The detector of the UA2 experiment. Credit: CERN PhotoLab
TRIGGERS in UA2 and in UA1. the UA2 Experiment
ua1, ua2, and σu under different S values
UA2 experiment
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UA1 experiment
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UA1 experiment
The UA1 experiment (an abbreviation of Underground Area 1) was a high-energy physics experiment that ran at CERN's Proton-Antiproton Collider ... The joint discovery of the W and Z bosons by this experiment and the UA2 experiment in 1983 led to the Nobel Prize for physics being awarded to Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer in 1984.
UA1 and UA2: a Nobel discovery
A Nobel discovery Hunting the heavyweights with UA1 and UA2. UA1 and UA2 were two experiments at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator which started taking data in 1981 when the SPS first operated as a proton-antiproton collider. At the time, one of the hottest challenges in particle physics was the hunt for the force-carrier particles predicted by electroweak theory.
UA2 experiment
The Underground Area 2 (UA2) experiment was a high-energy physics experiment at the Proton-Antiproton Collider (SppS) — a modification of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) — at CERN. The experiment ran from 1981 until 1990, [1] and its main objective was to discover the W and Z bosons. UA2, together with the UA1 experiment, succeeded in ...
A history of CERN in seven physics milestones
The UA1 experiment — 10 m × 6 m × 6 m in size and weighing around 2,000 tonnes — was led by Rubbia and featured advanced technologies such as a large dipole magnet and a central tracker with ...
PDF The Discovery of the W and Z Particles
After a short description of the collider itself and of the two detectors, UA1 and UA2, which took data at this new facility, this article describes the experimental results which led to the first observation of the W and Z bosons. This major discovery was awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physics. 2. The CERN Proton-Antiproton Collider
Ua2
The UA2 experiment was approved in December 1978. A previous experiment called UA5 operated for a short time earlier in 1981 and was moved to make way for UA2, which saw its first collisions in December 1981. Unlike UA1, UA2 was not a multipurpose detector; it had a more limited scope.
Ua1
UA1 (Underground Area 1) was a particle detector at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). It ran from 1981 until 1990, when the SPS was used as a proton-antiproton collider, searching for traces of W and Z particles in collisions. Two moveable detectors - UA1 and UA2 - were custom built around the SPS beam pipe for use during proton ...
The particle-physics breakthrough that paved the way for the ...
In 1983 — ten years after the observation of neutral currents — the UA1 and UA2 collaborations announced the discoveries first of the W bosons and then of the Z boson. Rubbia and van der Meer ...
UA2
Soon after the new SppS proton-antiproton collider at CERN was switched on in 1981 the UA2 experiment co-discovered the W and Z bosons with the UA1 experiment in spectacular confirmation of the new theory. The W and Z bosons decay very quickly after they are produced but the decays leave characteristic energy deposits in the detectors.
PDF CERN's Balancing Act Between Unity and Disunity: The "Sister
The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two experimental teams, working independently and with different mentalities, built separate detectors and refrained from systematically sharing their data.
W and Z particles discovered
In 1983, CERN announced the discovery of the W and Z particles.The image above shows the the first detection of a Z0 particle, as seen by the UA1 experiment on 30 April 1983. The Z0 itself decays very quickly so cannot be seen, but an electron-positron pair produced in the decay appear in blue. UA1 observed proton-antiproton collisions on the ...
W boson published 30 years ago
The paper, by the UA1 collaboration at CERN, described the results of two searches made on data recorded at the Super Proton Synchrotron while it was running as a proton-antiproton collider. On 17 March 1983, the UA2 collaboration published their paper describing their simultaneous discovery of the W boson at the CERN proton-antiproton collider.
Archives of the UA1 Collaboration, Underground Area 1 Collaboration
At the beginning of 1982 two accidents damaged the UA1 detector, so the experiment was stopped until summer 1982. UA1 and UA2 experiments started again in September 1982 until December 1982, when the accelerators were switched off for two months. During this time data were analysed and physicists were convinced of having discovered the W boson.
PDF The UA2 Experiment
bosons with the UA1 experiment in spectacular confirmation of the new theory. The W and Z bosons decay very quickly after they are produced but the decays leave characteristic energy deposits in the detectors. An example of the energy distribution due to a W boson decaying in the UA2 detector can be seen on the left and of a Z boson on the right.
CERN's Balancing Act Between Unity and Disunity: The "Sister
The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two experimental teams, working independently and with different mentalities, built separate detectors and refrained from systematically sharing their data.
UA2
The UA2 experiment was approved in December 1978. A previous experiment called UA5 operated for a short time earlier in 1981 and was moved to make way for UA2, which saw its first collisions in December 1981. Unlike UA1, UA2 was not a multipurpose detector; it had a more limited scope.
W boson turns 40
The following afternoon, Luigi Di Lella of the UA2 collaboration presented four candidate W events and, on 25 January 1983, CERN delivered the news of the discovery of the new particle to the world. ... First direct production of the W boson in the UA1 experiment in late 1982. (Image: CERN) Exactly four decades ago today, on 25 January 1983 ...
Archives of the UA2 Collaboration, Underground Area 2
The UA2 Collaboration has many things in common with the UA1 Collaboration. These two collaborations made their experiments at CERN, using the SPS accelerator, and both were chasing the same goal (discovery of W and Z bosons). The major difference (from a physics point of view) is the detectors they used, which were very different.
CERN's Balancing Act Between Unity and Disunity: The "Sister
The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two ...
Carrying the weak force: Thirty years of the W boson
Carlo Rubbia, instigator of the accelerator's conversion and spokesperson of the UA1 experiment, shared the prize with Simon van der Meer, whose technology was vital to the collider's operation. ... UA1 and UA2, were custom built around the SPS beam pipe to search proton-antiproton collisions for signatures of the W particle. They started ...
PDF Properties at the UA2 Experiment at CERN W Boson and ...
Design & build an experiment to access the W at the expected mass range. Build SPS. Form the UA2. Perform Data analysis. Collect Data. Reconstruct events. Compare Data to predictions simulations ...
Thirty years of the Z boson
This image taken by the UA1 experiment at CERN on 30 April 1983 was later confirmed to be the first detection of a Z particle (Image: UA1/CERN) On 1 June 1983 physicists at CERN announced that they had directly observed the Z boson. This ... Two detectors, UA1 and UA2, were positioned at different points around the collider to collect particle ...
Gargamelle
In 1983, two CERN experiments, UA1 and UA2, discovered the W and Z particles, carriers of the electroweak force. In its short career at the SPS, Gargamelle succeeded in observing for the first time a touchstone weak interaction, involving only leptons, in which a muon-type neutrino hits an electron, producing an electron-neutrino and a muon ...
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The UA1 experiment (an abbreviation of Underground Area 1) was a high-energy physics experiment that ran at CERN's Proton-Antiproton Collider ... The joint discovery of the W and Z bosons by this experiment and the UA2 experiment in 1983 led to the Nobel Prize for physics being awarded to Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer in 1984.
A Nobel discovery Hunting the heavyweights with UA1 and UA2. UA1 and UA2 were two experiments at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator which started taking data in 1981 when the SPS first operated as a proton-antiproton collider. At the time, one of the hottest challenges in particle physics was the hunt for the force-carrier particles predicted by electroweak theory.
The Underground Area 2 (UA2) experiment was a high-energy physics experiment at the Proton-Antiproton Collider (SppS) — a modification of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) — at CERN. The experiment ran from 1981 until 1990, [1] and its main objective was to discover the W and Z bosons. UA2, together with the UA1 experiment, succeeded in ...
The UA1 experiment — 10 m × 6 m × 6 m in size and weighing around 2,000 tonnes — was led by Rubbia and featured advanced technologies such as a large dipole magnet and a central tracker with ...
After a short description of the collider itself and of the two detectors, UA1 and UA2, which took data at this new facility, this article describes the experimental results which led to the first observation of the W and Z bosons. This major discovery was awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physics. 2. The CERN Proton-Antiproton Collider
The UA2 experiment was approved in December 1978. A previous experiment called UA5 operated for a short time earlier in 1981 and was moved to make way for UA2, which saw its first collisions in December 1981. Unlike UA1, UA2 was not a multipurpose detector; it had a more limited scope.
UA1 (Underground Area 1) was a particle detector at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). It ran from 1981 until 1990, when the SPS was used as a proton-antiproton collider, searching for traces of W and Z particles in collisions. Two moveable detectors - UA1 and UA2 - were custom built around the SPS beam pipe for use during proton ...
In 1983 — ten years after the observation of neutral currents — the UA1 and UA2 collaborations announced the discoveries first of the W bosons and then of the Z boson. Rubbia and van der Meer ...
Soon after the new SppS proton-antiproton collider at CERN was switched on in 1981 the UA2 experiment co-discovered the W and Z bosons with the UA1 experiment in spectacular confirmation of the new theory. The W and Z bosons decay very quickly after they are produced but the decays leave characteristic energy deposits in the detectors.
The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two experimental teams, working independently and with different mentalities, built separate detectors and refrained from systematically sharing their data.
In 1983, CERN announced the discovery of the W and Z particles.The image above shows the the first detection of a Z0 particle, as seen by the UA1 experiment on 30 April 1983. The Z0 itself decays very quickly so cannot be seen, but an electron-positron pair produced in the decay appear in blue. UA1 observed proton-antiproton collisions on the ...
The paper, by the UA1 collaboration at CERN, described the results of two searches made on data recorded at the Super Proton Synchrotron while it was running as a proton-antiproton collider. On 17 March 1983, the UA2 collaboration published their paper describing their simultaneous discovery of the W boson at the CERN proton-antiproton collider.
At the beginning of 1982 two accidents damaged the UA1 detector, so the experiment was stopped until summer 1982. UA1 and UA2 experiments started again in September 1982 until December 1982, when the accelerators were switched off for two months. During this time data were analysed and physicists were convinced of having discovered the W boson.
bosons with the UA1 experiment in spectacular confirmation of the new theory. The W and Z bosons decay very quickly after they are produced but the decays leave characteristic energy deposits in the detectors. An example of the energy distribution due to a W boson decaying in the UA2 detector can be seen on the left and of a Z boson on the right.
The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two experimental teams, working independently and with different mentalities, built separate detectors and refrained from systematically sharing their data.
The UA2 experiment was approved in December 1978. A previous experiment called UA5 operated for a short time earlier in 1981 and was moved to make way for UA2, which saw its first collisions in December 1981. Unlike UA1, UA2 was not a multipurpose detector; it had a more limited scope.
The following afternoon, Luigi Di Lella of the UA2 collaboration presented four candidate W events and, on 25 January 1983, CERN delivered the news of the discovery of the new particle to the world. ... First direct production of the W boson in the UA1 experiment in late 1982. (Image: CERN) Exactly four decades ago today, on 25 January 1983 ...
The UA2 Collaboration has many things in common with the UA1 Collaboration. These two collaborations made their experiments at CERN, using the SPS accelerator, and both were chasing the same goal (discovery of W and Z bosons). The major difference (from a physics point of view) is the detectors they used, which were very different.
The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two ...
Carlo Rubbia, instigator of the accelerator's conversion and spokesperson of the UA1 experiment, shared the prize with Simon van der Meer, whose technology was vital to the collider's operation. ... UA1 and UA2, were custom built around the SPS beam pipe to search proton-antiproton collisions for signatures of the W particle. They started ...
Design & build an experiment to access the W at the expected mass range. Build SPS. Form the UA2. Perform Data analysis. Collect Data. Reconstruct events. Compare Data to predictions simulations ...
This image taken by the UA1 experiment at CERN on 30 April 1983 was later confirmed to be the first detection of a Z particle (Image: UA1/CERN) On 1 June 1983 physicists at CERN announced that they had directly observed the Z boson. This ... Two detectors, UA1 and UA2, were positioned at different points around the collider to collect particle ...
In 1983, two CERN experiments, UA1 and UA2, discovered the W and Z particles, carriers of the electroweak force. In its short career at the SPS, Gargamelle succeeded in observing for the first time a touchstone weak interaction, involving only leptons, in which a muon-type neutrino hits an electron, producing an electron-neutrino and a muon ...