online critical thinking skills test

Critical Thinking test

By 123test team . Updated May 12, 2023

Critical Thinking test reviews

This Critical Thinking test measures your ability to think critically and draw logical conclusions based on written information. Critical Thinking tests are often used in job assessments in the legal sector to assess a candidate's  analytical critical  thinking skills. A well known example of a critical thinking test is the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal .

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The test comprises of the following five sections with a total of 10 questions:

• Analysing Arguments
• Assumptions
• Interpreting Information

Instructions Critical Thinking test

Each question presents one or more paragraphs of text and a question about the information in the text. It's your job to figure out which of the options is the correct answer.

Below is a statement that is followed by an argument. You should consider this argument to be true. It is then up to you to determine whether the argument is strong or weak. Do not let your personal opinion about the statement play a role in your evaluation of the argument.

Statement: It would be good if people would eat vegetarian more often. Argument: No, because dairy also requires animals to be kept that will have to be eaten again later.

Is this a strong or weak argument?

Strong argument Weak argument

Statement: Germany should no longer use the euro as its currency Argument: No, because that means that the 10 billion Deutschmark that the introduction of the euro has cost is money thrown away.

Overfishing is the phenomenon that too much fish is caught in a certain area, which leads to the disappearance of the fish species in that area. This trend can only be reversed by means of catch reduction measures. These must therefore be introduced and enforced.

Assumption: The disappearance of fish species in areas of the oceans is undesirable.

Is the assumption made from the text?

Assumption is made Assumption is not made

As a company, we strive for satisfied customers. That's why from now on we're going to keep track of how quickly our help desk employees pick up the phone. Our goal is for that phone to ring for a maximum of 20 seconds.

Assumption: The company has tools or ways to measure how quickly help desk employees pick up the phone.

• All reptiles lay eggs
• All reptiles are vertebrates
• All snakes are reptiles
• All vertebrates have brains
• Some reptiles hatch their eggs themselves
• Most reptiles have two lungs
• Many snakes only have one lung
• Cobras are poisonous snakes
• All reptiles are animals

Conclusion: Some snakes hatch their eggs themselves.

Does the conclusion follow the statements?

Conclusion follows Conclusion does not follow

(Continue with the statements from question 5.)

Conclusion: Some animals that lay eggs only have one lung.

In the famous 1971 Stanford experiment, 24 normal, healthy male students were randomly assigned as 'guards' (12) or 'prisoners' (12). The guards were given a uniform and instructed to keep order, but not to use force. The prisoners were given prison uniforms. Soon after the start of the experiment, the guards made up all kinds of sentences for the prisoners. Insurgents were shot down with a fire extinguisher and public undressing or solitary confinement was also a punishment. The aggression of the guards became stronger as the experiment progressed. At one point, the abuses took place at night, because the guards thought that the researchers were not watching. It turned out that some guards also had fun treating the prisoners very cruelly. For example, prisoners got a bag over their heads and were chained to their ankles. Originally, the experiment would last 14 days. However, after six days the experiment was stopped.

The students who took part in the research did not expect to react the way they did in such a situation.

To what extent is this conclusion true, based on the given text?

True Probably true More information required Probably false False

(Continue with the text from 'Stanford experiment' in question 7.)

The results of the experiment support the claim that every young man (or at least some young men) is capable of turning into a sadist fairly quickly.

• A flag is a tribute to the nation and should therefore not be hung outside at night. Hoisting the flag therefore happens at sunrise, bringing it down at sunset. Only when a country flag is illuminated by spotlights on both sides, it may remain hanging after sunset. There is a simple rule of thumb for the time of bringing down the flag. This is the moment when there is no longer any visible difference between the individual colors of the flag.
• A flag may not touch the ground.
• On the Dutch flag, unless entitled to do so, no decorations or other additions should be made. Also the use of a flag purely for decoration should be avoided. However, flag cloth may be used for decoration - for example in the form of drapes.
• The orange pennant is only used on birthdays of members of the Royal House and on King's Day. The orange pennant should be as long or slightly longer than the diagonal of the flag.

Conclusion: One can assume that no Dutch flag will fly at government buildings at night, unless it is illuminated by spotlights on both sides.

Does the conclusion follow, based on the given text?

(Continue with the text from 'Dutch flag protocol' in question 9.)

Conclusion: If the protocol is followed, the orange pennant will always be longer than the horizontal bands/stripes of the flag.

Please answer the questions below. Not all questions are required but it will help us improve this test.

My educational level is

-- please select -- primary school high school college university PhD other

What is the Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking practice test, take a free practice critical thinking test, practice critical thinking test.

Updated November 16, 2023

The Critical Thinking Test is a comprehensive evaluation designed to assess individuals' cognitive capacities and analytical prowess.

This formal examination, often referred to as the critical thinking assessment, is a benchmark for those aiming to demonstrate their proficiency in discernment and problem-solving.

In addition, this evaluative tool meticulously gauges a range of skills, including logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and the ability to evaluate and synthesize information.

This article will embark on an exploration of the Critical Thinking Test, elucidating its intricacies and elucidating its paramount importance. We will dissect the essential skills it measures and clarify its significance in gauging one's intellectual aptitude.

We will examine examples of critical thinking questions, illuminating the challenging scenarios that candidates encounter prompting them to navigate the complexities of thought with finesse.

Before going ahead to take the critical thinking test, let's delve into the realm of preparation. This segment serves as a crucible for honing the skills assessed in the actual examination, offering candidates a chance to refine their analytical blades before facing the real challenge. Here are some skills that will help you with the critical thinking assessment: Logical Reasoning: The practice test meticulously evaluates your ability to deduce conclusions from given information, assess the validity of arguments, and recognize patterns in logic. Analytical Thinking: Prepare to dissect complex scenarios, identify key components, and synthesize information to draw insightful conclusions—a fundamental aspect of the critical thinking assessment. Problem-Solving Proficiency: Navigate through intricate problems that mirror real-world challenges, honing your capacity to approach issues systematically and derive effective solutions. What to Expect: The Critical Thinking Practice Test is crafted to mirror the format and complexity of the actual examination. Expect a series of scenarios, each accompanied by a set of questions that demand thoughtful analysis and logical deduction. These scenarios span diverse fields, from business and science to everyday scenarios, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of your critical thinking skills. Examples of Critical Thinking Questions Scenario: In a business context, analyze the potential impacts of a proposed strategy on both short-term profitability and long-term sustainability. Question: What factors would you consider in determining the viability of the proposed strategy, and how might it affect the company's overall success? Scenario: Evaluate conflicting scientific studies on a pressing environmental issue.

Question: Identify the key methodologies and data points in each study. How would you reconcile the disparities to form an informed, unbiased conclusion?

Why Practice Matters

Engaging in the Critical Thinking Practice Test familiarizes you with the test format and cultivates a mindset geared towards agile and astute reasoning. This preparatory phase allows you to refine your cognitive toolkit, ensuring you approach the assessment with confidence and finesse.

We'll navigate through specific examples as we proceed, offering insights into effective strategies for tackling critical thinking questions. Prepare to embark on a journey of intellectual sharpening, where each practice question refines your analytical prowess for the challenges ahead.

This is a practice critical thinking test.

The test consists of three questions . 

After you have answered all the questions, you will be shown the correct answers and given full explanations.

Make sure you read and fully understand each question before answering. Work quickly, but don't rush. You cannot afford to make mistakes on a real test .

If you get a question wrong, make sure you find out why and learn how to answer this type of question in the future. 

Six friends are seated in a restaurant across a rectangular table. There are three chairs on each side. Adam and Dorky do not have anyone sitting to their right and Clyde and Benjamin do not have anyone sitting to their left. Adam and Benjamin are not sitting on the same side of the table.

If Ethan is not sitting next to Dorky, who is seated immediately to the left of Felix?

You might also be interested in these other PRT articles:

Critical Thinking Test Practice ▷ Free Critical Reasoning Samples & Tips 2024

Employers? Hire Better With Our Aptitude Test

Start Preparing for Your Critical Thinking Test.  This page features a brief introduction, followed by question examples with detailed explanations, and a free test sample.

Table of Contents :

✻  What is a Critical Thinking Test ?

✻  Sample Questions

Related links

✻  Free Critical Thinking Practice Test

✻  Watson Glaser Practice Test

Have you been invited to take a Watson Glaser Test ? Access our tailored prep and our Free Watson Glaser Test . 

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking, also known as critical reasoning, is the ability to assess a situation and consider/understand various perspectives, all while acknowledging, extracting and deciphering facts, opinions and assumptions. Critical thinking tests are a sub-type of aptitude exams  or psychometric tests used in pre-employment assessment for jobs reacquiring advanced analytical and learning skills.

The Skills You Will Be Tested On

Critical thinking tests can have 5 major sections or sub-tests that assess and measure a variety of aspects.

1) Inference

In this section, you are asked to draw conclusions from observed or supposed facts. You are presented with a short text containing a set of facts you should consider as true.

Below the text is a statement that could be inferred from the text. You need to make a judgement on whether this statement is valid or not, based on what you have read.

Furthermore, you are asked to evaluate whether the statement is true, probably true, there is insufficient data to determine, probably false, or false.

For example:  if a baby is crying and it is his feeding time, you may infer that the baby is hungry. However, the baby may be crying for other reasons—perhaps it is hot.

2) Recognising Assumptions

In this section, you are asked to recognise whether an assumption is justifiable or not.

Here you are given a statement followed by an assumption on that statement. You need to establish whether this assumption can be supported by the statement or not.

You are being tested on your ability to avoid taking things for granted that are not necessarily true. For example, you may say, "I’ll have the same job in three months," but you would be taking for granted the fact that your workplace won't make you redundant, or that you won’t decide to quit and explore various other possibilities.

You are asked to choose between the options of assumption made and assumption not made.

3) Deduction

This section tests your ability to weigh information and decide whether given conclusions are warranted.

You are presented with a statement of facts followed by a conclusion on what you have read. For example, you may be told, "Nobody in authority can avoid making uncomfortable decisions."

You must then decide whether a statement such as "All people must make uncomfortable decisions" is warranted from the first statement.

You need to assess whether the conclusion follows or the conclusion does not follow what is contained in the statement. You can read more about our  deductive logical thinking test  resources here. 

4) Interpretation

This section measures your ability to understand the weighing of different arguments on a particular question or issue.

You are given a short paragraph to read, which you are expected to take as true. This paragraph is followed by a suggested conclusion, for which you must decide if it follows beyond a reasonable doubt.

You have the choice of conclusion follows and conclusion does not follow.

5) Evaluation of Arguments

In this section you are asked to evaluate the strength of an argument.

You are given a question followed by an argument. The argument is considered to be true, but you must decide whether it is a strong or weak argument, i.e. whether it is both important and directly related to the question.

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Critical Thinking Question Examples

As there are various forms of critical thinking and critical reasoning, we've provided a number of critical thinking sample questions.

You can take our full Critical Thinking Sample Test to see more questions.

Argument Analysis Sample Question

Which of the following is true?

• Most of the people surveyed, whether they own pets or do not own pets, displayed outstanding interpersonal capacities.
• The adoption of a pet involves personal sacrifice and occasional inconvenience.
• People with high degrees of empathy are more likely to adopt pets than people with low degrees of empathy.
• Interpersonal capacities entail tuning in to all the little signals necessary to operate as a couple.
• A person's degree of empathy is highly correlated with his or her capacity for personal sacrifice.

The correct answer is C

Answer explanation: In a question of this type, the rule is very simple: the main conclusion of an argument is found either in the first or the last sentence. If, however, the main conclusion appears in the middle of an argument, it will begin with a signal word such as thus, therefore, or so. Regardless of where the main conclusion appears, the rest of the passage will give the reasons why the conclusion is true or should be adopted. The main conclusion in this passage is the last sentence, signaled by the words, 'This indicates that people who are especially empathetic are more likely to adopt a pet than people who are less empathetic'.

Argument Practice Sample Question

A: No. Differential bonuses have been found to create a hostile working environment, which leads to a decrease in the quality and quantity of products .

This argument is:

The correct answer is A (Strong)

Schema of the statement: Differential cash bonuses (productivity↑) → workplace↑

Explanation: This argument targets both the action and the consequences of the action on the object of the statement. It states that the action (implementing differential cash bonuses) has a negative effect on the workplace (a decrease in the quality and quantity of products). Therefore, it is an important argument, one that is relevant for the workplace. Note that this argument does not specifically target differential cash bonuses. Still, they are considered a sub-group of the subject of the argument (differential bonuses).

Interpretations Sample Question

Proposed assumption: Vicki and Bill encountered a personal battle because they couldn’t come to terms with their disease.

A. Conclusion follows

B. Conclusion does not follow

The correct answer is B (Conclusion does not follow)

It is plausible that the reason people who suffer from sleep apnoea encounter a personal battle is because of an inability to come to terms with this disease. However, since the passage does not provide an actual reason, you cannot reach this conclusion without reasonable doubt. 

The most common type of Critical Thinking Assessment is the Watson Glaser .

Difficult and time-pressured, the Watsong Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) takes a unique testing approach that breaks away from more traditional assessments. To see examples, check out our free Watson Glaser practice test .

Our expertly curated practice programme for the Watson Glaser will provide you with:

• A full-length diagnostic simulation
• Focused practice tests for the different test sections: inferences, assumptions, deductive reasoning, interpretations, and arguments.
• 3 additional full-length simulations
• Interactive tutorials

Or learn more about the Watson Glaser Test.

Critical Thinking Tests FAQs

What critical reasoning test am I most likely to take?

Very Likely the Watson-Glaser test

Another popular critical thinking assessment, Watson-Glaser is a well-established psychometric test produced by Pearson Assessments.

The Watson-Glaser test is used for two main purposes: job selection/talent management and academic evaluations. The Watson-Glaser test can be administered online or in-person.

For Watson Glaser practice questions,  click here !

What skills do critical reasoning test measure?

Critical Thinking can refer to various skills:

• Defining the problem
• Selecting the relevant information to solve the problem
• Recognising assumptions that are both written and implied in the text
• Creating hypotheses and selecting the most relevant and credible solutions
• Reaching valid conclusions and judging the validity of inferences

Pearson TalentLens condenses critical thinking into three major areas:

• R ecognise assumptions – the ability to notice and question assumptions, recognise information gaps or unfounded logic. Basically not taking anything for granted.
• E valuate arguments – the ability to analyse information objectively without letting your emotions affect your opinion.
• D raw conclusions – the ability to reach focused conclusions and inferences by considering diverse information, avoiding generalisations and disregarding information that is not available.

These are abilities that employers highly value in their employees, because they come into play in many stages of problem-solving and decision-making processes in the workplace, especially in business, management and law.

Why are critical thinking tests important to employers?

Critical thinking, or critical reasoning, is important to employers because they want to see that when dealing with an issue, you are able to make logical decisions without involving emotions.

Being able to look past emotions will help you to be open-minded, confident, and decisive—making your decisions more logical and sound.

What professions use critical thinking tests?

Below are some professions that use critical thinking tests and assessments during the hiring process as well as some positions that demand critical thinking and reasoning skills:

Preparation Packs for Critical Thinking & Critical Reasoning Assessmentsץ The Critical Thinking PrepPack™ provides you with the largest assembly of practice tests, study guides and tutorials. Our tests come complete with straightforward expert explanations and predictive score reports to let you know your skill level as well as your advancement. By using our materials you can significantly increase your potential within a few days and secure yourself better chances to get the job.

Create Your Custom Assessment Prep Kit

Job-seeking can be a long and frustrating process, often taking months and involving numerous pre-employment tests and interviews. To guide you through it, we offer a Premium Membership .

Choose 3 Preparation Packs at 50% discount for 1, 3, or 6 months.

Are you about to apply for a role in the finance industry?

Several major banking and consulting employers evaluate their applicants using critical thinking tests, among other methods. Visit your potential employer's page to better understand the tests you are about to face, and start preparing today!

HSBC  |  UBS  |  Bain & Co  |  Macquarie  |  Morgan Stanley  |  Barclays  |  EIB  |  Deloitte  |  Deutsche Bank  |  KPMG  |  PWC  |  Lazard  |  EY  |  Nomura  |  BCG  |  BNP Paribas  |  Jefferies | Moelis & Co

Fill in the details of your test, and you will be redirected to the relevant page:

More on this topic

• Watson Glaser Practice Test
• Clifford Chance Watson Glaser
• Linklaters Watson Glaser
• Hogan Lovells Watson Glaser
• Watson Glaser & RANRA Practice Bundle
• ISEB Practice Test

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Critical Thinking test

Summary of the critical thinking test.

This online Critical Thinking skills assessment evaluates candidates’ skills in critical thinking through inductive and deductive reasoning problems . This pre-employment aptitude test helps you identify candidates who can evaluate information and make sound judgments using logic and analytical skills.

Covered skills

Analyzing syllogisms

Making inferences

Recognizing assumptions and fallacies

Weighing arguments

Use the Critical Thinking test to hire

Any role that involves a high degree of critical and independent thinking to solve complex problems, such as analysts, engineers, executives, lawyers, marketers, and data scientists, among many others.

About the Critical Thinking test 

Effective critical thinking requires skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, and evaluating information to make a sound, logical judgment or formulate an innovative solution. 

In practice, this means that candidates can identify what information is important to solving a problem, gather it where possible, and draw conclusions to reach a solution. It requires using a range of soft skills and cognitive abilities, including:

Logical reasoning

Open-mindedness

Strategizing

These skills are difficult, or even impossible, to glean from a resume; employers should use critical thinking skills tests instead to assess them quickly and easily without bias.

Our Critical Thinking test evaluates candidates’ abilities to:

Solve syllogisms through deductive reasoning skills and logical thinking

Interpret sequences and arrangements, evaluate arguments to find a weak argument, and draw sound conclusions

Ask deduction questions and assess cause-and-effect relationships

Practice reading comprehension to recognize assumptions

These types of questions ( see our practice test for sample questions ) measure critical thinking by presenting candidates with single or multiple-choice statements, asking them to analyze the information and use logic to identify the correct answer.

By using a critical thinking assessment test to screen candidates with a time limit, you can ensure that everyone you invite to interviews meets a baseline requirement for critical thinking skills. Besides, you reach this conclusion through a data-driven, unbiased method that takes a fraction of the time of traditional resume screening.

The test is made by a subject-matter expert

Testgorilla assessment team.

TestGorilla's Assessment Team is responsible for the delivery of leading edge, science-based measurement, assessment content, insights and innovation. The team is comprised of organizational psychologists, data scientists, psychometricians, academics, researchers, writers, and editors.

Collectively, the Assessment Team boasts more than 15 advanced degrees, more than 100 scientific publications and presentations, and almost 100 years of assessment and talent acquisition industry experience.

Crafted with expert knowledge

TestGorilla’s tests are created by subject matter experts. We assess potential subject-matter experts based on their knowledge, ability, and reputation. Before being published, each test is peer-reviewed by another expert, then calibrated using hundreds of test takers with relevant experience in the subject.

Our feedback mechanisms and unique algorithms allow our subject-matter experts to constantly improve their tests.

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The Critical Thinking test will be included in a PDF report along with the other tests from your assessment. You can easily download and share this report with colleagues and candidates.

Why are critical thinking skills important to employers?

The importance of critical thinking abilities in the workplace comes from its ability to improve performance in almost any role. If a candidate can think critically about problems, they are likely to solve them faster and with less need for intervention from superiors . 

Critical thinking practice is essential for managers, who regularly need to make decisions that affect multiple people and involve many variables. Other benefits of fostering critical thinking in the workplace include:

Encouraging creative problem-solving and organizational agility

Improving conflict resolution 

Promoting ethical decision-making

Creating a culture of continuous learning

Asking all applicants to answer critical reasoning test questions can help you hire competent employees and effective managers on a global scale in a fraction of the time. Nexus HR, an HR services provider, did precisely this with our tests – reducing their “time-to-fill” metrics for open positions and improving the quality of hire, particularly in India and the Philippines.

Critical-thinking competencies to hire for

Candidates with critical-thinking skills have several competencies:

Observation skills: They constantly seek new information by asking others or observing their environment and the people around them.

Analysis: They can use fast thinking to analyze new situations, but they can also slow down and analyze situations by asking questions and conducting research.

Decision-making: After observing and analyzing the data available, candidates can critically evaluate the information at their disposal to make a data-driven decision .

Communication: A great critical thinker also knows the importance of communicating their decisions to those around them and understands how best to organize this information for others.

Problem-solving: The candidate can apply their skills in observing and analyzing data to decision-making and finding solutions to complex problems.

What job roles can you hire with our Critical Thinking test?

This Critical Thinking assessment test is not role-specific, which means you can use the Critical Thinking test for employment across any number of roles.

Here are a few examples:

Analysts must know how to interpret data, identify patterns, and provide actionable, feasible insights

Engineers use their critical thinking skills to tackle complex problems and devise effective solutions that meet or exceed safety standards

Chief executive officers must be able to shape organizational strategy, adapt to change, and inspire their workers to perform at their best

Lawyers analyze case law, construct arguments, and navigate legal complexities with sharp critical thinking

Marketers craft compelling brand messages and develop successful go-to-market strategies thanks to a mixture of research and strategic thinking

Data scientists rely on critical thinking skills to examine data sets, spot trends, and make informed business decisions

Teachers design tutorials, create practice questions, evaluate student performance, and adapt their teaching methods based on careful analysis and reflective judgment

Healthcare professionals use critical thinking skills to assess patient symptoms and devise appropriate care plans

Create a multi-measure assessment: 4 tests to pair with the Critical Thinking test

With TestGorilla, you can combine up to five psychometric tests into a multi-measure assessment to find well-rounded candidates. 

Here are the tests you should consider including alongside our critical thinking evaluation in your recruitment process.

Communication test : Assess candidates’ ability to communicate clearly and professionally through written, verbal, or non-verbal communication.

Time Management test : Present candidates with typical workplace scenarios to assess how effectively they can prioritize, plan, and execute tasks.

Problem Solving test : Hire candidates with the ability to analyze and interpret textual information to make correct decisions.

Big Five (OCEAN) test : Evaluate candidates on five key factors of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability.

Note: We haven’t included any role-specific skills tests here because they depend on the position you’re hiring for. However, we highly recommend you add at least one in your five-test assessment to ensure your candidates possess the right skills for the job.

An assessment is the total package of tests and custom questions that you put together to evaluate your candidates. Each individual test within an assessment is designed to test something specific, such as a job skill or language. An assessment can consist of up to 5 tests and 20 custom questions. You can have candidates respond to your custom questions in several ways, such as with a personalized video.

Yes! Custom questions are great for testing candidates in your own unique way. We support the following question types: video, multiple-choice, coding, file upload, and essay. Besides adding your own custom questions, you can also create your own tests.

A video question is a specific type of custom question you can add to your assessment. Video questions let you create a question and have your candidates use their webcam to record a video response. This is an excellent way to see how a candidate would conduct themselves in a live interview, and is especially useful for sales and hospitality roles. Some good examples of things to ask for video questions would be "Why do you want to work for our company?" or "Try to sell me an item you have on your desk right now."

Besides video questions, you can also add the following types of custom questions: multiple-choice, coding, file upload, and essay. Multiple-choice lets your candidates choose from a list of answers that you provide, coding lets you create a coding problem for them to solve, file upload allows your candidates to upload a file that you request (such as a resume or portfolio), and essay allows an open-ended text response to your question. You can learn more about different custom question types here .

Yes! You can add your own logo and company color theme to your assessments. This is a great way to leave a positive and lasting brand impression on your candidates.

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Yes. You can add up to five tests to each assessment.

We recommend using our assessment software as a pre-screening tool at the beginning of your recruitment process. You can add a link to the assessment in your job post or directly invite candidates by email.

TestGorilla replaces traditional resume screening with a much more reliable and efficient process, designed to find the most skilled candidates earlier and faster.

We offer the following cognitive ability tests : Numerical Reasoning, Problem Solving, Attention to Detail, Reading Comprehension, and Critical Thinking.

Our cognitive ability tests allow you to test for skills that are difficult to evaluate in an interview. Check out our blog on why these tests are so useful and how to choose the best one for your assessment.

Related tests

Intermediate math, mechanical reasoning, attention to detail (textual), verbal reasoning, problem solving, numerical reasoning, computational thinking, basic math calculations, understanding instructions, attention to detail (visual).

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A Critical Thinking test, also known as a critical reasoning test, determines your ability to reason through an argument logically and make an objective decision. You may be required to assess a situation, recognize assumptions being made, create hypotheses, and evaluate arguments.

What questions can I expect?

Questions are likely based on the Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal model, which contains five sections designed to assess how well an individual reasons analytically and logically. The five sections are:

Arguments : In this section, you are tested on your ability to distinguish between strong and weak arguments. For an argument to be strong, it must be both significant and directly related to the question. An argument is considered weak if it is not directly related to the question, of minor importance, or confuses correlation with causation, which is the incorrect assumption that correlation implies causation.

Assumptions : An assumption is something taken for granted. People often make assumptions that may not be correct. Being able to identify these is a key aspect of critical reasoning. A typical assumption question will present a statement and several assumptions, and you are required to identify whether an assumption has been made.

Deductions : Deduction questions require you to draw conclusions based solely on the information provided in the question, disregarding your own knowledge. You will be given a passage of information and must evaluate whether a conclusion made from that passage is valid.

Interpretation : In these questions, you are given a passage of information followed by a proposed conclusion. You must consider the information as true and decide whether the proposed conclusion logically and undoubtedly follows.

Inferences : Inference involves drawing conclusions from observed or supposed facts. It is about deducing information that is not explicitly stated but implied by the given information. For example, if we find a public restroom door locked, we infer that it is occupied.

Critical Thinking example:

Read the following statement and decide whether the conclusion logically follows from the information given.

Statement: Every librarian at the city library has completed a master’s degree in Library Science. Sarah is a librarian at the city library.

Conclusion: Sarah has completed a master’s degree in Library Science.

Does this conclusion logically follow from the statement?

Answer Options:

Explanation: Select your answer to display explanation.

The statement establishes that every librarian at the city library has completed a master’s degree in Library Science. Since Sarah is identified as a librarian at this library, it logically follows that she has completed a master’s degree in Library Science. The conclusion is a direct inference from the given information.

Where are Critical thinking tests used?

Critical thinking tests are commonly used in educational institutions for admissions and assessments, particularly in courses requiring strong analytical skills. In the professional realm, they are a key component of the recruitment process for roles demanding problem-solving and decision-making abilities, and are also utilized in internal promotions and leadership development. Additionally, these tests are integral to professional licensing and certification in fields like law and medicine, and are employed in training and development programs across various industries.

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Critical Thinking Practice Test

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Introduction

Critical Thinking Tests are a powerful tool used by educational institutions and employers to evaluate an individual’s ability to think critically and analytically. These tests measure your capacity to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions, focusing on how you think rather than what you know.

Key facts about Critical Thinking Tests include:

• Purpose: They assess your ability to evaluate, understand, and analyze information, testing your capacity to think logically and make informed decisions.
• Skills Measured: These tests measure cognitive abilities including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation.
• Format: The tests typically consist of multiple-choice questions based on passages, diagrams, or other forms of data.
• Question Types: They include judging inferences, recognizing assumptions, deduction, interpretation of information, evaluation of arguments, examining definitions, and judging credibility.
• Validity: Studies up to 2021 have shown these tests to be a valid and reliable measure of critical thinking skills, with a moderate validity coefficient of around 0.3 to 0.4.
• Usage: As of 2021, over 20,000 educational institutions and businesses worldwide use Critical Thinking Tests.
• Duration: These tests typically last between 45 to 60 minutes.

Remember, the goal of these tests is to measure your ability to reason, make judgments, and solve problems. They are a testament to your thinking prowess, not your knowledge of specific content.

Did you know?

Critical Thinking Tests, while primarily multiple-choice, often include sections that require written responses, adding a qualitative dimension to the quantitative scoring. Successful test-takers typically exhibit strong problem-solving skills, a keen eye for detail, and an ability to think logically under time pressure.

The tests are usually administered online, making them accessible and convenient. Employers use the results not only to assess a candidate’s critical thinking skills, but also to predict job performance, as studies have shown a correlation between high test scores and workplace success.

Critical Thinking Navigation Pad

Question types explained, preparation strategies, test features, technical facts, results scale & interpretations, frequently asked questions, administration, test provider, critical thinking questions types.

Critical Thinking Tests encompass a variety of question types, each designed to assess different aspects of your critical thinking skills. Here’s an overview of the question types you’ll encounter:

• Judging Inferences: These questions assess your ability to draw logical conclusions from a given set of information. You’ll need to use your analytical skills to infer the most likely outcome based on the data provided.
• Recognizing Assumptions: These questions test your ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements. This requires a keen eye for detail and the ability to distinguish between explicit information and implicit assumptions.
• Deduction: Deduction questions measure your ability to apply general rules to specific situations. You’ll need to use logical reasoning to deduce the correct answer from the information given.
• Interpretation of Information: These questions evaluate your ability to understand and interpret complex information. You’ll need strong comprehension skills to accurately interpret the data and draw conclusions.
• Evaluation of Arguments: These questions assess your ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments. This requires an understanding of logical reasoning and the ability to identify flaws in arguments.
• Examining Definitions: These questions test your ability to understand and apply definitions. You’ll need to use your comprehension and analytical skills to correctly apply the definitions to different scenarios.
• Judging Credibility: These questions measure your ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements. This requires a critical eye and the ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information.

Critical Thinking Tests are composed of various question types, each designed to assess a specific aspect of your critical thinking abilities. The table below provides a concise summary of each question type and the skills necessary to excel in them.

Each of these question types requires a different set of skills, but all of them are rooted in the ability to think critically and analytically. In the following sections, we’ll delve deeper into each question type and provide strategies for tackling them effectively.

Judging Inferences Questions

Judging Inferences questions are a common component of Critical Thinking Tests. They assess your ability to draw logical conclusions from a given set of information. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you tackle these questions effectively:

Understanding the Question Type

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a statement or a set of facts. Your task is to infer what could be true based on this information. The key here is to avoid making assumptions that aren’t supported by the facts given.

Skills Required

To excel in these questions, you need strong analytical skills and the ability to think logically. You must be able to sift through the information, identify the relevant details, and use these details to draw a logical conclusion.

Strategies for Success

• Read Carefully: Start by reading the given information carefully. Make sure you understand what is being stated before you attempt to draw any conclusions.
• Identify Relevant Information: Not all information provided will be relevant to the inference. Learn to distinguish between necessary details and extraneous information.
• Avoid Assumptions: Only make inferences based on the information given. Avoid bringing in outside knowledge or making assumptions that aren’t directly supported by the facts.
• Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to draw your conclusions. If the given information suggests a certain outcome, that’s the inference you should make.
• Practice: Like any other skill, your ability to make accurate inferences will improve with practice. Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills.

Remember, the key to success in Judging Inferences questions is to base your conclusions solely on the information provided, avoiding assumptions and using logical reasoning to guide your thought process. With careful reading, logical thinking, and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Judging Inferences Sample Question

A worldwide study shows that there are behavioral shifts among consumers. 41% said that they are “increasingly looking for ways to save money.” Consumers are largely brand-loyal but shop around for the best prices. Only 12% of consumers have traded-down to buy cheaper brands (such as bottled water), with 11% trading up (with products such as cosmetics). There has been a big shift towards online shopping. 

Proposed inference:

Not all consumer behavior is concerned with saving money.

• Probably true
• Insufficient data
• Probably false

Answer: True This inference can be drawn from the evidence that “Consumers are largely brand-loyal.” The inferential link between the words “largely brand-loyal” and “not all” emphasizes how this inference can be seen as true. It would cease to be true if the inference was given as “All consumer behavior is concerned with making money.”

Recognizing Assumptions Questions

Recognizing Assumptions questions are another key component of Critical Thinking Tests. They evaluate your ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a statement or argument. Your task is to identify any assumptions that the statement or argument is based on. Assumptions are beliefs or ideas that are taken for granted but not explicitly stated.

To excel in these questions, you need a keen eye for detail and the ability to distinguish between explicit information and implicit assumptions. You also need to understand the logic of arguments and how assumptions can underpin them.

• Read Carefully: Start by reading the statement or argument carefully. Make sure you understand it fully before trying to identify any assumptions.
• Understand the Argument: Break down the argument into its constituent parts. Identify the claim being made and the evidence provided to support it.
• Identify the Gap: Look for gaps between the claim and the evidence. These gaps are often filled by assumptions.
• Question the Argument: Ask yourself what needs to be true for the argument to hold. The answers to this question are likely the assumptions.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your ability to recognize assumptions. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at spotting them.

Remember, the key to success in Recognizing Assumptions questions is to read carefully, understand the argument, and look for gaps between the claim and the evidence. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Recognizing Assumptions Sample Question

The main justification for taxation is to raise money to increase public welfare rather than to limit the choices available for private spending.

Proposed assumption: 

Choices made by private spending will not maximize public welfare. 

• Assumption made
• Assumption not made

Answer: Assumption made This must be presupposed since, if the main justification for taxation is to increase public welfare, then it must be believed that private spending would not do this to the same degree.

Deduction Questions

Deduction questions form an integral part of Critical Thinking Tests. They measure your ability to apply general rules to specific situations. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you master these questions:

In Deduction questions, you’ll be given a general rule or principle, followed by a specific scenario. Your task is to determine whether the scenario adheres to the rule or principle.

To excel in these questions, you need strong logical reasoning skills. You must be able to understand the general rule and accurately apply it to the specific scenario.

• Understand the Rule: Start by understanding the general rule or principle. Make sure you comprehend it fully before moving on to the scenario.
• Apply the Rule: Next, apply the rule to the specific scenario. Determine whether the scenario follows the rule or violates it.
• Avoid Assumptions: Don’t make assumptions that aren’t supported by the rule. Stick strictly to the rule as it’s presented.
• Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to guide your decision. If the scenario logically follows from the rule, then it adheres to it. If not, it violates the rule.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your deduction skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at applying general rules to specific scenarios.

Remember, the key to success in Deduction questions is to understand the rule, apply it logically to the scenario, and avoid making unsupported assumptions. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle Deduction questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Deduction Sample Question

Some economic predictions are accurate for the short-term. All economic predictions that are accurate for the short-term are inaccurate for the long-term. Therefore…

Proposed conclusion:

No economic predictions are accurate for the long-term. 

• Conclusion follows
• Conclusion does not follow

Answer: The conclusion does not follow The conclusion does not follow since we cannot identify from the statements whether there are any economic predictions that are accurate for the long-term. If we look at the structure of the statements in a simplified form, we get “Some A are B. All B are C.” A logical conclusion to this will be “So some A are C.” Looking at this suggested conclusion in terms of the simplified structure, we see that this would not fit, since it would have to be “No A are D.”

Interpretation of Information Questions

Interpretation of Information questions are a significant part of Critical Thinking Tests. They evaluate your ability to understand and interpret complex information. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you excel in these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a complex piece of information, which could be a passage, a graph, a table, or any other form of data. Your task is to interpret this information accurately and answer questions based on your interpretation.

To excel in these questions, you need strong comprehension skills and the ability to interpret data in various forms. You also need to be able to draw logical conclusions based on your interpretation.

• Read/Analyze Carefully: Start by carefully reading or analyzing the given information. Make sure you understand it fully before attempting to answer any questions.
• Identify Key Points: Look for the key points in the information. These will often form the basis of the questions.
• Interpret Accurately: Use your comprehension skills to interpret the information accurately. Be careful not to misinterpret or misunderstand the data.
• Answer Based on Information: When answering questions, base your answers strictly on the information given. Avoid bringing in outside knowledge or making assumptions.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your interpretation skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at interpreting complex information.

Remember, the key to success in Interpretation of Information questions is to read or analyze the information carefully, interpret it accurately, and base your answers strictly on the given information. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Interpretation of Information Sample Question

Economic forecasters tend to perform well with three to four-month predictions, but become much less successful beyond this timescale, especially with 22 months or more. The biggest errors occur ahead of economic contractions. This is because, though economies normally have steady but slow growth, when they contract, they do so sharply.

Short-term forecasts (up to four months) of an economy’s performance are normally accurate except when the economy contracts. 

Answer: The conclusion follows

This is drawn from the evidence on the normal success of short-term forecasts (“Economic forecasters tend to perform well within three to four-month predictions”) and the reason for the lack of success when the economy contracts (“though economies normally have steady but slow growth, when they contract, they do so sharply”). In this way, the evidence is sufficient for this conclusion to be drawn beyond a reasonable doubt.

Evaluation of Arguments Questions

Evaluation of Arguments questions are a crucial part of Critical Thinking Tests. They assess your ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with an argument, which is a claim supported by evidence. Your task is to evaluate the strength of the argument, considering the validity of the claim and the quality of the supporting evidence.

To excel in these questions, you need an understanding of logical reasoning and the ability to identify flaws in arguments. You also need to be able to assess the quality and relevance of the evidence provided.

• Understand the Argument: Start by understanding the claim being made and the evidence provided to support it. Make sure you comprehend the argument fully before attempting to evaluate it.
• Assess the Evidence: Evaluate the quality and relevance of the evidence. Good evidence is reliable, relevant, and directly supports the claim.
• Identify Flaws: Look for any flaws in the argument. These could be logical fallacies, unsupported claims, or irrelevant evidence.
• Evaluate the Argument: Based on your assessment of the evidence and any flaws you’ve identified, evaluate the overall strength of the argument.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your argument evaluation skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at evaluating arguments.

Remember, the key to success in Evaluation of Arguments questions is to understand the argument, assess the evidence, identify any flaws, and evaluate the overall strength of the argument. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Evaluation of Arguments Sample Question

Should tax evasion and theft be seen as equivalent crimes?

No; most people who commit tax evasion wouldn’t also commit theft. 

• The Argument is strong
• The Argument is weak

Answer: Weak argument This doesn’t begin to address the issue since it doesn’t make any reference to the issue of equivalence. As a result, it does not provide a relevant reason.

Examining Definitions Questions

Examining Definitions questions are an integral part of Critical Thinking Tests. They test your ability to understand and apply definitions. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you master these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be given a definition and a set of scenarios or statements. Your task is to determine which scenarios or statements align with the given definition.

To excel in these questions, you need strong comprehension and analytical skills. You must be able to understand the definition and accurately apply it to different scenarios.

• Understand the Definition: Start by understanding the definition. Make sure you comprehend it fully before attempting to apply it.
• Apply the Definition: Apply the definition to each scenario or statement. Determine whether it aligns with the definition or contradicts it.
• Avoid Assumptions: Don’t make assumptions that aren’t supported by the definition. Stick strictly to the definition as it’s presented.
• Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to guide your decision. If the scenario logically aligns with the definition, then it fits. If not, it doesn’t.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your skills in examining definitions. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at applying definitions to different scenarios.

Remember, the key to success in Examining Definitions questions is to understand the definition, apply it logically to the scenarios, and avoid making unsupported assumptions. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle Examining Definitions questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Examining Definitions Sample Question

“Are you happy with your investment in ABC Holdings?” asked Frank.

“Very much so – it has been a good investment,” said Mary. “I invested in them five years ago and they have given a good return over a period when other investments have achieved much less.”

Of the following, which is the best way to state Mary’s notion of a good investment?

• A good investment is one that produces a higher than predicted return over a given period.
• A good investment is one that produces a higher return than other investments.
• A good investment is one that produces a high return over a period when other investments have not done so.

Answer: The correct answer is 3 This is because it refers to the necessary aspects of the way in which Mary explains her use of the term. It refers to the return as “high” which can be seen to cover her use of the word “good” (since a good return would be seen as a high return). It also refers to the return on investment as being better in relation to returns on other investments, which is another feature of the way in which Mary uses the term. (1) is incorrect. We cannot tell from the way in which Mary uses the term “good investment” whether or not the return on her investment had been predicted as being lower than that which was achieved. (2) is incorrect. Though this captures part of the way in which Mary uses the term “good investment,” it does not make reference to the point that ABC Holdings has done well during a time when other investments have not done so well. In this way, (2) is not sufficiently specific to fit with the way in which Mary uses the term.

Judging Credibility Questions

Judging Credibility questions are a significant part of Critical Thinking Tests. They measure your ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you excel in these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a source of information or a statement. Your task is to assess the credibility of the source or the likelihood of the statement being true.

To excel in these questions, you need a critical eye and the ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information. You also need to understand the factors that can affect credibility, such as the source’s expertise, bias, and reputation.

• Analyze the Source: Start by analyzing the source of the information. Consider the source’s expertise, bias, reputation, and any other factors that could affect its credibility.
• Evaluate the Statement: Evaluate the statement itself. Consider whether it’s logical, consistent with other known facts, and supported by evidence.
• Consider the Context: Consider the context in which the statement is made. The context can often provide clues about the statement’s credibility.
• Make a Judgment: Based on your analysis, make a judgment about the credibility of the source or the likelihood of the statement being true.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your skills in judging credibility. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at making these judgments.

Remember, the key to success in Judging Credibility questions is to analyze the source, evaluate the statement, consider the context, and make a reasoned judgment. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Judging Credibility Sample Questions

A research study on the language abilities of parrots has been running for a year. The head of the study, Dr. Polly Atkinson, has extensive experience in working on animal communication. She has recently published the first report on the research.

In the following question, two statements are given: (1) and (2). These statements are underlined and the source of them is given. You need to decide which of the two is the more believable but, if you think that neither one is more believable, then mark (3) as your answer.

(1) Parrots were able to use the majority of the words that they were taught (from “Parrots can talk better than young children” in an article based on the report by Dr. Atkins in “Modern Parenting,” a popular magazine). 

(2) The parrots could mimic a large proportion (83.8%) of the words that they were given over a period of 100 days (from an article by Dr. Atkins in the journal “Animal learning and behavior”).

(3) Neither statement is more believable.

Answer: The correct answer is 2 This is more believable than (1) since it comes from the named expert in this research study. Though (1) is “based on” this expert’s report, it could be that it isn’t an entirely correct interpretation of her findings, especially with the word “use” rather than “mimic” and the reference to parrots being able to “talk better than young children” which is both vague and ambiguous (and is not necessarily claimed by Dr. Atkins).

Preparation Strategies

Preparing for a Critical Thinking Test can seem daunting, but with the right strategies, you can approach the test with confidence and poise. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you prepare effectively:

1. Understand the Test Format: Start by familiarizing yourself with the format of the test. Understand the different types of questions and what each type assesses. This will help you know what to expect and avoid surprises on test day.

2. Practice Regularly: Regular practice is the key to success. Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills. This will not only improve your critical thinking abilities but also help you become familiar with the test format.

3. Review Your Answers: After completing a practice test, review your answers. Understand why you got a question right or wrong. This will help you identify your strengths and weaknesses and guide your preparation.

4. Develop Your Critical Thinking Skills: Critical thinking is a skill that can be developed. Engage in activities that challenge your thinking, such as reading complex material, solving puzzles, or discussing controversial topics.

5. Stay Informed: Stay informed about current events and broad topics. This will not only improve your general knowledge but also help you understand complex issues, which can be beneficial in answering some types of questions.

6. Take Care of Your Health: Good physical health can contribute to good mental performance. Ensure you get enough sleep, eat a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical activity.

7. Stay Calm: Test anxiety can affect your performance. Develop strategies to stay calm, such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness techniques.

This table presents some effective strategies for preparing for Critical Thinking Tests, along with a brief description and the benefit of each strategy.

Remember, preparing for a Critical Thinking Test is not just about cramming information. It’s about developing your critical thinking skills, understanding the test format, and practicing regularly. With these strategies, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle your Critical Thinking Test. And remember, the goal is not to assess what you know, but how you think. So, approach your preparation with an open mind, a willingness to learn, and a commitment to improving your thinking skills.

“The critical thinking test was definitely the hardest part of the application process. It was a lot of reading comprehension and logic puzzles. I had to really think about the questions and make sure I was understanding them correctly. I also had to be able to identify the assumptions and biases in the arguments. It was a challenge, but I’m glad I took the time to prepare for it.” Source: iPREP customer

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Test Features

Critical Thinking Tests are designed with specific features that allow them to effectively measure an individual’s critical thinking abilities. Here’s an overview of these main features:

Purpose-Driven Design

The design of Critical Thinking Tests is purpose-driven, aimed at assessing an individual’s ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions. The test doesn’t focus on what you know, but rather how you think, making it a valuable tool for educational institutions and employers alike.

Variety of Question Types

Critical Thinking Tests feature a variety of question types, each designed to assess a different aspect of critical thinking. From judging inferences and recognizing assumptions to evaluating arguments and judging credibility, each question type requires a unique set of skills and a different approach.

Time-Bound Assessment

These tests are typically time-bound, adding an element of time management to the skillset being assessed. This feature not only measures your critical thinking abilities but also your ability to perform under pressure.

Multiple-Choice Format

Most Critical Thinking Tests use a multiple-choice format, making them easy to administer and score. This format also allows for a wide range of question types and difficulty levels, providing a comprehensive assessment of your critical thinking skills.

Online Administration

Critical Thinking Tests are usually administered online, making them accessible to individuals worldwide. This feature also allows for immediate scoring and feedback, providing test-takers with valuable insights into their performance.

These features combine to make Critical Thinking Tests a comprehensive, accessible, and effective tool for assessing critical thinking skills. They are designed not just to test your abilities, but to provide you with valuable feedback that can help you improve your thinking skills and enhance your performance in various areas of life.

This table outlines the key skills that are typically assessed by Critical Thinking Tests, along with a brief description and the importance of each skill.

Common Critical Thinking Tests

There are several commonly used Critical Thinking Tests, each designed to measure critical thinking skills in a slightly different way. Here’s an overview of some of the most common ones:

• Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA): The WGCTA is one of the most widely used critical thinking tests, favored by many law firms and graduate schools. It measures critical thinking skills across five areas: inference, recognition of assumptions, deduction, interpretation, and evaluation of arguments. The test consists of 40 questions and takes about 30 minutes to complete.
• Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT): The CCTT is a multiple-choice test designed to measure critical thinking skills in students from grades 5 through 12, as well as adults. It assesses skills such as induction, deduction, credibility, identification of assumptions, and definition of terms. The test consists of 71 items and takes about 50 minutes to complete.
• California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST): The CCTST is designed to measure the core critical thinking skills identified as essential for educational and career success. It assesses skills such as analysis, inference, evaluation, induction, and deduction. The test consists of 34 items and takes about 45 minutes to complete.
• HEIghten Critical Thinking Assessment: This test, developed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), measures critical thinking skills in areas such as reasoning, analysis, and problem-solving. It is often used in higher education to assess the critical thinking skills of undergraduate students. The test consists of 36 items and takes about 45 minutes to complete.

This table provides a snapshot of some of the most common types of Critical Thinking Tests, including the test provider, the target audience, and the key features of each test.

Each of these tests offers a unique approach to measuring critical thinking skills, but all are designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of an individual’s ability to think critically and analytically.

“The critical thinking test was more about how you think than what you know. The questions were designed to test your ability to analyze information, identify patterns, and solve problems. There were a lot of reading comprehension questions, but there were also some logic puzzles and questions that required you to think outside the box. I found it to be a challenging but fair test.” Source: iPREP customer

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Technical Facts

Fast facts (tl;dr).

• Certainly, here’s a more concise version:
• Standardized scoring system.
• High reliability.
• Validated measurements.
• Strict security measures.
• Global accessibility.
• Online administration.
• Norm-referenced scores.
• Fair and unbiased design.
• Time limits.
• Randomized question order.

Critical Thinking Tests are designed with specific technical features that ensure their validity and reliability as assessment tools. Here’s a look at some of these key technical facts:

Standardized Scoring

Critical Thinking Tests use standardized scoring systems, which means that your score is compared to a norm group to determine your relative performance. This allows for a fair comparison of scores across different individuals and groups.

High Reliability

These tests are designed to be highly reliable, meaning that they produce consistent results over time. This is achieved through careful test design and rigorous testing of the test itself before it’s used in a real-world setting.

Critical Thinking Tests have been shown to have high validity, meaning that they accurately measure what they’re intended to measure – in this case, critical thinking skills. This is confirmed through extensive research and statistical analysis.

Test Security

To ensure the integrity of the test, strict security measures are often in place. These may include time limits, randomized question order, and secure online testing platforms.

Accessibility

Critical Thinking Tests are designed to be accessible to a wide range of individuals. They are typically available in multiple languages and can be taken online, making them accessible to individuals worldwide.

Norm-Referenced

Scores on Critical Thinking Tests are typically norm-referenced, meaning they are compared to the scores of a norm group (a representative sample of the population). This allows for a meaningful interpretation of individual scores.

These technical facts underscore the robustness and reliability of Critical Thinking Tests as tools for assessing an individual’s critical thinking skills. They are designed not just to test your abilities, but to do so in a way that is fair, reliable, and valid.

“It was a lot of different types of questions, but they all seemed to be designed to test your critical thinking skills. There were questions about logic, reasoning, problem solving, and even some about ethics. I thought it was a good test because it really made me think about how I approach problems and make decisions.” Source: iPREP customer

Results Scale and Interpretations

Understanding the scoring and interpretation of Critical Thinking Tests is crucial for both test-takers and those who use these tests for assessment. The score report provides a comprehensive view of an individual’s critical thinking abilities, with several components contributing to the overall picture.

Raw Score: The raw score is the most straightforward component of the score report. It’s simply the number of questions you answered correctly. While this gives a quick snapshot of how well you did, it doesn’t provide much context, which is where the other components come in.

Percentile Ranking: The percentile ranking compares your score to a norm group, which is a representative sample of the population. For example, if your percentile ranking is 70, it means you scored higher than 70% of the individuals in the norm group. This gives a clearer picture of your performance relative to others.

Sub-Scores: Some Critical Thinking Tests provide sub-scores for different question types or skill areas. These can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses. For example, you might have a high sub-score in “Evaluation of Arguments” but a lower one in “Recognizing Assumptions.”

Score Range: The score range provides context for your raw score. It shows the lowest and highest possible scores on the test. This can help you understand where your score falls on the spectrum of possible scores.

Other Score Dimensions: Some tests may provide additional score dimensions, such as a confidence interval (which gives a range within which your true score likely falls) or a growth scale value (which measures your progress over time if you take the test multiple times).

For example, a test might have a score range of 0-100, with sub-scores for different skill areas. A candidate who scores 75 overall, with sub-scores of 80 in “Evaluation of Arguments” and 70 in “Recognizing Assumptions,” would be in the 75th percentile if the average score for the norm group is 50. This would indicate that the candidate has strong critical thinking skills overall, with particular strength in evaluating arguments.

The score report can be a valuable tool for assessing a candidate’s ability to perform tasks that require critical thinking. By looking at the overall score, percentile ranking, and sub-scores, you can get a comprehensive view of the candidate’s critical thinking abilities.

This table provides a snapshot of how a score report from a Critical Thinking Test might look, along with explanations of each score component. By understanding these components, you can gain a deeper understanding of your critical thinking abilities and how they compare to others. This can guide your preparation for future tests and help you develop your critical thinking skills more effectively.

In conclusion, the score report from a Critical Thinking Test provides a multifaceted view of an individual’s critical thinking abilities. By understanding the different components of the score report, you can gain a deeper understanding of your strengths, areas for improvement, and how your abilities compare to others. This can guide your preparation for future tests and help you develop your critical thinking skills more effectively.

“The questions were very open-ended and there wasn’t always a clear right or wrong answer. I had to really think about the questions and come up with my own arguments. I also had to be careful not to make any assumptions or leaps of logic. It was a challenge, but I’m glad I took the time to prepare for it.” Source: iPREP customer

A Critical Thinking Test is an assessment tool designed to measure an individual’s ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions. It doesn’t focus on what you know, but rather how you think.

A Critical Thinking Test measures a range of skills, including the ability to draw inferences, recognize assumptions, evaluate arguments, and interpret information. It also assesses your ability to apply general rules to specific situations and judge the credibility of sources.

Most Critical Thinking Tests are multiple-choice and are administered online. They typically include a variety of question types, each designed to assess a different aspect of critical thinking.

Critical Thinking Tests use a standardized scoring system. Your raw score (the number of questions you answered correctly) is often compared to a norm group to determine your percentile ranking. Some tests also provide sub-scores for different skill areas.

Employers use Critical Thinking Test scores to assess a candidate’s ability to think critically and make sound decisions. High scores can indicate that a candidate has strong problem-solving skills and the ability to handle complex tasks.

Preparation strategies include understanding the test format, practicing regularly with sample questions and practice tests, reviewing your answers to understand your strengths and weaknesses, and developing your critical thinking skills through activities that challenge your thinking.

No, the questions on a Critical Thinking Test are designed to be answered based on the information provided in the test. You should not bring in outside knowledge or make assumptions that aren’t supported by the information given.

Yes, most Critical Thinking Tests are timed. This adds an element of time management to the skills being assessed.

Policies on retaking a test vary by test provider. Some may allow retakes after a certain period, while others may not. It’s best to check with the test provider or the organization administering the test.

If you don’t do as well as you’d hoped on a Critical Thinking Test, don’t be discouraged. Use it as a learning experience. Review your answers, identify areas for improvement, and focus on developing your critical thinking skills. With practice and preparation, you can improve your performance on future tests.

Critical Thinking Test Tips

• Understand the Question: Before you start answering, make sure you fully understand what the question is asking. Misinterpreting the question is a common mistake that can lead to incorrect answers.
• Manage Your Time: Keep an eye on the clock. Don’t spend too much time on a single question. If you’re stuck, it’s better to make an educated guess and move on rather than waste valuable time.
• Read All Options: Even if you think you’ve found the correct answer, read all the options. There might be another option that is more correct or complete.
• Use Process of Elimination: If you’re unsure of the answer, use the process of elimination to narrow down your options. This can increase your chances of choosing the correct answer.
• Stay Calm: Test anxiety can affect your performance. Use relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, to stay calm and focused during the test.
• Check Your Work: If you have time left at the end of the test, go back and check your answers. Make sure you didn’t make any careless mistakes or misread any questions.
• Trust Your Instincts: Your first instinct is often correct. If you’re torn between two answers, it’s usually best to stick with your initial choice.

Remember, the key to success on a Critical Thinking Test is not just your critical thinking skills, but also your test-taking strategy. By understanding the questions, managing your time effectively, considering all options, using the process of elimination, staying calm, checking your work, and trusting your instincts, you can maximize your performance on the test.

• Test Location: Critical Thinking Tests are typically administered online, allowing you to take the test from any location with a stable internet connection.
• Test Schedule: The test schedule can vary depending on the test provider or the organization administering the test. Some tests may be scheduled for specific dates and times, while others may allow you to choose a convenient time.
• Test Format: Most Critical Thinking Tests are computerized and use a multiple-choice format. This makes the test easy to administer and score.
• Test Materials: Since the test is typically administered online, you won’t need to bring any physical materials like pen and paper. However, you might want to have scratch paper and a pen handy for making notes or working out problems.
• Cost: The cost of taking a Critical Thinking Test can vary. Some employers or educational institutions may cover the cost of the test. If you’re taking the test independently, you’ll need to check the cost with the test provider.
• Retake Policy: The policy for retaking a Critical Thinking Test can vary by test provider. Some may allow you to retake the test after a certain period, while others may limit the number of retakes. It’s best to check the retake policy with the test provider or the organization administering the test.

Test Provider

Critical Thinking Tests are provided by several reputable organizations, each with its unique approach to assessing critical thinking skills. Two of the most prominent providers are Pearson and Insight Assessment.

Pearson, a multinational publishing and education company, is the provider of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), one of the most widely used critical thinking tests. Established in the UK in 1844, Pearson has grown into a global company with a presence in over 70 countries. The WGCTA, known for its rigorous assessment of critical thinking skills, is used by many law firms and graduate schools worldwide.

Insight Assessment, a US-based company, is another leading provider of critical thinking tests. Established in 1986, Insight Assessment has a global reach, providing tests in multiple languages and across various sectors, including education, business, health, and defense. Their top product, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), is recognized for its comprehensive assessment of core critical thinking skills and is widely used in higher education and professional fields.

Information Sources

• Insight Assessment
• Educational Testing Service (ETS)
• The Critical Thinking Co.
• Cambridge Assessment

Disclaimer  – All the information and prep materials on iPrep are genuine and were created for tutoring purposes. iPrep is not affiliated with publishers of Critical Thinking tests.

Free Critical Thinking practice test: Get to know the most common types of questions in Critical Thinking Assessment Tests. Practice with these sample questions:

Question 1 of 7

First Type – Inference

A worldwide study shows that there are behavioral shifts among consumers. 41% said that they are “increasingly looking for ways to save money.” Consumers are largely brand loyal but shop around for the best prices. Only 12% of consumers have traded down to buy cheaper brands (such as bottled water), with 11% trading up (with products such as cosmetics). There has been a big shift towards online shopping.

Inference: Consumers who are brand loyal are less likely than those who aren’t to look for ways to save money.

• Probably True
• Insufficient Data
• Probably False

The correct answer is Probably False.

The third sentence gives evidence that, although “consumers are largely brand-loyal,” they also “shop around for the best prices.” Together, these two pieces of evidence make it not probable that brand-loyal customers “are less likely than those who aren’t to look for ways to save money.” At one level, you could say that this is an example of insufficient data, but this category applies when the evidence is simply insufficient (very often, it’s completely absent). Here the evidence is sufficient to understand that it makes this inference a “probably false” one.

Question 2 of 7

Second Type – Recognition of Assumptions

Statement: “It’s clear that there will be an exponential speed-up of AI performance, with a correspondingly huge impact on business strategy.”

Proposed Assumption: The greater the speed of AI performance, the bigger the impact is on business strategy.

This assumption is made.

The relationship between AI performance and the impact on business strategy in the statement is such that the faster AI performance increases, the greater the impact on strategy must be. This can be seen if one looks at the original statement together with the negative version of the assumption.

“It’s clear that there will be an exponential speed-up of AI performance, with a correspondingly huge impact on business strategy.”

The greater the speed of AI performance, the  less  is the impact on business strategy.

As can be seen, this negative version does not fit at all with the statement, showing that the assumption must be made.

Question 3 of 7

Third Type – Deduction

Premises: All companies use ways to maximize their profits. Some companies use profit-sharing plans; such plans help to retain staff. Retaining staff is a way to maximize a company’s profits. Therefore…

Conclusion: Not all profit-maximizing companies retain staff.

This conclusion follows the premises.

In the diagram below, “A” represents all the profit-maximizing ways; hence, it represents all the companies because according to the first premise, “All companies use ways to maximize their profits.”

The next premises create a link between profiting-sharing plans, retaining staff, and maximizing profits. “B” represents the portion of the companies that follow this mechanism of maximizing profits.

This inference can be drawn from the first premise (“All companies use ways to maximize their profits”) and the significance of the second and the third, which together allow the conclusion that there are profit-maximizing companies that do not retain staff.

Question 4 of 7

Fourth Type – Interpretation

According to a 2018 survey, 76% of the US population considers someone with an annual income of $10,000 to be “poor,” and 56% considers someone with an annual income of $100,000 to be “rich.” The majority of people saw the category of “neither rich nor poor” as including annual incomes from $40,000 to $80,000. Almost equal percentages saw someone with an income of $90,000 as “rich” or “neither rich nor poor.”

Conclusion: To be considered “rich” in the US, someone needs to have an income of at least ten times that of the poor.

This conclusion does not follow beyond a reasonable doubt from the premises.

This neither takes into account the possible percentages for those seen as “poor” in income groups other than $10,000, nor the lack of full agreement on whether an income of $100,000 means that someone is “rich.” As a result, the evidence is insufficient for this conclusion to be drawn beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 5 of 7

Fifth Type – Evaluation of Arguments

Question: Should tariffs on foreign goods be used as a way of protecting domestic jobs?

Argument: No; some domestic jobs are created as a result of importing foreign goods.

• Argument strong
• Argument weak

This argument is strong.

This provides both a relevant and important challenge to the question. If the focus is on the protection of domestic jobs, then risking the reduction of foreign imports through tariffs (by consequent price-increases) could reduce the number of jobs in some domestic industries.

Question 6 of 7

Sixth Type – Definition

“That’s an interesting piece of furniture,” said Anna.

“Interesting?” said Mike. “It’s more than interesting. It’s a real antique. It’s been made using a design that is well over 100 years old, using methods that are even older. You certainly don’t get craftsmanship like that anymore.”

“But does that make it an antique?” asked Anna.

Question: Of the following, which is the best way to state Mike’s notion of an antique?

• An antique is an item whose design and methods of construction are at least 100 years old and is no longer currently made to this level of skill.
• An antique is an item that was designed and made at least 100 years ago.
• An antique is an item that was made using methods not seen anymore and whose design is over 100 years old.

The correct answer is (A).

Mike sees an antique item as having three features: an at least 100 years old design, made according to methods that are older (so also covered by “at least 100 years old”), and the current absence of skills to make it. This definition covers all three of these features.

(B) is incorrect. Mike’s use of the term “antique” does not include the necessity of the item having been made at least 100 years ago.

(C) is incorrect. This includes two of the features of Mike’s use of the term (methods of construction no longer seen and design that is at least 100 years old), but it does not include the reference to the methods being at least 100 years old.

Question 7 of 7

Seventh Type – Credibility

Professor Whitman of the Food Research Laboratory (FRL) has been conducting research on the effectiveness of meal-replacement products in helping people lose weight. Interim results from his research have shown that, so far, Product A has not resulted in any significant weight loss in those who have used it, but that there was evidence of an up to 12.5% weight loss in those who used Product B.

In the following question, two statements are given: (A) and (B). These statements are underlined, and their sources are given. You need to decide which of the two is more believable but if you think that neither one is more believable, then mark (C) as your answer.

• One of the products we are testing has not resulted in any significant weight-loss (from a press release given by Professor Whitman)
• Product B has shown a more positive effect on weight loss than has Product A (stated by Professor Whitman in an interim report to the FRL research committee).
• Neither statement is more believable.

The correct answer is C.

Both (A) and (B) are accurate claims made by the same person based on the information given. Since there is no reason to question the credibility of either (A) or (B) (given their sources), this means that neither of them is more believable than the other.

You have completed the Sample Questions section.

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About the course

Welcome to iPrep’s  Critical Thinking  test preparation course.

This course will help you boost your skills and with it your confidence towards your upcoming test. The course will provide you with the following tools and benefits:

• You will become familiar with the most common five types of questions on critical thinking tests – Inference, Recognition of Assumptions, Deductions, Interpretations, and Evaluation of Arguments.
• You will be given a full-length 40-question simulation test. This simulation includes similar questions to those you will encounter in real tests with the same level of difficulty. It also has the same estimated time limit as normally exist in real tests. Experiencing the test’s time pressure will ensure it will not come as a surprise on test day.
• You will be provided with a great variety of helpful tips for the different types of questions. Some of the tips are in the guidance sections and additional ones in the detailed explanations that follow each question.

Learning hours

Practice tests

By the end of this course, you will be more knowledgeable and comfortable with critical thinking test questions – Knowledge and familiarity with the test are the two most significant factors that can help you maximize your score and improve your chances of success.

The course is comprised of two parts – guidance and the test simulations. In the guidance section, we will review each type of question, its purpose, and its underlying logical mechanism. You will also have a chance to practice several test-level questions before approaching the test simulation to get a feel for the challenge ahead.

Afterwards, you will proceed to the simulation test. Once done, you will be able to get full question explanations and even see how well you performed in comparison with other people who have taken the test.

Wishing you an enjoyable learning experience!

Skills you will learn

Recognition of Assumptions

Evaluation of Arguments

Drawing Conclusions

• Course Introduction
• Question Types Guidance
• Test-Taking Tips
• Full-Length Critical Thinking Test Simulations
• Course Conclusion

About the author

Dr. Roy van den Brink-Budgen

Co-founder and Director of Studies of the Centre for Critical Thinking

Dr. Roy van den Brink-Budgen has been working in the field of critical thinking for over thirty years. His experience has included the development of various assessments in critical thinking, and teaching the subject to a wide range of groups (students from primary to postgraduate, teachers from primary to college, juvenile offenders, and business managers). He has also written seven books on the subject, many journal articles, and online courses for secondary students and MBA students (as well as having produced a critical thinking card game). He has given presentations to various international conferences on critical thinking and creative thinking.

His work in critical thinking has taken him to many countries (including France, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, the UK, and Singapore – where he is the Director of Studies at the Centre for Critical Thinking). He serves as a consultant on critical thinking to PocketConfidant, an international company that is developing AI for personal coaching. In addition, he runs a company that provides various services in critical thinking – if…then ltd – based in the UK.

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November 17, 2023 at 9:52 PM

Very helpful course with helpful explanations when you get the answer wrong. I am grateful for this program. Hoping to ace the test!

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September 25, 2023 at 6:58 PM

I was honestly quite surprised that a lot of my responses were wrong. I am now able to think more in depth before selecting a choice.

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March 13, 2021 at 4:34 AM

i found it very helpful as it helped me to get clearer understanding of different concepts. Excellent material and information.

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February 14, 2021 at 10:37 PM

Glad I decided to take the course. It gives you great insight into taking a critical thinking test. Glad I invested in this. Thank you!

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January 2, 2021 at 5:12 AM

I feel way more prepared on my test than I ever did before. This program really went into depth on each explanation of the question and why the chosen answer was correct. I would reccomend this for anyone who is in need of preparation for a test with critical thinking or that sort. Great overall experience! Like the program said, you need to put in work to see results, but with the help of iPrep it can be achieved.

September 28, 2020 at 1:45 AM

This course is very well designed for both practicing and testing critical thinking skills. I have enjoyed taking the course, and gained a better understanding of my own current level of critical thing ability. I will use the test results to continue improving my critical thinking skills.

Stuti P*****

September 21, 2020 at 4:53 PM

I did use this practice session for my graduate school interview and I highly recommend this to anyone who are trying to ace their school admissions or their dream job interviews. The course format is effectively organized in a way which is easy to understand by giving real life scenario.

This is a free sample version of our critical thinking tests.

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Critical Thinking Test

Critical thinking is about people's ability to think rationally about a topic. It is specifically about their ability to analyze information, whether in textual, numerical, or graphical form, and make logical connections between ideas, drawing reliable and confident conclusions. The current test assesses a candidate's critical thinking skills across three general parts and five measurement areas. These were adapted based on a well-researched model as a common standard framework for measuring critical thinking: the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) measure. Recognizing Assumptions This part includes questions designed to assess a candidate's ability to analyze statements, understand what is being said, evaluate whether or not the information offered is valid, and whether or not evidence has been provided to back it up. Evaluating Arguments This part includes questions designed to assess a candidate's ability to analyze arguments and decide on their weakness or strength. It involves thoroughly examining all relevant facts rather than seeking information confirming a preferred point of view. Drawing Conclusions This part includes questions designed to assess a candidate's ability to analyze information, reach a logical, reliable, or sound conclusion (or inference), and determine whether or not the conclusions (or inferences) may be confidently drawn. The test is timed and in a multiple-choice format.

intermediate

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Because we use our own platform.

Yes, we use our own pre-employment assessment platform to build the best team possible. And our efforts have paid off: We've scaled our team to more than 50 fantastic members, testing more than 5,000 along the way. And that team has helped us become one of the premier pre-employment testing companies worldwide. (If only we could've tested our office dogs too; managing their behavior is a challenge!)

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Problems we solved

of employers admitted to making the mistake of hiring someone unsuitable for a job.

of businesses reported incurring losses of over $75,000 due to incorrect hiring decisions.

chance of a hiring manager making an incorrect hiring choice.

of businesses reported a decrease in output due to an unsuitable hire.

of unstructured job interviews are effective at predicting the best candidates.

Why does it happen?

hiring is difficult due to reliance on subjective, inconsistent opinions.

Which job roles require the Critical Thinking assessment?

Critical thinking assessments are crucial for job roles that require problem-solving and analytical skills. These tests are vital for pre-employment screening to ensure the hiring of competent candidates. Hirenest offers online critical thinking skill tests at an affordable price. Our aptitude tests include examples, questions, and answers, providing HR managers and hiring companies with valuable insights into a candidate's abilities during the interview process. Trust Hirenest for effective and cost-efficient assessments to make informed hiring decisions.

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Sample Test

Online critical thinking basic concepts sample test, part one: on the nature of critical thinking, q: critical thinking is essential to reasoning well through complicated issues..

•   True
•   False

Q: Critical thinking and creativity entail two distinctly different processes.

Q: one should not analyze sympathetically points of view that are revolting and obviously wrong., q: if a statement is irrelevant, we benefit by asking how it helps us answer the question at issue., q: inferences are implications embedded in a situation., q: critical thinkers are mainly concerned with assessing their own thinking, rather than the thinking of others, since their own thinking is the only thinking under their control., part two: on the nature of critical thinking, q: one main requirement of critical thinking is.

•   to articulate arguments as well as possible
•   to identify every aspect of another person’s thinking
•   to analyze thinking into its most basic components
•   all of the above
•   none of the above

Q: An important fact that supports the need for ananalytic dimension of critical thinking is that

•   people don’t typically recognize the importance of assessment in thinking
•   most people don’t think
•   the analysis of thinking is presupposed in every subject

Q: Critical thinkers assess thinking in order to

•   look carefully at the parts of thinking
•   adhere to the standards implicit in examinations
•   think at the highest level of quality

Q: Depth in reasoning best relates to

•   difficulties in the issue
•   logical implications
•   exemplifying the purpose.

Q: Fairminded thinking is

•   something most people strive to do.
•   primarily about having a good heart.
•   connected with the accurate assessment of one’s own reasoning.

Q: It is important to clarify thinking whenever

•   you are trying to determine whether something is relevant
•   you are formulating thoughts for a paper.
•   there are complexities in an issue.

Part Three: On Recognizing Important Distinctions in Critical Thinking

Q: perspective.

•   element
•   standard
•   trait
•   ability
•   obstacle

Q: sufficiency

Q: prejudice in thinking, q: intellectual sense of justice, q: socialism, q: narrowmindedness, q: completeness, q: clarifying issues, conclusions, or beliefs, help us continue our work.

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CRITICAL THINKING IS AT RISK.

Here are some of the big reasons why:

• Many people believe that critical thinking should be free and that scholars qualified to teach critical thinking should do so for free. Accordingly, they do not think they should have to pay for critical thinking textbooks, courses, or other resources when there is "so much free material online" - despite how erroneous that material may be.
• There are many misguided academicians, and some outright charlatans, pushing forth and capitalizing on a pseudo-, partial, or otherwise impoverished concept of critical thinking.
• Little to no funding is designated for critical thinking professional development in schools, colleges, or universities, despite the lip service widely given to critical thinking (as is frequently found in mission statements).
• Most people, including faculty, think they already know what critical thinking is, despite how few have studied it to any significant degree, and despite how few can articulate a coherent, accurate, and sufficiently deep explanation of it.
• People rarely exhibit the necessary level of discipline to study and use critical thinking for reaching higher levels of self-actualization. In part, this is due to wasting intellectual and emotional energy on fruitless electronic entertainment designed to be addictive and profitable rather than educational and uplifting.
• On the whole, fairminded critical thinking is neither understood, fostered, nor valued in educational institutions or societies.
• People are increasingly able to cluster themselves with others of like mind through alluring internet platforms that enable them to validate one another's thinking - even when their reasoning is nonsensical, lopsided, prejudiced, or even dangerous.
• Critical thinking does not yet hold an independent place in academia. Instead, "critical thinking" is continually being "defined" and redefined according to any academic area or instructor that, claiming (frequently unsupported) expertise, steps forward to teach it.

As you see, increasingly powerful trends against the teaching, learning, and practice of critical thinking entail extraordinary challenges to our mission. To continue our work, we must now rely upon your financial support. If critical thinking matters to you, please click here to contribute what you can today.

WE NEED YOUR HELP TO CONTINUE OUR WORK.

Thank you for your support of ethical critical thinking.