of military hardware to Pakistan, predominantly sourced from the United States, China, and Europe, thereby maintaining a balance of power in the region.
In our pursuit of understanding how to join RAW and the full form of RAW, we recognize that aspiring RAW agents must align with the agency’s unwavering commitment to national security. With this knowledge of RAW India, we can appreciate the gravity and prestige associated with becoming a RAW agent. As we continue our exploration, we will uncover the steps on how to become a RAW agent, the raw agent salary, and the profound career paths that lie ahead for those who dare to dream of serving their nation at the highest level of intelligence and valor.
Eligibility Criteria for Joining RAW
Embarking on the esteemed journey to join RAW, India’s premier intelligence agency, necessitates meeting a set of stringent eligibility criteria. These prerequisites are designed to ensure that only the most capable and dedicated individuals are entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding our nation’s security and interests. As aspirants like you seek to understand how to become a RAW agent, it is imperative to familiarize yourself with the fundamental requirements:
- Must be an Indian citizen.
- Should have a clean record with no criminal background or pending court cases.
- A graduation degree from a recognized university is mandatory.
- Proficiency in at least one foreign language is highly beneficial.
- Candidates often emerge from esteemed positions within the Civil Services, having cleared the rigorous Civil Service Exam, including roles in the IAS, IPS, or IRS.
- Recruitment also extends to meritorious individuals from Indian armed forces such as the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
- Individuals with significant experience, typically more than 20 years in service, are preferred.
- Lateral deputation is another pathway, targeting the Officers Corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers.
- While the exact age limit is not officially specified, candidates are generally expected to be between 25-45 years old.
- Physical fitness is paramount, given the demanding nature of RAW operations.
- Exceptional communication skills are essential for the role of a RAW agent.
As a RAW agent, you will be at the vanguard of defending national security, acquiring critical foreign intelligence, and combating terrorism. You will also play a pivotal role in influencing foreign governments and shaping public opinion globally. The raw agent salary and career trajectory reflect the high stakes and significant responsibilities of the position. With the full form of RAW symbolizing the Research and Analysis Wing, your alignment with the agency’s mission and your adherence to these eligibility criteria will be the first step in your journey towards joining RAW India’s cadre of elite intelligence professionals.
The Recruitment Process
Embarking on the path to join RAW, the Research and Analysis Wing of India, is a journey of meticulous selection and dedication. As we continue to explore how to join RAW, we now focus on the recruitment process, which is as strategic and discerning as the operations of RAW itself.
- Aspirants must first clear the UPSC Civil Services Exam, which is the gateway for various civil services in India, including the IPS and IFS, from which RAW often recruits.
- The full form of RAW stands for precision and excellence, and thus, the agency selects candidates based on stellar performance in the UPSC Exam and their adherence to the eligibility criteria.
- Direct Recruitment at the Class I executive level occurs from civil services officers who are undergoing the Foundation Course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA).
- RAW agents, including most secretaries, have historically been officers from the IPS, with other posts being held by officers from the IFS and IRS.
- The selection process for RAW agents intensifies with interviews and psychological assessments conducted at the end of the LBSNAA Foundation Course to identify candidates with the right aptitude for intelligence work.
- Shortlisted candidates are then inducted to work at RAW India for a one-year period, during which their performance and adaptability to the intelligence culture are evaluated.
Eligibility and Preparation :
- Nationality and Legal Standing : Candidates must be unwaveringly loyal Indian citizens, with a clean legal record, free of any criminal background or pending court cases.
- Educational and Age Requirements : A graduation degree from a reputed institution is essential, and candidates must be less than 56 years of age, with a requisite number of years’ experience in government service.
- Language and Skills : Proficiency in at least one foreign language is highly beneficial, reflecting the global operational reach of RAW agents.
By understanding the full form of RAW and aligning with the agency’s mission, you can prepare to navigate the challenging recruitment process. Remember, the raw agent salary is commensurate with the high-stakes and significant responsibilities that come with the role. As you contemplate how to become a RAW agent, keep in mind the dedication and commitment required to serve India’s premier intelligence agency.
Training of RAW Agents
Embarking on the rigorous journey to become a part of RAW, India’s esteemed intelligence agency, involves a meticulously structured training regimen designed to hone a wide array of skills necessary for the multifaceted role of a RAW agent. We aim to provide insights into the comprehensive training process that each aspirant undergoes, reinforcing the commitment to excellence synonymous with the full form of RAW – Research and Analysis Wing.
Basic Training Curriculum
Upon selection, trainees are initiated into the world of intelligence with a robust basic training module that spans various critical areas:
- Espionage Techniques : Trainees are introduced to the art of real-world espionage, learning the nuances of clandestine operations and information gathering.
- Technological Proficiency : Space technology and information security form the backbone of modern intelligence; hence, aspirants are equipped with cutting-edge scientific knowledge.
- Analytical Acumen : A strong emphasis is placed on financial, economic, and geo-strategic analysis to develop the analytical prowess needed for high-stakes decision-making.
- Case Studies : Learning from past successes and failures, trainees study detailed case studies of other intelligence agencies to understand the dynamics of global intelligence work.
Advanced Training: Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB)
After mastering the basics, trainees advance to the Field Intelligence Bureau training, which is an intensive 1-2 year program focusing on:
- Survival Skills : Agents are trained to survive in the most hostile environments, ensuring their readiness for any situation.
- Covert Operations : Mastery in secret operation management, including infiltration and exfiltration techniques, is imparted to handle sensitive missions.
- Interrogation Resistance : Trainees learn to resist and manage interrogation scenarios, a critical skill for maintaining operational integrity.
- Operational Execution : From contact management to mission operation, agents are equipped to execute complex intelligence tasks with precision.
Pathway to Permanent Selection
The journey from trainee to a full-fledged RAW agent is marked by a series of evaluations and choices:
- Initial Induction : Candidates selected through RAS or direct recruitment at the Class 1 Executive Level undergo a year of intensive training, during which their compatibility with intelligence work is assessed.
- Optional Reintegration : At the end of the first year, trainees have the option to return to their parent service, allowing for a reevaluation of their commitment to RAW India’s mission.
- Final Selection : Those who exhibit unwavering dedication and exceptional skill are permanently inducted into the Research and Analysis Service, ready to embark on a career filled with challenges and triumphs.
Throughout the training, the raw agent salary reflects the high stakes and rigorous nature of the work. As you deliberate on how to join RAW and how to become a RAW agent, it’s clear that the path is not easy, but for those who are determined, it’s a journey of transformation into an intelligence professional of the highest caliber. The full form of RAW is a testament to the comprehensive education and preparation that each agent receives, ensuring their readiness to protect and serve with intelligence, valor, and an unwavering sense of duty.
Career Path and Roles in RAW
Embarking on a career with RAW India, the full form of RAW being Research and Analysis Wing, opens up a spectrum of roles that are pivotal to the nation’s security. Here, we outline the career path and roles within RAW, providing a roadmap for aspirants like you, who are seeking to understand how to join RAW and become integral to India’s intelligence framework.
Career Path in RAW
- The journey begins with selection into an elite government job such as IAS or IPS, followed by a national aptitude test in intelligence and psychology, and an interview process.
- Successful candidates are recruited through the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) cadre, part of the Central Staffing Scheme, and undergo a one-year training period to assimilate into RAW’s culture and operations.
- Senior Roles : Secretary/Additional Secretary (R), Joint Secretary
- Mid-level Roles : Director/Deputy Secretary/Attache
- Operational Roles : Senior Field Officer, Field Officer, Deputy Field Officer, Assistant Field Officer
- Advancement through these ranks is contingent on performance, dedication, and the successful execution of missions.
- RAW officials receive the opportunity for international training, equipping them with global intelligence perspectives and operational techniques, which are crucial for RAW agents working in diverse geopolitical landscapes.
Roles and Responsibilities in RAW
- Foreign Intelligence Gathering : As a RAW agent, you will be at the forefront of collecting sensitive information from foreign lands, which is critical for shaping India’s foreign policy and strategic decisions.
- Counter-Terrorism Operations : RAW agents play a decisive role in thwarting terrorism, ensuring the safety of India’s populace and its sovereign interests.
- Policy Advisory : Leveraging the intelligence gathered, RAW agents provide invaluable insights to policymakers, influencing decisions at the highest levels of government.
- Nuclear Security : A RAW agent’s role extends to securing India’s nuclear program, a task of profound national importance.
Maintaining Integrity and Performance
- Performance Review : RAW agents are consistently evaluated for their performance. Those who excel are rewarded with progression, while those who do not meet the standards may face forced retirement.
- Integrity Assurance : The integrity of a RAW agent is paramount. Any doubts regarding an agent’s loyalty or conduct can lead to termination, ensuring the agency remains uncompromised.
As you consider how to join RAW and how to become a RAW agent, it’s clear that the path is demanding yet rewarding. The raw agent salary and benefits are reflective of the high-stakes nature of the work. With RAW India, you are not just choosing a job; you are committing to a lifestyle of vigilance, patriotism, and excellence. Your role within RAW will be instrumental in shaping the security narrative of the nation, and as such, every step of your career will be marked by the pursuit of brilliance and an unwavering dedication to the service of India.
Some of the known activities and operations of RAW are as follows:
- ELINT operations aimed at China
- Bangladesh liberation and aftermath
- Operation Smiling Buddha
- Amalgamation of Sikkim
- Kahuta’s Blueprint
- Operation Lal Dora
- Operation Meghdoot
- Kanishka Bombing case
- Special Operations
- Operation Cactus
- Operations in Sri Lanka
- Anti-Apartheid Movement
- Operation Chanakya
- Overthrowing monarchy in Nepal
- Help to the Northern Alliance
- Operation Leech
- War on Terror
- 2008 Mumbai attacks
- Snatch operations with IB
- 2015 Sri Lankan presidential election
Different Job Roles (Designations ) in RAW
| Designation | Level |
|---|---|
| Secretary (R) | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Special Secretary/Additional Secretary | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Joint Secretary | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Director/Deputy Secretary/Attache | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Senior Field Officer | Group B / C Officers |
| Field Officer | Group B / C Officers |
| Deputy Field Officer | Group B / C Officers |
| Assistant Field Officer | Group B / C Officers |
1. What is the process to become an agent in RAW India?
To pursue a career as a RAW agent, candidates must first clear the Combined Graduate Preliminary Exam (CGPE) conducted by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). Subsequently, they need to qualify for the ‘Group A’ Civil Services exam under the Central Staffing Scheme and excel in all stages of the Civil Service examination.
2. Is it possible to join RAW without taking the UPSC exams?
Direct recruitment into RAW is not available; therefore, candidates must go through the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination process.
3. Where is the headquarters of RAW located in India?
The headquarters of RAW is situated in New Delhi, which serves as the capital of India and is part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is also the administrative hub for all three branches of the Government of India.
4. What is India’s primary secret intelligence agency?
India’s main foreign intelligence agency is the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW).
5. How challenging is it to work for RAW?
Working as a RAW agent is not an easy task; it demands significant hard work, dedication, and a rigorous training process.
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- Comment (183)
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I am a proud INDIAN who wants to join RAW and wants to work for my people. Thanks
Dear sir I am from Imphal ,Manipur where communal clash have been going on since 3rd May, 2023 but still not in silent . This is the act of terrorism which attacked by the Burmese Terrorists to the people of Manipur who are living nearby the Hilly Areas. People are roaming here and there to get shelter. Some are stayed with their relatives and others are in the relief camps opened by the state government. They are facing many problems economically and mentally. Most of their wards are dropped out from the schools. Besides these things, people at the plain areas as well as at the hearth of the city are also facing economical problems as they cannot run their business properly and many organizations are emerged and started donation from the public. Meanwhile some people are trying to get a chance for looting private properties. For the correction of these unfair things I want to join in any of the Central Intelligence service. My contact number is
Dear Sir My contact number is 8787822102
How can i approach for giving an information releated with POK?
I will be glad if i can share this info with R&AW
I will be glad if i can share this with R&AW
research and analysis wing i am join of kolkata partime job I am not interested money
Jai Hind!! I’m just an 8th grade student ,I aspire to Join R&AW.
Code Name: BlackNinja
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Research and Analysis Wing
| Wing overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 21 September 1968;55 years ago (1968-09-21) |
| Headquarters | CGO Complex, , , , India |
| Motto | ) " |
| Employees | Classified |
| Annual budget | Classified |
| Minister responsible | , |
| Wing executive | , (R) |
| Child agencies | |
- This article is part of a series on the Politics of India Constitution and law
| and |
| ( ) ( ) |
| Utpal Kumar Singh ( ) ( ) ( ) |
| (NDA) (INDIA) |
| ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) |
| / / / ( ) ) |
| portal |
The Research and Analysis Wing ( R&AW ) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence , counter-terrorism , counter-proliferation , advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. [4] [5] It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme . [6] [5]
Background (1923–69)
Formation of r&aw in 1968 to present, additional child agencies, structure and organisation, field formations, recruitment, shortage of staff, functions and methods, stations abroad, operations and activities, north america, corruption cases, defections and spy scandals, list of r&aw secretaries, in popular culture, further reading.
During the nine-year tenure of its first Secretary, Rameshwar Nath Kao , R&AW quickly came to prominence in the global intelligence community, playing a role in major events such as accession of the state of Sikkim to India in 1975. [7] Headquartered in New Delhi , R&AW's current chief is Ravi Sinha . [8] [9] The head of R&AW is designated as the Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat , and is under the authority of the Prime Minister of India without parliamentary oversight. Secretary reports to the National Security Adviser on a daily basis. [10] The purview of the Cabinet Secretary is limited to administrative and financial matters. On an administrative basis, the chief reports to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister.
Prior to the inception of the Research and Analysis Wing, overseas intelligence collection was primarily the responsibility of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), which was created by the Government of India during British Raj . In 1933, sensing the political turmoil in the world which eventually led to the Second World War , the Intelligence Bureau's responsibilities were increased to include the collection of intelligence along India's borders.
In 1947, after independence , Sanjeevi Pillai took over as the first Indian Director of the IB. Having been depleted of trained manpower by the exit of the British after Indian independence , Pillai tried to run the bureau on MI5 lines. In 1949, Pillai organised a small foreign intelligence operation, but the Indian debacle in the Sino-Indian War of 1962 showed it to be ineffective. Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962 Sino-Indian War led then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to order a dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established. [4] After the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 , the Chief of Army Staff, General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri , also called for more intelligence-gathering. [4] [5] Around the end of 1966 the concept of a separate foreign intelligence agency began to take concrete shape.
The Indira Gandhi administration decided that a full-fledged second security service was needed. R. N. Kao , then a deputy director of the Intelligence Bureau, submitted a blueprint for the new agency. [11] Kao was appointed as the chief of India's first foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing. [12] : 259 The R&AW was given the responsibility for strategic external intelligence, human as well as technical, plus concurrent responsibility with the Directorate-General of Military Intelligence for tactical trans-border military intelligence up to a certain depth across the Line of control (LOC) and the international border . [4]
From its inception R&AW has been criticised for being an agency not answerable to the people of India (R&AW reports to Prime Minister only). Fears arose that it could turn into the KGB of India. Such fears were kept at bay by the R&AW's able leadership (although detractors of R&AW and especially the Janata Party have accused the agency of letting itself be used for terrorising and intimidating opposition during the 1975–1977 Emergency ). The main controversy which has plagued R&AW in recent years is over bureaucratisation of the system with allegations about favouritism in promotions, corruption, ego clashes, no financial accountability, [13] inter-departmental rivalry, etc. [14] [15] [16] [17] Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B. Raman has criticised the agency for its asymmetric growth; "while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, weak in high-grade intelligence. Strong in technical intelligence , weak in human intelligence . Strong in collation, weak in analysis. Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention." [18]
R&AW started as a wing of the main Intelligence Bureau with 250 employees and an annual budget of ₹ 2 crore . In the early seventies, its annual budget had risen to ₹ 30 crore while its personnel numbered several thousand. In 2007, the budget of R&AW is speculated to be as high as US$ 150 million [19] [5] to as low as US$ 100 million. [20]
Slowly other child agencies such as the Radio Research Center and the Electronics and Technical Services (ETS) were added to R&AW in the 1970s and 1990s. In 1971, Kao had persuaded the Government to set up the Aviation Research Centre (ARC). The ARC's job was aerial reconnaissance . [21] [22] It replaced the Indian Air Force 's old reconnaissance aircraft, and by the mid-1970s, R&AW, through the ARC, had high quality aerial pictures of the installations along the Chinese and Pakistani borders.
In the 1970s, the Special Frontier Force (SFF) moved under R&AW from Intelligence Bureau (IB), and was tasked to train Bengali rebels . [12] : 262 In 1977, R&AW's operations and staff were dramatically cut under the premiership of Morarji Desai , which hurt the organisation's capabilities [23] with the shutting of entire sections of R&AW, like its Information Division. [24] These cuts were reduced following Gandhi's return. In 2004, National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO) was setup by Government of India as a super-feeder agency for technical intelligence .
While the exact nature of the operations conducted by NTO is classified, it is believed that it deals with research on imagery and communications using various platforms. [4] [5]
The present R&AW [25] objectives include:
- Monitoring the political, military, economic and scientific developments in countries which have a direct bearing on India's national security and the formulation of its foreign policy.
- Moulding international public opinion and influence foreign governments.
- Covert Operations to safe guard India's National interests.
- Anti-terror operations and neutralising elements posing a threat to India.
In the past, following the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and due to India's volatile relations with Pakistan, R&AW's objectives had also consisted the following:
- To watch the development of international communism and the schism between the two big communist nations, the Soviet Union and China. As with other countries, both these powers had direct access to the communist parties in India.
- To control and limit the supply of military hardware to Pakistan, from mostly European countries, America and more importantly from China. [4] [5]
R&AW has been organised on the lines of the CIA . [26] The head of R&AW is designated Secretary (R) in the Cabinet Secretariat . Most of the previous chiefs have been experts on either Pakistan or China. [27] They also have the benefit of training in either the USA or the UK, and more recently in Israel . [28] R&AW works directly under the command of the Prime Minister. Its structure and operations are classified. On a daily basis, the Secretary (R) reports to the National Security Adviser . The purview of the Cabinet Secretary over the R&AW is limited to administrative and financial matters. The Secretary (R) reports on an administrative basis to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister. Reporting to the Secretary (R) are: [5]
- An Additional Secretary responsible for the Office of Special Operations and intelligence collected from different countries processed by large number of Joint Secretaries , who are the functional heads of various specified desks with different regional divisions/areas/countries: Area one – Pakistan; Area two – China and Southeast Asia; Area three – the Middle East and Africa; and Area four – other countries. Two Special Joint Secretaries, reporting to the Additional Secretary , head the Electronics and Technical Department which is the nodal agency for ETS and the RRC .
- The Directorate General of Security has important sections – the Aviation Research Centre is headed by one Special Secretary. [29]
The internal structure of the R&AW is a matter of speculation, but brief overviews of the same are present in the public domain. Attached to the Headquarters of R&AW at Lodhi Road , New Delhi are different regional headquarters, which have direct links to overseas stations and are headed by a controlling officer who keeps records of different projects assigned to field officers who are posted abroad. Intelligence is usually collected from a variety of sources by field officers and deputy field officers; it is either preprocessed by a senior field officer or by a desk officer. The desk officer then passes the information to the Joint Secretary and then on to the Additional Secretary and from there it is disseminated to the concerned end user. R&AW personnel are called "Research Officers" instead of the traditional "agents". There is a sizeable number of female officers in R&AW even at the operational level. In recent years, R&AW has shifted its primary focus from Pakistan to China and have started operating a separate desk for this purpose. [5]
The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), under the Cabinet Secretariat , is responsible for coordinating and analysing intelligence activities between R&AW, the Intelligence Bureau and the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA). In practice, however, the effectiveness of the JIC has been varied. [30] Director of R&AW is a member of the JIC Steering Committee and is authorized to brief the Prime Minister. [5] With the establishment of the National Security Council in 1999, the role of the JIC has been merged with the NSC. R&AW's legal status is unusual, in that it is not an "Agency", but a "Wing" of the Cabinet Secretariat . Hence, R&AW is not answerable to the Parliament of India on any issue, which keeps it out of reach of the Right to Information Act . [31] [lower-alpha 1] This exemption was granted through Section 24 read with Schedule II of the act. [33] However, information regarding the allegations of corruption and human rights violations has to be disclosed. [33] [34]
R&AW has 10 field formations all over India, known as Special Bureaus. These Bureaus have an area of responsibility targeted towards the countries that share land border with India . They are largely located in major cities near or along the borders: [35]
| Zone | Headquarters | Rank of Zonal Head | Equivalent rank in R&AW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Zone | Jammu | Additional Secretary | Same |
| Eastern Zone | Kolkata | Commissioner | Joint Secretary |
| South-Western Zone | Mumbai | Commissioner | Joint Secretary |
| North-Eastern Zone | Shillong | Commissioner | Joint Secretary |
| Southern Zone | Chennai | Additional Commissioner | Director |
| Central Zone | Lucknow | Additional Commissioner | Director |
| Western Zone | Jodhpur | Deputy Commissioner | Deputy Secretary |
Initially, R&AW relied primarily on trained intelligence officers who were recruited directly. These belonged to the external wing of the Intelligence Bureau . Candidates are mostly recruited from the IPS and few other civil services along with candidates from armed forces of India, the latter being in lesser number though. Later, it began directly recruiting graduates from universities. However owing to allegations of nepotism in appointments, [36] in 1983 R&AW created its own service cadre, the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent from other Group A Civil Services, under the Central Staffing Scheme. [37]
Direct recruitment at Class I executive level is from Civil services officers undergoing Foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration . At the end of the course, it conducts a campus interview. Based on a selection of psychological tests and the interview, candidates are inducted for a lien period of one year. During this period, they have an option of rejoining their parent service (if they wish to) after which they can be permanently absorbed into the Research and Analysis Service. Delhi-based security think tank Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses noted in one of its reports that R&AW suffered from the 'tail-end syndrome' where the 'bottom of the entrance lists' of those qualifying the UPSC examinations were offered jobs. [13] Additionally, recruitment is also by lateral deputation from the Officer corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers. [38] The Civil and Defence Service Officers permanently resign their cadre and join the RAS. [39] However, according to recent reports, officers can return to their parent cadre after serving a specific period in the agency if they wish to. [40]
Most of the secretaries have been officers from the IPS and other posts are held by IRS and IFS officers. R&AW also employs a number of linguists and other experts in various fields. [41] The service conditions of R&AW officers are governed by the Research and Analysis Wing (Recruitment, Cadre and Service) Rules, 1975. [42]
Basic training commences with ' pep talks ' to boost the morale of the new recruit. This is a ten-day phase in which the inductee is familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage , as opposed to the spies of fiction. Common usages, tradecraft techniques and classification of information are taught. Financial and economic analysis , space technology , information security , energy security and scientific knowledge is imbibed to the trainees. The recruit is made to specialise in a foreign language and introduced to Geostrategic analysis . Case studies of other agencies like CIA , KGB , ISI , Mossad and MI6 are presented for study. The inductee is also taught that intelligence organisations do not identify who is friend and who is foe, the country's foreign policy does. Basic classroom training in tactics and language are imparted to R&AW officers at the residential Training and Language Institute in Gurgaon . [43] [44] [45] A multi-disciplinary school of economic intelligence is also being set up in Mumbai to train intelligence officers in investigating economic crimes like money laundering for terror purposes etc. [46]
After completing 'Basic Training' the recruit is now attached to a Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). Their training here lasts for 1–2 years. They are given firsthand experience of what it was to be out in the figurative cold , conducting clandestine operations . During night exercises under realistic conditions, they are taught infiltration and exfiltration . They are also instructed to avoid capture and if caught, how to face interrogation . They will learn the art of reconnoitre , making contacts, and, the numerous skills of operating an intelligence mission . At the end of the field training , the new recruit is brought back to the school for final polishing. Before their deployment in the field, they will be given exhaustive training in the art of self-defence mainly Krav Maga , and the use of technical espionage devices. They are also drilled in various administrative disciplines so that they could take their place in the foreign missions without arousing suspicion. They are now ready to operate under the cover of an Embassy to gather information, set up their own network of informers, moles or operatives as the task may require. Field and arms training is provided in the Indian Military Academy Headquarters at Dehradun . [47] The training model has been criticised as being 'archaic and too police-centric' and not incorporating 'modern technological advances in methods of communication' etc.
R&AW has a severe shortage of employees. The number of personnel in 2013 was estimated to be 5,000 personnel. This represents a staff deficit of 40% below sanctioned strength. In 2013, The Hindu reported the organisation was short on management level staff by 130 and in specialized areas like technology there was also a huge shortage. In number of cryptanalysts , it was short by approximately 33%. [3]
| – – – – – – – – – – – – – – |
The primary mission of R&AW includes intelligence collection via HUMINT , psychological warfare , subversion , sabotage . [48] R&AW maintains active liaison with other agencies and services in various countries. Those agencies include SVR of Russia, Afghanistan's NDS , Israel's Mossad , Germany's BND , the CIA and MI6 have been well-known, a common interest being Pakistan's nuclear programme . [49]
R&AW has been active in obtaining information and operating through third countries. [4] R&AW offices abroad have limited strength and are largely geared to the collection of military , economic , scientific , and political intelligence . R&AW monitors the activities of certain organisations abroad only insofar as they relate to their involvement with narco terrorist elements and smuggling arms, ammunition, explosives, etc. into India. [50] It does not monitor the activities of criminal elements abroad, which are mainly confined to normal smuggling without any links to terrorist elements. [4] [5]
R&AW officers are posted to Indian diplomatic missions under official cover as diplomats, frequently in the consular wing. The relationship between R&AW and the Ministry of External Affairs has been unstable because they "inhabit different worlds" according to the Times of India.
A task force report prepared by a New Delhi-based security think tank highlighted that R&AW operatives have inadequate non-official cover for overseas operations which 'limits access to spot real targets' and causes issues on handling 'high-value assets'. [13]
| – – – – – – – – – – – – – |
The known activities and operations of R&AW, by country:
South Africa and Namibia
R&AW trained the intelligence officers of many independent African countries and assisted the anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa and Namibia . Retired R&AW officers were deputed to work in training institutes of intelligence agencies of some African states. [51]
R&AW was one of the primary agencies that provided the information about Ravi Pujari , being located in Senegal. This information was then provided to Senegalese authorities, who arrested Pujari and deported him to India. He was formally arrested at Kempegowda International Airport by Karnataka Police . [52]
Afghanistan
During the Soviet War in Afghanistan , R&AW had recruited three powerful warlords, including Ahmad Shah Massoud . [53]
In 1996, R&AW had built a 25-bed military hospital at the Farkhor Air Base . [lower-alpha 2] [54] This airbase was used by the Aviation Research Centre , the reconnaissance arm of R&AW, to repair and operate the Northern Alliance's aerial support. This relationship was further cemented in the 2001 Afghan war . [54] [55]
After the September 11, 2001 attacks , R&AW provided the intelligence to western countries that there were over 120 training camps operating in Afghanistan and Pakistan , run by a variety of militant groups. [56]
After the Overthrow of Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001, R&AW was the first intelligence agency to determine the extent of the Kunduz airlift . [57] [58]
In 2017, R&AW undertook counter-terrorism operation, described as “unprecedented in its scale and scope”, foiled a major terrorist attack by an Islamic State - Khorasan suicide bomber in New Delhi. The CIA was also involved in this Operation. The militant was later transferred to a US base in Afghanistan for further questioning. The operation spanned 3 countries and involved 80 Research officers. [59]
In November–December 2019, a special exfiltration operation was undertaken by R&AW. At least four Indian nationals working in various parts of Afghanistan, that had been abducted by the Haqqani network , were successfully rescued. [60]
In 2020, 10 MSS Operatives from Xinjiang State Security Department (XSSD) were arrested in Kabul by the Afghan NDS . During Questioning, one of operative told the interrogators that they were gathering information about al-Qaeda, Taliban and Turkistan Islamic Party in Kunar and Badakhshan provinces , and wanted to assassinate high-level members of TIP . This counter-intelligence operation was undertaken based on a tip from R&AW. [61]
In the early 1970s, the army of Pakistan launched military crackdown in response to the Bangladesh independence movement . [62] Nearly 1 crore (10 million) refugees fled to India. R&AW was instrumental in the formation of the Bangladeshi guerrilla organisation Mukti Bahini and responsible for supplying information, providing training and heavy ammunition to this organisation. It is also alleged that R&AW planned and executed the 1971 Indian Airlines hijacking as a false flag operation to ban overflight by Pakistani aircraft and disrupt Pakistani troop movement in East Pakistan . [ citation needed ] Special Frontier Force , then under R&AW actively participated in military operations especially in the Chittagong Hill Tracts . [63] After the war ended in the successful creation of Bangladesh. However, four years later Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated on 15 August 1975 at his residence. [64] R&AW operatives claimed that they had advance information about Mujibur Rahman's assassination but Sheikh Mujib tragically ignored inputs. [11] He was killed along with much of his family. Later, R&AW successfully thwarted plans of assassinating Sheikh Hasina Wazed , daughter of Mujibur Rahman, by Islamist extremists . [65]
In 1990, R&AW had helped engineer and support a democratic uprising against Mohammed Ershad , thus leading to his resignation. His Pro-Pakistan and Anti-Hindu policy decisions had been considered a threat by Indian government. [66]
In 1991, after Khaleda Zia had won election, India was alarmed over increased harassment of pro-India politicians, large-scale radicalisation and meticulously planned infiltration of trained extremists into Indian territory by Jamaat-e-Islami . JeI had set-up several terror training camps located along the border. So in order to stop all this activity, R&AW spontaneously bombed several of its camps and a major ISI safe house, thus dismantling JeI's terror network. [67]
In 1977–97, India took active part in Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict . R&AW trained and financed the rebels of Shanti Bahini . [68] [69]
After China tested its first nuclear weapons on 16 October 1964, at Lop Nur , Xinjiang , India and the USA shared a common fear about the nuclear capabilities of China. [70] [71] Owing to the extreme remoteness of Chinese testing grounds, strict secrecy surrounding the Chinese nuclear programme, and the extreme difficulty that an Indian or American would have passing themselves off as Chinese, it was almost impossible to carry out any HUMINT operation. So, the CIA in the late 1960s decided to launch an ELINT operation along with R&AW and ARC to track China's nuclear tests and monitor its missile launches. The operation, in the garb of a mountaineering expedition to Nanda Devi involved Indian climber M S Kohli who along with operatives of Special Frontier Force and the CIA – most notably Jim Rhyne, a veteran STOL pilot – was to place a permanent ELINT device, a transceiver powered by a plutonium battery, that could detect and report data on future nuclear tests carried out by China. [72] The monitoring device was near successfully implanted on Nanda Devi , when an avalanche forced a hasty withdrawal. [73] Later, a subsequent mountain operation to retrieve or replant the device was aborted when it was found that the device was lost. Recent reports indicate that radiation traces from this device have been discovered in sediment below the mountains. [74]
In February 2020, Indian Customs officials detained a Chinese ship from Shanghai Port , at Kandla Port . The ship was bound for Port Qasim in Karachi . It was seized for wrongly declaring an autoclave, which can be used in the launch process of ballistic missiles , as an industrial dryer. This seizure was done on an intelligence tip-off by R&AW. [75] [76]
In late 2020, during India-China Standoff , R&AW was able obtain the decoded PLA WTC cryptography . A Chinese Technician recruited by R&AW had passed the decryption data.
Following a terror attack on Chinese engineers in Pakistan, Chinese contractors have paused construction on two significant CPEC dam projects in PoK . [77] The Pakistani military believe the jihadists and insurgents are handled by "hostile intelligence agencies", a term usually applied to allude to neighbouring India. [78]
In Fiji , where Fijians with Indian ancestry were being persecuted by Sitiveni Rabuka , R&AW launched an operation involving informants in Australia , New Zealand and UK to successfully oust him from power. [79]
In August 1991, R&AW undertook a physical surveillance and tracking operation of Indian nationals from Jammu and Kashmir that were taking weapons training in Qom . [80]
Since 2014, R&AW has undertaken numerous identification, physical surveillance and tracking operations, in Malaysia, targeted towards Khalistani organisations. It is only of because such operations that many high-ranking Khalistani militants like Harminder Singh Mintoo, Tara Singh, Kulbir Kaur, Ramandeep Singh etc. have been arrested and deported to India. [81] [82] [83] [84]
In November 1988, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), composed of about 200 Tamil secessionist rebels under Abdullah Luthufi, invaded Maldives . At the request of the president of Maldives, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom , the Indian Armed Forces , with assistance from R&AW, launched a military campaign to throw the mercenaries out of Maldives. On the night of 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force airlifted the 6th parachute battalion of the Parachute Regiment from Agra and flew them over 2,000 km to Maldives . The Indian paratroopers landed at the airstrip of Hulhule island and restored the Government rule at Malé within a day. The operation, labelled Operation Cactus , also involved the Indian Navy . Swift operation by the military and precise intelligence by R&AW quelled the insurgency . [5] [85]
In 2018–19, R&AW undertook many operations that crippled ISI and MSS intelligence network in Maldives. [86]
In February 1983 , Mauritian Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth requested assistance from Mrs Indira Gandhi in the event of a coup by rival politician Paul Bérenger . In March 1983, Gandhi ordered the Indian Army and Navy to prepare for a military intervention against a possible coup against the Jugnauth government. But the military intervention was put off by Mrs. Gandhi, after a squabble between the Indian Navy and Army, on who would lead the operation. Instead, she chose to task the Research and Analysis Wing's then chief, Nowsher F. Suntook, with supervising a largely intelligence-led operation to reunite the Indian community of Mauritius whose fracturing along ideological and communal lines had allowed Mr. Berenger to mount a political challenge. [87]
During the 1990s, R&AW cultivated Burmese rebel groups and pro-democracy coalitions, especially the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). India allowed the KIA to carry a limited trade in jade and precious stones using Indian territory and even supplied them weapons. It is further alleged that KIA chief Maran Brang Seng met the Secretary(R) in Delhi twice. However, when the KIA became the main source of training and weapons for militant groups in Northeast India, R&AW initiated an operation, code named Operation Leech , to assassinate the leaders of the Burmese rebels as an example to other groups. in 1998, six top rebel leaders, including military wing chief of National Unity Party of Arakans (NUPA), Khaing Raza, were shot dead and 34 Arakanese guerrillas were arrested and charged with gunrunning. [5] [88]
In 1995, in Mizoram along the India–Myanmar border , the 57th Mountain Division of the Indian Army carried out the Operation Golden Bird . [89] The operation was launched because R&AW had provided information that a huge consignment of arms for northern eastern had reached to Cox's Bazar (Bangladesh) and was to be sent to insurgents in Manipur . The arms, as per intelligence were meant for groups in Nagaland and Isak-Muivah group in Manipur. Forces were deployed for counterinsurgency in the states of Manipur and Nagaland. Radio sets and other technological instruments were used to intercepts insurgents messages. On 5 April 1995, the Indian troops captured an insurgent named Hathi Bsrvah, trained by Pakistani ISI near Karachi. By 21 May 1995, the operation was finally called off. [90]
In 2015, R&AW and Military Intelligence of Indian Army provided the intelligence support to 21 Para (SF) , for their counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar . [91]
In 1998, Mirza Dilshad Beg , a Nepalese parliamentarian and an ISI informant was assassinated by R&AW. [92]
Raju Pargai & Amit Arya was shot dead in 2011, who was running Mirza Dilshad Beg entire network in Uttarakhand. [93] Despite the accusation and arrest of Lucky Bisht , there was not enough evidence to convict him in the murder case, leading to his eventual acquittal. [94] [95] [96]
During 1997–2013, R&AW along with IB carried out multiple operations, in which many militant leaders like Yasin Bhatkal of Indian Mujahideen ; Bhupinder Singh Bhuda of Khalistan Commando Force ; Tariq Mehmood, Asif Ali, Syed Abdul Karim Tunda , Abu Qasim of Lashkar-e-Taiba ; Fayaz Ahmed Mir of Jaish-e-Mohammed were secretly brought to India. [92] [97] [98]
In 2014, R&AW along with DGFI tracked down Indian Mujahideen 's top commander, Zia Ur Rehman in Nepal. The operation was executed by DGFI after formal request from India's R&AW and Nepal's law enforcement agencies. [99]
In 2017, it was reported that R&AW had kidnapped a mid-level ISI officer Lt. Col. Mohammed H Zahir from Lumbini . There were reports that Zahir was among the ISI team that had taken part in kidnapping and smuggling of former Indian Navy officer Kulbhushan Jadhav from Chabahar , Iran to Meshkal Pakistan. [100] [101]
In September 2022, Mohammad Lal, who was a huge supplier of counterfeit Indian currency was shot dead by two unidentified armed men in Kathmandu. The assailants immediately fled the scene after shooting Lal. R&AW had been looking for Lal for a long time for his alleged connections with ISI and D-Company . [102]
During the late 1960s, R&AW had infiltrated the highest levels of Pakistani military and political leadership. It even had a Mole inside General Yahya Khan 's Office. This mole had also alerted the Indian armed forces, a week before about impending Pakistani Air attack. This alert was correct as Pakistan attacked India on December 3, thus starting the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 . [103]
R&AW's most successful spy Ravindra Kaushik spied in Pakistan in the 1970s. He was from Rajasthan's Sri Ganganagar , Kaushik was a student and an aspiring actor, he used to do acting on stage. He was acting in a patriotic play in a theatre in Lucknow when R&AW recruiter spotted this young boy. He joined R&AW in 1975 at the age of 23. They trained him, made a disguise identity and sent to Pakistan. He did an LLB in Karachi university and joined the Pakistani army, eventually he was promoted to the rank of major. Amid 1979-83 he passed valuable information to R&AW. Due to his feats the then Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi gave him title of "The Black Tiger". [104] [105]
Kahuta is the site of the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL), Pakistan's main nuclear weapons laboratory as well as an emerging centre for long-range missile development. The primary Pakistani missile-material production facility is located at Kahuta , employing gas centrifuge enrichment technology to produce Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU). R&AW first confirmed Pakistan's nuclear programs by analysing the hair samples snatched from the floor of barber shops near KRL; which showed that Pakistan had developed the ability to enrich uranium to weapons-grade quality. R&AW operatives knew about Kahuta Research Laboratories from at least early 1978, [106] when the then Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai , accidentally exposed R&AW's operations on Pakistan's covert nuclear weapons program . In an indiscreet moment in a telephone conversation one day, Morarji Desai informed the then Pakistan President, Zia-ul-Haq , that India was aware of Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. According to later reports, acting on this "tip-off", Pakistan's ISI and army eliminated most of R&AW's assets in and around Kahuta. [5] [107] [108]
R&AW received information from one of its informants in a London-based company, which had supplied Arctic-weather gear to Indian troops in Ladakh that some Pakistan paramilitary forces had bought similar Arctic-weather gear. [109] This information was shared with Indian Army which soon launched Operation Meghdoot to take control of Siachen Glacier with around 300 [109] acclimatised troops were airlifted to Siachen before Pakistan could launch any operation resulting in Indian head start and eventual Indian domination of all major peaks in Siachen. [109]
In the mid-1980s, R&AW set up two special units, Counterintelligence Team-X(CIT-X) and Counterintelligence Team-J(CIT-J) , the first directed at Pakistan [110] and the second at Khalistani groups. [111] Rabinder Singh , the R&AW officer who later defected to the United States in 2004, helped run CIT-J in its early years. Both these covert units used the services of cross-border traffickers to ferry weapons and funds across the border, much as their ISI counterparts were doing. According to former R&AW official and noted security analyst B. Raman, the Indian counter-campaign yielded results. "The role of our cover action capability in putting an end to the ISI's interference and support of khalistani militants in Punjab, thus completely stopping years of violence and insurgency", he wrote in 2002, "by making such interference prohibitively costly is little known and understood." These covert groups were disbanded during the tenure of IK Gujral and were never restarted. [112] As per B Raman a former R&AW Additional Secretary , these covert groups were successful in keeping a check on ISI and were "responsible for ending the Khalistani insurgency". [113] [114]
During the mid-1990s, R&AW undertook an operation to infiltrate various ISI -backed militant groups in Jammu and Kashmir . R&AW operatives infiltrated the area, collected military intelligence, and provided evidence about ISI 's involvement in training and funding separatist groups. R&AW was successful not only in unearthing the links, but also in infiltrating and neutralising the terrorism in the Kashmir valley. [115] [116] It is also credited for creating a split in the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen . [117] Operation Chanakya also marked the creation of pro-Indian groups in Kashmir like the Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen, Muslim Mujahideen etc. These counter-insurgencies consist of ex-militants and relatives of those slain in the conflict. Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen leader Kokka Parrey was himself assassinated by separatists. [4]
During the Kargil War , R&AW was also successful in intercepting a telephonic conversation between Pervez Musharraf , the then Pakistan Army Chief who was in Beijing and his chief of staff Lt. Gen. Mohammed Aziz in Islamabad . [118] This tape was later published by India to prove Pakistani involvement in the Kargil incursion. [118] [119]
In 2004, it had come to light that a timely tip-off by R&AW helped foil a third assassination plot against Pakistan's former president, General Pervez Musharraf . [120]
About 2–6 months before 26/11 Mumbai attacks , R&AW had intercepted several telephone calls through SIGINT which pointed at impending attacks on Mumbai Hotels by Pakistan-based terrorists, [121] however there was a coordination failure and no follow up action was taken. [122] Few hours before the attacks, a R&AW technician monitoring satellite transmissions picked up conversations between attackers and handlers, as the attackers were sailing toward Mumbai. The technician flagged the conversations as being suspicious and passed them on to his superiors. R&AW believed that they were worrying and immediately alerted the office of the National Security Advisor. However the intelligence was ignored. [123] Later, just after the terrorists had attacked Mumbai, the technicians started monitoring the six phones used by the terrorists and recorded conversations between the terrorists and their handlers. [124]
In March 2016, Kulbhushan Jadhav , an Indian naval officer who working as a R&AW agent, was arrested in Balochistan and charged with espionage and sabotage. He was accused of operating a covert terror network within Balochistan. In 2017, he was sentenced to death by a Field General Court Martial in Pakistan. [125] [126] [127] While held by Pakistani authorities, Jadhav had confessed in a video recording that he was tasked by R&AW, “to plan and organise espionage and sabotage activities” in Balochistan and Karachi . [128] [127]
During the 2016 Line of Control strike , R&AW played an important role by providing real time and accurate intelligence to operational advisors and planners. It had deployed its human assets closest to the 8 demarcated launch-pads in Pakistan administered Kashmir. It also started Physical Surveillance of Chief of Pakistan army , 10 Corps commander and force commander of Northern Areas. [129]
During 2019 Balakot airstrike , R&AW played an important role by identifying and providing intelligence on Markaz Syed Ahmad Shaheed training camp, to operational planners. It had HUMINT that a large number of terrorists had congregated in the camp. [130] [131]
On 1 March 2022, one of the hijackers of Flight IC 814 flight, Zahoor Mistry, was killed by two bike-borne assailants in Karachi. It was Mistry who had killed one of the passengers, 25-year-old Rupin Katyal , on the flight. It is widely believed he was assassinated by R&AW. [132] [133]
On 20 February 2023, Hizbul Commander Bashir Ahmad Peer alias Imtiyaz Alam who was India's most wanted designated terrorist under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act was shot dead outside a store by unknown assailants in Rawalpindi. It is widely believed that R&AW was behind this. [134]
On May 6, 2023, Paramjit Singh Panjwar , the Chief of Khalistan Commando Force was gunned down by two unidentified bike-borne gunmen in Johar Town of Lahore while he was out for a morning walk near his residence. Most likely it is believed he was assassinated by R&AW operative. [135]
On April 4, 2024, The Guardian reported that the Indian government had allegedly ordered the killings of individuals in Pakistan. Up to 20 assassinations had taken place since 2020, targeting individuals who were either linked to known terrorist organizations or were former members of these organizations. [136]
Philippines
In March 2023, with the help of Indian intelligence inputs, officers from the Philippine Bureau of Immigration , the Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center and the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency arrested three suspected members of the Khalistan Tiger Force (KTF) in the central Philippine city of Iloilo . [137] [138]
The suspects were deported back to India in May 2023. [139]
Saudi Arabia
Since the 1990s, given its position as the largest source of funds and promoter of Salafist ideology and being considered major security challenge for India. R&AW has greatly expanded its activities and operation in Saudi Arabia. Abdul Karim Tunda was captured in Saudi Arabia and was secretly brought to India. [97]
Since 2012, R&AW has carried out numerous operations in Saudi Arabia. It is only because of such operations that dozens of high-ranking terrorists like Zabiuddin Ansari , Habibur Rahman, Sabeel Ahmed , Muhammed Gulnawaz etc. have been deported and arrested in India. [140] [141] [142] [143]
In April 2023 the Saudi cabinet gave approval for joint cooperation with Indian intelligence agencies. It also approved Riyadh's status as a dialogue partner for SCO as India prepares to host the SCO summit in July. India-Saudi defence and security partnership has been steadily growing. Last year, there were a number of high-level bilateral visits and meetings, beginning in February with the first-ever official visit to India by Lt Gen Fahd bin Abdullah Mohammed Al-Mutair, commander of Royal Saudi Land Forces . [144] [145]
In the late 1980s, R&AW allegedly started funding and training LTTE to keep a check on Sri Lanka , [146] [ better source needed ] which had helped Pakistan in the Indo-Pak War by allowing Pakistani ships to refuel at Sri Lankan ports. However, when LTTE created a lot of problems and complications for India, R&AW switched sides and started providing intelligence support to Sri Lanka. When Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi was forced to send the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) under Operation Pawan in 1987 to restore normalcy in the region. The disastrous mission of the IPKF was blamed by many on the lack of coordination between the IPKF and R&AW. Its most disastrous manifestation was the Heliborne assault on LTTE HQ in the Jaffna University campus in the opening stages of Operation Pawan . The dropping paratroopers became easy targets for the LTTE. A number of soldiers were killed. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi ended India's involvement in Sri Lankan Civil war. [ citation needed ]
In 2010, R&AW carried out a snatch operation in Sri Lanka, in which a top HuJI militant Sheikh Abdul Khawaja – handler of the 26/11 Mumbai terror attackers was captured and secretly taken away to India. [147]
In 2015, it was allegedly reported by the Sri Lankan newspaper The Sunday Times , that R&AW had played a role in uniting the opposition, to bring about the defeat of Mahinda Rajapaksa . There had been growing concern in the Indian government, on the increasing influence of economic and military rival China in Sri Lankan affairs. Rajapaksa further upped the ante by allowing 2 Chinese submarines to dock in 2014, without informing India, in spite of a stand still agreement to this effect between India and Sri Lanka. The growing Chinese tilt of Rajapaksa was viewed by India with unease. Further, it was alleged, that R&AW's Chief of Station in Colombo, helped coordination of talks within the opposition, and convincing former PM Ranil Wickremasinghe not to stand against Rajapaksa, but to choose a common opposition candidate, who had better chances of winning. The Station chief was also alleged to have been in touch with Chandrika Kumaratunga , who played a key role in convincing Maithripala Sirisena to be the common candidate. [148] However these allegations were denied by the Indian Government [149] and the Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Mangala Samaraweera . [150] [151]
Before the 2019 Easter bombings , R&AW had issued precision intelligence warnings to its Sri Lankan counterpart about an impending terrorist attack. All of these warnings were based on HUMINT gathered by it. [152] [153]
In 2019, R&AW was also able to infiltrate PLA communication through the Chinese military to Sri Lanka. It was because of this that the post was vacant for nearly 8–9 months; the attache was called back after Chinese had learned of this infiltration.
In the mid-1990s, after the rise of Pakistan backed Taliban in Afghanistan, India started supporting the Northern Alliance. In order to provide support, India had acquired Farkhor Air Base . This airbase was used by R&AW, along with M.I. , as a base of operations for all their activities directed to Afghanistan like covert paramilitary operations and HUMINT gathering. The airbase was also used by ARC and Directorate of Air Intelligence (DAI), to provide aerial reconnaissance to Northern Alliance. [54]
During the 2015 G20 Antalya summit , the R&AW station in Ankara increased its strength in order to provide additional security cover for visiting PM Modi, along with SPG . Officers from MI5 and Mossad were also deployed to provide Security as part of liaison agreement. [154]
A detailed report from The Washington Post and The Sydney Morning Herald revealed R&AW's deep operations in the country. Australian authorities expelled two Indian intelligence operatives in 2020 for being members of an elaborate “nest of spies” that attempted to steal sensitive information about defence technology, major airport security and trade relationships. [155] [156]
ASIO Director-General Mike Burgess revealed in 2021 that ASIO had uncovered a “nest of spies” from R&AW, whose operations included grooming politicians and a foreign embassy as informants and R&AW had also recruited an Australia government official with security clearance. [155]
In 2021, R&AW is reported to have foiled an assassination plot hatched by Khalistan Commando Force militants from Belgium and United Kingdom, to target farmers' leader protesting at Delhi. [157] [158]
Since 2014, R&AW has undertaken numerous physical surveillance, identification and tracking operations in Germany, targeted towards Khalistani militants and Islamic fundamentalists. It has aggressively recruited agents inside pro-Khalistan circles all across Germany, in cities like Frankfurt and Berlin . [159]
The latest surveillance operation was undertaken in 2019, with target being Gurmeet Singh Bagga, co-leader of the Khalistan Zindabad Force and a fugitive wanted for the Punjab drone Arms drop Case . [159]
After 26/11 , it was uncovered that Pakistan's ISI had not only laundered large amount of money for the attack but also arranged VOIP calls that allowed the handlers to talk to the militants through the Italian city of Brescia .
So in order to counter these activities, R&AW established a new station in Rome . Since then, it has undertaken hundreds of operations, directed towards Sleeper cells / operatives of Pakistan-based Islamic and Khalistani militant organisations. [160] [161] It has also aggressively recruited agents inside Pro-Khalistan circles all across Italy [159]
United Kingdom
During the 1980s, R&AW launched an extensive operation in London to neutralise UK-based Pakistani national Abdul Khan, who had played an instrumental role in sheltering extremists and planning attacks in India. [162]
Since the suppression and defeat of Khalistani insurgency in the late 1990s, R&AW has greatly expanded its informant network inside Khalistani circles and associations in the UK. Wanted Khalistanis like Paramjeet Singh Pamma and Kuldeep Singh Chaheru have been living in UK since they fled in 1992, thus necessitating increased R&AW presence. [ according to whom? ] [163] [159] [162]
On 15 June 2023, Avtar Singh Khanda, the UK-based chief of the Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) was suddenly admitted to the hospital with a case of blood cancer, and later died. His followers in the UK believe that Indian intelligence had him poisoned and are demanding the full medical report. [164] [165]
Kanishka Bombing case: On 23 June 1985 Air India's Flight 182 was blown up near Ireland and 329 people died. On the same day, another explosion took place at Tokyo's Narita airport's transit baggage building where baggage was being transferred from Cathay Pacific Flight No CP 003 to Air India Flight 301 which was scheduled for Bangkok . Both aircraft were loaded with explosives from Canadian airports. Flight 301 got saved because of a delay in its departure. This was considered as a major setback to R&AW for failing to gather enough intelligence about the Khalistani militants . [166] [167] [168]
In April 2020, it was reported that R&AW and IB had launched an extensive operation in 2009–2015, to influence the Canadian government and politicians into supporting India's interests. [169] Canada has long being accused by India for being a safe haven for Khalistani separatists. [170]
In July 2020, Canada put two Sikh men on Passenger Protect , the Canadian no-fly list, after Canadian Security Intelligence Service had received information from R&AW that both intended to travel to Pakistan and carry out an ISI -backed terrorist attack inside India. One of the men was identified as the son of Lakhbir Singh Rode , a well-known Khalistani separatist. [171]
On 19 June 2023, Hardeep Singh Nijjar , a prominent Khalistani leader and alleged chief of the Khalistan Tiger Force was shot to death outside the parking lot of Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara in Surrey , British Columbia. [172] Nijjar was accused of training and funding members of the separatist group and had been declared a terrorist by India, who put a bounty of ₹ 10 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 12 lakh or US$14,000 in 2023) for information leading to his arrest. [173] This was heavily seen as an R&AW assassination operation by not only followers of Nijjar, but also from Canadian officials. [174] [175] On 18 September 2023, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau formally accused the Indian government of the killing and acknowledged the expulsion of a prominent Indian diplomat responsible for R&AW activities in the country. [176] India rejected Canada's allegations of involvement in Nijjar's murder, calling the Canadian government's allegations "absurd and motivated", and expelled numerous Canadian diplomats. [177]
United States
On 23 November 2023, the Financial Times reported that the United States had prevented a plan to assasinate Gurpatwant Singh Pannun , an alleged Sikh separatist, on American soil. [178] Following this, the US requested India to hold accountable those responsible for the plot. On 20 March 2024, Bloomberg reported that an Indian investigation had found rogue operatives who were not authorized by the government to be involved in the plot. Additionally, at least one person who was directly involved in the alleged assassination attempt is no longer employed by R&AW. However, India has not initiated any criminal action against them. [179] According to the Washington Post , It is the U.S. intelligence agencies assessment that the operation targeting Pannun was approved by Samant Goel , the R&AW chief at the time. [180] The plot in the United States coincided with the June 18 shooting death of Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Surrey, B.C., near Vancouver — an operation also linked to R&AW. The foiled assassination was part of an escalating campaign of aggression by R&AW against alleged Sikh Separatists in Asia, Europe and North America, officials have said. [156] [181]
- In the edition of 8 February 2010 Outlook Magazine reported on former R&AW Chief, Ashok Chaturvedi , using Government of India funds to take his wife along on international trips. After retirement, Chaturvedi had a diplomatic passport issued for himself and his wife. Per Outlook Magazine : "Only grade 'A' ambassadors—usually IFS officers posted in key countries like the UK and US—are allowed to hold diplomatic passports after retirement. The majority, who do not fit that bill, hold passports issued to ordinary citizens. In fact, all former R&AW chiefs Outlook spoke to confirmed they had surrendered their diplomatic passports the day they retired. And their spouses weren't entitled to diplomatic passports even while they were in service." [182]
- In September 2007, R&AW was involved in a controversy due to a high-profile CBI raid at the residence of Major General (retired) V K Singh, a retired Joint Secretary of R&AW who has recently written a book on R&AW where it was alleged that political interference and corruption in the intelligence agency has made it vulnerable to defections. One of the instances of corruption mentioned in the book was the preference given by R&AW departments towards purchasing intelligence from the Rohde and Schwarz company. [183] A reason for such corruption as explained by the author is that " ...R&AW was not answerable to any outside agency – the control of the Prime Minister's Office was perfunctory, at best – many officers thought that they were not only above the law but a law unto themselves. " [184] A case under the Official Secrets Act has also been filed against V K Singh. [185]
- On 19 August 2008 the R&AW Director (Language) who was also head of the R&AW Training Institute in Gurgaon from 2005 [186] tried to commit suicide in front of Prime Minister's Office , alleging inaction and wrong findings to a sexual harassment complaint filed against a Joint Secretary , who was on deputation to R&AW. [187] [188] She was discharged from duty on the ground that she was mentally unfit [189] and that her identity was disclosed. [190] She was later separately charged with criminal trespass, [191] human trafficking [192] and for her repeated attempts to commit suicide. [190] The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) ordered R&AW to reinstate her [193] however R&AW filed an appeal against the CAT order which is pending before Delhi High Court . [194] On 20 January 2011 she was sent for psychological evaluation [195] and medical detention by a Delhi High Court judge when she tried to strip herself in the court protesting over the slow pace of her trial. [196] [197] The psychological evaluation report stated that 'she may be suffering a mental problem due to loss of job and her continuous run-ins at the courts, but she was certainly not suffering from any permanent or grave mental disorder.' [190] On 15 December 2014, the Supreme Court of India quashed the 2008 media release, which proclaimed Ms. Bhatia as mentally unstable, on the ground that it affected the "dignity, reputation and privacy of a citizen". [198]
- A senior technical officer was arrested by CBI on graft charges, on 4 February 2009. The scientist, a Director level employee, worked in the division that granted export licenses to companies dealing in "sensitive" items, including defence-related equipment. He was accused of demanding and accepting a bribe of ₹ 100,000 from a Chennai based manufacturer for obtaining an export license. [199]
- In September 2009, seven Additional Secretaries from the RAS cadre had gone on protest leave after A. B. Mathur, an IPS officer, superseded them to the post of Special Secretary. [200] [201] Over the years the tussle between the RAS cadre and officers on deputation from IPS cadre has caused friction in the working of the agency. [202]
- In the early 1980s, K.V. Unnikrishnan, a 1962 batch IPS officer, who was posted at R&AW station in Colombo was honey-trapped by CIA. Between 1985 and 1987 when he was deputed as the station chief at Chennai, coordinating Sri Lanka operations, he gave away information to his handler on training and arming Tamil groups including LTTE, the Indian government's negotiating positions on the peace accord with Sri Lanka and the encryption code used by the agency. He was caught by IB counter-intelligence in 1987, spent a year in Tihar jail and was dismissed from IPS cadre. [203] [204] [205]
- In 2004, there was a spy scandal involving the CIA . [206] Rabinder Singh , Joint Secretary and the head of R&AW's South East Asia department, defected to America on 5 June 2004. R&AW had already become suspicious about his movements and he was under surveillance for a very long time. Soon he was confronted by Counter Intelligence officials on 19 April 2004. Despite all precautions, Rabinder Singh managed to defect with 'sensitive files' he had allegedly removed from R&AW's headquarters in south New Delhi. This embarrassing fiasco and national security failure were attributed to weak surveillance, shoddy investigation, and lack of coordination between the Counter Intelligence and Security, Intelligence Bureau (IB) and R&AW. [207] According to unconfirmed reports, Singh has surfaced in Virginia , USA. Recently in an affidavit submitted to the court, R&AW deposed that Singh has been traced in New Jersey . [208] It has been speculated in the book Mission R&AW that although the CIA was found directly involved in compromising Singh and Unnikrishnan, at least eight other R&AW officers managed to clandestinely migrate and settle in foreign countries like the US and Canada with the help of their spy agencies. [209]
- In 2007, there was a spy scandal involving Bangladesh . [210] A Bangladeshi DGFI agent concealed his nationality before joining R&AW, and was known by the name of Diwan Chand Malik in the agency. He was known to have some important intel which was damaging for the national security. He joined the agency in 1999 and used to live in East Delhi . A case of cheating and forgery was filed against him at the Lodhi Colony police station on the basis of a complaint by a senior R&AW official. [211]
- On 25 March 2016, Pakistan claimed that they arrested a R&AW operative by the name of Kulbhushan Jadhav who was operating in Balochistan province under the covername Hussain Mubarak Patel . Pakistan claimed that he was carrying a passport under that fake identity and used to operate a jewellery shop in Chahbahar , Iran. He is believed to be a serving commander-ranked officer in Indian Navy . [212] [213] [214] According to a section of Pakistani media, he was involved in terrorist incidents in Karachi and Balochistan, most notably the terrorist attack on a bus full of Shia passengers in Safoora Goth , Karachi. [215] However, Indian MEA said that though Jadhav was an Indian Navy officer who retired prematurely, he has no link with the government. [216] The Indian High Commission has also sought consular access to Jadhav but Pakistan has not agreed to it [217] and Pakistan leaked some information without realising glaring loopholes in the same. The Iranian President Hassan Rouhani also dismissed Pakistan's claim and stated them as mere rumours. [217] According to an Indian official, Jadhav owns a cargo business in Iran and had been working out of Bandar Abbas and Chabahar ports. "It appears that he strayed into Pakistani waters. But there is also a possibility that he was lured into Pakistan sometime back and fake documents were created on him. [217]
| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1968 | 1977 | Founder of R&AW, ARC • • • Amalgamation of • operation with the against China | |
| 2 | 1977 | 1977 | Resigned from service in protest of downgrading the designation of Head of R&AW as Director, R&AW instead of Secretary (R). | |
| 3 | N. F. Suntook | 1977 | 1983 | Founder Director of RRC (Radio Research Centre), • Executed |
| 4 | 1983 | 1986 | • Collaborated with the Intelligence Agencies of United States, the erstwhile , China, , Afghanistan, , etc. • • | |
| 5 | S. E. Joshi | 1986 | 1987 | • Continued collaboration with Intelligence Agencies • During his tenure, the post of Director of RA&W was re-designated as Secretary (R) and this designation has continued since then. |
| 6 | A. K. Verma | 1987 | 1990 | • • |
| 7 | G. S. Bajpai | 1990 | 1991 | Counter Insurgency operations |
| 8 | N. Narasimhan | 1991 | 1993 | |
| 9 | J. S. Bedi | 1993 | 1993 | Chief during • Specialist in China, Pakistan and counter terrorism. |
| 10 | A. S. Syali | 1993 | 1996 | • Increased economic surveillance • Emphasis on advanced training and more recruitment |
| 11 | Ranjan Roy | 1996 | 1997 | Negotiation on |
| 12 | 1997 | 1999 | • • | |
| 13 | 1999 | 2000 | • Negotiated with hijackers • Tenure marred by allegations of incompetence and mishandling. | |
| 14 | 13 December 2000 | 31 March 2003 | Founder of | |
| 15 | 1 April 2003 | 31 January 2005 | • Revamped ARC • Inauguration of R&AW headquarters at Lodhi Road, New Delhi | |
| 16 | 1 February 2005 | 31 January 2007 | • Served an instrumental role in setting up of • Negotiated the end of and helped warring parties to sign the . | |
| 17 | 1 February 2007 | 31 January 2009 | • Tenure marred by many allegations of nepotism and corruption • Investigation of | |
| 18 | 1 February 2009 | 30 December 2010 | Investigation of | |
| 19 | 30 December 2010 | 29 December 2012 | ||
| 20 | 30 December 2012 | 30 December 2014 | ||
| 21 | 31 December 2014 | 31 December 2016 | • • | |
| 22 | 1 January 2017 | 29 June 2019 | • Operation Sunrise • | |
| 23 | 1 July 2019 | 30 June 2023 | • | |
| 24 | 1 July 2023 |
Most of the Secretaries of Research and Analysis Wing have been Indian Police Service (IPS) officers. R. N. Kao and K. Sankaran Nair belonged to the Imperial Police (IP), of the British colonial days which was renamed as the Indian Police Service after Indian Independence in 1947. N. F. Suntook had served in the Indian Navy , then in the Indian Police Service and in the Indian Frontier Administration Service. Vikram Sood was from the Indian Postal Service (IPoS) and was later permanently absorbed in the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) cadre. [222] Now he acts as Advisor to Fair Observer. [223] A. S. Dulat was an Indian Police Service officer deputed from the Intelligence Bureau . All the chiefs have been experts on China or Pakistan except for Ashok Chaturvedi , who was an expert on Nepal . [27]
Films in the 1960s and 1970s, such as Aankhen (1968), starring Dharmendra and Mala Sinha , Prem Pujari starring Dev Anand in 1970, and Hindustan Ki Kasam (1973) starring Raaj Kumar and Priya Rajvansh referenced "agents" and "espionage". However, since the late 1990s and early 2000, Bollywood and other regional films have openly mentioned R&AW and its allied units, with the intelligence agencies at the center of the plot. In The Hero (2003) film Sunny Deol played a RAW spy, who eliminates Pakistani terrorists who tried to gain bombs to use against India. [225] In Romeo Akbar Walter (2019), John Abraham played the role of a spy recruited by the Research and Analysis Wing. [226] In the film Mission Majnu (2023), Siddharth Malhotra played a secret raw field agent, Parmeet Sethi portrayed R.N. Kao while Sharib Hashmi , Kumud Mishra also played the role of undercover raw agents. [227]
Ravindra Kaushik is RAW's most celebrated spy. RAW selected him when he was a college student in his hometown Sri Ganganagar . Epic TV broadcast his biography in Adrishya , a documentary show dedicated to India's legendary spies. In another episode India's current NSA, former RAW agent Ajit Doval story was featured. [228] [229] The popular Malayalam film Highway , starring Suresh Gopi and Bhanupriya , is a major example for a South Indian film featuring R&AW, and is the only Malayalam film to be so. [ citation needed ]
In television channels in India , 2612 which used to air on Life OK , featured Cabir Maira as a R&AW agent Anand Swami who helps an STF officer Randeep Rathore to save the country from a terrorist attack. Time Bomb 9/11 , a series aired on Zee TV , featured Rajeev Khandelwal in the role of a R&AW field officer who attempts to defuse a nuclear bomb set in India, as well as saving the life of the Indian prime minister. Zee Bangla featured a serial named Mohona where the chief protagonist is a R&AW officer. Sajda Tere Pyar Mein a series on Star Plus , features Shaleen Bhanot in the role of a R&AW officer who asks a young woman named Aliya for help in catching a spy named Mahendra Pratap. The Indian version of 24 has a host of characters affiliated with R&AW. The 2018 web series Sacred Games has a R&AW agent played by Radhika Apte . [230] Foreign films which have actors playing R&AW agents include Pakistan-based-films such as Waar (2013). [231] Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond is a Hindi -language war drama streaming television series directed by Santosh Singh for JioCinema . The series stars Ashutosh Rana as Raqib Askani ISI chief, Ashish Vidyarthi as NSA Madhusudan dutta based on Ajit Doval , Jimmy Shergill as R&AW Field operative Kashyap Sinha, Lara Dutta as Manisha Bharadwaj , Aakanksha Singh as Richa Singh , Mir Sarwar as Terrorist Hammad Wadhera, Prasanna as Wing Commander Abhimanyu Vardhan based on Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman , Sikandar Kharbanda and others. [232] [233] [234] [235] The series was premeiered on 25 April 2024 on JioCinema . Very Realistic Portrayal of R&AW operation was done.
Some academic commentators have linked the increasing surfeit of Indian films and TV series on espionage thriller genre, where an Indian hero staves off impending global catastrophe, as a marker of an aspirational Pax Indica not based on 'older paradigms of internationalism based on universal brotherhood and non-violent pacifism associated with Gandhi and Nehru ' but on the motif of an increasingly assertive potential superpower . [236]
- Intelligence Bureau (India)
- Central Bureau of Investigation
- Mass surveillance in India
- List of Indian intelligence agencies
- ↑ However notwithstanding that they are exempt from the Right to Information Act, Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) has conveyed, in response to an RTI petition filed by Anuj Dhar, that they are not holding any information on Subhas Chandra Bose RAW says no info on Netaji, but the slip shows . [32]
- ↑ The Northern Alliance military commander, Ahmad Shah Massoud , who was assassinated in September 2001 by two Arab suicide bombers posing as journalists, died in the India-run hospital. [54]
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Amritpal Singh Sandhu is a radical Indian pro-Khalistan separatist, a self-styled Sikh preacher and politician. He is a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha representing the constituency of Khadoor Sahib since 2024.
Khalistan Tiger Force ( KTF ) is a militant outfit of the Khalistan movement. In February 2023, it was designated as a terrorist organization by the Government of India.
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- ↑ "Khalistani leader shot dead inside gurdwara in Canada" . The Independent . 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2023 .
- ↑ "Murder at the temple: The conflicting legacies of a B.C. Sikh leader | Globalnews.ca" . Global News . Archived from the original on 19 September 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2023 .
- ↑ Isai, Vjosa (24 June 2023). "Killing of Sikh Leader Raises Fears in British Columbia" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on 30 June 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2023 .
- ↑ Austen, Ian; Isai, Vjosa (18 September 2023). "Justin Trudeau Accuses India in a Killing on Canadian Soil" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on 19 September 2023 . Retrieved 18 September 2023 .
- ↑ "India rejects allegations by Canada" . www.mea.gov.in . Archived from the original on 8 October 2023 . Retrieved 10 October 2023 .
- ↑ "US foils bid to kill Sikh terrorist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, warns India: Report" . Livemint . 22 November 2023 . Retrieved 4 April 2024 .
- ↑ "India's Probe Finds Rogue Officials Involved in US Murder Plot" . Bloomberg.com . 20 March 2024 . Retrieved 4 April 2024 .
- ↑ "An assassination plot on American soil reveals a darker side of Modi's India" . Washington Post . 29 April 2024.
- ↑ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah; Hassan, Aakash; Baloch, Shah Meer (4 April 2024). "Indian government ordered killings in Pakistan, intelligence officials claim" . The Guardian .
- ↑ Outlook reports on RAW corruption: Outlookindia.com Archived 4 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Singh VK. India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). New Delhi: Manas Publications. Pg 87
- ↑ Singh VK. India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). New Delhi: Manas Publications. Pg 12
- ↑ RAW man protests CBI raid on his home over story book . Retrieved 24 September 2007 [ dead link ]
- ↑ " 'Sexually harassed but no one listening': suicide bid at PMO by RAW director" . The Indian Express . 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ RAW officer attempts suicide near PMO (19 August 2008). "RAW officer attempts suicide near PMO" . NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ "RAW officer attempts suicide at PMO" . Newstrackindia.com. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ "Ms. Nisha Priya Bhatia vs Cabinet Secretariat (R ) on 31 December, 2009" . Indiankanoon.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- 1 2 3 "No 'grave' mental disorder, institute seeks review in trial of ex-RAW official" . The Indian Express . 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2011 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ "Arrested RAW director gets bail in trespass case" . The Indian Express . 10 December 2009. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ "Former RAW official tries to undress in court" . The Times of India . Archived from the original on 24 January 2011.
- ↑ "CAT snubs R&AW, reinstates officer" . The Indian Express . 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ "No 'grave' mental disorder, institute seeks review in trial of ex-RAW official" . The Indian Express . 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ "Ex-RAW official to stay in medical detention" . The Times of India . 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 10 February 2016.
- ↑ "Protesting slow pace of trial, woman strips in HC" . The Times of India . 21 January 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011.
- ↑ "Former RAW official strips in Delhi court -India News – IBN7" . Ibnlive.in.com. 21 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ Correspondent, Legal (15 December 2014). "Sanity slur off" . Calcutta Telegraph . Archived from the original on 16 December 2014 . Retrieved 16 December 2014 .
- ↑ "Front Page : RAW official arrested on graft charge" . The Hindu . Chennai, India. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ "India's spies the latest to go on strike: Rediff.com news" . Rediff.com . 7 September 2009. Archived from the original on 14 October 2009 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ "IPS promoted, RAW officials strike with a holiday – Yahoo! India News" . Yahoo! News . Retrieved 28 September 2009 . [ dead link ]
- ↑ "Spy Versus Spy | Saikat Datta" . Outlookindia.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ Unnithan, Sandip (29 August 2013). "Madras Cafe brings back uncomfortable memories of the CIA's honey trap" . India Today . Archived from the original on 12 September 2013 . Retrieved 11 September 2013 .
- ↑ Gupta, Shekhar (11 September 2013). "Such a long Lankan journey" . The Indian Express . Archived from the original on 14 September 2013 . Retrieved 11 September 2013 .
- ↑ Bahdwar, Inderjit (30 September 1987). "Spy Catching" (PDF) . India Today . Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2013 . Retrieved 11 September 2013 .
- ↑ "India's CIA spy scandal" . Janes.com. 11 September 2001. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ C K Kutty. Did the CIA help Rabinder Singh flee? Archived 6 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Rabinder in US, we want him back: RAW in court" . The Indian Express . 2 November 2006. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ Yadav, Yatish. "Former Spy Reveals Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing" . The New Indian Express . Archived from the original on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 6 April 2014 .
- ↑ "Bangladeshi worked for RAW for 6 years- Hindustan Times" . Newsrack.in. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008 . Retrieved 28 September 2009 .
- ↑ Bangladeshi worked for RAW for 6 years Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "New Delhi admits spy served in Indian Navy" . The Express Tribune . 26 March 2016. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016 . Retrieved 26 March 2016 .
- ↑ Mateen Haider, Shakeel Qarar (25 March 2016). "India accepts 'spy' as former navy officer, denies having links" . DAWN. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016 . Retrieved 26 March 2016 .
- ↑ "RAW agent reveals, more spies present to destabilize Pakistan" . geo.tv . Archived from the original on 29 March 2016 . Retrieved 27 March 2016 .
- ↑ "Dunya News reveals undeniable facts about arrested RAW agent – Pakistan – Dunya News" . dunyanews.tv . 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017 . Retrieved 25 March 2016 .
- ↑ "Alleged 'Indian spy' arrested in Pakistan has no connection with govt: MEA to Islamabad" . Zee News . 25 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016 . Retrieved 26 March 2016 .
- 1 2 3 "Iran President Dismisses Pakistan's RAW Spy Claim" . The New Indian Express . Archived from the original on 4 April 2016.
- ↑ 'Advani pressed for release of terrorist', Hindustan Times , Saturday, 18 April 2009, Page 1
- ↑ "Kashmir After Kandahar" . Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010 . Retrieved 4 March 2010 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
- ↑ "The Fierce One" . The Caravan . Archived from the original on 22 March 2016 . Retrieved 25 March 2016 .
- ↑ Approvals of the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet , Press Information Bureau, 26 June 2019, archived copy
- ↑ "A RAW hand" . Rediff.com . Archived from the original on 31 May 2012 . Retrieved 28 May 2012 .
- ↑ "Fair Observer - Advisors" . Archived from the original on 27 September 2011 . Retrieved 15 September 2011 . Fair Observer Advisor List
- ↑ "Book launch | The Unending Game: A Former R&AW Chief's Insights into Espionage | ORF" . ORF . Archived from the original on 9 May 2019 . Retrieved 16 August 2018 .
- ↑ "Ten Bollywood female spies..." Live Mint .
- ↑ Grewal, Robbie (5 April 2019), Romeo Akbar Walter (Action, Drama, Thriller), John Abraham, Jackie Shroff, Sikandar Kher, Kyta Productions, NNB Digital Media, VA Film Company , retrieved 26 March 2024
- ↑ "Mission Majnu teaser out! Sidharth Malhotra plays RAW agent, promises to protect India" . India Today . Retrieved 22 November 2023 .
- ↑ "Watch Adrishya Onilne | Episode 6 Ravindra Kaushik | EPIC ON" . www.epicon.in . Archived from the original on 3 October 2023 . Retrieved 2 October 2023 .
- ↑ Adrishya - Ajit Doval | Full Episode | Indian Spy Master | Operation Black Thunder | EPIC , archived from the original on 17 March 2023 , retrieved 2 October 2023
- ↑ "Sacred Games: Radhika Apte on playing a RAW agent, the freedom that comes with a Netflix series" . Firstpost . Archived from the original on 9 November 2018 . Retrieved 9 November 2018 .
- ↑ Mondal, Sayantan (1 April 2017). "Naam Madam X1: Before Shabana Khan, these female secret agents saved the country from peril" . Scroll.in . Archived from the original on 29 August 2021 . Retrieved 29 August 2021 .
- ↑ Prakash, Priya (18 April 2024). "New War, New Plan: 'Ranneeti - Balakot & Beyond' To Release On This Date" . SheThePeople . Retrieved 27 April 2024 .
- ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (26 February 2024). "JioCinema teases war room drama 'Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond' " . The Hindu . Retrieved 27 February 2024 .
- ↑ Hungama, Bollywood (26 February 2024). "5 Years of Balakot airstrike: JioCinema shares a preview of Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond starring Lara Dutta, Jimmy Shergill, Ashutosh Rana and more : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama" . Bollywood Hungama . Retrieved 27 February 2024 .
- ↑ "Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond Web Series | Review, Cast, Trailer, Watch Online at JioCinema" . Gadgets 360 . Retrieved 27 February 2024 .
- ↑ Maderya, Kumuthan. "The Myth of the Global Brown Messiah in Kollywood Cinema" . PopMatters . Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 7 August 2014 .
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- The KaoBoys of RAW: Down Memory Lane , B. Raman, Lancer Publishers (2007), ISBN 0-9796174-3-X
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- RAW: Research and Analysis Wing – Tariq Ismail Sagar, Sagar Publication. See also: E-buyer in soup for Pak writer's book on RAW . Retrieved 27 July 2007.
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Career in RAW: Check All Details Related to RAW
Career in RAW: Have you ever heard about Operation Meghdoot, Operation Chanakya, Operation Leech, Operation Smiling Buddha, etc.? If yes, you might be aware of the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). The Research and Analysis Wing is an external intelligence agency that works under the Indian Government. It is a secret department and an independent agency. Since its origin, RAW is trusted with contributing intelligence support to many special operations in foreign countries.
Every youngster wishes to serve their country, and what can be better than being part of India’s most powerful intelligence agency! Before selecting a career in RAW, keep in mind that working as an agent is not as simple as shown in movies. The job is all about the integrity and secrecy of information. To learn more about making a career in RAW – how to join the Indian secret agency/services can go through the article.
How to Join RAW? – History
Before 1968, India’s Intelligence Bureau (IB) was accountable for all India’s external and internal intelligence activities. However, during the 1962 Sino-Indian border war that resulted in India’s miserable defeat, a separate external intelligence agency requirement was obvious. So, in 1968, the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) was established. The first director was Rameshwar Nath Kao, who the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi appointed.
From the year 1968 to 1977, RAW provided various intelligence support; thus, it led to many successful missions. For example, the defeat of Pakistan during the Bangladesh conflict, the accession of Sikkim and the creation of Bangladesh.
Objective and Functions of RAW
The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is not exposed to the public. However, the foremost responsibility is to preserve the integrity of India and also to protect confidential information. Some other functions include:
- To look after the scientific, military, political and economic developments of neighbouring countries.
- They have to go on a secret mission to safeguard India’s National interests.
- Conduction of Anti – Terror operations
- Restricting the supply of military tools to countries like China and Pakistan from the USA.
Indian officials are dependent on the intelligence data gathered by RAW to influence international public opinion, revise foreign policy and shift national security policy. Some other responsibilities and roles of RAW are:
- Giving security services for India’s nuclear program.
- Utilising the National Technical Facilities Organization (NTFO).
- Gathering information regarding the limitations, capabilities, leadership and structure of insurgent groups that work in neighbouring countries.
RAW Eligibility Requirements
The authorities have not prescribed such eligibility criteria. However, some basic needs are:
- Candidates willing to work in R&AW must be a citizen of India.
- They must have at least completed their graduation from any recognised university by the government of India.
- They must know the basics of computers.
RAW Recruitment Procedure 2022
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) does not release any direct recruitment notice. Most of the time, they shortlist candidates either from any other recruitment procedure like UPSC or through any other department. RAW does not recruit candidates directly. They generally select candidates from other government departments in India, including Intelligence Agencies and Administrative Services. Police Services, Armed Forces, etc. Many of the agents have been selected from – IB (Intelligence Bureau). However, in the recent past, some candidates are being recruited directly from universities too.
RAW India: Roles & Responsibilities
In RAW other than Field officers, there is the requirement of accountants, stenographers, clerks, desk officers, analysts, admin officers, etc. Check below the job role:
The Job of Field officers – A field officer is shortlisted by police services, military services, intelligence agencies, etc. Few posts under this category are:
- Field Officer
- Assistant Field Officer
- Senior Field Officer
- Deputy Field Officer
Recruitment of Directors in RAW – The directors are recruited from – other first grade services and Indian Police Services (IPS). Those who are already working as a Grade 1 officer in government departments like – intelligence agencies, armed forces, etc.
Analyst Level – At this level, candidates are appointed for a desk job. However, an analyst plays a significant role. The posts beneath this section are:
- Junior Intelligence Officer
- Assistant Central Intelligence Officer
- Central Intelligence Officer
RAW consists of experts in different fields – from a handwriting expert to a computer hacker; RAW provides various opportunities for aspiring candidates.
How to Join RAW: Indian Secret Agency/Services – Hierarchy of RAW
Candidates can go through the below data to know the hierarchy of RAW:
A Career in RAW India – Training
In the necessary ten days of training, you are supposed to attend an introduction session in Delhi. You will be given an introduction to the basic terms of intelligence and how to deal with the real world. Apart from that, candidates will have to learn common techniques, information security, different languages and scientific knowledge. Moreover, you will also have to go through some case studies and solve some case studies of the intelligence agencies of Israeli MOSSAD, Australian ASIS, Russian KGB, Pakistani ISI, etc.
After completing the introductory training session, candidates have to go to the Indian military academy, Dehradun. The duration of the training period is one to two years. Here, you will be trained about real-life circumstances. They will also have to learn the following:
- Avoiding arrest
- What to do during an interrogation
- Exfiltration and infiltration
- How to use surveillance devices
RAW Appointment and Joining
After the training session, the authorities will appoint candidates as a RAW agents. As soon as they join RAW, they will be given the first mission.
A career in R&AW – How to join Indian secret agency/services – Former Directors of RAW
- C. D. Sahay (2003 to 2005) – He was the 15th Chief of RAW. He contributed most of his career working in various roles in RAW. He is the first-ever RAW chief to have undergone intelligence training in Israel.
- P. K. Hormis Tharakan (2005 to 2007) – He was the director of the Kerala Police before becoming the chief of RAW. P.K Tharakan was an IPS officer of the Kerala cadre, from batch 1968.
- K. C. Verma (2009 to 2010) – After working for 30 years in the Intelligence Bureau, the authorities appointed him as the head of the Narcotics Control Bureau. He succeeded Ashok Chaturvedi as the Chief of RAW. He faced many challenges during his job duration, including the implementation to prevent corruption in the system.
- Sanjeev K Tripathi (2010 to 2012) – He was the 19th Secretary (Research), RAW head. He started as an Indian Police Services UP cadre in 1972. In 2009, he also took command of RAW’s Aviation Research Centre, (ARC).
A career in RAW – How to join Indian secret agency/services – Notable Members of RAW
- Ajit Doval
- Amar Bhushan
- Ravinder Kaushik
- General VK Singh
- Rabinder Singh
FAQs on Career in Raw
The following are the most frequently asked questions on career in raw:
Ans : R&AW does not release any job notification. However, to become an R&AW agent, candidates may require to pass UPSC CSE or IB exams, or the agency can directly shortlist you from any other government agency.
Ans : RAW, which is Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), is the primary foreign intelligence agency of India.
Ans : The foremost function of RAW is collecting information about counter-proliferation, foreign intelligence and counter-terrorism. It also advises the Indian policymakers and advances India’s foreign strategic interests.
Ans : The headquarters of RAW is in New Delhi.
Ans : Yes. Anyone who meets the prescribed requirement can work at R&AW.
I hope the above article helps you. If you have any queries drop them in the comment section below and we will revert with answers. Embibe wishes you good luck and all the best.
Stay tuned to Embibe for the latest news and updates on Career in RAW India .
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How to join raw in india: check recruitment process, eligibility, postings, job profile, training and other details.
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The foreign intelligence service of India is known as the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). To identify new officers and agents, RAW employs various recruitment methods. One way to join RAW in India is by bypassing the UPSC Civil Services Exam, which leads to opportunities for Group-A IAS, IPS, IRS, and IFS Officers to join the organization.
The role of a RAW agent includes closely monitoring military and political developments in neighboring countries of India. Its primary responsibilities involve gathering foreign intelligence, countering terrorism and nuclear proliferation, offering advice to policymakers in India, and advancing the nation's strategic interests on the global stage. RAW also plays a crucial role in safeguarding India's nuclear program.
Source: Safalta
How Raw Officers are Recruited?
- Firstly, the candidates are selected with the help of RAS and direct recruitment is done at Class 1 Executive Level from Civil services Officers who are undergoing the Foundation course at the Lala Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration.
- At the end of the course, there is a campus interview conducted by RAW.
- Based on their Interview and Psychological test the candidates are selected for 1 year.
- During this 1 year, they have an option to rejoin their parent service.
- But after one year they are permanently selected for the RAW (Research and Analysis Service).
- Another way of recruiting is lateral deputation from the Officers Corps of the Indian Armed Forces.
- The Civil and Defense Service Officers resign permanently to join RAS.
| -Book | -Book | -Book |
RAW Eligibility Criteria:
| Educational Qualification | A Candidate must Graduate from a recognized organization or Institute is required to get a job opportunity in RAW. Sometimes it is required to have a command in 1 foreign language. Moreover, the candidate should have good communication skills and sharp memory power. |
| Nationality | The candidate must be an Indian and he/she must not have any criminal record or any pending court cases. |
| Age Limit | There is no specific age limit for the desirable candidates but he/she should be below the age of 56 years. |
| Professional Experience | Candidates with an experience of more than 20 years in service are preferred. |
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Ranks in RAW:
| Secretary/Additional Secretary (R) | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Joint Secretary | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Director/Deputy Secretary/Attache | Class I / Group A Officers |
| Senior Field Officer | Group A Officers |
| Field Officer | Group A Officers |
| Deputy Field Officer | Group A Officers |
| Assistant Field Officer | Group B Officers |
- IB ACIO Recruitment 2022: Apply online for 150 posts for Assistant Central Intelligence Officer @www.mha.nic.in
- IB ACIO Salary 2022: Check in-hand salary, allowances, pay scale, and benefits
- Highest Paying Government Jobs in India
- Government Jobs for Graduates 2022: List of Top Government Job Opportunities
Role and Responsibilities of RAW:
| 1. | To gather Foreign Intelligence |
| 2. | To advise policymakers in the country |
| 3. | To conduct counter-terrorism operations |
| 4. | Counterproliferation |
| 5. | To secure the country’s nuclear program |
How RAW Works?
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Can IB officer join RAW?
Can i join raw through upsc, what is qualification for raw agent.
| Educational Qualification | A Candidate must Graduate from a recognized organization or Institute is required to get a job opportunity in RAW. Sometimes it is required to have a command in 1 foreign language. Moreover, the candidate should have good communication skills and sharp memory power. |
| Nationality | The candidate must be an Indian and he/she must not have any criminal record or any pending court cases. |
| Age L imit | There is no specific age limit for the desirable candidates but he/she should be below the age of 56 years. |
| Professional Experience | Candidates with an experience of more than 20 years in the service is preferred. |
How do you become a RAW intelligence officer?
- Firstly, the candidates are selected with the help of RAS, and direct recruitment is done at Classthe 1 Executive Level from Civil services Officers who are undergoing the Foundation course at the Lala Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration.
- Based on their Interview and Psychological test the candidates are selected for a 1-y1 yearing this 1 year, they have an option to rejoin their parent service.
What is the salary of RAW agent?
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5. Initially, RAW used to hire people only from IB (Intelligence Bureau), Indian police services, and Indian military or revenue departments. However, being recruited in the Research and Analysis Wing now is comparatively a lot simpler than before. They have even started picking up students from universities.
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is India's primary external intelligence agency. It was formed in September 1968, after it became apparent that the newly independent Republic of India lacked a credible external intelligence gathering agency after after the Indo-China War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. [4] [5] It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.[6] [5]During the nine-year tenure of its first ...
From Kabul to Kathmandu, from London to Paris and Innsbruck, to Islamabad and Colombo, the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) ran exciting operations using money, analysis, psy-ops, wet work and ...
The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) stands as one of India's key intelligence agencies. It initially focused primarily on China and Pakistan, but over the past forty years, it has expanded its mandate, significantly bolstering India's global influence. RAW's primary responsibility is to provide the government with strategic and ...
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is India's external intelligence agency. 1 History. R&AW was founded in 1968, taking responsibility for foreign intelligence from the Intelligence Bureau, which was seen as having performed poorly in wars with China in 1962 and Pakistan in 1965. 2. According to the Guardian, R&AW began a transnational assassination campaign against those deemed hostile to ...
Introduction. India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), has long faced allegations of meddling in its neighbors' affairs. Founded in 1968, primarily to ...
About: India's Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the country's premier intelligence agency. Established to satisfy the need for increased intelligence that was identified during the 1962 Sino-Indian Border War and during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, RAW was created in 1968 to handle India's external intelligence affairs. Objectives: RAW is responsible for collecting military ...
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency, has been in operation for over five decades, yet the organization has no constitutional status in India. There is no official history of R&AW, and the little that is known about this organization can be gleaned from a handful of memoirs authored by former serving ...
RAW being India's main foreign intelligence agency plays a key role in our country's exploits. In my opinion it is one of the most underrated intelligence agencies and that i say by only considering the declassified stuff. RAW unlike Mossad or CIA doesn't need to declassify its operations so there are many things we don't even know about.
Chapter Five: The Research and Analysis Wing Rudra Chaudhuri co-authored a chapter with Shreyas Shende in a book titled "Institutional Roots of India's Security Policy" by Milan Vaishnav. The book aims to offer diverse perspectives on the administrative and operational aspects of India's foreign policy and security.
The Research and Analysis Wing is a secret organisation and its operations are not openly known to the public. Even the appointment for the organization is conducted in a very secretive manner, be it the tests, interviews, or training. Only the PM and Joint Intelligence Committee are aware of the actions and operations that RAW handles.
Pakistan claimed that Jadhav was on a mission for the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), a claim that India has officially denied. The incident has raised a more significant question about whether agencies are paying adequate attention to recruitment and training of human resources.
Research and Analysis Wing or RAW is the secret Intelligence service of India. It is a wing of those heroes who work stupendously to safeguard our national security without getting much acknowledgment. You may call it a mystery division that reports directly to the Prime Minister Office. It plays a vital role in tracking the activities of the ...
His low-key, bureaucratic manner fits perfectly with the anodyne name of his employer: the Research and Analysis Wing. Yet Mr Rai and his organisation were thrust into the spotlight this week, after explosive allegations from Justin Trudeau that India assassinated Sikh separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar on Canadian soil.
The Research and Analysis Wing, commonly referred to by its acronym RAW, stands as the forefront of ensuring national security, engaging in critical operations that safeguard India from external threats. Since its inception in 1968, RAW has evolved to become a pivotal player in India's strategic interests, handling tasks that range from ...
The Special Group was created in 1981 as a classified unit under Research and Analysis Wing tasked for undertaking covert operations. [5] [7] The Directorate General of Security, [5] which was a confidential organisation created with assistance from the CIA after the Sino-Indian War of 1962, was put under the control of R&AW in 1968.In 1982, Project Sunray was initiated by the Directorate ...
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is also involved in the se
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) does not release any direct recruitment notice. Most of the time, they shortlist candidates either from any other recruitment procedure like UPSC or through any other department. RAW does not recruit candidates directly. They generally select candidates from other government departments in India, including ...
The foreign intelligence service of India is known as the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). To identify new officers and agents, RAW employs various recruitment methods. One way to join RAW in India is by bypassing the UPSC Civil Services Exam, which leads to opportunities for Group-A IAS, IPS, IRS, and IFS Officers to join the organization. ...
Research and Analysis Wing - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is an external intelligence agency of the Republic of India. It was formed in September 1968 under the helmsman-ship of its first Director, R. N. Kao. Its primary function is collection of external intelligence, counter-terrorism and ...
Research And Analysis Wing - RAW, Mumbai, Maharashtra. 4,218 likes · 70 talking about this. Research And Analysis Wing - RAW RAW Headquarters =Colaba, Mumbai Fort, Gateway Of India, Near Hote
It is common for Washington think tanks of all political stripes to propose policy wish lists for potential governments-in-waiting. The conservative Heritage Foundation first produced policy plans ...