essay questions about eating disorders

Presentations made painless

• Get Premium

102 Eating Disorders Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Eating disorders are a serious mental health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. The pressure to conform to societal standards of beauty and the prevalence of diet culture can contribute to the development of disordered eating behaviors. If you are struggling to come up with a topic for your eating disorders essay, fear not! We have compiled a list of 102 eating disorders essay topic ideas and examples to inspire you.

• The role of social media in the development of eating disorders
• An analysis of the impact of diet culture on body image
• The correlation between trauma and disordered eating
• A comparison of different types of eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder)
• The portrayal of eating disorders in popular media
• The role of genetics in the development of eating disorders
• The connection between perfectionism and eating disorders
• Eating disorders in athletes: prevalence and risk factors
• The impact of weight stigma on individuals with eating disorders
• Eating disorders in marginalized communities: a discussion of disparities in access to treatment
• The relationship between eating disorders and substance abuse
• The role of family dynamics in the development and maintenance of eating disorders
• The impact of dieting on the development of eating disorders
• Eating disorders in men: challenges and misconceptions
• The connection between eating disorders and self-harm behaviors
• The role of peer pressure in the development of eating disorders
• The influence of cultural norms on body image and eating behaviors
• The effectiveness of different treatment approaches for eating disorders
• The impact of social isolation on individuals with eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and co-occurring mental health conditions
• The portrayal of eating disorders in literature and poetry
• The impact of weight bias in healthcare settings on individuals with eating disorders
• The role of trauma-informed care in the treatment of eating disorders
• The relationship between eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder
• The impact of childhood trauma on the development of eating disorders
• Eating disorders and gender identity: a discussion of intersectionality
• The role of mindfulness and meditation in the treatment of eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder
• The impact of diet culture on children and adolescents
• Eating disorders and pregnancy: challenges and considerations
• The role of peer support in the recovery from eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and sexual trauma
• The influence of the fashion industry on body image and eating behaviors
• Eating disorders in the LGBTQ+ community: unique challenges and barriers to treatment
• The role of weight restoration in the treatment of anorexia nervosa
• The impact of social comparison on individuals with eating disorders
• The relationship between eating disorders and attachment styles
• The role of cultural identity in the development of eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and body dissatisfaction
• The impact of dieting on metabolic health in individuals with eating disorders
• Eating disorders and the microbiome: exploring the gut-brain connection
• The influence of family meals on the development of healthy eating habits
• The role of exercise in the recovery from eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and perfectionism in academic settings
• The impact of weight cycling on individuals with binge eating disorder
• Eating disorders and infertility: understanding the biological mechanisms
• The relationship between eating disorders and sleep disturbances
• The role of trauma processing in the treatment of eating disorders
• The influence of cultural norms on body size and shape ideals
• Eating disorders and social anxiety: a discussion of comorbidity
• The connection between eating disorders and chronic pain conditions
• The impact of weight stigma on individuals with binge eating disorder
• The role of body acceptance in the recovery from eating disorders
• The relationship between eating disorders and chronic illness
• The connection between eating disorders and self-esteem
• The influence of family meal patterns on the development of disordered eating behaviors
• Eating disorders and academic performance: understanding the link
• The impact of social support on individuals with eating disorders
• The role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and executive functioning
• The influence of trauma history on the development of eating disorders
• Eating disorders and substance use disorders: exploring the relationship
• The impact of body checking behaviors on individuals with eating disorders
• The role of body image dissatisfaction in the development of eating disorders
• The connection between eating disorders and emotional regulation
• The influence of parental modeling on children's eating behaviors
• Eating disorders and body image in older adults: a discussion of age-related factors 68

Want to research companies faster?

Instantly access industry insights

Let PitchGrade do this for me

Leverage powerful AI research capabilities

We will create your text and designs for you. Sit back and relax while we do the work.

Explore More Content

• Privacy Policy
• Terms of Service

© 2024 Pitchgrade

• Distracted Driving Research Topics Topics: 64
• Distance Education Essay Topics Topics: 95
• Demography Paper Topics Topics: 100
• Cultural Competence Research Topics Topics: 75
• Credit Paper Topics Topics: 74
• Civil Rights Movement Paper Topics Topics: 113
• Cardiovascular Diseases Essay Topics Topics: 75
• Capital Punishment Essay Topics Topics: 65
• Canterbury Tales Topics Topics: 90
• Benjamin Franklin Paper Topics Topics: 81
• Antigone Topics Topics: 104
• Alcoholism Essay Topics Topics: 99
• Airport Paper Topics Topics: 95
• Adulthood Research Topics Topics: 105
• Women's Rights Research Topics Topics: 140

103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on eating disorders, 📚 eating disorders research paper examples, 👍 good eating disorders research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting eating disorders research titles, 💡 simple eating disorders essay ideas, ❓ eating disorder research questions.

• Essay on Eating Disorders in Adolescents
• Eating Disorders: Types and Causes
• “The Globalization of Eating Disorders” by Susan Bordo
• Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
• Eating Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Treatment of Eating Disorders
• Effect of Social-cultural Factors on Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms, Treatment One of the types of eating disorders is anorexia nervosa, which is widely spread nowadays, especially among young girls and women.
• Normal Dieting and Eating Disorders Healthy dieting behaviors are essential for people’s health and well-being. This paper discusses the difference between normal dieting and eating disorders.
• Anorexia Nervosa: Treatment of Eating Disorders The main goal of treatment for patients with anorexia nervosa is to restore healthy nutrition, which cannot be achieved through pharmacological treatment.
• Behavioral Addictions: Gambling, Eating Disorders, Shopping Gambling, shopping, and internet addiction are complicated issues that can be difficult to handle owing to a variety of economic and political variables.
• Psychosocial Risk Factors for Eating Disorders by Keel and Forney Idealization of thinness and subsequent issues with body image and weight are emphasized by Keel and Forney in the findings.
• The Impact of Media on Eating Disorders Media and celebrities need to recognize their role in projecting body image and influencing people. Some advertisements can harm the younger generation.
• Anorexia Nervosa Among Eating Disorders in Adolescence Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an incessant desire to be thin, hence the unhealthy eating behaviors that include starving.
• Eating Disorders and Therapeutic Support Eating disorders are significant mental and physical diseases that entail complicated and harmful interactions with food, feeding, exercising, and self-image.
• Eating Disorders Among Athletes The pressure from the necessity to become successful is one of the major factors contributing to the emergence and development of eating disorders in athletes.
• Social Control in Eating Disorders The need for food is a basic need aimed at maintaining homeostasis and obtaining the energy and nutrients necessary for life.
• Anorexia Nervosa & Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both eating disorders; due to the peculiarities of the course of disorders, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish them.
• Eating Disorders and Programs That Address Body Image Issues The paper states that excessive weight and disordered eating are significant public health issues in America and other western countries.
• The Scoff Questionnaire: Risk of Eating Disorders The paper discusses a method to identify children at risk of eating disorders. The children were provided with both relevant referrals and treatment.
• Eating Disorders and Social Interactions The paper indicates that social surroundings can make people feel insecure and push towards the development of eating disorders.
• Eating Disorders: Finding the Right Treatment An eating disorder is becoming a significant health concern among people. There are many factors connected to the root cause of eating behavior.
• Eating Disorders: “Out of Control?” by Claes et al. The study “Out of control?” by Claes et al. aims to investigate variations between restrictive and bingeing/ purging eating disorders.
• Food Allergies and Eating Disorders Along with food allergies, mental health disorders are widely spread diseases. Eating disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating, are common among young women.
• Media Effects on Eating Disorder Symptoms In terms of modern technology-based society, media exposure has significantly increased its influence and role in the lives of its large audience.
• Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis and Procedural Plan The patient has been showing the tendency to vomit after every instance of food intake, which is the primary sign of bulimia nervosa.
• Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorders in Children In both OCD and ED, developmental milestones are crucial to consider because they can help indicate points of positive versus adverse health.
• Swan’s Case as an Example of an Eating Disorder Being focused on success in ballet and becoming a recognized dancer, Swan demonstrates anxiety because of the possible weight gain.
• Teen Anorexia: Mental Illness and an Eating Disorder Adolescents have increasingly been diagnosed with anorexia. They often have a nervous type of pathology, which is a psychological illness and is accompanied by an eating disorder.
• Eating Disorders in Adult Women This paper discusses eating disorders in adult women and treatment alternatives to reverse the health care challenge, which is threatening the health of this group.
• Orthorexia as an Eating Disorder in the DSM Adequate nutrition ensures quality of life, including the level of health and the body’s ability to cope with physical, mental, and psycho-emotional stress.
• Eating Disorders Like Bulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Though the loss of weight might be a positive aspect of healthy diets, people with orthorexia Nervosa do not have a disordered body image nor a determination for thinness.
• Binge Eating Disorder: Information for Patients The paper highlights Binge-eating disorder as a serious eating disorder in which you frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating.
• Genetic Factors as the Cause of Anorexia Nervosa Genetic predisposition currently seems the most plausible explanation among all the proposed etiologies of anorexia.
• Orthorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Orthorexia nervosa is becoming a serious problem for the patient’s physical and psychological health, hence the attention of nutritionists should be focused on studying this disorder.
• The Problem of Anorexia Among College Students Anorexia nervosa and eating disorders in college students and adolescents are the problems that require immediate intervention.
• Eating Disorders: Why Do We Need to Control Our Nutrition? People with confirmed diagnoses of eating disorders need qualified help from specialists since neglecting a healthy diet is fraught with dangerous health outcomes.
• Anorexia Nervosa: History, Diagnosis and Treatment Anorexia nervosa among the eating disorders which is considered in the psychiatric illness. There are categories that have been advanced in the diagnosis of this illness.
• Plausible Causes for Male Eating Disorders These days, however, things have changed significantly and out of five million Americans who suffer from eating disorders each year the percentage of males is tangible.
• Anorexia Nervosa as a Brain Disorder Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an uncontrollable desire to be thin, low weight, food restrictions, and a fear of gaining pounds.
• Anorexia Nervosa, Its Etiology and Treatment One of the eating disorders that affect a significant number of young individuals nowadays is anorexia nervosa.
• Anorexia Nervosa: Perspectives and Treatment The purpose of this paper is to review the causes of anorexia nervosa and to propose a treatment plan for patients experiencing this health problem.
• Anorexia Nervosa: Psychological and Physiological Therapy The design of therapy of anorexia nervosa needs to incorporate both psychological and biological components so the patient could resume proper dieting and gain weight.
• Inpatients’ Eating Disorders and Countermeasures This paper explores the efficacy of meal supervision, patient and nurse education as the tools for improving the efficacy of nutrition, and enhancing patient outcomes.
• Eating Disorders in Adult Population The major part of this paper is the design of the group proposal about group therapy and its application in the eating disorder in adult population.
• Theoretical and Methodological Considerations for Research on Eating Disorders and Gender
• Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders Among Different Cultures
• Causes, Effects, and Solutions to Eating Disorders
• Adonis Complex Eating Disorders
• Are Eating Disorders Really About Food
• Eating Disorders and the Treatment Applicable Effectiveness
• Linking Eating Disorders With Genetics
• Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders
• Nutrition Intervention for Eating Disorders
• Photoshopping Images and How It Impacts Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders and Its Effects on the Lives and Relationships
• The Correlation Between Social Media and The Development of Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders Affecting American Women
• How And Why People Develop Eating Disorders
• Theories Behind Eating Disorders: Negative Impact on Young Youth
• Examining Eating Disorders and Social Learning Theory to Draw Useful Conclusions
• Hidden Eating Disorders During Bodybuilding
• Eating Disorders and Methods of Its Treatment
• The Relationship Between Ghrelin and Eating Disorders
• Body Image and Eating Disorders Among Young Ballerinas
• Eating Disorders Are Common Among American Children
• Fashion Triggers Eating Disorders
• Bulimia and Anorexia: The Dangers of Eating Disorders
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders
• The Three Major Eating Disorders in the United States
• Childhood Factors and Eating Disorders Symptoms
• Causes and Analysis of Eating Disorders and The Theory of Social Learning
• The Prevalence and Causes of Eating Disorders in the United States
• The Role Of Social Identity In Eating Disorder
• Why Do Athletes Struggle With Eating Disorders?
• What Is the Connection Between Body Image and Eating Disorders?
• Can Affirmations End Binge Eating Disorder?
• Do People With Eating Disorders See Themselves Differently?
• What Is Eating Disorder Most Common Among College Students?
• How Does Beauty Standards Cause Eating Disorders?
• Why Is Looking in the Mirror So Hard for People With Eating Disorders?
• Do Athletes Struggle With Eating Disorders?
• How Can a Patient Overcome an Eating Disorder?
• Which Personality Trait Is Linked to Eating Disorders?
• Can You Control if You Have an Eating Disorder?
• What Kinds of Medicine Are Helpful to Patients With Eating Disorders?
• Do Eating Disorders Have a Genetic Link?
• Which Eating Disorder Is Most Likely to Be Helped by Antidepressants?
• Can Perfectionism Translate Into Eating Disorder?
• What Interpersonal Factors Can Cause Eating Disorders?
• Is Clinical Depression Associated With Eating Disorders?
• What Are the Four Main Psychological Emotional States That Associated With Eating Disorders?
• Which Personality Type Is Most Likely to Have an Eating Disorder?
• Can Stress Cause Eating Disorders and Depression?
• Why Might There Be a Strong Connection Between Eating Disorders and Depression?
• Which Eating Disorder Has the Highest Mortality?
• Do Females Have the Same Rates of Eating Disorders as Males?
• What Is the Most Important Part of Treating Eating Disorders?
• How Does Social Media Influence the Prevalence of Eating Disorders?

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2022, May 10). 103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/eating-disorders-essay-topics/

"103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics." StudyCorgi , 10 May 2022, studycorgi.com/ideas/eating-disorders-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2022) '103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics'. 10 May.

1. StudyCorgi . "103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics." May 10, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/eating-disorders-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics." May 10, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/eating-disorders-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "103 Eating Disorders Essay Topics." May 10, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/eating-disorders-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Eating Disorders were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on June 21, 2024 .

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Public Health Issues — Eating Disorders

Essay Examples on Eating Disorders

What makes a good eating disorders essay topic.

When it comes to selecting a topic for your eating disorders essay, it's crucial to consider a multitude of factors that can elevate your writing to new heights. Below are some innovative suggestions on how to brainstorm and choose an essay topic that will captivate your readers:

• Brainstorm : Begin by unleashing a storm of ideas related to eating disorders. Delve into the various facets, such as causes, effects, treatment options, societal influences, and personal narratives. Ponder upon what intrigues you and what will engage your audience.
• Research : Embark on a comprehensive research journey to accumulate information and gain a profound understanding of the subject matter. This exploration will enable you to identify distinctive angles and perspectives to explore in your essay. Seek out scholarly sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites.
• Cater to your audience : Reflect upon your readers and their interests to tailor your topic accordingly. Adapting your subject matter to captivate your audience will undoubtedly make your essay more engaging. Consider the age, background, and knowledge level of your readers.
• Unveil controversies : Unearth the controversies and debates within the realm of eating disorders. Opting for a topic that ignites discussion will infuse your essay with thought-provoking and impactful qualities. Delve into various viewpoints and critically analyze arguments for and against different ideas.
• Personal connection : If you possess a personal connection or experience with eating disorders, contemplate sharing your story or delving into it within your essay. This will add a unique and personal touch to your writing. However, ensure that your personal anecdotes remain relevant to the topic and effectively support your main points.

Overall, a remarkable eating disorders essay topic should be meticulously researched, thought-provoking, and relevant to your audience's interests and needs.

Popular Eating Disorders Essay Topics

Below, you will find a compilation of the finest eating disorders essay topics to consider:

• The Impact of Social Media on Eating Disorders
• The Role of Family Dynamics in the Development of Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders in Athletes: Causes and Consequences
• The Effectiveness of Different Treatments for Eating Disorders
• Understanding the Psychological Underpinnings of Anorexia Nervosa
• Binge Eating Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
• The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Early Signs and Prevention
• The Influence of Culture and Society on Eating Disorder Prevalence
• The Connection Between Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse
• The Role of Genetics in Eating Disorders
• Men and Eating Disorders: Breaking the Stigma
• The Long-Term Health Consequences of Eating Disorders
• Orthorexia: When Healthy Eating Becomes a Disorder
• The Impact of Trauma and Abuse on Eating Disorder Development

Best Eating Disorders Essay Questions

Below, you will find an array of stellar eating disorders essay questions to explore:

• How does social media contribute to the development and perpetuation of eating disorders?
• What challenges do males with eating disorders face, and how can these challenges be addressed?
• To what extent does the family environment contribute to the development of eating disorders?
• What role does diet culture play in fostering unhealthy relationships with food?
• How can different treatment approaches be tailored to address the unique needs of individuals grappling with eating disorders?

Eating Disorders Essay Prompts

Below, you will find a collection of eating disorders essay prompts that will kindle your creative fire:

• Craft a personal essay that intricately details your voyage towards recovery from an eating disorder, elucidating the lessons you learned along the way.
• Picture yourself as a parent of a teenager burdened with an eating disorder. Pen a heartfelt letter to other parents, sharing your experiences and providing valuable advice.
• Fabricate a fictional character entangled in the clutches of binge-eating disorder. Concoct a short story that explores their odyssey towards self-acceptance and recovery.
• Construct a persuasive essay that fervently argues for the integration of comprehensive education on eating disorders into school curricula.
• Immerse yourself in the role of a therapist specializing in eating disorders. Compose a reflective essay that delves into the challenges and rewards of working with individuals grappling with eating disorders.

Writing Eating Disorders Essays: FAQ

• Q : How can I effectively commence my eating disorders essay?

A : Commence your essay with a captivating introduction that ensnares the reader's attention and provides an overview of the topic. Consider starting with an intriguing statistic, a powerful quote, or a personal anecdote.

• Q : Can I incorporate personal experiences into my eating disorders essay?

A : Absolutely! Infusing your essay with personal experiences adds depth and authenticity. However, ensure that your personal anecdotes remain relevant to the topic and effectively support your main points.

• Q : How can I make my eating disorders essay engaging?

A : Utilize a variety of rhetorical devices such as metaphors, similes, and vivid descriptions to transform your essay into an engaging masterpiece. Additionally, consider incorporating real-life examples, case studies, or interviews to provide concrete evidence and make your essay relatable.

• Q : Should my essay focus solely on one specific type of eating disorder?

A : While focusing on a specific type of eating disorder can provide a narrower scope for your essay, exploring the broader theme of eating disorders as a whole can also be valuable. Strive to strike a balance between depth and breadth in your writing.

• Q : How can I conclude my eating disorders essay effectively?

A : In your conclusion, summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis statement. Additionally, consider leaving the reader with a thought-provoking question or a call to action, encouraging further reflection or research on the topic.

Eating Disorders in Wrestling

Eating unhealthy: an in-depth look at its consequences, made-to-order essay as fast as you need it.

Each essay is customized to cater to your unique preferences

+ experts online

Eating Disorders and Methods of Its Treatment

The correlation between social media and the development of eating disorders, the damages of eating disorders, stereotypes around eating disorders, let us write you an essay from scratch.

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Anorexia – a Growing Issue in Teenage Girls

Examining eating disorders and social learning theory to draw useful conclusions, photoshopping images and how it impacts eating disorders, nutrition intervention for eating disorders, get a personalized essay in under 3 hours.

Expert-written essays crafted with your exact needs in mind

How Beauty Pageants Can Cause Health Difficulties

A look into the life of people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa: causes, symptoms and treatment, the prevention and treatment of anorexia nervosa, food addiction: does it really exist, depiction of anorexia nervosa in the movie to the bone, a study of eating disorders in judaism and the impact of patriarchal values and pressures, the differences between anorexia and bulimia, the impact of media on body image and its contribution to eating disorders, social media as the reason of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, the role of society in the development of anorexia in teen girls, exploring solutions for fighting the obesity epidemic, jane martin’s beauty, eating disorders in adolescents, argumentative essay on eating disorders.

Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits that negatively affect a person's physical and mental health.

• Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and severe restriction of food intake leading to extreme weight loss and malnutrition.
• Bulimia Nervosa: Involves cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use to prevent weight gain. Sufferers often maintain a normal weight.
• Binge Eating Disorder: Marked by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food in a short period, often accompanied by feelings of loss of control and distress, but without regular use of compensatory behaviors.
• Orthorexia: An obsession with eating foods that one considers healthy, often leading to severe dietary restrictions and malnutrition. Unlike other eating disorders, the focus is on food quality rather than quantity.
• Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Involves limited food intake due to a lack of interest in eating, avoidance based on sensory characteristics of food, or concern about aversive consequences of eating, leading to nutritional deficiencies and weight loss.
• Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances, such as dirt, clay, or paper, inappropriate to the developmental level of the individual and not part of a culturally supported or socially normative practice.
• Rumination Disorder: Involves the repeated regurgitation of food, which may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out. This behavior is not due to a medical condition and can lead to nutritional deficiencies and social difficulties.
• Distorted Body Image: Individuals often see themselves as overweight or unattractive, even when underweight or at a healthy weight.
• Obsession with Food and Weight: Constant thoughts about food, calories, and weight, leading to strict eating rules and excessive exercise.
• Emotional and Psychological Factors: Associated with low self-esteem, perfectionism, anxiety, depression, or a need for control.
• Physical Health: Can cause severe health issues like malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, hormonal disruptions, and organ damage.
• Social Isolation: Withdrawal from social activities due to shame, guilt, and embarrassment, leading to loneliness and distress.
• Co-occurring Disorders: Often coexists with anxiety, depression, substance abuse, or self-harming behaviors, requiring comprehensive treatment.
• Genetic and Biological Factors: Genetic predisposition and biological factors, like brain chemical or hormonal imbalances, can contribute to eating disorders.
• Psychological Factors: Low self-worth, perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and distorted body image perceptions play significant roles.
• Sociocultural Influences: Societal pressures, cultural norms, media portrayal of unrealistic body ideals, and peer influence increase the risk.
• Traumatic Experiences: Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse can heighten vulnerability, leading to feelings of low self-worth and body shame.
• Dieting and Weight-related Practices: Restrictive dieting, excessive exercise, and weight-focused behaviors can trigger disordered eating patterns.

Treatment for eating disorders includes psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and family-based therapy (FBT), to address psychological factors and improve self-esteem. Nutritional counseling with dietitians helps develop healthy eating patterns and debunks dietary myths. Medical monitoring involves regular check-ups to manage physical health. Medication may be prescribed for symptoms like depression and anxiety. Support groups and peer support offer community and empathy, providing valuable insights and encouragement from others facing similar challenges.

• As per the data provided by the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), it is estimated that around 30 million individuals residing in the United States will experience an eating disorder during their lifetime.
• Research suggests that eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. Anorexia nervosa, in particular, has a mortality rate of around 10%, emphasizing the seriousness and potential life-threatening nature of these disorders.
• Eating disorders can affect individuals of all genders and ages, contrary to the common misconception that they only affect young women. While young women are more commonly affected, studies indicate that eating disorders are increasingly prevalent among men and can also occur in older adults and children.

Eating disorders are a critical topic because they affect millions of people worldwide, leading to severe physical and psychological consequences. Addressing eating disorders helps in understanding their complex causes and improving treatment options. Exploring eating disorders essay topics raises awareness, promotes early intervention, and encourages support for those affected, ultimately contributing to better mental health and well-being.

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. 2. Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731. 3. Brown, T. A., Keel, P. K., & Curren, A. M. (2020). Eating disorders. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual (6th ed., pp. 305-357). Guilford Press. 4. Fairburn, C. G., & Harrison, P. J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361(9355), 407-416. 5. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Zeeck, A. (2020). Eating disorders in childhood and adolescence: Epidemiology, course, comorbidity, and outcome. In M. Maj, W. Gaebel, J. J. López-Ibor, & N. Sartorius (Eds.), Eating Disorders (Vol. 11, pp. 68-82). Wiley-Blackwell. 6. Hudson, J. I., Hiripi, E., Pope, H. G., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 61(3), 348-358. 7. Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H. C., & Agras, W. S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for eating disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 19-65. 8. Keski-Rahkonen, A., & Mustelin, L. (2016). Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: Prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29(6), 340-345. 9. Smink, F. R. E., van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W. (2012). Epidemiology of eating disorders: Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14(4), 406-414. 10. Stice, E., Marti, C. N., & Rohde, P. (2013). Prevalence, incidence, impairment, and course of the proposed DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses in an 8-year prospective community study of young women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 445-457.

Relevant topics

• Drug Addiction
• Mental Health

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

The Edvocate

• Lynch Educational Consulting
• Dr. Lynch’s Personal Website
• Write For Us
• The Tech Edvocate Product Guide
• The Edvocate Podcast
• Terms and Conditions
• Privacy Policy
• Assistive Technology
• Best PreK-12 Schools in America
• Child Development
• Classroom Management
• Early Childhood
• EdTech & Innovation
• Education Leadership
• First Year Teachers
• Gifted and Talented Education
• Special Education
• Parental Involvement
• Policy & Reform
• Best Colleges and Universities
• Best College and University Programs
• HBCU’s
• Higher Education EdTech
• Higher Education
• International Education
• The Awards Process
• Finalists and Winners of The 2023 Tech Edvocate Awards
• Award Seals
• GPA Calculator for College
• GPA Calculator for High School
• Cumulative GPA Calculator
• Grade Calculator
• Weighted Grade Calculator
• Final Grade Calculator
• The Tech Edvocate
• AI Powered Personal Tutor

UIUC Makes Controversial Move to House Freshmen With Ras

Donaldsonville, la., technical training center sees high demand, unc launches initiative to help athletes manage nil, opinion | the promise and pitfalls of a ‘global humanities’, this fall’s fafsa applications won’t be fully launched until december, report suggests audiences appreciate diverse casts, students configure ed tech to function in the great outdoors, campus support services ‘too homogeneous’ for refugee students, union and university body clash over job loss predictions, duane morris llp – higher education sector anxiously awaits department updates on third-party servicer guidance and incentive compensation rule, eating disorders essay topics.

Eating Disorders Essay Titles

• How the Media Influenced the Development of Eating Disorders in Adolescent Girls
• Eating Disorders and Mental Disorders
• Substance Abuse and Recovery Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders and Cultural Influences
• Common Eating Disorders Among American Women: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
• The Physical and Psychological Consequences of Eating Disorders
• Teenagers’ Stress and Eating Disorders
• Personality Disorders and Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders and Ideals of Beauty in American Culture
• Eating Disorders and Ballet: Anorexia Nervosa Consumes the Souls of Young Dancers
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Eating Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Treatment
• Depression and Eating Disorders Have A Connection
• The Types and Causes of the Rising and Dangerous Trend of Eating Disorders
• Consumption Disorders and Fertility
• Disorders of Behavioral Feeding and Eating
• The Genetic and Environmental Influences on Eating Disorders
• Childhood Factors and the Symptoms of Eating Disorders
• Diverse Eating Disorders – Overeating Disorder
• Hunger, Obesity, and Eating Disorders
• Adolescent and Parent Perceptions of Care at A Family-Based Eating Disorders Treatment Service

Research Topics About Eating Disorders

• Sexual Abuse of Children and Eating Disorders
• The Impact of Eating Disorders on Society
• Treatment for Anorexia, Bulimia, and Related Eating Disorders
• Comparing Anorexia, Bulimia, and Other Eating Disorders
• Anxiety and Depression Profile and Eating Disorders in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients
• Psychotherapy for Eating Disorders
• A Methodological Approach to Quantifying the Psychopathology of Eating Disorders from the Perspective of the Autonomic Nervous System
• Issues in Treatment for Children with Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders Across Various Cultures
• Causes, Treatment, and the Media’s Role in the United States’ Fight Against Eating Disorders
• Eating Disorders and Emotional Consumption
• A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Eating Disorders
• When Parenting Fails: Alexithymia and Attachment States of Mind in Female Patients with Eating Disorders and Their Mothers
• Mental Illness and Eating Disorders in Parents
• Changes in Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity Among Individuals with Abdominal and Non-Abdominal Obesity and Their Association with Eating Disorder Behaviors
• Dissatisfaction with the Body and Eating Disorders
• The Three Most Common Eating Disorders in America
• Eating Disorders in Children and Young Adults
• A Sociocultural and Political-Economic Analysis of Women, Weight, and Eating Disorders
• The Relationship between Eating Disorders and the Fashion Industry
• Why Are Eating Disorders So Widespread?
• Why Do Adolescents Suffer from Eating Disorders?
• Why Are Binge Eating Disorders More Prevalent?
• Whether the Fashion Industry Contributes to Eating Disorders.
• Which Gastrointestinal Tract Symptoms Occur in Patients with Eating Disorders?
• What Is an Eating Disorder?
• What Challenges Does A Psychotherapist Face When Working with Self-Harm or Eating Disorders?
• What Are the Most Prevalent Causes of Eating Disorders Among Young Women?
• What Are the Causes of Eating Disorders?
• How Does the Family Influence the Development, Maintenance, and Treatment of Eating Disorders?
• How Do American Culture and Society Influence Eating Disorders?
• What Effects Do Eating Disorders Have on Our Health?
• How Does Food Taste When Suffering from Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa?
• What Effect Does the Perception of Beauty Have on the Onset of Eating Disorders?
• How Eating Disorders Develop and Their Aftermath
• How May Eating Disorders Be Viewed as Disorders with Multiple Causes?
• How Do Individuals Cope with Eating Disorders?
• How Does Society Influence the Emergence of Eating Disorders?
• How Has the Advertising Industry Contributed to the Growth of Eating Disorders?
• What Effect Does the Media Have on Eating Disorders?
• How May the Widespread Availability of Social Media Contribute to the Development of Eating Disorders?
• Does Teenage Media Consumption Cause Obesity and Eating Disorders?
• Does Our Nation Encourage Eating Disorders?
• Contribute Social Media to Developing Eating Disorders in Young Adults?
• Does Social Pressure Influence Adolescent Eating Disorders?
• Is the Media A Factor in Developing Eating Disorders Among Adolescents?
• Does Depression Contribute to Eating Disorders?
• Are Eating Disorders More Prevalent in Women Than in Men?
• Are Eating Disorders Primarily Psychological or Cultural Issues?
• Are Eating Disorders Truly Food-Related?

Research Topics on Domestic Violence

E-learning authoring tools: everything you need to ....

Matthew Lynch

Related articles more from author, fascinating cosmetology essay topics to write about, most interesting invisible man essay topics to write about, research topics about andrew jackson, most interesting jaguar essay topics to write about, fascinating essay topics to write about construction, artificial intelligence essay topics.

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Wiley Open Access Collection

Current approach to eating disorders: a clinical update

Phillipa hay.

1 Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney New South Wales, Australia

2 Campbelltown Hospital, SWSLHD, Sydney New South Wales, Australia

This article presents current diagnostic conceptualisations of eating disorders, including new disorders such as binge eating disorder (BED) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). This is followed by contemporary findings in the epidemiology of eating disorders, their broad sociodemographic distribution and the increases in community prevalence. Advances and the current status of evidence‐based treatment and outcomes for the main eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and BED are discussed with focus on first‐line psychological therapies. Deficits in knowledge and directions for further research are highlighted, particularly with regard to treatments for BED and ARFID, how to improve treatment engagement and the management of osteopenia.

Introduction

The conceptualisation of eating disorders has expanded rapidly in the last 10 years to include binge eating disorder (BED) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in addition to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. These are now recognised as four well‐conceptualised disorders, which have been reclassified as Feeding and Eating Disorders (FEDs) in the 5th revision of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) published in 2013 and in the 11th revision of the World Health Organisation's International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems published in 2019. 1 , 2 The common key diagnostic features of the main disorders of both schemes are shown in Table ​ Table1. 1 . The vast majority of research and clinical understanding is with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and BED, and thus this paper will focus on these.

Key diagnostic features of the main feeding and eating disorders

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders characterised by the internalisation of the thin ideal and extreme weight‐control behaviours. In both, overvaluation of weight and shape – where such body image concern is of major or paramount importance to self‐view – is a mandatory criterion. Anorexia nervosa is distinct as a condition of self‐starvation, where people are underweight and engaged in behaviours to prevent weight gain. It includes people who do and do not binge eat or purge (induce vomiting or laxative/diuretic misuse). People with bulimia nervosa are not underweight, and are in a cycle of binge eating and purging and/or fasting/compulsive exercise. In contrast, BED and ARFID are the first FEDs that do not have body image concerns as core diagnostic criteria. They are distinguished by being disorders of eating behaviours, the former of recurrent binge eating without regular purging and the latter of avoidance and aversion to food and eating. All eating disorders occur across the age spectrum although anorexia nervosa and ARFID more commonly present in childhood and adolescence years, whereas bulimia nervosa and BED are uncommon in paediatric populations.

Advances in diagnosis and classification

The changes to diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa in DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 are subtle but important. Although physical consequences of starvation such as amenorrhea and osteopenia still occur, the former is no longer a mandatory criterion to diagnose anorexia owing to its frequent lack of applicability, for example in men and women who are taking hormonal contraception. In DSM‐5, there are also severity criteria based on body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ) levels or their equivalent in children but no upper BMI, and whether a person is underweight (needed for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa) is a clinical judgement. People with a BMI in the normal range but who otherwise resemble those with anorexia nervosa may be given the DSM‐5 diagnosis of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa – a type of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED).

Another change to anorexia nervosa in both schemes is to no longer require the person to report a ‘fear of fatness’ or weight gain – regarded often as a culturally specific phenomenon. However, if this is not reported, evidence of weight prevention/loss behaviours is required to confirm a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Overvaluation and other body image concerns may occur in people with BED but are proscribed for individuals with ARFID in both schemes.

Bulimia nervosa has changed little, but the criteria have broadened, and binge eating (overeating on contextually large amounts of food over which the person has lost control of eating) with compensatory weight loss behaviours may now occur as little as once a week, but this must be for 3 months in DSM‐5 or 1 month in ICD‐11. Similarly, a minimum frequency of weekly binge eating over several months is required for a diagnosis of BED in both schemes. However, although overvaluation is not required in either scheme, marked distress associated with binge eating is mandatory for BED. In the DSM‐5, 3/5 additional features associated with binge eating are also required for BED. These additional features are: (i) eating rapidly than normal; (ii) eating when not hungry; (iii) eating until uncomfortably full; (iv) eating alone; and (v) negative emotions of depression, guilt or disgust following overeating. 1 Both bulimia nervosa and BED occur evenly across the weight spectrum, from normal to above normal bodyweights. In clinical settings, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is commonly made in the context of purging behaviours such as self‐induced vomiting and laxative misuse for weight control. However, people with bulimia nervosa can also present without purging, but with extreme dietary restriction/fasting and/or driven exercise regimens. This non‐purging form of bulimia nervosa is more common in the community 3 and may differ from BED only in the manifestation of regular compensatory behaviours. ICD‐11 differs from DSM‐5 with regard to defining BED, in neither requiring the amount of food consumed in a binge to be unusually large – that is subjective binge episodes are included – nor requiring the 3/5 additional features of binge eating. 2 These broader criteria are likely to increase the clinical utility of the ICD scheme compared with DSM and are in line with the lived experience of BED, whereby it is the loss of control and perception of overeating that is the distressing quality of the binge episode, much more so than the amount of food eaten.

People with eating disorders that do not meet the behavioural frequency or other criteria of one of the main eating disorders and whose problems are less well conceptualised, previously termed as Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, may be now classified as OSFED or Unspecified FED (UFED) in the DSM‐5, 1 or as the poorly specified Other Feeding or Eating Disorder in ICD‐11. 2 OSFED includes atypical anorexia nervosa, subthreshold bulimia nervosa and BED, purging disorder and night eating syndrome.

Atypical anorexia nervosa, that is anorexia nervosa where BMI may be in the ‘adequate’ range of 20–25 kg/m 2 or higher, is probably becoming more common as the mean weight of the general population shifts to the right. Management is similar to anorexia nervosa. Night eating syndrome often presents in the context of sleep disturbance. It is similar to BED in assessment and management. Purging disorder (without regular binge eating) is not very common, and its management is similar to that for bulimia nervosa.

Although evidence is limited, the addition of these previously unrecognised eating disorders, such as BED and ARFID, has implications for clinicians, jurisdictions and more broadly public health. Prevention initiatives, clinician awareness and health service infrastructure may need to be expanded to ensure adequate identification and management of the now diverse spectrum of eating disorders.

Epidemiology including distribution and determinants

A systematic review reported weighted population means (and ranges) of lifetime prevalence as: (i) anorexia nervosa 1.4% (0.1–3.6%) for women and 0.2% (0–0.3%) for men, (ii) bulimia nervosa 1.9% (0.3–4.6%) for women and 0.6% (0.1–1.3%) for men and (iii) BED 2.8% (0.6–5.8%) for women and 1.0% (0.3–2.0%) for men. 4 There are few studies on the general population prevalence of DSM‐5 eating disorders. An Australian adult general population study included cases of OSFED and ARFID. 3 It found a 3‐month prevalence of bulimia nervosa (1.2%) and BED (1.5%) respectively. (Note that the study did not, however, apply the DSM‐5 3/5 binge eating specifiers.) The study also examined ARFID and OSFED and found a prevalence of 0.3% and 3.2% respectively. The majority of OSFED had atypical anorexia nervosa. 3 Many people (around 10%) reported weekly binge eating but without marked distress, these were placed in UFED – however, this group did not have high levels of health impairment, casting some doubt on the clinical significance of this group. 3

The true community incidence of eating disorders is unknown. However, cohort and clinical incidence studies suggest a community‐wide increase in bulimia nervosa and in BED.

Increases in anorexia nervosa also have occurred and are greatest in young women. 5 , 6 All three main disorders are also associated with moderate to high levels of psychosocial and work impairment. 3 , 6

The prevalence of eating disorders is higher in women and in young people. However, BED is more common in men. All problems may be more prevalent across socioeconomic groups and in First Australians than previously thought. 7 Risk minimisation may be achieved with improved media literacy, reduced thin idealisation and promoting a positive/healthy relationship with weight and eating. 8 Bulimia nervosa and BED shared intersecting risk factors for overweight/obesity (e.g. a child history of trauma). Therefore, weight loss management, if required, is best in a supervised environment where care can be taken to address and prevent emergence of eating disorders and other psychological co‐morbidities. 9

Management of eating disorders – overview

For all eating disorders (including ARFID), the main treatment as delineated in the current national and international guidelines is a form of psycho‐behavioural therapy which can most usually be provided on an outpatient basis. 9 , 10 , 11 People with more severe symptoms, or who are not improving with less restrictive care may be treated in a partial (day) or full hospital specialist programme. 11 , 12 Evidence‐based therapies delivered by an eating disorders‐informed clinician are considered most efficacious, and are preferred by people with eating disorders. 12 This approach may also be more cost‐effective and reduce hospitalisations. 12

In addition to specific psychological therapy, treatment needs to address important nutritional, physical and mental health co‐morbidities and thus is ideally from a multi‐disciplinary team. These teams at a minimum would comprise a psychological therapist and a family doctor. In more complex cases of eating disorders, such as most people with anorexia nervosa, more severe cases of bulimia nervosa and BED, and those requiring hospital care, additional interdisciplinary supports are required. These include a registered dietitian, specialist physician/paediatrician, psychiatrist, nurse(s), an exercise therapist, activity/occupational therapist and social worker or family therapist. 9 , 10 , 11

Psychological therapies

Specific psychological therapies like the trans‐diagnostic Cognitive Behaviour Therapy – Enhanced (CBT‐E) are the first‐line treatment for all eating disorders with the greatest impact on symptom reduction and other outcomes. 13 This is usually delivered in 20 weekly sessions for bulimia nervosa and BED and in 40 sessions for anorexia nervosa.

Briefer forms (e.g. 10 sessions of online guided self‐help CBT) as a first step in care or for people with less severe illness have been developed. 9 These have a moderate evidence base, comparable to CBT delivered by an eating disorder informed therapist, but many people continue to be symptomatic and require further sessions. ‘Pure’ self‐help, where there is no guidance, is not recommended except as a first step while waiting for care.

The most major recent advances in treatments for eating disorders have come from psychological therapy trials of child/adolescent and adults with anorexia nervosa supported by several systematic reviews and network and other meta‐analyses. 14 In children and adolescents, an atheoretical family‐based treatment (FBT) is the leading modality of care. FBT may be delivered in whole family as well as separated family (where the parents are seen apart from the child). 15 Family therapy has also been adapted for bulimia nervosa. 9 An alternative, but with a weaker evidence base to FBT, is a form of CBT‐E that has been modified to have additional brief family sessions. 16 Similarly, adolescent focal psychotherapy can be used for younger people with anorexia nervosa. 9

Although there is no similar leading therapy for adults with anorexia nervosa, CBT is the most commonly practised therapy in Australia. Other evidence‐based psychological therapies for anorexia nervosa are the Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Therapy for Adults (MANTRA), 17 Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM) 18 and Focal Psychodynamic Therapy (FPT). 19 Table ​ Table2 2 summarises the key elements of the main evidence‐based therapies for adults and a good description of all psychological therapies is found in the NICE guidelines. 10 All therapies provide psychoeducation and aim to restore the person's physical health with weight monitoring, nutritional counselling and meal planning, often alongside sessions from a registered dietitian. They were developed for individual outpatient care over 8 months or longer. CBT has been adapted for delivery in group settings, which is usual in hospital programmes. All have manuals to provide guidance for therapies and which are used in training. In Australia, the most accessible training is for CBT, followed by SSCM and MANTRA. All have moderate levels of attrition.

Comparative features of evidence based therapies for adults with anorexia nervosa

CBT‐E, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy – Enhanced; FPT, Focal Psychodynamic Therapy; MANTRA, Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Therapy for Adults; SSCM, Specialist Supportive Clinical Management.

Pharmacological therapies

In contrast to psychological care, there have been fewer advances in pharmacological treatments for anorexia nervosa. There are several small trials now of second‐generation antipsychotics, such as olanzapine for anorexia nervosa with mixed results. 11 A recent large ( n = 152) 16‐weeks outpatient placebo‐controlled trial of olanzapine (mean dose 7.77 mg/day) as a primary treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa found a moderate effect size on weight gain favouring the active drug. 20 However, the rate of weight gain was very small (approximately 0.7 kg/month) and negligible with placebo. There were no other significant differences on primary outcomes and only one secondary outcome difference for shape concerns favouring the placebo arm. Importantly, there were no differences on metabolic outcomes. Other psychotropic agents, such as antidepressants, have little direct role or evidence for treatment in anorexia nervosa, but antidepressants may be used where there is co‐morbid major depression. 14

There are several trials supporting agents for the treatment of BED and bulimia nervosa. Since the early trials of higher dose‐selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine 60 mg daily), there has been a small number of trials of topiramate and (for BED) lisdexamfetamine. 11 , 21 Meta‐analyses support a role for the second‐generation antidepressants and lisdexamfetamine but not as standalone treatments as effect sizes are small to medium and attrition may be higher than with psychological therapies. 21 Most use in Australia is also ‘off label’, with the exception of lisdexamfetamine which is approved for BED that is moderate to severe and under specialist psychiatrist management. The longer term safety of lisdexamfetamine is considered commensurate with that found for its use in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Refeeding and osteopenia

The risks of refeeding too quickly and the refeeding syndrome are now well‐recognised, but programmes may have become overcautious. Research supports optimising hospital care to allow more rapid weight regain protocols and more assertive refeeding protocols have been demonstrated to be safe when combined with assertive medical monitoring and nutritional supplementation of, for example phosphate. 22 However, such regimens need to monitor psychological distress as this may be higher with more rapid weight gain.

Osteopenia in people with sustained periods of low weight and sex steroid suppression continues to be a known medical risk for which treatment remains an ‘unmet critical need’ (Schorr et al ., p. 78). 23 Bone loss may be irreversible, especially if this occurs during the critical growth period of post‐pubertal bone accretion. People with anorexia nervosa thus may not reach their peak bone mass and hence later in life more quickly reach osteopenic levels, especially women in their post‐menopausal years. Thus, there is both increased risk of fracture in youth as well as older age. Management relies on weight restoration and normalisation of endocrine homeostasis. There is a small number of trials of anti‐resorptive and anabolic agents. There has been one positive trial of transdermal oestrogen physiological replacement and teriparatide respectively. Studies into raloxifene, denosumab and other parathyroid hormone analogues, such as abaloparatide, are lacking or are limited to case reports. Most success has been reported for bisphosphonates. However, safety concerns and potential teratogenicity caution against the use of bisphophonates in young women. 23

Outcomes and prognosis

Research supports cautious optimism for recovery from an eating disorder, albeit it may be slow. A recent, large 22‐year follow‐up study of 228 women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa treated in a specialist centre found the majority (around two‐thirds) recovered, and that most with bulimia nervosa achieved this within 9 years, but only about half of those with anorexia nervosa achieved recovery within 9 years. 24 This is consistent with the body of outcome literature. 6 Less is known about long‐term outcomes for BED and other eating disorders, but treatment is important as spontaneous remission appears to be low and early symptom change is the best predictor of outcome across all eating disorders. 25

A meta‐analysis has reported the presence of binge eating and purging behaviours, lower BMI, early stage of change (low motivation), concurrent depressed mood and other co‐morbidities, higher body image concerns and poorer quality of current relationships to be consistently associated with poorer treatment outcomes both in the medium to longer term across all eating disorders. Attrition was also associated with binge eating and purging behaviours and low motivation to change. However, effect sizes varied highly across studies and were small to moderate indicating many people recover despite having negative prognostic features. 25

A major challenge in improving treatment outcomes is to close the ‘treatment gap’. A majority of people with anorexia nervosa and a large majority with bulimia nervosa and BED delay seeking care for a decade or longer. 10 Many factors contribute to this problem, but important issues are low levels of health literacy, help‐seeking for weight loss management rather than the eating disorder, stigma, shame and poor affordability and access to evidence‐based psychological therapies.

Eating disorders are common in Australians and may be increasing. Effective psychological therapies are the first‐line in care and most people recover in the medium to longer term. Hospital care can be life‐saving and efficient access to care is important – the major challenge is the wide treatment gap and delays. Few pharmacologic agents are helpful in the management of bulimia nervosa and BED. Further research is needed particularly in the management of osteopenia, achieving earlier treatment engagement, an improved understanding of which therapies work best for whom, prognostic factors and outcomes. Research is urgently needed for the newer eating disorders, BED and ARFID.

Funding: Disclosure: P. Hay has received in sessional fees and lecture fees from the Australian Medical Council, Therapeutic Guidelines publication, and New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry and royalties from Hogrefe and Huber, McGraw Hill Education, and Blackwell Scientific Publications, and she has received research grants from the NHMRC and ARC. She is Chair of the National Eating Disorders Collaboration in Australia. In July 2017, she provided a commissioned report for Shire Pharmaceuticals on lisdexamfetamine and binge eating disorders and has received Honoraria from Shire for teaching at educational events for Psychiatrists.

Conflict of interest: None.

• Undergraduate
• High School
• Architecture
• American History
• Asian History
• Antique Literature
• American Literature
• Asian Literature
• Classic English Literature
• World Literature
• Creative Writing
• Linguistics
• Criminal Justice
• Legal Issues
• Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Political Science
• World Affairs
• African-American Studies
• East European Studies
• Latin-American Studies
• Native-American Studies
• West European Studies
• Family and Consumer Science
• Social Issues
• Women and Gender Studies
• Social Work
• Natural Sciences
• Pharmacology
• Earth science
• Agriculture
• Agricultural Studies
• Computer Science
• IT Management
• Mathematics
• Investments
• Engineering and Technology
• Engineering
• Aeronautics
• Medicine and Health
• Alternative Medicine
• Communications and Media
• Advertising
• Communication Strategies
• Public Relations
• Educational Theories
• Teacher's Career
• Chicago/Turabian
• Company Analysis
• Education Theories
• Shakespeare
• Canadian Studies
• Food Safety
• Relation of Global Warming and Extreme Weather Condition
• Movie Review
• Admission Essay
• Annotated Bibliography
• Application Essay
• Article Critique
• Article Review
• Article Writing
• Book Review
• Business Plan
• Business Proposal
• Capstone Project
• Cover Letter
• Creative Essay
• Dissertation
• Dissertation - Abstract
• Dissertation - Conclusion
• Dissertation - Discussion
• Dissertation - Hypothesis
• Dissertation - Introduction
• Dissertation - Literature
• Dissertation - Methodology
• Dissertation - Results
• GCSE Coursework
• Grant Proposal
• Marketing Plan
• Multiple Choice Quiz
• Personal Statement

Power Point Presentation

• Power Point Presentation With Speaker Notes
• Questionnaire
• Reaction Paper
• Research Paper
• Research Proposal
• SWOT analysis
• Thesis Paper
• Online Quiz
• Literature Review
• Movie Analysis
• Statistics problem
• Math Problem
• All papers examples
• How It Works
• Money Back Policy
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• We Are Hiring

Eating Disorders, Essay Example

Pages: 6

Words: 1701

Hire a Writer for Custom Essay

Use 10% Off Discount: "custom10" in 1 Click 👇

You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work.

Introduction

Eating disorders affect men and women of all ages, although adolescents tend to be the age group that is more susceptible. This is because, as their bodies are changing, they may feel more pressure by society as well as peer groups to look attractive and fit in (Segal et al). Types of eating disorders include Anorexia, Bulimia and Compulsive Overeating, which can also be related to the first two. The reasons behind Eating Disorder usually stem from a reaction to low self-esteem and a negative means of coping with life and stress (Something Fishy).  Eating disorders are also often associated with an underlying psychological disorder, which may be the reason behind the eating disorder or which may develop from the Eating Disorder itself. Mental health disorders that are often associated with Eating Disorder include Anxiety, Depression, Multiple Personality Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, BiPolar, BiPolar II, Borderline Personality Disorder, Panic Disorder and Dissociative Disorder. The longer a person suffers from ED, the more probable that they will be dealing with another mental illness, most likely Anxiety or Depression (Something Fishy). The eventual outcome of Eating Disorder can be deadly. “Some eating disorders are associated with a 10-15% mortality rate and a 20-25% suicide rate. Sometimes, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive eating may be perceived as slow suicide (Carruthers).” In order to prevent the deadly consequences of Eating Disorder and to prevent it from becoming more pervasive in society, it is necessary to recognize the correct treatment method for this disease.  Traditional treatments have focused on providing risk information to raise awareness of the consequences of Eating Disorder (Lobera et al 263). However, since Eating Disorder is a mental illness, a more effective treatment is one that offers psychological evaluation, counseling and treatment. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is emerging as a more robust and effective method that can be used not only to treat Eating Disorder but the associated mental illnesses that may accompany it.

The Problem

Eating disorder is pervasive in society and can have deadly consequences on those that suffer from it. Many time Eating Disorder goes undetected by family members and friends because those suffering will go to great lengths to hide their problem. However, there are some signs and symptoms that can be clues that a person is suffering from some sort of eating disorder. According to Segal, these signs can include:

• Restricting Food or Dieting: A change in eating habits that includes restricting food or excessive dieting. The person my frequently miss meals or not eat, complaining of an upset stomach or that they are not hungry. A use of diet pills or illegal drugs may also be noticed.
• Bingeing: Sufferers may binge eat in secret, which can be hard to detect since they will usually do it late at night or in a private place. Signs of potential bingeing are empty food packages and wrappers and hidden stashes of high calorie junk food or desserts.
• Purging: Those who suffer from bulimia will force themselves to throw up after meals to rid their body of added calories. A sign that this is occurring is when a person makes a trip to the bathroom right after eating on a regular basis, possible running water or a fan to hide the sound of their vomiting. They may also use perfume, mouthwash or breath mints regularly to disguise the smell. In addition to vomiting, laxatives or diuretics may also be used to flush unwanted calories from the body.
• Distorted body image and altered appearance: People suffering from Eating Disorder often have a very distorted image of their own body. While they may appear thin to others, they may view themselves as fat and attempt to hide their body under loose clothing. They will also have an obsessive preoccupation with their weight, and complain of being fat even when it is obvious to others that this is not the case.

There are several possible side effects from Eating Disorders, both physical and psychological. Physical damage can be temporary or permanent, depending on the severity of the eating disorder and the length of time the person has been suffering from it.  Psychological consequences can be the development of a mental illness, especially depression and anxiety. Some sufferers of Eating Disorder will also develop a coping mechanism such as harming themselves, through cutting, self-mutilation or self-inflicted violence, or SIV (Something Fishy).

Physical consequences of Eating Disorders depend on the type of eating disorder that the person has. Anorexia nervosa can lead to a slow heart rate and low blood pressure, putting the sufferer at risk for heart failure and permanent heart damage. Malnutrition can lead to osteoporosis and dry, brittle bones. Other common complications include kidney damage due to dehydration, overall weakness, hair loss and dry skin. Bulimia nervosa, where the person constantly purges through vomiting, can have similar consequences as Anorexia but with added complications and damage to the esophagus and gastric cavity due to the frequent vomiting. In addition, tooth decay can occur because of damage caused by gastric juices. If the person also uses laxatives to purge, irregular bowel movements and constipation can occur. Peptic ulcers and pancreatitis can also common negative heath effects (National Eating Disorders Association).  If the Eating Disorder goes on for a prolonged time period, death is also a possible affect, which is why it is important to seek treatment for the individual as soon as it is determined that they are suffering from an Eating Disorder.

Once it is recognized that a loved one may be suffering from an Eating Disorder, the next step is coming up with an effective intervention in time to prevent any lasting physical damage or death. The most effective treatment to date is Cognitive-behavioral therapy, an active form of counseling that can be done in either a group or private setting (Curtis). Cognitive-behavioral therapy is used to help correct poor eating habits and prevent relapse as well as change the way the individual thinks about food, eating and their body image (Curtis).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered to be one of the most effective treatments for eating disorders, but of course this depends on both the counselor administrating the therapy and the attitude of the person receiving it.  According to Fairburn (3), while patients with eating disorders “have a reputation for being difficult to treat, the great majority can be helped and many, if not most, can make a full and lasting recovery.” In the study conducted by Lobera et al, it was determined that students that took part in group cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions showed a reduced dissatisfaction with their body and a reduction in their drive to thinness. Self esteem was also improved during the group therapy sessions and eating habits were significantly improved.

“The overall effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy can depend on the duration of the sessions. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered effective for the treatment of eating disorders. But because eating disorder behaviors can endure for a long period of time, ongoing psychological treatment is usually required for at least a year and may be needed for several years (Curtis).”

  Alternative solutions

Traditional treatments for Eating Disorders rely on educating potential sufferers, especially school aged children, of the potential damage, both psychological and physical, that can be caused by the various eating disorders .

“ Research conducted to date into the primary prevention of eating disorders (ED) has mainly considered the provision of information regarding risk factors. Consequently, there is a need to develop new methods that go a step further, promoting a change in attitudes and behavior in the  target population (Lobera et al).”

The current research has not shown that passive techniques, such as providing information, reduces the prevalence of eating disorders or improves the condition in existing patients. While education about eating disorders, the signs and symptoms and the potential health affects, is an important part of providing information to both the those that may know someone who is suffering from an eating disorder and those that are suffering from one, it is not an effective treatment by itself. It must be integrated with a deeper level of therapy that helps to improve the self-esteem and psychological issues from which the eating disorder stems.

Hospitalization has also been a treatment for those suffering from an eating disorder, especially when a complication, such as kidney failure or extreme weakness, occurs. However, treating the symptom of the eating disorder will not treat the underlying problem. Hospitalization can effectively treat the symptom only when it is combined with a psychological therapy that treats the underlying psychological problem that is causing the physical health problem.

Effectively treating eating disorders is possible using cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, the sooner a person who is suffering from an eating disorder begins treatment the more effective the treatment is likely to be. The longer a person suffers from an eating disorder, the more problems that may arise because of it, both physically and psychologically. While the deeper underlying issue may differ from patient to patient, it must be addressed in order for an eating disorder treatment to be effective. If not, the eating disorder is likely to continue. By becoming better educated about the underlying mental health issues that are typically the cause of eating disorder, both family members and friends of loved ones suffering from eating disorders and the sufferers themselves can take the steps necessary to overcome Eating Disorder and begin the road to recovery.

Works Cited

“Associated Mental Health Conditions and Addictions.” Something Fishy, 2010. Web. 19 November2010.

Carruthers, Martyn. Who Has Eating Disorders?   Soulwork Solutions, 2010. Web. 19 November 2010.

Curtis, Jeanette. “Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders.” WebMD (September 16, 2009). Web. 19 November 2010.

Fairburn, Christopher G. Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press, 2008. Print.  

“Health Consequences of Eating Disorders” National Eating Disorders Association (2005). Web. 21 November 2010.

Lobera, I.J., Lozano, P.L., Rios, P.B., Candau, J.R., Villar y Lebreros, Gregorio Sanchez, Millan, M.T.M., Gonzalez, M.T.M., Martin, L.A., Villalobos, I.J. and Sanchez, N.V. “Traditional and New Strategies in the Primary Prevention of Eating Disorders: A Comparative Study in Spanish Adolescents.” International Journal of General Medicine 3  (October 5, 2010): 263-272. Dovepress.Web. 19 November 2010.

Segal, Jeanne, Smith, Melinda, Barston, Suzanne. Helping Someone with an Eating Disorder: Advice for Parents, Family Members and Friends , 2010. Web. 19 November 2010.

Stuck with your Essay?

Get in touch with one of our experts for instant help!

American Liberty, Outline Example

Israeli Political Parties, Power Point Presentation Example

Time is precious

don’t waste it!

Plagiarism-free guarantee

Privacy guarantee

Secure checkout

Money back guarantee

Related Essay Samples & Examples

Voting as a civic responsibility, essay example.

Pages: 1

Words: 287

Utilitarianism and Its Applications, Essay Example

Words: 356

The Age-Related Changes of the Older Person, Essay Example

Pages: 2

Words: 448

The Problems ESOL Teachers Face, Essay Example

Pages: 8

Words: 2293

Should English Be the Primary Language? Essay Example

Pages: 4

Words: 999

The Term “Social Construction of Reality”, Essay Example

Words: 371

Eating Disorder - Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Eating disorders, severe conditions related to persistent eating behaviors negatively impacting health, emotions, and the ability to function, encompass various types including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Essays on eating disorders could explore the psychological, biological, and societal factors contributing to these conditions, and delve into the experiences of those affected. Discussions might also focus on prevention strategies, treatment options, and the societal perception and stigma surrounding eating disorders. Through a comprehensive exploration of eating disorders, essays can shed light on the multifaceted aspects of these serious health conditions and the importance of awareness, understanding, and support. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about Eating Disorder you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Eating Disorder is a Growing Problem in Modern Society

There are many misconceptions about eating disorders. One that stuck out to me is that people believe that eating disorders are a choice. Eating disorders arise from part of a person's genetic makeup and due to environmental factors. ( 'Eating Disorder Myths.') Their are many studies out their that help prove that eating disorders are often influenced by a person’s genes. Twin studies are useful in proving that eating disorders can be a family affair. ('Understanding Eating Disorders, Anorexia, Bulimia, […]

Anorexia Nervosa is a very Serious Eating Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa is classified as an eating disorder and a disease where individuals go through extreme measures to lose weight such as excessive workouts or extreme food diets in hopes to change their perspective on themselves. Individuals that embody this disease have a distorted body image of oneself and will still feel fat even after taking drastic measures to lose weight. These individuals think poorly and see themselves as overweight even if the individual is underweight. This has a lot […]

Effects of Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is one of the most commonly known eating disorder. It can occur in women and men including adults, kids, and teenagers. Anorexia is a ""mental disorder that is caused by the unsound terror of gaining weight. Anorexia nervosa is an ""emotional disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing food, commonly known as anorexia. Experts believe anorexia is caused by ""personality, genetics, environment, biochemistry, and overall emotional health. There are many horrific effects of anorexia […]

We will write an essay sample crafted to your needs.

There are Two Types of Eating Disorder

After reviewing Carly’s case and comparing it to the criterion in the DSM-5 it was determined that she has Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia is an eating disorder that is classified by extreme weight loss and difficulty in maintaining an appropriate weight (Anorexia Nervosa, 2018). There are two subtypes of anorexia. The subtypes are the restricting type and the binge eating/ purging type. The restricting type is characterized by episodes of weight loss through dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise. The binge eating/ […]

Eating Disorders Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem Among South Korean Women

Abstract The Asian culture has be heavily influenced by Western Values, Asian women value thinness, which has led to a rise in eating disorders among them. Over the past 20 years eating disorders have increased. Body dissatisfaction is usually associated with body image (how you feel about the way your body looks). The dislikeness of one's body is more common with women than it is common with men. Today, Korean women have greater body dissatisfaction than the U.S. women have. […]

Thin Models: Fashion Forward

In every magazine you open, you will see skeletal models sprawled on almost every page. Dangerously thin fashion models posing in advertisements for clothing brands. While some people might see these models and think nothing of them, other people could see them and think they are hazardous to young women’s self esteem. Not only do these fashion models promote the idea that a healthy or bigger body is not desirable, the health risks that come with trying to achieve that […]

An Eating Disorder Doesn’t Come out of Nowhere

Anorexia Nervosa This paper loops and wanders through five different journals about anorexia nervosa and the many components within it. Each author of these scholarly journals pinpoints something different about the condition, whether it be the many causes or ways to cope with the condition. The main point of this report is to talk about anorexia nervosa and explain the causes as well as treatments and identifying the illness. This paper will go through what this condition is, what causes […]

Impact Media on Eating Disorders

With all of our current understanding so far we can see how much of an impact media has on triggering eating disorders. Research has only just begun to analyze the relationship between social media outlets such as facebook, body image and symptoms of eating disorders. Facebook is available at the fingertips of most adolescents today which allows them easy access to seek social comparison and negative feedback. Therefore it is an essential area to examine in relation to eating disordered […]

Is there too Much Pressure on Females to have Perfect Bodies?

Have you ever felt insecure? It is very common for women in this society to feel that way.  It’s like everywhere you look there is pressure to look better or be skinny. Everything you do is being judged. Women are portrayed as fragile and delicate, but that is not always the case. Women are thriving in this generation and breaking down barriers of the norm. A big problem in society today that makes women feel insecure is advertising. Certain clothin […]

Anorexia Nervosa: Serious Eating Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa is a very serious eating disorder that many people suffer from. People with Anorexia Nervosa go days without eating. People who suffer from Anorexia Nervosa have an intense fear of gaining weight. “The core psychological feature of anorexia nervosa is extreme overation of shape and weight”(“Anorexia”1). Even the people who suffer from Anorexia are very thin they still fear gaining weight. ¨The word ¨Anorexia¨ literally means ¨loss of appetite¨ (Watson, 7). Anorexia Nervosa is a coping mechanism for […]

Anorexia Nervosa: Common, Widespread Eating Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa is a very common, widespread eating disorder that affects individuals psychologically, emotionally, and physically. Those suffering from this eating disorder are commonly suffering from extremely low self-esteem and body weight. Individuals struggling with Anorexia typically fear to gain weight and are always conscious of what they are eating. They perceive their body as a distorted image, instead of viewing reality. Anorexia victims fear their body image as disproportional to their height and weight. An introduction to this disorder […]

Cause and Effect of Anorexia

The first time i ever heard about anorexia was from Degrassi: Next Generation. A character named Emma was trying to lose weight so she would barely eat and sometimes would make herself throw up. Being young I never really understood Anorexia, and the causes and how it can affect your body. According to experts, Anorexia Nervosa occurs in about 1 in 100 to 200 young women. Anorexia is an eating disorder that is also known as self starvation. It can […]

Eating Disorder Behaviors Among Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine the currency of eating disorder's behaviors among adolescents. The study chose to focus on gender, and ethnicity by classifying adolescents by their specific risk and protective factors. This study took place with a Minnesota Student Survey in 1998. The study was experimented to describe the issue throughout the population based off sample of adolescents for female and males with eating disorders. Also, to figure out both psychosocial and behavioral leads that could […]

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorder

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, characterized by the refusal of an emaciated individual to maintain a normal body weight (CITATION ENCYCLOPEDIA). More specifically, its diagnosis is based on three distinct criteria presented by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5): First, consistent restriction of energy consumption resulting in a relatively low body weight must occur. Second, there is an irrational fear of weight gain. Finally, there is […]

Eating Disorder: Specific Model of Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Going off of these findings, Rieger et al. (2010) came up with an eating disorder-specific model of interpersonal psychotherapy. Due to the significance of social relevance in eating disorders, Rieger et al. laid out factors that played an important role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. For example, a 2010 study of 208 patients who were diagnosed with AN or bulimia were assessed for interpersonal issues pre- and post-hospitalization. Eating pathology, symptom severity, and interpersonal patterns were examined. […]

Eating Disorders Anorexia

"Abraham, Suzanne, and Derek Llewellyn-Jones. ""Bulimia Nervosa.""Palla, Barbara, and Iris F. Litt. ""Medical Complications Of Eating DisordersIn Adolescents."" Medical Complications occur with eating disorders take place inanyones life. Adolescents being at such a young age if medical complications occur can affect them when they are older as well. For example, bulimia nervosa can mess with a young women's menstrual cycle and when they get older, they might not be able to have kids. This article will help when informing adolescents […]

Body Image and Self Esteem

The impact of low self-esteem and negative body image is adversely affecting adolescents as they try to fit in in a never-ending society of expectations. The definition of body image according to Merriam-Webster's dictionary is "a subjective picture of one's own physical appearance established both by self-observation and by noting the reactions of others. Body image is not just decided by ourselves, it is also decided by others. This occurs when people have physical reactions and facial expressions. The definition […]

The Thin Documentary Analysis: Eating Disorder

Thin documentary is a film that follows four women at the Renfrew facility in Florida who are undergoing treatment for eating disorders. These women include Polly, Shelly, Brittany, and Alisa who range from 15 to 30 years old. The film follows them as they interact with their therapists, nurses, staff, other patients and with one another. Indeed, the documentary exploration regarding the struggles these anorexic women face in this institution in their attempt to improve and live a positive life. […]

Types of Eating Disorders and Treatments

Feeding and eating disorder affects more than 13% of men and woman coming from western countries (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016). Out of that portion of the population, only about 40%-60% of those affected are said to be in remission from their disorder (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016). There are many factors that come into play that contribute to the onset of such disorders including, family history, peer dieting, concepts of an ideal body, and some cultural considerations (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016). […]

Social Media and Eating Disorders: Unveiling the Impact

INTRODUCTION Eating disorders have increased along with the use of social media. Individuals suffering from eating disorders frequently express dissatisfaction with themselves and their identities. They believe that losing weight will help them feel better (Warbrick, 2008). According to the UAMS Department of Pediatrics: Adolescent Medicine, an eating disorder is defined as “a condition in which an individual has an unusual relationship with food and/or consumption of food. This can include restricting food, bingeing, vomiting or otherwise purging after eating, […]

Relationship between Depressive Disorder and Eating Disorder

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder characterized by intense and persistent feelings of melancholy and disinterest in regular activities for an extended period of time. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorder categorized by significant weight loss, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of how one views their body shape or weight. These disorders frequently co occur with one another, in fact, according to a study posted on the National Eating […]

The Real Skinny on Anorexia a Merciless Battle with the Mirror

According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) (2018), at least 30,000,000 people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder at any given time in the United States. Of those 30,000,000, at least one person dies every 62 minutes as a direct result of their disorder. Most often, eating disorders affect women between the ages of 12 and 35. Compared to all other mental illnesses, eating disorders have the highest mortality rate (National […]

Eating Disorder and Mental Health Components

Introduction To begin my final project I would like to offer background about my topic in terms of why I choose this and why it is important to me. Mental health is something that has made recent headline’s and is yet shoved under the bed. Mental illness awareness and mental health in general is a touchy topic for most because it does not always convey physical signs and symptoms and often has a negative connotation. Mental health is the well […]

Anorexia Nervosa: Literature Review

Anorexia nervosa, or better known as anorexia, is an eating disorder with which countless women and men battle every day, with worldwide prevalence. Anorexia is considered to be a psychiatric illness, which has long term effects on those who suffer from it, both psychologically and physically. The etiology of anorexia is multifactorial with genetic, biological, environmental, psychological and sociocultural influences. There are many different models of intervention to treat anorexia, which are each met with different measures of success. Social […]

Anorexia: a Mental Disorder

Mental disorders are something that can be found in any human. One of the deadliest mental illnesses is anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is defined as a serious eating disorder that is characterized primarily by a pathological fear of weight gain leading to faulty eating patterns, malnutrition, and usually excessive weight loss. It has a higher mortality rate than any other mental illness. This disease affects people of all ages, races, genders, sexual orientation, and ethnicities. One in 200 American women […]

Anorexia and Bulimia

Introduction Anorexia and Bulimia are server disorders that is mostly found in girls. Anorexia has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorders, with an estimated 56 times more likely to commit suicide then those who do not suffer from anorexia (Tabitha Farrar, 2014). Being able to recognize the signs and symptoms of anorexia is very important, if recognized early treatment can be started quickly to better help these individuals sooner. Warning Signs Anorexia has many warning signs some of […]

Anorexia Nervosa: Hunger and Satiety

Anorexia Nervosa is defined as a lack of appetite. It is a state of mind that makes the person affected believe that they are too fat and must lose as much weight as possible. ""People with anorexia generally restrict the number of calories, and the types of food they eat. Some people with the disorder also exercise compulsively, purge via vomiting and laxatives, and/or binge eat. (www.nationaleatingdisorders.org). It is a heart-breaking disorder and has affected millions of people every year […]

Anorexia Nervosa: Abnormally Low Body Weight and Fear of Gaining Weight

""Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder that has abnormally low body weight and fear of gaining weight. People with anorexia care about what others think of them. Society plays a key role to people who have anorexia because; they put very thin people on the cover of magazines and advertisement. This causes individuals with anorexia to feel, un-pretty, rejected, and fat. This is all based on what the media puts out to the world. (works cited: 1). ""People with anorexia […]

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

Introduction Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia are serious disorders among our adolescent girls. According to the eating disorder hope website Anorexia has the highest mobility rate out of all mental disorders, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms (Hamilton, 2018) so these girls can get the treatment they need. Warning Signs There are many warning signs to Anorexia and Bulimia. According to Nicole Williamson PhD at the Tampa General seminar, (May8, 2018) People with Anorexia might dress in layers, […]

Miss Representation : a Trendy Way Towards Self-Destruction

The marketing media (advertising) and the entertainment industry (movies/tv-shows) created a standard of beauty by which females are taught to judge their own bodies and how others perceive their beauty. The marketing media and the entertainment industry are both powerful tools that barrage young women with extreme images of what is an acceptable body. This is why the marketing media and the entertainment industry are responsible for the increase of body shaming in young women, which has led to an […]

Additional Example Essays

• Substance Abuse and Mental Illnesses
• The Yellow Wallpaper: The Symbolism Between The Mental Conditions and The Wallpaper
• Letter From Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis
• Followership and Servant Leadership
• The Mental Health Stigma
• Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
• Positive Effects of Social Media
• The Psychology of Batman
• A Compare and Contrast Essay on Two Movies 'Inception' and 'The Matrix: Parallel Worlds and Diverging Realities
• Social Media and Mental Health
• Appropriate Age for Social Media
• Life Is Beautiful Movie Review

1. Tell Us Your Requirements

2. Pick your perfect writer

3. Get Your Paper and Pay

Hi! I'm Amy, your personal assistant!

Don't know where to start? Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert.

short deadlines

100% Plagiarism-Free

Certified writers

Calculate for all schools

Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, talking about eating disorders in college essays.

Hey everyone, I've struggled with an eating disorder in the past and it's been a significant part of my life. Is it okay to write about it in my college essay? I don't want to risk being seen as 'too personal' or oversharing, but it's played a big role in my growth. Thoughts?

Hello! It's understandable that you might be unsure about discussing such a sensitive topic in your college essay. While it is certainly possible to write about an eating disorder, it's important to consider the way you approach the subject. Admissions officers appreciate honesty and personal growth stories, but you should focus on the lessons you learned, how you overcame the obstacle, and more importantly, how this experience has shaped you as a person.

When writing about your eating disorder, avoid graphic details about your darkest moments, as this might make the admissions reader uncomfortable. Instead, discuss how you sought help, how the experience changed your perspective on self-care and wellness, or how it led you to advocate for mental health awareness in your community.

Additionally, keep the essay focused on the positive aspects of your recovery, personal development, or involvement in helping others. Remember, the goal is to paint a picture of who you are as a person and a potential community member at the college you're applying to.

In summary, you can write about your eating disorder in your college essay, as long as you approach the topic thoughtfully, focus on the positive aspects, and avoid oversharing. Good luck with your application!

About CollegeVine’s Expert FAQ

CollegeVine’s Q&A seeks to offer informed perspectives on commonly asked admissions questions. Every answer is refined and validated by our team of admissions experts to ensure it resonates with trusted knowledge in the field.

Transforming the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses.

Información en español

Celebrating 75 Years! Learn More >>

• Health Topics
• Brochures and Fact Sheets
• Help for Mental Illnesses
• Clinical Trials

Eating Disorders

What are eating disorders.

There is a commonly held misconception that eating disorders are a lifestyle choice. Eating disorders are actually serious and often fatal illnesses that are associated with severe disturbances in people’s eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions. Preoccupation with food, body weight, and shape may also signal an eating disorder. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

What are the signs and symptoms of eating disorders?

Anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa is a condition where people avoid food, severely restrict food, or eat very small quantities of only certain foods. They also may weigh themselves repeatedly. Even when dangerously underweight, they may see themselves as overweight.

There are two subtypes of anorexia nervosa: a "restrictive "  subtype and a "binge-purge " subtype.

• In the restrictive subtype of anorexia nervosa, people severely limit the amount and type of food they consume.
• In the binge-purge  subtype of anorexia nervosa, people also greatly restrict the amount and type of food they consume. In addition, they may have binge-eating and purging episodes—eating large amounts of food in a short time followed by vomiting or using laxatives or diuretics to get rid of what was consumed.

Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. It has an extremely high death (mortality) rate compared with other mental disorders. People with anorexia are at risk of dying from medical complications associated with starvation. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.

If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline   at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org   . In life-threatening situations, call 911.

Symptoms include:

• Extremely restricted eating
• Extreme thinness (emaciation)
• A relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy weight
• Intense fear of gaining weight
• Distorted body image, a self-esteem that is heavily influenced by perceptions of body weight and shape, or a denial of the seriousness of low body weight

Other symptoms may develop over time, including:

• Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis)
• Mild anemia and muscle wasting and weakness
• Brittle hair and nails
• Dry and yellowish skin
• Growth of fine hair all over the body (lanugo)
• Severe constipation
• Low blood pressure
• Slowed breathing and pulse
• Damage to the structure and function of the heart
• Brain damage
• Multiorgan failure
• Drop in internal body temperature, causing a person to feel cold all the time
• Lethargy, sluggishness, or feeling tired all the time
• Infertility

Bulimia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is a condition where people have recurrent and frequent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over these episodes. This binge-eating is followed by behavior that compensates for the overeating such as forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these behaviors. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or over overweight.

• Chronically inflamed and sore throat
• Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area
• Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth as a result of exposure to stomach acid
• Acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems
• Intestinal distress and irritation from laxative abuse
• Severe dehydration from purging of fluids
• Electrolyte imbalance (too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium, and other minerals) which can lead to stroke or heart attack

Binge-eating disorder

Binge-eating disorder is a condition where people lose control over their eating and have reoccurring episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food. Unlike bulimia nervosa, periods of binge-eating are not followed by purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. As a result, people with binge-eating disorder often are overweight or obese. Binge-eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the U.S.

• Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as a 2-hour period
• Eating even when you're full or not hungry
• Eating fast during binge episodes
• Eating until you're uncomfortably full
• Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment
• Feeling distressed, ashamed, or guilty about your eating
• Frequently dieting, possibly without weight loss

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), previously known as selective eating disorder, is a condition where people limit the amount or type of food eaten. Unlike anorexia nervosa, people with ARFID do not have a distorted body image or extreme fear of gaining weight. ARFID is most common in middle childhood and usually has an earlier onset than other eating disorders. Many children go through phases of picky eating, but a child with ARFID does not eat enough calories to grow and develop properly, and an adult with ARFID does not eat enough calories to maintain basic body function.

• Dramatic restriction of types or amount of food eaten
• Lack of appetite or interest in food
• Dramatic weight loss
• Upset stomach, abdominal pain, or other gastrointestinal issues with no other known cause
• Limited range of preferred foods that becomes even more limited (“picky eating” that gets progressively worse)

What are the risk factors for eating disorders?

Eating disorders can affect people of all ages, racial/ethnic backgrounds, body weights, and genders. Eating disorders frequently appear during the teen years or young adulthood but may also develop during childhood or later in life.

Researchers are finding that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors. Researchers are using the latest technology and science to better understand eating disorders.

One approach involves the study of human genes. Eating disorders run in families. Researchers are working to identify DNA variations that are linked to the increased risk of developing eating disorders.

Brain imaging studies are also providing a better understanding of eating disorders. For example, researchers have found differences in patterns of brain activity in women with eating disorders in comparison with healthy women. This kind of research can help guide the development of new means of diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders.

How are eating disorders treated?

It is important to seek treatment early for eating disorders. People with eating disorders are at higher risk for suicide and medical complications. People with eating disorders can often have other mental disorders (such as depression or anxiety) or problems with substance use. Complete recovery is possible.

Treatment plans are tailored to individual needs and may include one or more of the following:

• Individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy
• Medical care and monitoring
• Nutritional counseling
• Medications

Psychotherapies

Family-based therapy, a type of psychotherapy where parents of adolescents with anorexia nervosa assume responsibility for feeding their child, appears to be very effective in helping people gain weight and improve eating habits and moods.

To reduce or eliminate binge-eating and purging behaviors, people may undergo cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is another type of psychotherapy that helps a person learn how to identify distorted or unhelpful thinking patterns and recognize and change inaccurate beliefs.

Evidence also suggests that medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers may also be helpful for treating eating disorders and other co-occurring illnesses such as anxiety or depression. The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) website  has the latest information on medication approvals, warnings, and patient information guides.

How can I find a clinical trial for an eating disorder?

Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. The goal of clinical trials is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Although individuals may benefit from being part of a clinical trial, participants should be aware that the primary purpose of a clinical trial is to gain new scientific knowledge so that others may be better helped in the future.

Researchers at NIMH and around the country conduct many studies with patients and healthy volunteers. We have new and better treatment options today because of what clinical trials uncovered years ago. Be part of tomorrow’s medical breakthroughs. Talk to your health care provider about clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is right for you.

To learn more or find a study, visit:

• NIMH’s Clinical Trials webpage : Information about participating in clinical trials
• Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Eating Disorders  : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country

Where can I learn more about eating disorders?

Free brochures and shareable resources.

• Eating Disorders: About More Than Food : A brochure about the common eating disorders anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, and various approaches to treatment. Also available en español .
• Let’s Talk About Eating Disorders : An infographic with facts that can help shape conversations around eating disorders. Also available in en español .
• Shareable Resources on Eating Disorders : Help support eating disorders awareness and education in your community. Use these digital resources, including graphics and messages, to spread the word about eating disorders.
• Mental Health Minute: Eating Disorders : Take a mental health minute to watch this video on eating disorders.
• Let’s Talk About Eating Disorders with NIMH Grantee Dr. Cynthia Bulik : Learn about the signs, symptoms, treatments, and the latest research on eating disorders.

Research and statistics

• NIMH Eating Disorders Research Program : This program supports research on the etiology, core features, longitudinal course, and assessment of eating disorders.
• Journal Articles   : References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine).
• Statistics: Eating Disorders

Last Reviewed: January 2024

Unless otherwise specified, the information on our website and in our publications is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please cite the National Institute of Mental Health as the source. Read our copyright policy to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content.

Essay on Eating Disorders

Students are often asked to write an essay on Eating Disorders in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Eating Disorders

Understanding eating disorders.

Eating disorders are serious health problems. They occur when individuals develop unhealthy eating habits that can harm their body. They often start with an obsession with food, body weight, or body shape.

Types of Eating Disorders

There are three main types of eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder. Each has different symptoms but all can be harmful.

Impact on Health

Eating disorders can damage important body parts like the heart and brain. They can also affect mental health, causing anxiety or depression.

Getting Help

If you or someone you know has an eating disorder, it’s important to seek help. Doctors, therapists, and support groups can provide treatment and support.

250 Words Essay on Eating Disorders

Introduction.

The most common types are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder. Anorexia is defined by a refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Bulimia involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors like forced vomiting to avert weight gain. Binge Eating Disorder is characterized by frequent overeating episodes but without subsequent purging actions.

Sociocultural Influences

Sociocultural factors play a significant role in the onset of eating disorders. The media’s portrayal of an ‘ideal’ body size and shape can contribute to body dissatisfaction and consequently, disordered eating behaviors.

Health Implications

The health implications of eating disorders are severe, impacting both physical and mental health. These can range from malnutrition, organ damage, to increased risk of suicide.

Eating disorders, therefore, are serious conditions that require comprehensive treatment. Increased awareness, early diagnosis, and interventions can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life for those affected.

500 Words Essay on Eating Disorders

Introduction to eating disorders.

Eating disorders represent a group of serious conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that can negatively affect a person’s physical and mental health. These disorders often develop from a complex interplay of genetic, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

The Types of Eating Disorders

The underlying causes.

Eating disorders are typically multifactorial and can’t be attributed to a single cause. They often coexist with other mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, suggesting that eating disorders can run in families. Sociocultural factors, including societal pressures to be thin, can also contribute to the development of these disorders.

The Impact on Physical and Mental Health

The physical consequences of eating disorders are profound and can be life-threatening. They range from malnutrition, heart conditions, and bone loss in anorexia, to gastrointestinal problems and electrolyte imbalances in bulimia. Binge eating disorder can lead to obesity and related complications like heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Treatment and Recovery

Treatment for eating disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, combining medical, psychological, and nutritional therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often effective, helping individuals to understand and change patterns of thought and behavior that lead to disordered eating.

Early intervention is crucial for recovery. However, stigma and lack of understanding about these disorders can often delay treatment. Therefore, raising awareness and promoting understanding about eating disorders is essential.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Masks Strongly Recommended but Not Required in Maryland, Starting Immediately

Due to the downward trend in respiratory viruses in Maryland, masking is no longer required but remains strongly recommended in Johns Hopkins Medicine clinical locations in Maryland. Read more .

• Vaccines  
• Masking Guidelines
• Visitor Guidelines  

Eating Disorders Program

Frequently asked questions about eating disorders, what is an eating disorder.

Eating disorders include  anorexia nervosa , a form of self-starvation;  bulimia nervosa , in which individuals engage in repetitive cycles of binge-eating alternating with self-induced vomiting or starvation;  binge-eating disorder (BED) , which resembles bulimia but without compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain (e.g. vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative abuse);  avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in which people may have lack of interest in food, avoid certain textures or types of foods, or have fears and anxieties about consequences of eating unrelated to shape or weight concerns (e.g. fear of choking, vomiting or abdominal discomfort) and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) . Eating disorders can occur in any age group, gender, ethnic or racial group.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are psychiatric illnesses that center on food and its consumption and are usually characterized by:

• Excessive preoccupation with food and dissatisfaction with one’s body shape or weight
• A compulsion to engage in extreme eating habits and unhealthy methods of weight control such as: o    Fasting or binge-eating o    Excessive exercise o    Self-induced vomiting o    Chewing and spitting or regurgitating food o    Excessive laxative, diuretic, or diet pill abuse.

These unhealthy behaviors and preoccupations can develop into a consuming passion and come to interfere with physical, psychological and social well-being.

Eating disorders have many causes. They may be triggered by stressful life events, including a loss or trauma; relationship difficulties; physical illness; or a life change such as entering one’s teens, starting college, marriage or pregnancy. An eating disorder may develop in association with another psychiatric illness such as a depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or substance abuse. Current research indicates some people are more genetically predisposed to developing an eating disorder than others.

How common are eating disorders?

The eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, respectively, affect 0.5 percent and 2-3 percent of women over their lifetime. The most common age of onset is between 12-25. Although much more common in females, 10 percent of cases detected are in males. Binge eating disorder and OSFED are more common and rates of ARFID are not yet known as this diagnosis was defined relatively recently.

What is the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia?

Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia are characterized by an overvalued drive for thinness and a disturbance in eating behavior. The main difference between diagnoses is that anorexia nervosa is a syndrome of self-starvation involving significant weight loss of 15 percent or more of ideal body weight, whereas patients with bulimia nervosa are, by definition, at normal weight or above.

Bulimia is characterized by a cycle of dieting, binge-eating and compensatory purging behavior to prevent weight gain. Purging behavior includes vomiting, diuretic or laxative abuse. When underweight individuals with anorexia nervosa also engage in bingeing and purging behavior the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa supercedes that of binge/purging type.

Excessive exercise aimed at weight loss or at preventing weight gain is common in both anorexia nervosa and in bulimia.

What causes an eating disorder?

Eating disorders are believed to result from a combination of biological vulnerability, environmental, and social factors. A useful way of thinking about what causes an eating disorder is to distinguish predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors that contribute to its onset and maintenance.

• Predisposing factors include genetic vulnerability. Family and twin studies suggest that eating disorders run in families. Genetic studies are currently underway to isolate genes contributing to risk for an eating disorder.
• Precipitating factors including behaviors such as dieting or exercise, or stressors including illness, trauma or loss, which can trigger the onset of the disorder.
• Once the eating disorder takes hold however it is sustained largely by perpetuating factors that contribute to its maintenance. These maintaining factors can include physiological consequences of starvation or of binge purge behaviors, or anxiety and avoidance behaviors associated with the consumption of various foods. Starvation slows gastrointestinal transit resulting in early satiety (fullness) and constipation and it also increases preoccupation with food and the risk of eventual progression to binge-eating. Frequent self-induced vomiting can also lead to gastrointestinal dysmotility and to the development of additional symptoms and behaviors including spontaneous regurgitation, reflux and vomiting. For underweight patients, achievement of a low normal weight is essential for recovery, whilst for all patients normalizing eating and weight control behaviors and establishing healthier eating habits and coping strategies, is a priority.

Are certain personality traits more common in individuals with eating disorders?

Individuals who develop eating disorders, especially those with the restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa are often perfectionistic, eager to please others, sensitive to criticism, and self-doubting. They may have difficulty adapting to change and be routine bound. A smaller group of patients with eating disorders have a more extroverted temperament and are novelty-seeking and impulsive with difficulty maintaining stable relationships. There is no one personality associated with eating disorders, however.

What forms of treatment are effective for anorexia nervosa?

Treatment of anorexia nervosa involves nutritional rehabilitation to normalize weight and eating behavior. Psychotherapy is aimed at correcting irrational preoccupations with weight and shape, managing challenging emotions and anxieties and preventing relapse. Interventions include monitoring weight gain, prescribing an adequate diet, and admitting patients who fail to gain weight to a specialty inpatient or partial hospitalization program. Specialty programs combining close behavioral monitoring and meal support with psychological therapies are generally very effective in achieving weight gain in patients unable to gain weight in outpatient settings. The fear of fatness and body dissatisfaction characteristic of the disorder tend to extinguish gradually over several months once target weight and normal eating patterns are maintained, and 50-75% of patients eventually recover. No medications have been shown to significantly facilitate weight gain in patients with this disorder. In the case of patients under 18 years of age, family therapy aimed at helping parents support normal eating in their child has been found to be more effective than individual therapy alone.

What forms of treatment are effective for bulimia nervosa?

Most uncomplicated cases of bulimia nervosa can be treated on an outpatient basis although inpatient treatment is occasionally indicated. The best psychological treatment is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which involves self-monitoring of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the eating disorder. Therapy is focused on normalizing eating behavior and identifying environmental triggers and irrational thoughts or feeling states that precipitate bingeing or purging. Patients are taught to challenge irrational beliefs about weight and self-esteem. Several medications have also been shown to be effective in decreasing bingeing and purging behaviors in bulimia.

What about the treatment of other eating disorders including BED, ARFID and OSFED?

Eating disorders are behavioral problems and the most successful modalities of treatment all focus on normalizing eating and weight control behaviors whilst managing uncomfortable thoughts and feelings. Increasingly, we understand eating disorders as not just psychological problems but as disorders of learning and habit. Changing established habits can feel challenging, however practice of healthy eating behavior under expert therapeutic guidance helps develop skills needed to manage anxieties regarding food, weight and shape -- all of which fade over time with the gradual achievement of mastery over recovery.

How do I know if I need inpatient treatment?

If you think you have an eating disorder, if your symptoms have persisted or worsened despite attempts at outpatient treatment, or if you feel constantly preoccupied by thoughts of food and weight, then a good place to start is with a comprehensive evaluation in our Consultation Clinic.  To safely provide the best possible care during the COVID pandemic, we have expanded our outpatient telemedicine services to include remote clinical consultation and outpatient visits with our eating disorders doctors by videolink across multiple states. Video visits allow patients to connect face-to-face in real time without leaving their home by using their smartphone, tablet or computer. Virtual connections are secure and HIPAA compliant.

You will be seen by a psychiatrist who will perform a thorough review of your history and symptoms, medical tests and past treatment. We recommend you forward any past treatment records ahead of your appointment for the doctor to review. Whenever possible we ask that you attend the consultation with a close family member or significant other, since we believe family support and involvement is very important when you are struggling with an eating disorder. The doctor will also be interested in any medical or psychiatric problems you may have besides the eating disorder.

Common co-occuring psychiatric conditions include depression, anxiety, substance abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Co-occurring medical conditions that may bring patients to treatment include gastrointestinal symptoms, infertility problems or menstrual irregularities, osteoporosis, or chronic pain conditions. At the end of your evaluation, the consulting physician will review his or her impression and diagnosis of your condition and will make suggestions regarding the best next steps for you in terms of treatment. These suggestions may include recommendations for medication, psychotherapy, further testing, or consultation with another medical specialist in The Johns Hopkins Health System.

Does our program have published treatment outcomes?

You can read about patient satisfaction with our treatment program for anorexia nervosa. Reference: Guarda AS, Cooper M, Pletch A, Laddaran L, Redgrave GW, Schreyer CC. Acceptability and tolerability of a meal-based, rapid refeeding, behavioral weight restoration protocol for anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2020.

You can read about our treatment outcomes for anorexia nervosa in Hopkins BrainWise: A Weighty Approach to Anorexia Nervosa . Reference: Redgrave GW, Coughlin JW, Schreyer CC, Martin LM, Leonpacher AK, Seide M, Verdi AM, Pletch A, Guarda AS. Refeeding and weight restoration outcomes in anorexia nervosa: Challenging current guidelines. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(7):866-73. PMID: 25625572.

You can find additional information on published treatment outcomes for ARFID and AN in this peer reviewed research article (PMID: 30779365) from our program.

Other papers:

• Guarda AS, Schreyer CC, Fischer LK, Hansen JL, Coughlin JW, Kaminsky MJ, Attia E, Redgrave GW. Intensive treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa: The cost of weight restoration. Int J Eat Disord. 2017 Mar;50(3):302-306. PMID: 28130794.
• Redgrave GW, Schreyer CC, Coughlin JW, Fischer LK, Pletch A, Guarda AS. Discharge Body Mass Index, Not Illness Chronicity, Predicts 6-Month Weight Outcome in Patients Hospitalized With Anorexia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 25;12:641861. PMID: 33716836.
• Cooper M, Guarda AS, Petterway F, Schreyer C. Change in normative eating self-efficacy is associated with sixmonth weight restoration following inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. Eat Behav. 2021 Aug;42:101518. PMID: 33989938.
• Schreyer CC, Vanzhula IA, Guarda AS. Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on severity at admission and response to inpatient treatment for adult and adolescent patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Jan;56(1):182- 191. PMID: 36394170.

What insurance does the hospital take?

If you are being admitted to one of our hospital-based programs, both Inpatient and Partial Hospitalization, our business office will verify your benefits beforehand, and the admissions coordinator will contact you with information about your coverage. Admission to our program in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Psychiatry qualifies as a mental health hospitalization and will be authorized under the mental health portion of your insurance, not the medical portion. Please see the  Admissions  page for more information.

Helpful web links:

Note: You are being redirected to a web site outside of Johns Hopkins for informational purposes only. Johns Hopkins is not responsible for any aspect of the external web site.

• American Psychiatric Association: Expert Q&A - Eating Disorders
• National Institutes of Health Information on Eating Disorders

• Call to +1 844 889-9952

84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples

📝 eating disorders research papers examples, 🏆 best eating disorders essay titles, 🎓 simple research topics about eating disorders, ❓ eating disorders research questions.

• Eating Disorders, Physical and Mental Health Eating disorders can be defined as “illnesses in which the victims suffer severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related thoughts and emotions”.
• The Reproductive System Issues Some reproductive system complications are viewed with stigma in society especially sexually transmitted diseases and therefore young people fear coming forward with them.
• Eating Disorder in Psychiatric Nursing Practice The essay discusses an eating disorder case study from the perspective of a psychiatric nurse practitioner, including interview questions and a suggested care plan.
• Psychiatric Nursing: Eating Disorders in Teens A 16-year-old female is suffering from a variety of nutrition-related issues. This essay identifies steps for evaluating the patient’s condition and the appropriate treatments.
• Anorexia Nervosa and Other Weight Loss Reasons In the first part, the report addresses the conditions of bulimia and anorexia nervosa . In the second part, the paper presents the problem of minor patients’ and parents’ consent.
• Issues of Edema in an Anorexia Nervosa Case Despite its psychological nature, anorexia nervosa is frequently accompanied by physical symptoms such as edema (a common symptom or a complicating factor in anorexia nervosa).
• Anorexia and Bulimia: A Critical Analysis Anorexia is a nutritional disorder associated with a lack of appetite. As a result, individuals suffering from the disorder consume low quantities of food.
• Bulimia Nervosa in Women’s Health Context Plenty of women suffer from eating disorders, one of which is bulimia nervosa. This becomes rather important in terms of a rapidly increasing number of overweight and obese women.
• Epidemiology of Eating Disorders: Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality Rates
• Eating Disorders and Oral Health: A Scoping Review
• Binge Eating Disorder in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors
• Feeding and Eating Disorders in Infancy or Early Childhood
• Eating Disorders during Gestation: Implications for Mother’s Health, Fetal Outcomes, and Epigenetic Changes
• Successful Approaches for Treating Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa: Outpatient Treatment and Medical Management
• Meal Supervision during Medical Hospitalization for Eating Disorders
• Nursing Care Considerations for Patients with Eating Disorders
• Emotion-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Comorbid Obesity with Binge Eating Disorder
• Treating Bulimia Nervosa with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Eating Disorders in the Obstetric and Gynecologic Patient Population
• Psychiatric and Medical Comorbidities of Eating Disorders
• Identifying the Relationship between Depression and Binge Eating Disorder
• The Physical and Emotional Effects of Eating Disorders
• Duration of Untreated Eating Disorder and Relationship to Outcomes
• Gastric Necrosis after Binge Eating In Bulimia: Recovery from Eating Disorder after Total Gastrectomy
• Family-Based Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Nursing Case
• Assessing Quality of Life in Eating Disorder Patients
• The Inter-Relationships between Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders
• Toward Quantifying the Psychopathology of Eating Disorders from the Autonomic Nervous System Perspective
• Mitigating the Risk of Eating Disorders on Reproductive Health
• Anorexia Nervosa: Manifestations and Implications in Males vs Females
• Considerations of Eating Disorder Risk during Obesity Treatment
• Obesity and Eating Disorders: An Interactive and Complex Coexistence
• Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa as Compared through Behavior Manifestations and Psychological Processes
• Detecting Eating Disorder Patients in a General Practice Setting
• Yoga as an Adjunct Treatment for Eating Disorders: A Clinician Perspective
• Motivation-Enhancing Psychotherapy for Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa
• Food Insecurity and Binge Eating Disorder in Early Adolescence
• Early Intervention Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults with Eating Disorders
• Influence of Personal Anxiety on the Development of Eating Disorders
• Remote vs Face-to-Face Interventions for Bulimia Nervosa
• Remission from Chronic Anorexia Nervosa with a Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine
• Screening Instruments for Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
• E-Health Interventions for Eating Disorders: Emerging Findings, Issues, and Opportunities
• SCOFF: The Development of an Eating Disorder Screening Questionnaire
• Altered Pain Perception, Dietary Restraint and Drive for Thinness in Bulimia Nervosa
• Medical Risks of Severe Anorexia Nervosa During Initial Re-Feeding and Medical Stabilization
• Eating Disorders in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Binge Eating Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Management Challenges
• Dental and Periodontal Health in Adults with Eating Disorders
• Incidence and Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Individuals with Food Allergies
• Mental Health Literacy for Bulimic-Type Eating Disorders
• Executive Dysfunction in Eating Disorders: Relationship with Clinical Features
• Prevalence and Correlates of DSM-5 Eating Disorders in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
• Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa with Palmitoylethanolamide
• Presence of Eating Disorders and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women
• Addressing Weight Suppression to Improve Treatment Outcome for Bulimia Nervosa
• Screening for Binge Eating Disorder in People with Obesity
• Psychometric Properties of the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE–Q)
• Are Eating Disorders Culture-Bound?
• What Are the Challenges That Face a Psychotherapist Working with Eating Disorders?
• Is Night Eating Syndrome Distinct from Bulimia Nervosa?
• How Knowledge of Epigenetics May Advance Understanding of Eating Disorders?
• Are Eating Disorders More Common among Women than Men?
• Does Social Pressure Influence Eating Disorders among Adolescents?
• Disordered Eating vs an Eating Disorder: What Is the Difference?
• What Are the Psychosomatic Aspects of Eating Disorders Treatment?
• Why Are Eating Disorders So Common?
• How Does Bulimia Nervosa Relate to Addictive Behavior?
• Does Early Intervention Improve the Prognosis of Anorexia Nervosa?
• Could Treating an Eating Disorder Have a Positive Effect on the Obesity Epidemic?
• What Do Stress and Society Have to Do With Eating Disorders?
• How Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is Associated with Disordered Eating?
• Does Dieting Increase the Risk of Eating Disorders?
• How Does Anorexia Affect the Human Body and How One Can Recover?
• What Can Healthcare Providers Do to Prevent Eating Disorders in Adolescents?
• Is Bulimia Nervosa a Psychiatric Problem of Disorder?
• What Eating Disorders Are Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
• What Is the Difference between Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia?
• How Are Families Included in the Treatment of Adults Affected by Eating Disorders?
• Who Is Most at Risk for Developing an Eating Disorder?
• What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an Eating Disorder?
• How Do People with Eating Disorders Experience the Stigma Associated with Their Condition?
• What Are the Challenges in Treating and Recovering from an Eating Disorder?

Cite this page

Select style

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

NursingBird. (2024, June 4). 84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples. https://nursingbird.com/topics/eating-disorders-research-topics/

"84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples." NursingBird , 4 June 2024, nursingbird.com/topics/eating-disorders-research-topics/.

NursingBird . (2024) '84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples'. 4 June.

NursingBird . 2024. "84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples." June 4, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/eating-disorders-research-topics/.

1. NursingBird . "84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples." June 4, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/eating-disorders-research-topics/.

Bibliography

NursingBird . "84 Eating Disorders Research Topics & Essay Examples." June 4, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/eating-disorders-research-topics/.

• Emergency Department
• Critical Care
• Compulsive Overeating
• Bipolar Disorder

Eating disorders

An eating disorder is any disorder characterized primarily by a pathological disturbance of attitudes and behaviors related to food, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Other eating-related disorders include pica and rumination, which are usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood.

Adapted from APA Dictionary of Psychology

Resources from APA

How relevant is an eating disorder in a capital case?

Court case raises questions about how judges view different mental health disorders.

The silent epidemic of eating disorders

Cheri Levinson, PhD, discusses myths about eating disorders, as well as potential causes and treatments

What is interoception, and how does it affect mental health? 5 questions for April Smith

The Auburn University psychologist explores how awareness of physical and emotional sensations can contribute to eating disorders and suicidal behavior.

Can you be addicted to food?

Ashley Gearhardt, PhD, talks about why highly processed foods may trigger addiction, the difference between addiction and simply liking to indulge in treats, who is most at risk for food addiction, and more

More resources about eating disorders

APA publications

Physical Health of Men and Boys

My Big Fat Secret

Healthy Eating in Schools

Full Mouse, Empty Mouse

Beyond Body Positive

Polycystic ovary syndrome linked to greater risk of disordered eating in women

• Download PDF Copy

Women with the common reproductive and metabolic condition polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) face a greater risk of developing bulimia, binge eating disorder and disordered eating, according to new research published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. PCOS affects roughly one in eight women. Women who have the condition face an increased risk of developing metabolic problems such as diabetes, reproductive issues such as infertility, and psychological issues including anxiety and depression. Women are diagnosed when they have at least two of the three key features of PCOS: 

Increased numbers of ovarian follicles containing immature eggs (called polycystic ovaries) seen on ultrasound;

Slightly higher levels of testosterone or clinical symptoms of higher testosterone such as excess body hair; and 

Irregular or no menstrual periods. 

The systematic review and meta-analysis examined results from 20 cross-sectional studies across nine countries. The studies included data from 28,922 women with PCOS and 258,619 women who did not have the condition.

This analysis is the first time we've been able to confirm an increased risk of specific eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa, commonly called bulimia, and binge eating disorder. Many women with PCOS experience weight stigma, and that can be detrimental to mental health generally and contribute to disordered eating." Laura Cooney, M.D., M.S.C.E., study's first author, associate professor at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisc.

Related Stories

• Expert suggests a more integrated approach to treating people with eating disorders
• Could a Mediterranean diet be the secret to avoiding gestational diabetes?
• Breakthrough in aging research: Blocking IL-11 extends lifespan and improves health in mice

When the researchers analyzed the women by body-mass index (BMI), both those who were normal weight and those of higher weight had higher disordered eating scores compared to women without PCOS. This suggests that the association is not dependent on BMI, Cooney said. "Our findings emphasize the importance of screening women with PCOS for eating disorders before clinicians share any lifestyle advice," Cooney said. "The lifestyle modifications we often recommend for women with PCOS-;including physical activity, healthy diet and behavior modifications-;could hinder the recovery process for eating disorders. Health care providers need to be vigilant about screening for eating disorders in this population." The meta-analysis did not find an association between PCOS and the eating disorder anorexia. However, the authors caution that studies on anorexia and PCOS are more limited and there should always be a high suspicion for any disordered eating pathology in someone who is being evaluated for PCOS. Researchers conducted the study to inform the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline in PCOS, which was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Partner societies that co-sponsored the guideline include the Endocrine Society, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Other study authors include: Kaley Gyorfi and Awa Sanneh of the University of Wisconsin; Leeann M Bui of Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in Santa Clara, Calif.; Aya Mousa of Monash University in Melbourne, Australia; Chau Thien Tay and Helena Teede of Monash University and Monash Health in Melbourne, Australia; Elisabet Stener-Victorin of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden; and Leah Brennan of La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council funded the study through the Centre for Research Excellence for Women's Health in Reproductive Life and the Centre for Research Excellence in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The Endocrine Society

Cooney, L. G., et al. (2024) Increased Prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism .  doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae462 .

Posted in: Medical Research News | Women's Health News

Tags: Anorexia , Anxiety , Binge Eating Disorder , Bone , Bone Health , Bulimia Nervosa , Depression , Diabetes , Diet , Eating Disorder , Embryology , Endocrine , Endocrinology , Hair , Health Care , Hormone , Infertility , Medical Research , Medicine , Mental Health , Metabolism , Obesity , Ovaries , Pathology , Physical Activity , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Reproduction , Research , students , Syndrome , Testosterone , Ultrasound

Suggested Reading

Cancel reply to comment

• Trending Stories
• Latest Interviews
• Top Health Articles

Addressing Important Cardiac Biology Questions with Shotgun Top-Down Proteomics

In this interview conducted at Pittcon 2024, we spoke to Professor John Yates about capturing cardiomyocyte cell-to-cell heterogeneity via shotgun top-down proteomics.

A Discussion with Hologic’s Tim Simpson on the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening

Tim Simpson

Hologic’s Tim Simpson Discusses the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening.

From Waste to Taste: The Transformative Power of Fermented Foods

Maria Marco

In this interview conducted at Pittcon 2024 in San Diego, Maria Marco discusses her research on the health benefits, safety, and waste reduction potential of fermented foods, and the microbial processes involved in their production.

Latest News

Newsletters you may be interested in

Your AI Powered Scientific Assistant

Hi, I'm Azthena, you can trust me to find commercial scientific answers from News-Medical.net.

A few things you need to know before we start. Please read and accept to continue.

• Use of “Azthena” is subject to the terms and conditions of use as set out by OpenAI .
• Content provided on any AZoNetwork sites are subject to the site Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy .
• Large Language Models can make mistakes. Consider checking important information.

Great. Ask your question.

Azthena may occasionally provide inaccurate responses. Read the full terms .

While we only use edited and approved content for Azthena answers, it may on occasions provide incorrect responses. Please confirm any data provided with the related suppliers or authors. We do not provide medical advice, if you search for medical information you must always consult a medical professional before acting on any information provided.

Your questions, but not your email details will be shared with OpenAI and retained for 30 days in accordance with their privacy principles.

Please do not ask questions that use sensitive or confidential information.

Read the full Terms & Conditions .

Provide Feedback

Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

People with eating disorders are characterized by unusual food intake behaviors. These individuals who suffer from eating disorders are at risk of dying, especially those who get diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). The biological basis of existence of AN includes long-term determinants of Deoxyribonucleic acid that cause the body to lose weight but the patient overlooks the same. Anorexia is influenced by brain changes and genes, which comprise the biological basis of evidence regarding this eating disorder. People with anorexia nervosa are not highly interested in food and may be sensitive to the amount they take and the weight that may be gained. In terms of brain changes, anorexia is associated with the absence of gray and white substances in the brain where sulci enlarge for a person with the disorder, as shown in Figure 1 below (Carlson & Birkett, 2021). The brain tissue shrinks and catalyzes a person to ignore the impending dangers of their lifestyle when it comes to eating. In a healthy person who does not have the disorder, the tissue structures in the brain are normal, as shown in part B.

The other biological evidence is genetic factors that may influence anorexia nervosa. Between 58-76% of the variability in the diagnosis for anorexia is controlled by genes (Carlson & Birkett, 2021). For instance, children will inherit tissue formations in the brain from their parents, which may be easily affected by shrinking anorexia nervosa from their parents. (Schlegl et al., 2020). Genetic factors contribute to anorexia’s etiology due to the molecular approaches that are characterized by deterioration of physical health. The serotonin pathway receptors are essential in controlling molecular substrates that facilitate the physiology of food intake. Other crucial elements that are genetic include dopamine peptides that regulate energy intake and how it is consumed in the body (Schlegl et al., 2020). In this case, a person with genes that are receptive to dopamine-containing neurons may have this eating disorder. This disorder needs to be contained by utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological medications.

Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2021). Ingestive behavior. In Foundations of behavioral neuroscience (10 th ed., pp. 299–300). Pearson.

Schlegl, S., Maier, J., Meule, A., & Voderholzer, U. (2020). Eating disorders in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of patients with anorexia nervosa . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 53 (11), 179-180. Web.

• The Menace of Obesity to Depression and Anxiety Prevalence
• The Medico-Legal Costs of Practicing Physicians
• Genes, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), and Heredity
• Anorexia as Eating Disorder
• Treatments of Anorexia Nervosa
• Vaccination Hesitancy in Ireland and the United Kingdom
• Healthcare Services in the USA: CLAS Standards
• Chasing Zero: Winning the War on Healthcare Harm
• Closer Regulation of Tobacco Products
• Preventing Never Events: Resilient Healthcare Principles
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 25). Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa. https://ivypanda.com/essays/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa/

"Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa." IvyPanda , 25 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa'. 25 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa." February 25, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa/.

1. IvyPanda . "Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa." February 25, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa." February 25, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa/.

Heading Off Alcohol Use Disorder

Take action when the consequences of alcohol use disorder are easiest to reverse..

Updated August 1, 2024 | Reviewed by Gary Drevitch

• What Is Alcoholism?
• Find a therapist to overcome addiction
• Waiting for drinkers to hit bottom is risky and means it likely that problem drinking becomes alcoholism.
• New insights and research support brief and early interventions and treatment to reduce harm.
• Pre-addiction, like prediabetes, often precedes raging disease, thus treatment should begin at this point.
• Future addiction evaluations with genes and comorbidity analyses may allow individualized and best treatments.

Many people don’t realize they have an alcohol problem. Yet early indicators of alcohol issues show that if attention were paid, excessive drinking might be headed off before alcoholism develops. For example, experts now recognize a pre-addiction stage of alcohol use disorder (AUD). If a person is identified with pre-addiction before alcohol issues become entrenched and then receives treatment, major emotional and physical pain could be averted. This post covers the range of problematic alcohol use from pre-addiction to AUD. It also describes existing and potential treatments.

Identifying Possible Problems: Brief Interventions

The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) encourages medical providers to screen patients for alcohol consumption and initiate interventions aimed at harm reduction . Yale’s Joel Gelertner studied heavy drinking and compared it to lower levels of alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and relationships with mental and physical health. Habitual heavy drinking is genetically similar to AUD -an important risk for developing alcohol dependence.

Most heavy drinkers do not have AUD but may benefit from feedback leading to their making healthy changes. All heavy drinkers need counseling from physicians—called a brief intervention— to reduce risks for alcohol-related harm. Sadly, fewer than 10% of individuals needing treatment for AUD receive treatment. In addition, less than 2% receive one of the three FDA-approved and effective medications for AUD. Teresa Rummans, MD , Professor and Chair at Mayo Clinic, says, “We see too many patients whose lives have been changed because of their drinking. We need to intervene and start treatment earlier. We have excellent treatments for AUD, but few patients taking them. More patients take MATs [ Medication -assisted treatment] for OUDs [opioid use disorders] than people taking medications for their AUDs, even though more deaths are associated with AUD."

Understanding Pre-Addiction

With pre-addiction, there is a high risk of developing a substance use disorder (SUD), but the person isn’t there yet. The person in the pre-addiction phase is starting to experience social, psychological, or physical impairments due to alcohol, but these outcomes are not yet severely disrupting daily life. Pre-addiction, if untreated, leads to alcohol use disorder.

Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), calls for alcohol problems to be identified whenever possible in the pre-addiction phase .

Volkow explains, “Far too often, the expectation is that someone must hit ‘rock bottom’ before treatment can work. But this is a myth that can have dire consequences. By then, the damage is consequential, and the road to recovery is much harder. Factually, the best time to get help is as soon as possible.”

Volkow adds, "A diagnosis of pre-addiction could similarly serve as an alert to the individual about a behavioral pattern with potentially major—but also very preventable—health and life consequences down the road. It could create a different inflection point, one that recruits the patient more actively as an agent in their own health and wellness.”

Alcohol Use Disorder

Addiction to alcohol means a person feels compelled to use alcohol. Alcohol use disorder is a chronic, lifelong, relapsing illness undermining happiness , work, relationships, and free will .

Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), with 2.1 million members worldwide, has assisted people to regain control over alcohol use since 1935. There are also medications effective in treating AUD, such as naltrexone and other drugs. In addition, newer or emerging treatments may include GLP-1s and psychedelics as well as neuromodulation (like TMS).

Self-help groups

AA meetings are free and nonjudgmental, and they are available day or night and even multiple times a day in many cities. Successful AA members usually become sponsors once they have been senior members in recovery for at least a year. A sponsor is a confidante with essential lived experiences and can be called 24/7 for help.

Sponsors help new members work on the 12 steps toward sobriety and offer accountability. Studies have shown that sponsorship leads to better treatment outcomes, and those in 12-step programs with sponsors have better attendance and more involvement in the group.

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT)

The most commonly used and recognized MAT for alcohol use disorders is naltrexone, taken orally or as an injection. Naltrexone helps decrease total drinks consumed per day, cravings, and pleasurable effects of alcohol. Injectable Naltrexone (Vivitrol) injections are given once a month, providing a way to get beneficial effects for 30 days at a time. Patients can and do drink while taking naltrexone, but it is less pleasurable, and they also take Naltrexone to prevent or decrease anticipated likely drinking events.

Acamprosate (Campral), usually taken three times a day, is another medication for AUD. Extensive evidence proves Naltrexone and acamprosate reduce heavy drinking and promote abstinence. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is another medication FDA-approved to treat alcohol use disorder, but it is used very infrequently.

Since the 1970s, I have researched and written scientific papers on oral naltrexone and injectable naltrexone (Vivitrol). Taking Vivitrol for 3-6 months while going to 90 AA meetings in 90 days is often recommended after residential detox or treatment. Making the commitment to take one Vivitrol shot helps overcome the ambivalence of taking a daily pill. However, it is rarely the approach offered or accepted by patients. Dr. Rummans says, “It is a very good approach, but many who are struggling with addiction either don’t want to take another medication, or they only want to take it for a short period of time, or they prefer to take a reinforcing medicine similar to the substance they were addicted to.”

Many people struggle to achieve lasting recovery from alcohol dependence, highlighting the need to individualize patient treatment based on their life history, genes , coexisting illnesses, and other issues. “Evaluation of the patient for co-existing medical and psychiatric diseases is an important part of the assessment of patients with AUDs, but too often ignored or complicated by detoxification,” said Rummans. For example, AUD patients with major depression have significantly more relapses .

Psilocybin and other new treatment options for AUD

New research has found that psilocybin reduces alcohol consumption in rats by altering the left nucleus accumbens in the brain . While we wait for definitive trials leading to FDA medication approvals in humans, promising studies using neuromodulation of the brain as well as treatment with ketamine and other psychedelics are encouraging. Most recently, real-world human studies have been very positive in reporting decreases in drinking for diabetic patients treated with GLP-1s (think Ozempic and Wegovy). Animal studies also show that GLP-1 receptor agonists suppress the rewarding effects of alcohol and reduce alcohol consumption.

Alcohol misuse is a leading preventable cause of death in the United States. AUD is undertreated and marked by guilt , shame , and stigma , too often ending in despair and suicide . According to the Journal of the American Medical Association , 37% of alcohol abusers have at least one serious mental illness. Among people dying by suicide, AUD is the second-most-common mental disorder, involved in 1 in 4 suicide deaths. Rather than wait for people to “bottom out,” we need to intervene much sooner with regular alcohol screening and identification of pre-addiction. Earlier treatment saves suffering and lives. AUD medications work but are rarely prescribed or taken. Current AUD medications are the same MATs we’ve had for decades. AUD treatment failures are more likely when we do not treat comorbidities. Further research on neuromodulation (TMS), ketamine, psychedelics, and GLP-1 receptor agonists may increase patient and physician interest in AUD treatment.

McLellan AT, Koob GF, Volkow ND. Preaddiction-A Missing Concept for Treating Substance Use Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 1;79(8):749-751. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1652. PMID: 35793096.

Srivastava AB, Gold MS. Naltrexone: A History and Future Directions. Cerebrum. 2018 Sep 1;2018:cer-13-18. PMID: 30746025; PMCID: PMC6353110.

Wang W, Volkow ND, Berger NA, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R. Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real-world population. Nat Commun. 2024 May 28;15(1):4548. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48780-6. Erratum in: Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 18;15(1):5177. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49655-6. PMID: 38806481; PMCID: PMC11133479.

Celik M, Gold MS, Fuehrlein B. A Narrative Review of Current and Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Brain Sci. 2024 Mar 20;14(3):294. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14030294. PMID: 38539681; PMCID: PMC10969323.

Mark S. Gold, M.D., is a pioneering researcher, professor, and chairman of psychiatry at Yale, the University of Florida, and Washington University in St Louis. His theories have changed the field, stimulated additional research, and led to new understanding and treatments for opioid use disorders, cocaine use disorders, overeating, smoking, and depression.

• Find a Therapist
• Find a Treatment Center
• Find a Psychiatrist
• Find a Support Group
• Find Online Therapy
• United States
• Brooklyn, NY
• Chicago, IL
• Houston, TX
• Los Angeles, CA
• New York, NY
• Portland, OR
• San Diego, CA
• San Francisco, CA
• Seattle, WA
• Washington, DC
• Asperger's
• Bipolar Disorder
• Chronic Pain
• Eating Disorders
• Passive Aggression
• Personality
• Goal Setting
• Positive Psychology
• Stopping Smoking
• Low Sexual Desire
• Relationships
• Child Development
• Self Tests NEW
• Therapy Center
• Diagnosis Dictionary
• Types of Therapy

Sticking up for yourself is no easy task. But there are concrete skills you can use to hone your assertiveness and advocate for yourself.

• Emotional Intelligence
• Gaslighting
• Affective Forecasting
• Neuroscience

Olympic boxer at center of gender eligibility controversy wins bizarre first bout

PARIS – Algeria's Imane Khelif, one of two female Olympic boxers disqualified from the 2023 world championships after failing gender eligibility tests, entered the ring Thursday at the Paris Games .

Her bout ended in abrupt and bizarre fashion.

Khelif prevailed when Italy’s Angela Carini stopped fighting after 46 seconds.

Carini was punched in the nose and shortly afterward said she didn't want to fight anymore, according to Italian coach Emanuele Renzini

"After one punch she feel big pain,'' Renzini told reporters,.

Carini wept when speaking with reporters after the fight and spoke only in Italian. Translation of her comments was not immediately available.

But Renzini said Carini had been told not to take the fight and it had been weighing on her as the bout approached.

During the first round, Carini consulted with her coach twice before the fight was halted. Officially, Khelif won by ABD (abandoned).

Opinion: Olympic female boxers are being attacked. Let's just slow down and look at the facts

The crowd at North Paris Arena greeted Khelif with cheers before the abbreviated fight at the Summer Olympics and several Algeria flags were seen among the crowd. The fight in the welterweight division at 66 kg (146 pounds) was scheduled for three three-minute rounds.

The issue of gender eligibility criteria surfaced at the 2023 world championships when Khelif and Lin Yu-Ting of Taiwan both won medals in the women’s competition before tournament officials announced the boxers had failed gender eligibility tests. They were stripped of their medals.

This week the International Olympic Committee (IOC) said the two boxers met criteria to compete in Paris, sparking discussion about gender eligibility tests .

Get Olympics updates in your texts!  Join USA TODAY Sports' WhatsApp Channel

The world championships are overseen by the International Boxing Association (IBA), long plagued with scandal and controversy.

Last year the IOC banished the IBA and developed an ad-hoc unit that ran the Olympic boxing tournament at the Tokyo Games in 2021 and is doing the same here.

The IOC did not detail the criteria met by Khelif and Yu-Ting to compete here and in Tokyo, but did say the boxers’ passports state they are women.

Yu-Ting, 28, is scheduled to begin competition Friday against Sitora Turdibekova of Uzbekistan in the featherweight division at 57 kg (126 pounds).

Are you as obsessed with following Team USA as we are? Thought so. Subscribe to our Olympics newsletter Chasing Gold here.