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• Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
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• Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 35.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
• Journal Rank:  CiteScore - Q2 ( Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality )
• Recognition of Reviewers:  APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.

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Manuscript preparation guidelines for journal authors – Engineering

Our engineering journal titles report the latest research and current practice for the benefit of the international civil engineering profession and related disciplines. We also cover historical research and lessons learned from past events. Each paper is independently assessed and peer-reviewed.

All of our engineering titles broadly follow the guidelines below. More specific instruction may be found on the journal homepage of the title that you are submitting to.

Types of content

• Paper  (including research, case study or project papers) A Research article is an original presentation of findings from an investigation. A case study looks at the effects of the implementation of, for example, a system and analyses it, in context of the situation.
• State-of-the-art review A state-of-the-art review is an up-to-date summary of knowledge on a particular subject or issue and represents an overview of recent developments.
• Briefing articles Short, topical updates, which are not sufficiently comprehensive or novel to be submitted as a research article. Typically, briefings are used to provide authoritative updates of relevant technical, regulatory and professional developments. They can introduce new ideas, explain new legislation, reflect on industry trends, provide the background to a new product or service, discuss anniversaries and events, or simply report a short case history.
• Book review A book review provides a short description of an academic title and evaluates its quality and contribution to the field in question.
• Discussion This article format allows reader to comment on previously published papers. Authors of the paper being discussed are given the right to reply. All correspondence is peer-reviewed by a member of the Editorial Board or Panel.
• Letters ( Géotechnique Letters only, 2,000 words max) Géotechnique Letters seeks the presentation of novel or emerging ideas and designs, current case studies or the results arising from recently completed research or work in progress that may be of immediate interest to the wider geotechnical community. The shorter format encourages the rapid publication of articles.

Length (excluding abstract and reference list)

• Research articles have a maximum length of 5,000 words (excluding article title, abstract and reference list).
• Briefing articles have a word count limit of 1,800.
• Across all journals there is a word count limit of 500 for discussions and book reviews.
• Géotechnique  research articles have a page limit corresponding to 12 published journal pages, combining all aspects of the paper ( See here for more details ).

If your article exceeds these restrictions, you can upload the additional information as supplementary data. Please note, that this is only published online and not in the print version of the journal. You can find out more information by reading our supplementary information policy .

Format and elements of submitted texts

Please prepare your main text document in Microsoft Word, text should be double line spaced, line numbered and pages should be numbered. We have a template available should you need it.

We also accept Latex files; you may use one of the following three templates i) Géotechnique ii Géotechnique Letters iii) Proceedings of ICE journal . Latex file manuscripts must be submitted using  our template along with a PDF copy of the manuscript.

Please note that the style that you submit your paper in (e.g. any additional italics or bold fonts, bullet points, etc.) may be changed on publication to accommodate our house style.

• The text should be written in UK English, in the third person and all spelling follow the latest edition of The Concise Oxford English Dictionary, with a preference for ‘s’ rather than ‘z’ spellings, e.g. specialise.
• The manuscript should be able to be readily understood by a civil engineer and avoid any colloquialisms.
• The terms, including nomenclature and abbreviations, and style should be consistent throughout the text. Please bear this in mind when collaborating with other authors on the text.
• Referring directly to the names of individuals, organisations, products or services is forbidden unless essential to the comprehension of the manuscript. Gratuitous flattery or derogatory remarks about any person/organisation should not be included.
• Principal participants in a project should be listed separately in a table or acknowledgement at the end of the text. If a person/client is involved, you should seek their permission to detail the project.
• We do not accept footnotes.
• Symbols and Units: SI and derived units should be used, including for historical structures.
• Abbreviations: the use of internationally recognised abbreviations is allowed in the text provided they are defined on first use. Abbreviations should not be used in the title unless a commonly used, non-specialist term. Any abbreviations which can be pronounced as a word (i.e. acronyms) should generally have an upper-case initial only (e.g. Defra). Symbols for chemical elements and compounds should not be used as abbreviations unless in the context of a chemical equation. In particular, ‘carbon dioxide’ should not be abbreviated to ‘CO2’ or ‘carbon’.
• Use bullet points rather than numbered lists.
• Text should be 1.5 spacing or double spaced.

The following is a detailed manuscript preparation guide for research articles to ICE Publishing’s engineering titles; however, they can, in the most part, be used as a basis for other article types amending to concur with the word limit and premise of the formats, as appropriate.

On the first page of your main text document please provide:

• The date that the text was written or revised
• Title of paper (please see below for guidance on titles)
• Full names and post-nominal letters of author(s)
• Positions, affiliations and ORCID number of author(s)
• Contact address and email addresses of all authors 
• Number of words in the main text (excluding abstract and references) and the number of figures and tables.
• Please DO NOT include your personal telephone number on the title page.

Titles are limited to 90 characters, including spaces. Please avoid the use of any abbreviations, acronyms or formulae. Titles should clearly reflect the content of the manuscript and any search terms that readers may use should be considered and incorporated.

Please provide a 150–200 word summary of the submission (briefings, research articles and letters only). This should be a concise reflection of the aims, findings, conclusions and any interesting or important results. Take care to incorporate any terms that may be used by potential interested readers to improve the article’s discoverability online (search engine optimisation). This should contain no references; abbreviations that are not commonly used should be defined (for the benefit of the non-specialist reader) at first use.

List of notations

Please provide a list of symbols and definitions used in the text that would be helpful for the reader.

These are used for indexing your article on ICE Virtual Library (this website). Please select a minimum of three keywords from this MS Excel file (if it displays as symbols on a webpage, try opening them in a browser other than Internet Explorer). When you submit your article, you may also type in keywords not on this list.

Introduction

A concise, accurate, but not exhaustive, summary of current knowledge, with reference to relevant previous and recent works in the field should be presented. This should be accompanied with the aims of and justification for the work contained in the submitted manuscript.

The methods and processes applied to investigate and achieve the aims should be communicated in sufficient detail that readers could repeat the work successfully. The results should be reported clearly and logically, must be interpreted accurately and discussed fairly. Figures/tables can be used to support these findings, but data must not be reproduced in more than one form.

It is a requirement that all research articles include a section at the end of the main text that highlights the contribution of the findings to the field and any potential applications.

All research articles, case studies and project papers should discuss how the work relates to mitigation of or adaptation to climate change. Where relevant, a section on health and safety should be included.

In general, we recommend one figure per 500 words of text. Examples of figures and guidance on filetypes can be seen on our Figure Guidance page . For specific advice and step by step guidance on accepted file formats and our figure requirements please open, download and save our figure guidelines PDF.

All figures are published in colour online. The following four journals also have a black and white printed version: Bridge Engineering, Géotechnique, Ground Improvement  and  Magazine of Concrete Research . This should be considered when trying to convey information through colour, use greyscale where necessary. If you wish, you can pay a charge of 750 GBP for colour printing. To do so, send this form to the journal office.

If reproducing or adapting figures from other published work, this must be referenced in the caption and appropriate permissions sought. Please see our copyright page for more information.

Conclusions

A concise summary of the findings or, in the instance of case studies or project papers, the lessons learned. No new information should be introduced here. If necessary, you should explain here the applicability / relevance of your article to readers in other countries.

Research papers must explain the practical relevance and potential applications of the work described. This is important to readers working in civil engineering and related practice.

Similarly, case studies and project papers must highlight the relevance of the work described and summarise the lessons learned. As with research papers, they must also include relevant references to demonstrate how previous research and practice has been used. These references could be standards, codes or relevant past ICE Publishing journal papers.

Additional information, such as tables or mathematical calculations/derivations can be included and should be clearly referred to, from the main text, as belonging to the appendix. These will be included in the print and online versions of the article.

Acknowledgements

Please provide details from those (individuals and institutions) other than co-authors that contributed to the paper. Additional details required by funding bodies can be placed here too, as well as information about the source of the work (i.e., based on a presentation etc.)

Please add a list of literature cited in the manuscript at the end of the text. Harvard style (author, date) referencing is used in engineering papers. Further details about Harvard referencing .

Unpublished material should not be included in the Reference list.

• If an article has been submitted but not yet accepted, it should only be cited within the text and not the reference list. For example, at the first citation ‘(see ‘Title of publication’ by Author, submitted to Journal’). Subsequent citations can be presented as ‘Author (submitted)’ or ‘(Author, submitted)’.
• If an article has been submitted and accepted but is not yet published, it should be included in the reference list with 'in press' at the end. A DOI number should be included where possible.

Mathematical equations

Only relevant equations should be included in the main text and should be numbered – anything else can be added as an appendix or as supplementary information. Simple, single line equations can be written using word; an equation editor program is required for more complex formulae.

Figures and tables caption list: Please supply a figure caption list at the end of your main text document. Figures and tables must be mentioned in the text in consecutive order, but as different sets (i.e., Figure 1, Table 1 etc.) All figures must have a brief title accompanied with a short description that can be able to be understood without reference to the main text.

Author photos

Authors are encouraged to provide a passport style photograph of themselves. These will be published only if a file for every named author is provided.

Corresponding authors

We only permit one corresponding author per submission. Co-authors can be added, and their email addresses and institutions must be provided.

Supplementary information

Additional information, data and other material that may enhance the manuscript but is not necessary to the conclusions can be uploaded as supplementary material. Any reference to supplementary information in the main text should be referred to as, e.g., Figure S1. Further details, please read our supplementary information policy .

Once you have completed your manuscript preparation, please go through this submission checklist . When you are ready, please upload your MS Word document text, and separate high-resolution image files, to the journal submission website. All of our titles use ReView, a manuscript management system - all articles must be uploaded through this.

We have more instructions on how to submit your article . This will save you emailing large files through to us. Please do not submit all of your files as one PDF. You will receive a confirmation email once you have successfully submitted your paper online.

Copyright information

Information on copyright, including text extracts and the reuse of permission published elsewhere, can be found via our Copyright and Permissions page .

If you have any queries, please contact the editorial office.

Editor-in-Chief

• Claudia Currie AtkinsRéalis
• Meshi Taka Waterman Aspen - United Kingdom

Associate Editors

• Abiodun Akinyemi Skanska UK Plc, Nuneaton - United Kingdom
• Afshin Asadi EnvoGéotechnique Ltd - New Zealand
• Alex Backhouse AtkinsRéalis, London - United Kingdom
• Alper Beser independent consultant, Dublin - Republic of Ireland
• Paul Corbett Jacobs, Auckland - New Zealand
• Erdal Ergul PLC Contracting LLC, Dubai - U.A.E.
• Gul Hameed Khalil Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority - Pakistan
• Alex Heward Laing O'Rourke, Dartford - United Kingdom
• Bushra Hussain Aurecon, Dubai - U.A.E.
• Katherine Ibbotson WSP UK Ltd, Manchester - United Kingdom
• Debabrata Mukherjee AtkinsRéalis, Bengaluru - India
• Milda Pladaite Leyton, Brussels - Belgium
• Muhammad Rahman Northumbria University - United Kingdom
• Dian Saunders Agate Regional Consultancy Services, Nassau - Bahamas
• Sakthy Selvakumaran University of Cambridge - United Kingdom
• Alpa Sheth VMS consultants Pvt, Ltd, Mumbai - India
• Giulia Sospotti WSP, London - United Kingdom
• Andrew Stotesbury independent consultant, London - United Kingdom
• Bin Wang Sichuan University - P.R China
• Ben Ramster Emerald Publishing - UK [email protected]

Journal Editorial Office (For queries related to pre-acceptance)

• Meghna Arya Emerald Publishing - India [email protected]

Supplier Project Manager (For queries related to post-acceptance)

• Manmeet Nirmal Emerald Publishing [email protected]

Citation metrics

CiteScore 2023

Further information

CiteScore is a simple way of measuring the citation impact of sources, such as journals.

Calculating the CiteScore is based on the number of citations to documents (articles, reviews, conference papers, book chapters, and data papers) by a journal over four years, divided by the number of the same document types indexed in Scopus and published in those same four years.

For more information and methodology visit the Scopus definition

CiteScore Tracker 2024

(updated monthly)

CiteScore Tracker is calculated in the same way as CiteScore, but for the current year rather than previous, complete years.

The CiteScore Tracker calculation is updated every month, as a current indication of a title's performance.

2023 Impact Factor

The Journal Impact Factor is published each year by Clarivate Analytics. It is a measure of the number of times an average paper in a particular journal is cited during the preceding two years.

For more information and methodology see Clarivate Analytics

5-year Impact Factor (2023)

A base of five years may be more appropriate for journals in certain fields because the body of citations may not be large enough to make reasonable comparisons, or it may take longer than two years to publish and distribute leading to a longer period before others cite the work.

Actual value is intentionally only displayed for the most recent year. Earlier values are available in the Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics .

Publication timeline

Time to first decision

Time to first decision , expressed in days, the "first decision" occurs when the journal’s editorial team reviews the peer reviewers’ comments and recommendations. Based on this feedback, they decide whether to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript.

Data is taken from submissions between 1st January 2023 and 31st December 2023

Acceptance to publication

Acceptance to publication , expressed in days, is the average time between when the journal’s editorial team decide whether to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript and the date of publication in the journal.

Acceptance rate

The acceptance rate is a measurement of how many manuscripts a journal accepts for publication compared to the total number of manuscripts submitted expressed as a percentage %

Data is taken from submissions between 1st January 2023 and 31st December 2023 .

This journal is abstracted and indexed by

• Web of Science

Reviewer information

Peer review process.

This journal engages in a single anonymous peer review process, which strives to match the expertise of a reviewer with the submitted manuscript. Reviews are completed with evidence of thoughtful engagement with the manuscript, provide constructive feedback, and add value to the overall knowledge and information presented in the manuscript.

The mission of the peer review process is to achieve excellence and rigour in scholarly publications and research.

Our vision is to give voice to professionals in the subject area who contribute unique and diverse scholarly perspectives to the field.

The journal values diverse perspectives from the field and reviewers who provide critical, constructive, and respectful feedback to authors. Reviewers come from a variety of organizations, careers, and backgrounds from around the world.

All invitations to review, abstracts, manuscripts, and reviews should be kept confidential. Reviewers must not share their review or information about the review process with anyone without the agreement of the editors and authors involved, even after publication. This also applies to other reviewers’ “comments to author” which are shared with you on decision.

Resources to guide you through the review process

Discover practical tips and guidance on all aspects of peer review in our reviewers' section. See how being a reviewer could benefit your career, and discover what's involved in shaping a review.

More reviewer information

Calls for papers

How can civil engineering help us to meet the un sustainable development goals, nature positive civil engineering, infrastructure maintenance projects.

Civil Engineering, the ICE Member international journal, is inviting proposals for papers on both small and large innovative maintenance projects; lessons learned, real performance versus predicted and “what we would do if we had our time...

Become a Civil Engineering Panel member

Become a Civil Engineering panel member We are looking for enthusiastic civil engineers and related professionals to join the editorial panel of ...

The Institution of Civil Engineers Member journal, covering all aspects of civil engineering today.

Aims and scope

Civil Engineering , listed by the Web of Science, is the ICE's flagship journal. Practical and diverse in its scope, it publishes accessible papers for the non-specialist on any subject relevant to civil engineering today. Topics range from landmark projects to philosophical, ethical, environmental, management and safety issues.

Peer review, copyediting, and colour publication by Civil Engineering are free. If accepted, published papers are easily found by Google search, as well as in specialist citation indexes. There is also the option of making your article open access, should you wish to.

Published authors receive a free electronic copy of their article to share with their peers. Furthermore, as well exposure to ICE's 96,000-strong membership, published papers are promoted via our social media channels, accessing the wider civil engineering community.

It is free to submit a paper to this journal. Papers appear Ahead of Print (below) as soon as they are ready to be published. Ahead of print articles are fully citable. using the DOI system

Each year Civil Engineering publishes two special issues (CESI), find out more about their history .

Awards: Every year, the papers rated best by the Editorial Panel are awarded the Coopers Hill War Memorial Prize .  

Key content

Each year Civil Engineering publishes two special issues (CESI), find out more about their history and watch supporting videos.

Civil Engineering Special Issues: video resource

Meet the authors behind the papers in this exclusive video series for ice members subscribing to civil engineering special issues. .

For over 25 years, Civil Engineering Special Issues (CESI) have been providing ICE Members with case studies detailing the most innovative projects worldwide. From the Channel Tunnel , to Hong Kong international airport and London 2012 , each curated special issue contains articles written by the project engineers themselves and reviewed by a panel of experts. Published in May and November annually, each eight-article edition is available exclusively to ICE members in both print and online format. 

Watch the videos

Now, as part of their CESI subscription, ICE members benefit from online access to exclusive project-related video content created by the authors and editors. Hosted on the same page of the ICE Virtual Library as the project paper itself, every issue of CESI will contain several project-related videos.

Please find below a list of the full-length videos published in the  Civil Engineering Special Issue, for you to easily click and watch our authors talking about their projects. This resource is available exclusively to subscribing ICE Members only.

• Examples of integrating hydraulic equipment into temporary works by Mercedes Ascaso Til and Wilson Wong. Watch the YouTube preview .
• Planning and delivering a major expansion of the Tema container port in Ghana by Finlo Paish and Anthony Moroney. Watch the YouTube preview .
• Design and construction of the Karuma hydropower project in Uganda by Adolph Karubanga and Rodgers Mugume. Watch the YouTube preview .
• Private finance essential to provide stimulus to post-Covid-19 rebuilding by Katherine Jackson and Kerry Thompson. Watch the YouTube preview
• Using community data to improve rural water infrastructure in India by Hamish Hay, Philip Songa, and Vera Ngosi. Watch the authors' video now .
• Doubling the capacity of Kempegowda International Airport in Bengaluru, India by Rohit Kumar Chikatamarla and Sundar Chandramouli. Watch the YouTube preview
• Restoration and development of listed heritage buildings in Kolkata, India by Mainak Ghosal and Indranil Ghosh. Watch the YouTube preview.
• Managing climate change related risks by Julian Vercruysse, Kim Yates, Davide Stronati. Watch the YouTube preview .
• Learning from the River Nile about engineering sustainable futures by Mike Muller. Watch the YouTube preview .
• Great Western railway electrification, UK: collectively delivering a sustainability strategy by Emmanuel Deschamps and Mike Franklin. Watch special lockdown video in full or the YouTube preview .
• Underground construction: working in high pressure compressed air by Donald Lamont and Roy Slocombe. Watch the full interview with authors or the YouTube preview .
• Rock cavern development in Hong Kong: past, present and future by Tony Ho, Leslie Tsang, and Chi Cheung Chan. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Improving safety through design at London Underground’s Bank station capacity upgrade by Cate Anthony, Sebastian Kumpfmüller, Andreas Feiersinger, and Juan Ares. Watch the full author interview or the YouTube preview .
• Automated construction: boosting on-site productivity using a platform-based approach by Kevin Masters and Jaimie Johnston. Watch the full author video or the YouTube preview .
• Introduction to the Special issue on major and innovative projects in China by Dr Yancheng Cai. Watch three exclusive videos .
• Engineering future liveable, resilient, sustainable cities using foresight , by Professor Chris Rogers. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview . 
• Developing and procuring London’s highway infrastructure to enable an electric future by Louise Clancy, Spencer Palmer, Jamie Blake. Watch the full video  or the YouTube preview .
• Urban and landscape design in the Arabian Gulf region: a new paradigm for sustainability , by Robert Cooke. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Using stored snow as cooling at Oslo Airport, Norway , by Jesper Mæx Moe. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Digital engineering enables multinational input on Bergen’s light rail extension, Norway , by Jim Sherry. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Crossrail project to deliver London’s Elizabeth line: from options to parliamentary bill , by Simon Bennett. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Crossrail project: the execution strategy for delivering London’s Elizabeth line , by William Tucker. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Crossrail project: a deep-mined station on the Elizabeth line, London , by Adrian St. John, John Barker, Stephen Frost, David Harris. Watch the full video or the YouTube preview .
• Introduction to Hong Kong Special Issue by Stuart Ross: Watch the full video .

Not a member yet? 

As well as using the preview links above, we have some videos below. If you are a member of the ICE, find out more about subscribing on MyICE. Are you an author?

Video is an innovative way for civil engineers to communicate project information and news. This can support peer-reviewed technical papers by showing readers site details, testing, and by letting the reader hear the authors themselves explain their work. If this is something you would like to do for your paper, please see our video guide or contact us for more information. 

This journal is aligned with our sustainable structures and infrastructures goal

We recognise the transformative power of sustainable engineering, design and building practices in creating a world where our planet and its inhabitants can thrive.

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Introduction Green supply in construction industries mainly discusses the utilization of resources in the construction industry in such a way that an eco-friendly environment can be brought in and wastes can be minimized that are detrimental to health and surroundings. Various processes can be implemented that will be beneficial in the UK and Dubai. But certain factors cause hindrance in implementation. Curtailing those complications and moving ahead with that in the construction sector is a significant challenge in the 21st century. The results associated with a construction project are the addition of all the efforts set out at the different steps of supply chains from the beginning until the demolition period by different stakeholders. Management of green supply chain concept in the construction industry is seen as an advanced tool in the UK and Dubai towards channeling the divided efforts at making a greener sector.

By G. Ajaya Kumar O. Ganesh Kumar K. Damodar C. Jayasree Simpa Karmakar Sai Ganapathi Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract— Since the ancient times, many researches and advancements were carried to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete is one among those advancements which offers a convenient, practical and economical method for overcoming micro cracks and similar type of deficiencies. Since concrete is weak in tension hence some measures must be adopted to overcome this deficiency. Human hair is generally strong in tension; hence it can be used as a fiber reinforcement material. Human hair Fiber is an alternative non-degradable matter available in abundance and at cheap cost. It also reduces environmental problems. Also addition of human hair fibers enhances the binding properties, micro cracking control, Imparts ductility and also increases swelling resistance. The experimental findings in our studies would encourage future research in the direction for long term performance to extending this cost of effective type of fibers for use in structural applications. Experiments were conducted on concrete cubes, cylinders and beams of standard sizes with addition of various percentages of human hair fiber i.e., 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by weight of cement, fine & coarse aggregate and results were compared with those of plain cement concrete of M-20 grade. For each percentage of human hair added in concrete, four cubes, three cylinders and three beams were tested for their respective mechanical properties at curing periods of 3 , 7 and 28 days. Optimum hair fiber content was obtained as 1.5% by weight of cement.

Keywords: Human Hair, Concrete, Fibre Reinforcement

By Er. Gaurav

Abstract: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been widely used in civil engineering used as a substitute for steel reinforcement because it has many advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, electromagnetic neutrality, light weight, ease of handling and no corrosion. Moreover, the productive technology becomes more and more mature and industrialized so that FRP has become one economic and competitive structure material. Based on the recent researches, this paper mainly introduces progress in the studies on concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars. These contents in this paper includes the bond performance of FRP bars in concrete, Compression Behavior, flexural behavior, and ductility of concrete structure reinforced with FRP bars in the past few years in the world.

Key words: FRP Bars, Concrete Structure, Bond Performance, Pullout Behavior, Compression Behavior, Flexural Behavior, and Ductility.

By Shubham Sunil Malu

ABSTRACT Self-healing materials are a class of smart materials that have the structurally incorporated ability to repair damage caused by mechanical usage over time. The inspiration comes from biological systems, which have the ability to heal after being wounded. Initiation of cracks and other types of damage on a microscopic level has been shown to change thermal, electrical, and acoustical properties, and eventually lead to whole scale failure of the material. Usually, cracks are mended by hand, which is unsatisfactory because cracks are often hard to detect. A material (polymers, ceramics, etc.) that can intrinsically correct damage caused by normal usage could lower production costs of a number of different industrial processes through longer part lifetime, reduction of inefficiency over time caused by degradation, as well as prevent costs incurred by material failure. For a material to be defined strictly as self-healing, it is necessary that the healing process occurs without human intervention. Some examples shown below, however, include healing polymers that require intervention to initiate the healing process.

A good way to enable multiple healing events is to use living (or unterminated chain-ends) polymerization catalysts. If the walls of the capsule are created too thick, they may not fracture when the crack approaches, but if they are too thin, they may rupture prematurely.

In order for this process to happen at room temperature, and for the reactants to remain in a monomeric state within the capsule, a catalyst is also imbedded into the thermoset. The catalyst lowers the energy barrier of the reaction and allows the monomer to polymerize without the addition of heat. The capsules (often made of wax) around the monomer and the catalyst are important maintain separation until the crack facilitates the reaction.

There are many challenges in designing this type of material. First, the reactivity of the catalyst must be maintained even after it is enclosed in wax. Additionally, the monomer must flow at a sufficient rate (have low enough viscosity) to cover the entire crack before it is polymerized, or full healing capacity will not be reached. Finally, the catalyst must quickly dissolve into monomer in order to react efficiently and prevent the crack from spreading further.

By Vijayvenkatesh Chandrasekaran Student, Department of Civil Engineering, St. Josephs College of Engineering & Technology, India

Abstract: Large quantities of construction and demolition wastes are continuing being generated which are just being dumped in the landfills. This requires large areas of land which is becoming difficult to find. The best solution would be to recycle and reuse the demolished waste which would not only help in protecting the environment but also help in dealing with construction wastes. Consequently, it have a grave difficulty to produce ecological toxic waste and in addition, obligatory a huge sum of liberty. That says about the project reuse waste crushed concrete maters (WCC) from the lath wastage of crushed concrete replacing from coarse aggregate 20%, 30%, 40% (WCC), 3% of crushed coarse aggregate (lathe waste) to reduce the generation of demolition wastes. (The analysis of demolished crushed concrete aggregate (DCCA) concrete in regular mold cast is to be ready in (7, 14, 28) days hydration and examination to be conduct lying on concrete. Such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, & flextural strength.) The replacing of coarse aggregate uses of waste mater and required strength attain in the conventional M20 grade concrete.

Keywords – Demolished Crushed Concrete Aggregate (DCCA), OPC (53 grade) cement, Lathe waste, Fine aggregate, coarse aggregate.

By Aswin Kumar Das Suvendu Parida Subha Prakash Ratha Phani Bhusan Panda Bishnu Prasad Gariagadu Diptimayee Sahu Priyanka Sahu Anubhab Panigrahi

Chapter- 1 Introduction 1.1. General:

Mahatma Gandhi envisioned a society where the man would live in harmony with nature. He Propounded having self-sufficient village communities to achieve this goal, having a civilization built on renewable resources. He insisted for the growth of human beings from every stratum of the society and to avoid wasteful use of resources. It is in the Indian culture system to find use for everything, which may be considered as waste by many. However in the race of rapid urbanization and globalization we have lost these practices leading to unsustainable growth of cities.

As per Figure 1.1, by 2008, 30% of Indian population was living in cities generating 58% of the total GDP of India. It is estimated that by 2030, more than 40% of Indians would be living in urban areas contributing to about 70% of the GDP. The cities are going to be the engines of growth for India to become a developed nation and so, the quality of life needs to be improved for sustaining the growth in the long term. India being the second most populated country in the world has some of the most densely populated cities in the world. The rise in Indian economy in the last couple of decades has created many job opportunities in the cities leading to a rapid influx of migrants from the rural areas to the urban areas.

ABSTRACT: As the infrastructure is developing there is need for some changes in the construction field, as one cannot rely on the same method for a long time as it can have different consequences. The main consequence is the shortage of material and manpower. Also, money matters a lot in construction department along with it the machines, equipment and technology in some region is not at a level, which we want. Hence in order to satisfy these results Bubble deck slab is one of the most effective slab techniques to replace conventional slab in terms of money and materials. Also, it requires less time to construct as compared to conventional slab.

1.0 INTRODUCTION: Bubble Deck is a revolutionary method of virtually eliminating concrete from the middle of a floor slab not performing any structural function, thereby dramatically reducing structural dead weight. Bubble Deck is based on a new patented technique- the direct way of linking air and steel. Void formers in the middle of a flat slab eliminates 35% of a slabs self-weight removing constraints of high dead loads and short spans.

Incorporation of recycled plastic bubbles as void formers permits 50% longer spans between columns. Combination of this with a flat slab construction approach spanning in two directions – the slab is connected directly to insitu concrete columns without any beams -produces a wide range of cost and construction benefits including:-

By Shubham Malu DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING N.D.MV.P.S’s K.B.T.C.O.E NASHIK

1.INTRODUCTION The artificial recharge to ground water aims at augmentation of ground water reservoir by modifying the natural movement of surface water utilizing suitable civil construction techniques. Artificial recharge techniques normally address to following issues –

(i) To enhance the sustainable yield in areas where over-development has depleted the aquifer

(ii) Conservation and storage of excess surface water for future requirements, since these requirements often changes within a season or a period.

(iii) To improve the quality of existing ground water through dilution.

(iv) To remove bacteriological and other impurities from sewage and waste water so that water is suitable for re-use.

Thus, in most situation, artificial recharge projects not only serve as water conservation mechanism but also assist in overcoming problem associated with overdraft.The increasing demand for water has increased awareness towards the use of artificial recharge to augment ground water supplies. Stated simply, artificial recharge is a process by which excess surface-water is directed into the ground – either by spreading on the surface, by using recharge wells, or by altering natural conditions to increase infiltration – to replenish an aquifer. It refers to the movement of water through man-made systems from the surface of the earth to underground water-bearing strata where it may be stored for future use. Artificial recharge (sometimes called planned recharge) is a way to store water underground in times of water surplus to meet demand in times of shortage. Read More

CHAPTER 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION Rainwater harvesting is a technology used to collect, convey and store rain for later use from relatively clean surfaces such as a roof, land surface or rock catchment. The water is generally stored in a rainwater tank or directed to recharge groundwater. Rainwater infiltration is another aspect of rainwater harvesting playing an important role in storm water management and in the replenishment of the groundwater levels. Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for over 4,000 years throughout the world, traditionally in arid and semi-arid areas, and has provided drinking water, domestic water and water for livestock and small irrigation. Today, rainwater harvesting has gained much on significance as a modern, water-saving and simple technology.

The practice of collecting rainwater from rainfall events can be classified into two broad categories: land-based and roof-based. Land-based rainwater harvesting occurs when runoff from land surfaces is collected in furrow dikes, ponds, tanks and reservoirs. Roof-based rainwater harvesting refers to collecting rainwater runoff from roof surfaces which usually provides a much cleaner source of water that can be also used for drinking.

By Technical paper Presented by: Mr.Jismon Issac B.E (Mech) A.I.E, MBA

Over the past few years, India has seen a spurt in the vertical growth of buildings. They range from individual houses to very tall skyscrapers. Whenever news on earthquake is reported, we have only one question in our mind – Is our home safe during an earthquake?

Engineers always tell us that earthquake don’t kill, but that will be done by poorly built constructions. Earthquake resistant buildings can be made, only by constructing our homes with ductile character. For a better understanding in earthquake resistant buildings, we must acquire knowledge about earthquakes and its occurrence. The points are given as below;

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Civil Engineering Graduate Projects and Theses

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Systematic Investigation of Wavy Surface Roughness Profiles Using Common Roughness Algorithms , Russell Gray

Hydraulic Conductivity's Impact on Rise of Excess Pore-Water Pressure During Seismic-Induced Liquefaction , Holly Gunderson

Multiphysics Numerical Modeling for PFAS Transport within Vadose and Saturated Zones , Pierrette Iradukunda

Investigating the Causes of a Landslide in Terra Nativa Subdivision and Designing Slope Stabilization Using Recycled Plastic Pins , Clara Klamm

Analyzing the Effects of Rejuvenators in Balanced Mix Design with High Percentages of Recycled Asphalt Pavement , Amanda Jo Mullins

Maximizing the Performance of Geocell Reinforced Pavement Bases with High-Fines Content Soils Through MICP Treatments , Ajay Kumar Reddy Pisati

Study of Dry Mixing Method to Apply Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation for Soil Treatment , Ruchi Shrestha

Analysis of Emerging Constituents in an Activated Sludge Treatment Facility , Abigail Mae Sigurdson Ryan

Development of Predictive Rockfall Runout Maps Based on Calibrated Rockfall Models , Olivia Tabor

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Contaminants of Emerging Concern Behavior within Water Renewal Facilities , Joshua C. Baker

Evaluation of Energy Release from Wildfires Across the Elevation Gradient , Isabelle Rose Butler

Use of Harsh-Braking Data from Connected Vehicles as a Surrogate Safety Measure , Nathaniel Patrick Edelmann

Innovative Foundation Alternative Inspired from Tree Roots , Macie Larranaga

Multivariate Analysis of the 2021 Boise Drought in the Context of Natural Human Systems , Jesus Martinez-Osario

Using Food-Industry Byproduct to Treat Expansive Clay , Nicole L. Shaw

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Developing Implementable Policies Targeting Sustainable Building Construction Through International Policy Diffusion , Melisa Ciara Hancock

Using Differential Shear Strain Measurements to Monitor Crosstie Support Conditions in Railroad Tracks , D. Kody Johnson

Water Quality Responses to a Semi-Arid Beaver Meadow in Boise, Idaho , Luise Bayer Winslow

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Quantifying the Effects of Climate Change on Pavement Performance Prediction using AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design , Md Shahjalal Chowdhury

In-situ Fluid Injections to Achieve Bio-Stimulated Calcite Precipitation in Expansive Soils , Anish Pathak

Understanding Mesoscopic Chemo-Mechanical Distress and Mitigation Mechanisms of Concrete Subject to ASR , Md Asif Rahman

Assessing the Prevalence of Suspicious Activities in Asphalt Pavement Construction Using Algorithmic Logics and Machine Learning , Mostofa Najmus Sakib

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Wildfire Smoke: Trends, Challenges, Unknowns, and Human Response , Mariah Dawn Fowler

Full-Scale Study of Infrared Thermography for Assessing Surface and Subsurface Defects in Pavements and Other Civil Infrastructure , Aidin J. Golrokh

Exploring the Use of Data from Newer Technologies in Road Design , Mahamudul Hasan

Effect of Subgrade Conditions on Pavement Analysis and Performance Prediction: A Study for Idaho Conditions , Md Jibon

A Unified Risk-Based Framework for Assessing Sustainability and Resiliency of Civil Infrastructure , Thomas Adam Robbins

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Feasibility of Aerial Tramway at Boise State University , Majed Alsaqyani

Predicting Power Transformer Bushings' Seismic Vulnerability , Jonathan Bender

Effect of Particle Breakage on Ballast Permanent Deformation — A Study Using the Discrete Element Method , Beema Dahal

Machine Learning Methods to Map Stabilizer Effectiveness Based on Common Soil Properties , Amit Gajurel

Physio-Chemical Degradation of Concrete: A Ramification of Coupled Freeze-Thaw and Sulfate Attack , MD Aminul Islam

Studying the Applicability of Biostimulated Calcite Precipitation in Stabilizing Expansive Soils , Md Touhidul Islam

Effect of Subsurface Conditions on Flexible Pavement Behavior: Non-Destructive Testing and Mechanistic Analysis , Md. Fazle Rabbi

Studying the Use of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation as a Shallow Stabilization Alternative to Treat Expansive Soils , Tasria Rahman

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Subsurface Characterization of Flexible Pavements Constructed Over Expansive Soil Subgrades and Selection of Suitable Rehabilitation Alternatives , Kazi Moinul Islam

Effect of Particle Size Distribution and Packing Characteristics on Railroad Ballast Shear Strength: A Numerical Study Using the Discrete Element Method , S. M. Naziur Mahmud

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Hybrid Geosynthetic Reinforcement System to Mitigate Differential Heave on Flexible Pavement due to Expansive Subgrades , Mir Md. Tamim

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Electromagnetically Induced Alteration of Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Applications , Rakesh Acharya

Evaluating the Suitability of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation Technique for Stabilizing Expansive Soils , Sikha Neupane

Evaluating the Effects of Major Assumptions in Layered Elastic Theory on Railroad Track Response Prediction Through the Development of an Improved Track Analysis Software , Sadichchha Sharma

Coupled Numerical Analysis of Variations in the Capacity of an Energy Pile in Clay Soil , Daniel Patrick Zimmerman

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Impedance-Based Water-Quality Monitoring Using Parallel Plate Method , Ali Nazaridaftari

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Electromagnetically Induced Remediation of Contaminated Soil , Vahab Bolvardi

The Effect of Electromagnetic Waves on Airflow During Air Sparging , Somayeh Najafi

Dual-State Kalman Filter Forecasting and Control Theory Applications for Proactive Ramp Metering , Brian Richard Portugais

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Investigation of Human-Induced Land Use Changes Under Present and Future Climate Projections in Southern Idaho , Korri Allen Anderson

Electromagnetic Alteration of Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils , Sahba Azad

An Investigation into the Water Budget and the Management of the Snake River System , John Whitney Hildreth

A New Framework for Flooding Control in Regulated River Systems , Elizabeth Akemi Kanashiro

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Analysis of Electromagnetic Stimulation of Transport in Water for Geoenvironmental Applications , Mahsa Azad

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

A System Dynamics Approach for Climate Change Impact Analysis in the Snake River Basin , David Jerome Hoekema

Assessing the Surface Energy Balance Components in the Snake River Basin , W Thilini Ajanthik Jaksa

Investigation of Concrete Sealer Products to Extend Concrete Pavement Life , Justin Nielsen

EM Stimulation of Water for Geotechnical Applications , Harlan Dwight Olson Sangrey

Laser Particulate Counter Calibration to a Micro-Orifice Uniform-Deposit Impactor , Benjamen Fredrich Seely

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Impact of Ground-level Aviation Emissions on Air Quality in the Western United States , Eric Edward Clark

Factors Influencing Soil Moisture at the Hillslope Scale in a Semi-Arid Mountainous Environment , Ivan John Geroy

Identifying Controls on Surface Carbon Dioxide Efflux in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem , Katrina Elsie Ladd

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Ground Water from Municipal Lagoon Treatment , Teresa Nicholas

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Design and Validation of an Automated Multistep Outflow Apparatus for Measuring Soil Hydraulic Properties , Jordi Figueras

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

Integrated Transportation and Land Use Modeling for the Boise Metropolitan Area , Suseel Dev Indrakanti

A Gas Sampling Module for a Subsurface Ion Mobility Spectrometer , Kevin P. Ryan

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

Development of a Queue Growth and Dissipation Model , Wei Wang

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

Changes in Local Groundwater Elevation Following Stream Restoration in the Lower Red River Meadow, Idaho , Kenneth Douglas Donley

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Britain’s Violent Riots: What We Know

Officials had braced for more unrest on Wednesday, but the night’s anti-immigration protests were smaller, with counterprotesters dominating the streets instead.

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By Lynsey Chutel

After days of violent rioting set off by disinformation around a deadly stabbing rampage, the authorities in Britain had been bracing for more unrest on Wednesday. But by nightfall, large-scale anti-immigration demonstrations had not materialized, and only a few arrests had been made nationwide.

Instead, streets in cities across the country were filled with thousands of antiracism protesters, including in Liverpool, where by late evening, the counterdemonstration had taken on an almost celebratory tone.

Over the weekend, the anti-immigration protests, organized by far-right groups, had devolved into violence in more than a dozen towns and cities. And with messages on social media calling for wider protests and counterprotests on Wednesday, the British authorities were on high alert.

With tensions running high, Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s cabinet held emergency meetings to discuss what has become the first crisis of his recently elected government. Some 6,000 specialist public-order police officers were mobilized nationwide to respond to any disorder, and the authorities in several cities and towns stepped up patrols.

Wednesday was not trouble-free, however.

In Bristol, the police said there was one arrest after a brick was thrown at a police vehicle and a bottle was thrown. In the southern city of Portsmouth, police officers dispersed a small group of anti-immigration protesters who had blocked a roadway. And in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where there have been at least four nights of unrest, disorder continued, and the police service said it would bring in additional officers.

But overall, many expressed relief that the fears of wide-scale violence had not been realized.

Here’s what we know about the turmoil in Britain.

Where arrests have been reported

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