apa format for nursing books

• University of Michigan Library
• Research Guides
• APA Style 7th
• How to Search
• Identifying & Evaluating Resources
• Academic Integrity
• E-Books & E-Journals
• Citation Management Tools This link opens in a new window
• Levels of Evidence
• Evidence Resources
• Health Statistics This link opens in a new window
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• NIH Public Access Policy This link opens in a new window

Additional Help

• Purdue OWL: APA 7th Edition Style Guide This resource, revised according to the 7th edition, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page.
• Purdue OWL APA 7th Edition Overview This is an excellent place to start to learn about APA format.
• UMGC's APA 7th Edition Examples An easy to navigate guide with examples of what your APA citations should look like for many different types of sources.
• Sweetland Center for Writing Need help with writing? The Sweetland Center for Writing can help, with personal consultations & online resources.
• Citation Help Guide
• Ask a Librarian Message library staff, including after business hours & on weekends.

Official Manual (catalog link)

Examples below are taken from Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, “Reference Examples.” 

Official Tutorial

• Academic Writer Tutorial: Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style A free tutorial about APA 7th edition from the American Psychological Association.

APA 7th ed. Examples

• Reference List
• Journals & periodicals
• Journal article with a DOI
• Journal article without a DOI
• Newspaper & magazine articles

Arrange entries in the Reference List in alphabetical order by surname of the first author. For more than one work by the same author, arrange in date order, earliest first. One-author entries precede multiple-author entries beginning with the same surname.

The general format for periodical articles (items published on a regular basis, like newspapers, magazines,and  journals):

Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (year). Title of article.  Title of Periodical, xx,  pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

When there are up to twenty authors, spell out all authors’ names. After the nineteenth author, use ellipses before the last author’s name.

APA style requires the addition of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for journal articles if one is available. Most current journals articles and many historic articles found in PsycINFO will have a DOI.

If retrieving an article from a private database (examples of private databases include ProQuest or PsycInfo), it is not necessary to include the database information in your reference. However, if there is no DOI available for a journal article, you should look up the home page URL of the journal and include it in your reference.

Journal article with a DOI  ( Manual  section 10.1.1)

McCauley, S.M., & Christiansen, M.H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development.  Psychological Review, 126 (1), 1-51.  https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

Journal article without a DOI, from a print journal or database  ( Manual  section 10.1.3)

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.  Educational Leadership ,  76 (1), 26-33.

Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicated calibration of love, especially in adoption.  Chicago Tribune .

Journal article without a DOI, with a non-database URL  ( Manual  section 10.1.2)

 Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L.J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S.D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students.  Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31 (1), 17-39, https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31

Newspaper article  ( Manual  section 10.1.16)

Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions.  The Washington Post.  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologists-have-some-predictions/

Magazine articles   ( Manual  section 10.1.15)

Bergeson, S. (2019, January 4). Really cool neutral plasmas.  Science , 363 (6422), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988

Bustillos, M. (2013, March 19). On video games and storytelling: an interview with Tom Bissell.  The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with-tom-bissell

Citing References in Text (Manual, section 8.10)

APA style uses an author-date format for in-text citations. Every reference cited in the text of your document should be included in the reference list. Generally speaking, the author’s last name and year of publication should be inserted into the text when appropriate. If the author’s name is part of the narrative, then the publication year alone is included in parentheses. If the author’s name is not part of the narrative, then both the author’s last name and the publication year is included in the parentheses.

One author  ( Manual  section 8.10)

Karaka (1884) describes the religious customs and traditions of the Parsis settled in Gujarat.

One of the most prominent men of the time had a close relationship with the British (Karaka, 1884).

Multiple authors  ( Manual  section 8.17 - 8.18)

If a work has two authors, then include both names every time the reference occurs in the text.

Forte and Hewitt (2006) propose the idea that

For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity. To avoid ambiguity, when the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references.

Kapoor, Bloom, Montez, et al. (2017)

Kapoor, Bloom, Zucker, et al. (2017)

Book Citations

• Book with a DOI
• Book without a DOI
• Book chapter
• Reference book
• Entry from online reference work
• Government report

From Manual section 10.2.20

Brown, L.S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000

From Manual  section 10.2.21.

Burgess, R. (2019).  Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power.  Routledge.

From Manual section 10.2.22

Christian, B., & Griffiths, T. (2016). Algorithms to live by: The computer science of human decisions. Henry Holt & Co.

From Manual section 10.2.

For a chapter in an authored book, create a reference for the whole book (see "Book..." examples) and provide the chapter information with the in-text citation only.

From Manual section 10.2

Zalta, E.N. (Ed.). (2019). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/

From  Manual section 10.3.48

Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/

Entry in an online reference work, no individual author or editor ( Manual section 10.3.47)

Merriman-Webster (n.d.). Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary . Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-report

From Manual section 10.4.50. See also  Citing Gov Docs .

Australian Government Productivity Commission & New Zealand Productivity Commission. (2012). Strengthening trans-Tasman economic relations. https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/australia-new-zealand/report/trans-tasman.pdf

Citations for Other Types of Resources

• Websites or Web article
• Web message/comment or Blog post
• Wikipedia or other wiki entry
• Video or Film

To mention a website in general, do not create a reference list entry or an in-text citation. Instead, include the name of the website in the text and provide the URL in parentheses ( Manuel  10.16). If you are citing multiple or specific documents on a website, however, follow the example(s) below.

Web article with author listed  ( Manual  10.16.112)

Martin Lillie, C.M. (2016, December 29). Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliancy. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-compassion-can-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193

Web article with no author listed  (http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/web-page-no-author.aspx)

Justice Sotomayor:  A boon for business? (2009). Retrieved from http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=7449

Web message/post/comment with author listed  ( Manual  section 10.1.18)

KS in NJ. (2019, January 15). From this article, it sounds like men are figuring out something that women have known forever. I know of many [Comment on the article "How workout buddies can help stave off loneliness"]. The Washington Post. https://wapo.st/2HDToGJ

Provide the comment title or up to the first 20 words of the comment, then write "Comment on the article" and the title of the article on which the comment appeared.

Blog post  ( Manual  section 10.1.17)

Use the author’s name if known, otherwise use a screen name.

Klymkowsky, M. (2018, September 15). Can we talk scientifically about free will?  Sci-Ed.  https://blogs.plos.org/scied/2018/09/15/can-we-talk-scientifically-about-free-will/

From  Manual  10.3.49

List of oldest companies. (2019, January 13). In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_companies&oldid=878158136

Cite the archived version of the page so that readers can retrieve the version you used. Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting "View history" and then the time and date of the version you used. If a wiki does not provide permanent links to archived versions of the page, include the URL for the entry and the retrieval date.

(Example from APA.org )

O'Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

Video on website such as YouTube  ( Manual  section 10.12.90)

Fogarty, M. [Grammar Girl]. (2016, September 30).  How to diagram a sentence (absolute basics) . [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/deiEY5Yq1qI

Film  ( Manual  section 10.12.84)

Jackson, P. (Director). (2001).  The lord of the rings: The fellowship of the ring  [Film; four-disc special extended ed. on DVD]. WingNut Films; The Saul Zaentz Company.

From Manual  Section 10.12.87

Korsh, A. (Writer & Director). (2019, September 25). One last con (Season 9, Episode 10) [TV series episode]. In D. Liman & D. Bartis (Executive Producers),  Suits . Untitled Korsh Company; Universal Content Productions; Open 4 Business Productions.

Nursing Guides & Resources: APA Formatting & Citations

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• Introduction to Nursing Research
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• Nursing Theory
• APA Formatting & Citations
• PICO Questions
• SEWS Student Resources
• Develop a Topic
• Search Methods
• Evaluating Sources
• Scholarly Reading & Writing
• Information Literacy This link opens in a new window

APA Formatting for Nurses

This guide is designed to help nursing students navigate the intricacies of APA formatting, providing essential resources and practical tips for creating professional and academically rigorous papers.

All About APA

Citation Tools

Student Paper Checklist

Manuals & Books

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association : the official guide to APA style (2020)

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association  (7th ed.) is essential for academic writing in the social sciences, covering formatting, citations, and data presentation. It ensures clarity and accuracy in writing, reflecting current academic publishing standards, and is widely trusted by students and professionals.

Applying multiculturalism : an ecological approach to the APA guidelines (2024)

Applying Multiculturalism: An Ecological Approach to the APA Guidelines (2024) integrates diverse perspectives into APA style, emphasizing inclusive language and respectful representation of identities. This approach fosters cultural sensitivity and equity in academic writing, aligning with modern diversity principles.

Writing for Publication in Nursing and Healthcare: Getting It Right (2021)

Writing for Publication in Nursing and Healthcare: Getting It Right (2021) provides essential guidance for nurses and healthcare professionals on effective academic writing and navigating the publication process. It focuses on improving writing skills and successfully contributing to scholarly literature in the field.

APA Resources

Bias-Free Language

The APA Style page on "Bias-Free Language" provides guidelines to help writers avoid language that perpetuates bias or discrimination.

For more detailed information, you can visit the full page on Bias-Free Language .

In-Text Citations

The APA Style page on "Citations" provides guidelines for properly citing sources in academic writing, ensuring that writers give appropriate credit to the original authors and avoid plagiarism.

For detailed guidance, you can visit the full page on APA Citations .

Paper Formatting

The APA Style website provides detailed guidelines on how to format papers according to the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. This is essential for students, researchers, and professionals who need to adhere to APA style in their written work.

For more detailed information and specific examples, visit the full page on APA Paper Format .

The APA Style page on "References" provides guidelines for creating accurate and consistent reference lists at the end of academic papers.

For detailed guidance and specific examples, you can visit the full page on APA References .

Tables & Figures

The APA Style page on "Tables and Figures" provides guidelines for effectively presenting data in academic papers through tables and figures.

For more detailed guidance and specific examples, you can visit the full page on APA Tables and Figures .

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APA Style, 7th edition - Citing Sources

• Getting Started
• Formatting the Paper
• Dissertation & SPP Formatting
• Student vs. Professional
• Writing Style
• All about the DOI
• OVERVIEW - READ FIRST!

Book (hard copy)

Chapter in a book.

• Dictionary Entry
• Government Report
• Journal Article
• Lecture Notes
• Legal Resources
• Lexicomp via UpToDate
• Magazine Article
• Newsletter Article
• Newspaper Article
• Online Course or MOOC
• Organization Report
• Social Media
• Tables & Figures
• Video: Films on Demand
• Video: Online
• Video: Psychotherapy.net
• Video: YouTube
• APA Paper Review (Regis Students Only)

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2018). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.).Wolters Kluwer Health.

Parenthetical citation: (Polit & Beck, 2018)

Narrative citation: Polit and Beck (2018)

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (2nd ed., pp. #–#). Publisher.

de Chesnay, M., Hart, P. L., & Brannon, J. (2016). Cultural competence and resilience. In M. de Chesnay & B. A. Anderson (Eds.), Caring for the vulnerable: Perspectives in nursing theory, practice, and research (4th ed., pp. 33-47). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Parenthetical citation: (de Chesnay et al., 2016)

Narrative citation: de Chesnay et al. (2016)

More information about citing specific chapters can be found here on the APA Style site.

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Nursing & Medicine Research Guide: APA 7th Ed. Citations, Paraphrasing, and More

• Overview - Best Links for Research
• Books, eBooks, & Study Guides
• Health Science Reference Books
• Selected Journals & Current Articles
• Federal, State & Local Resources
• International & Private Foundation Sites
• More Recommended Websites
• Consumer Health Sites
• Video Tutorials: Keywords, Peer-review, How to Read Articles, & More
• APA 7th Ed. Citations, Paraphrasing, and More
• Endnote Reference Manager

Get Up to Speed with NEW APA Style 7th Edition VIDEO Resources!

APA Style 7th Edition: Student Paper Formatting

An audio/visual guide to formatting student research papers by Samuel Forlenza, PhD (for Contents time stamps, link to YouTube - ad supported). This video highlights how to properly set up an APA Style paper for students, which includes setting margins and font; creating a title page; organizing the main text with section headings; and (if needed), formatting pages for references, footnotes, tables, figures, and appendices. For textual instructions, go to Handouts and Guides - Paper Format.

APA Style 7th Edition: Professional Publication Paper Formatting

An audio/visual guide to formatting student research papers by Samuel Forlenza, PhD (for Contents time stamps, link to YouTube - ad supported). This video highlights how to properly set up an APA Style paper for Professional Publication. For textual instructions, go to Handouts and Guides - Paper Format.

APA Style 7th Edition: In-Text Citations, Quotations, and Plagiarism

An audio/visual guide to formatting your in-text citations by Samuel Forlenza, PhD (for Contents time stamps, link to YouTube - ad supported).This video will go through what plagiarism is and how to avoid it; how to cite sources using both parenthetical and narrative in-text citations; how to cite organizations, multiple sources at once, and avoid duplicate citations; and how to quote shorter and longer passages.

APA Style 7th Ed.: Reference Lists (Journal Articles, Books, Reports, Theses, Websites, more!)

An audio/visual guide to formatting your Reference List by Samuel Forlenza, PhD (for Contents time stamps, link to YouTube - ad supported). This video demonstrates how to format a reference list page and use a hanging indent; the four different elements of a reference list entry; and how to reference journal articles, books, chapters, reports, presentations, theses, and websites, plus numerous variations. For a textual resource, go to Reference Quick Guide.

Creating References Using Seventh Edition APA Style

The APA Style team, in cooperation with the American Library Association, provides an in-depth look at the simplified 7th ed. reference system. This video describes the rationale behind it, how to format references using it, and the ways in which references are easier to create because of it. Most importantly, it demonstrates how to cite a work found online. The APA Style experts use real-life examples to walk through the process of creating references for a variety of common webpages and websites, including ones with missing or hard-to-locate information, found via a database, and needing electronic source information (DOIs, URLs, and retrieval dates).

What’s New in APA Style—Inside the Seventh Edition of the Publication Manual of the APA

This What's New video is by the editors of the 7th edition style guide produced in cooperation with the American Library Association. It provides a comprehensive narrative of significant changes in the new edition. For a chapter-by-chapter textual guide to changes, see What’s New in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (PDF, 1MB) .

APA Style Official Guide, 7th ed. TEXTUAL Resources

APA citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in a research paper. The APA Citation Style is often used for courses in psychology, education, business and other social sciences.

• APA 7th. ed. Style and Grammar Guidelines

Citation Machine

• Generate a Citation in APA 7th ed. Style!

Examples of APA Style for a Variety of Resources

• Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. Authoritative resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.

Why You Need to Cite Sources

Quick Guide to Paraphrasing

Plagiarism, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

• What is Plagiarism? Tutorial By the University of Southern Mississippi libraries.
• How to Avoid Plagiarism: Paraphrasing and Summarizing By the University of Southern Mississippi libraries.
• Avoiding Plagiarism - Safe Practices From Purdue's Online Writing Center (OWL), includes sections on Best Practices for Research and Drafting as well as Revising, proofreading, and finalizing your paper.

Citation Tools

How to use Citation Tools in our Databases - Tutorial

Legacy Links for APA Style, 6th ed.

APA Style Central for the 6th ed. - On this site, you will find limited archived information for the previous edition of the guide.

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APA Style 7th ed - Citation Guide for Nursing & Health Sciences

• In-Text Citations
• Articles (Online)
• Articles (Print)

Notes on Ebooks

Ebook, basic format, ebook without a doi, with a nondatabase url, including open textbooks, ebook without a doi, from library database, ebook chapter from library database, online encyclopedia article from library database.

• Clinical Practice Guidelines
• CPS and Mobile Apps
• Webpages & Websites
• Government Publications
• Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers
• Audiovisual Media
• Secondary Sources (Indirect quotes)
• Sample Papers and Writing Help
• ZoteroBib and Zotero
• Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI 
• If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI 
• For ebooks without DOIs from most library databases (e.g. Gale Virtual Reference Library, Proquest Ebook Central, Safari Books Online) do not include a URL or database information. (Publication Manual, 2020, p. 299)
• For works without DOIs from websites (not including library databases), provide a URL.

Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of work. Publisher Name. doi:xxxx  (Work with a DOI)

Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of work. Publisher Name. http://www.xxxxxx  (Work on a website with URL, but no DOI)

Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of work. Publisher Name. (Work from library database with no DOI)

Basic Format

Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (YEAR).  Title of work: Subtitle of work.  Publisher. URL

Reference List

Doyle, G.R, & McCutcheon, J.A.. (2019). Clinical procedures for safer patient care . BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/

(Doyle & McCutcheon, 2019)

Lastname, F. M. (Editor). (YEAR).  Title of work: Subtitle of work. Publisher.

Bishop, V. (Ed.). (2009). Leadership for nursing and allied health professionals . Open University Press.

(Bishop, 2009)

Lastname, F. M. (YEAR). Title of Chapter. In F. M. Lastname (Editor),  Title of work: Subtitle of work  (edition, pages). Publisher.

Raphael, D. (2016). Social structure, living conditions, and health. In D. Raphael (Ed.), Social determinants of health: Canadian perspectives (3rd ed., pp. 32-56). Canadian Scholars Press.

Stanley, D. (2009). Clinical leadership and the theory of congruent leadership. In V. Bishop (Ed.),  Leadership for nursing and allied health care professions  (pp. 142-163). Open University Press.

(Raphael, 2016)

(Stanley, 2009)

Lastname, F. M. (YEAR). Title of article. In F. M. Lastname & F. M. Lastname (Editors),  Title of encyclopedia.  Publisher.

Dai, D. Y. (2008). Intelligence and intellectual development. In N. J. Salkind & K. Rasmussen (Eds.),  Encyclopedia of educational psychology. Sage Publications.

(Dai, 2008)

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APA (7th ed.) Citation Style Guide: Nursing Resources

• Paper Format Guidelines
• Four Elements of a Reference
• Missing Reference Information
• In-Text Citations
• Secondary Sources
• Tables and Figures
• Book Sections (Chapters)
• Reference Works
• Business Sources
• Audiovisual Material
• Social Media & Software
• Government Documents
• Open Textbooks
• Course Related Material
• Personal Communications
• Further Examples
• Legal Citation
• Nursing Resources

Canadian Nursing Textbook Adapted from an American Edition

LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (Eds.). (2013). Nursing research in Canada: Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization (3 rd Cdn. ed.) (C. Cameron & M. D. Singh, Cdn. Adapt.). Elsevier Canada.

Parenthetical citation: (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2013)

Narrative citation: LoBiondo-Wood and Haber (2013)

Berry, C. A., & Yost, J. (Eds.). (2013). Study guide for nursing research in Canada: Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization (3 rd Cdn. ed.) (J. Samuels-Dennis, Cdn. Adapt.). Elsevier, Canada.

Parenthetical citation: (Berry & Yost, 2013)

Narrative citation: Berry and Yost (2013)

Potter, P. A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P.A., & Hall, A.M. (Eds.). (2014). Canadian fundamentals of nursing (5 th Cdn. ed.) (J. C. Ross-Kerr, M. J. Wood, B. J. Astle & W. Duggleby, Cdn. Adapt.). Elsevier Canada.

Parenthetical citation: (Potter et al., 2014)

Narrative citation: Potter et al. (2014)

Lewis, S. L., Dirksen, S. R., Heitkemper, M. M., Bucher, L., & Camera, I. M. (Eds.). (2014). Medical-surgical nursing in Canada: Assessment and management of clinical problems (3 rd Cdn. ed.) (M. A. Barry, S. Goldsworthy & D. Goodridge, Cdn. Adapt.). Elsevier Canada.

Parenthetical citation: (Lewis et al., 2014)

Narrative citation: Lewis et al. (2014)

DSM 5 Online

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

DSM 5 Online - Section

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Gender Dysphoria. In  Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders  (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Book, Chapter from a Canadian Adaptation of an American Edition

Kushner, K. E. (2014). Community health nursing practice. In P. A. Potter, A. G. Perry, P. A. Stockert, & A. M. Hall (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (5th Cdn. ed.) (pp. 42-53) (J. C. Ross-Kerr, M. J. Wood, B. J. Astle, & W. Duggleby, Cdn. Adapt.).  Elsevier Canada.

Parenthetical citation: (Kushner, 2014)

Narrative citation: Kushner (2014)

Book, Adapted Chapter from a Canadian Adaptation of an American Edition

Malick, L. B. (2010). Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances (O. Sanchez, Cdn. Adapt.). In S. L. Lewis, M. M. Heitkemper, S. R. Dirksen, L. Bucher, & P. G. O’Brien (Eds.), Medical-surgical nursing in Canada: Assessment and management of clinical problems (2 nd Cdn. ed.) (pp. 362-391) (M. A. Barry, S. Goldsworthy, & D. Goodridge, Cdn. Adapt.). Elsevier Canada.

Parenthetical citation: (Malick, 2020)

Narrative citation: Malick (2020)

Book, Chapter from an Electronic Version of a Print Book (Canadian adaptation) without DOI

Reutter, L., & Kushner, K. E. (2014). Health and wellness.  In P.A. Potter, A. G. Perry, P. A. Stockert, & A. M. Hall (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (5th Cdn. ed.) (pp. 1-14) (J. C. Ross-Kerr, M. J. Wood, B. J. Astle, & W. Duggleby, Cdn. Adapt.). https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978-1-926648-53-8/pages/8409180

Parenthetical citation: (Reutter & Kushner, 2014)

Narrative citation: Reutter and Kushner (2014)

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Nursing: APA Format

• Reading Scholarly Articles
• Finding Articles for Your Assignments
• Cover Page & Title
• Reference Page Format
• Hanging Indents
• In-Text Citations
• Quoting vs Paraphrasing
• Two or More Authors
• Edited Book
• Academic Article from Library Database
• Magazine Article from a Library Database
• eBook from a Library Database
• Web Page with Named Author
• Web Page with Organizational Author
• Web Page with No Author
• Web Page with No Date
• Online Academic Journal Article
• QSEN Website (Nursing)
• Online Video (YouTube, TED, etc)
• Online Pictures
• Personal Interview

Your APA paper should be set up with the following format.

Be sure to carefully read through your assignment instructions. Some instructors may want your papers set up differently.

• Double spaced throughout 
• 12 point font
• Times New Roman or Arial font (or as directed by your instructor)
• One inch margins - this is usually the default setting when you open a new document
• The beginning of each paragraph is indented - use the Tab key to indent
• Page numbers in the upper right corner
• Title listed again on page 2
• References page on a separate page at the end
• If you have a non-American version of Word, you will need to set the paper size to Letter. And be sure your font is set to left aligned, except for places where we specify that something should be centered.

For more directions on the cover page, title and page numbers, see the section on the  Cover Page & Title . 

If you are required to use Headings or an Abstract for your paper, don't worry! We have help pages for those too! Click on the drop down menu under the APA Format tab above.

APA Sample Papers & Template

MLA provides several sample papers on their website. To see how an MLA paper should look, check out one of the samples below.

• APA Sample Paper - Basic
• APA Sample Paper - with Headings
• Word APA Template

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Reference List: Books

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

The following contains a list of the most commonly cited print book sources. E-books are described on our "Electronic Sources" page . For a complete list of how to cite print sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual. 

Note: If available, APA 7 requires a DOI for all works that have one — whether print or digital. If a print work does not have a DOI do not include it in the reference citation.

Basic Format for Books

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher Name. DOI (if available)

Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend . Yale University Press.

Edited Book, No Author

Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher. DOI (if available)

Leitch, M. G., & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019).  A new companion to Malory . D. S. Brewer.

Edited Book with an Author or Authors

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Malory, T. (2017). Le morte darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469-70)

A Translation

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (T. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR) DOI (if available)

Plato (1989). Symposium (A. Nehamas & P. Woodruff, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company. (Original work published ca. 385-378 BCE)

Note : When you cite a republished work, like the one above, in your text, it should appear with both dates: Plato (385-378/1989)

Edition Other Than the First

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# edition). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Note : When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references. List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp. 66-72).

Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory  (pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.

Multivolume Work

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (Vol. #) . Publisher. DOI (if available)

David, A., & Simpson, J. (Eds.). (2006). The Norton anthology of English literature: The Middle Ages (8 th ed.,Vol. A). W. W. Norton and Company.

Generate accurate APA citations for free

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• APA Style 7th edition
• APA format for academic papers and essays

APA Formatting and Citation (7th Ed.) | Generator, Template, Examples

Published on November 6, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on September 5, 2024.

The 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual provides guidelines for clear communication , citing sources , and formatting documents. This article focuses on paper formatting.

Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr

Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA format guidelines:

• Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides.
• Double-space all text, including headings.
• Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches.
• Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt., Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).
• Include a page number on every page.

Let an expert format your paper

Our APA formatting experts can help you to format your paper according to APA guidelines. They can help you with:

• Margins, line spacing, and indentation
• Font and headings
• Running head and page numbering

Table of contents

How to set up apa format (with template), apa alphabetization guidelines, apa format template [free download], page header, headings and subheadings, reference page, tables and figures, frequently asked questions about apa format.

Scribbr Citation Checker New

The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as:

• Missing commas and periods
• Incorrect usage of “et al.”
• Ampersands (&) in narrative citations
• Missing reference entries

References are ordered alphabetically by the first author’s last name. If the author is unknown, order the reference entry by the first meaningful word of the title (ignoring articles: “the”, “a”, or “an”).

Why set up APA format from scratch if you can download Scribbr’s template for free?

Student papers and professional papers have slightly different guidelines regarding the title page, abstract, and running head. Our template is available in Word and Google Docs format for both versions.

• Student paper: Word | Google Docs
• Professional paper: Word | Google Docs

In an APA Style paper, every page has a page header. For student papers, the page header usually consists of just a page number in the page’s top-right corner. For professional papers intended for publication, it also includes a running head .

A running head is simply the paper’s title in all capital letters. It is left-aligned and can be up to 50 characters in length. Longer titles are abbreviated .

APA headings have five possible levels. Heading level 1 is used for main sections such as “ Methods ” or “ Results ”. Heading levels 2 to 5 are used for subheadings. Each heading level is formatted differently.

Want to know how many heading levels you should use, when to use which heading level, and how to set up heading styles in Word or Google Docs? Then check out our in-depth article on APA headings .

The title page is the first page of an APA Style paper. There are different guidelines for student and professional papers.

Both versions include the paper title and author’s name and affiliation. The student version includes the course number and name, instructor name, and due date of the assignment. The professional version includes an author note and running head .

For more information on writing a striking title, crediting multiple authors (with different affiliations), and writing the author note, check out our in-depth article on the APA title page .

The abstract is a 150–250 word summary of your paper. An abstract is usually required in professional papers, but it’s rare to include one in student papers (except for longer texts like theses and dissertations).

The abstract is placed on a separate page after the title page . At the top of the page, write the section label “Abstract” (bold and centered). The contents of the abstract appear directly under the label. Unlike regular paragraphs, the first line is not indented. Abstracts are usually written as a single paragraph without headings or blank lines.

Directly below the abstract, you may list three to five relevant keywords . On a new line, write the label “Keywords:” (italicized and indented), followed by the keywords in lowercase letters, separated by commas.

APA Style does not provide guidelines for formatting the table of contents . It’s also not a required paper element in either professional or student papers. If your instructor wants you to include a table of contents, it’s best to follow the general guidelines.

Place the table of contents on a separate page between the abstract and introduction. Write the section label “Contents” at the top (bold and centered), press “Enter” once, and list the important headings with corresponding page numbers.

The APA reference page is placed after the main body of your paper but before any appendices . Here you list all sources that you’ve cited in your paper (through APA in-text citations ). APA provides guidelines for formatting the references as well as the page itself.

Creating APA Style references

Play around with the Scribbr Citation Example Generator below to learn about the APA reference format of the most common source types or generate APA citations for free with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator .

Formatting the reference page

Write the section label “References” at the top of a new page (bold and centered). Place the reference entries directly under the label in alphabetical order.

Finally, apply a hanging indent , meaning the first line of each reference is left-aligned, and all subsequent lines are indented 0.5 inches.

Tables and figures are presented in a similar format. They’re preceded by a number and title and followed by explanatory notes (if necessary).

Use bold styling for the word “Table” or “Figure” and the number, and place the title on a separate line directly below it (in italics and title case). Try to keep tables clean; don’t use any vertical lines, use as few horizontal lines as possible, and keep row and column labels concise.

Keep the design of figures as simple as possible. Include labels and a legend if needed, and only use color when necessary (not to make it look more appealing).

Check out our in-depth article about table and figure notes to learn when to use notes and how to format them.

The easiest way to set up APA format in Word is to download Scribbr’s free APA format template for student papers or professional papers.

Alternatively, you can watch Scribbr’s 5-minute step-by-step tutorial or check out our APA format guide with examples.

APA Style papers should be written in a font that is legible and widely accessible. For example:

• Times New Roman (12pt.)
• Arial (11pt.)
• Calibri (11pt.)
• Georgia (11pt.)

The same font and font size is used throughout the document, including the running head , page numbers, headings , and the reference page . Text in footnotes and figure images may be smaller and use single line spacing.

You need an APA in-text citation and reference entry . Each source type has its own format; for example, a webpage citation is different from a book citation .

Use Scribbr’s free APA Citation Generator to generate flawless citations in seconds or take a look at our APA citation examples .

Yes, page numbers are included on all pages, including the title page , table of contents , and reference page . Page numbers should be right-aligned in the page header.

To insert page numbers in Microsoft Word or Google Docs, click ‘Insert’ and then ‘Page number’.

APA format is widely used by professionals, researchers, and students in the social and behavioral sciences, including fields like education, psychology, and business.

Be sure to check the guidelines of your university or the journal you want to be published in to double-check which style you should be using.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Streefkerk, R. (2024, September 05). APA Formatting and Citation (7th Ed.) | Generator, Template, Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 13, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/format/

Is this article helpful?

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Other students also liked, apa title page (7th edition) | template for students & professionals, creating apa reference entries, beginner's guide to apa in-text citation, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..".

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / Book Citations / Learn how to cite “Fundamentals of nursing” by Potter et al.

Learn how to cite “Fundamentals of nursing” by Potter et al.

Learn how to create in-text citations and a full citation/reference/note for Fundamentals of nursing by Potter et al. using the examples below. Fundamentals of nursing  is cited in 14 different citation styles, including MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, APA, ACS, and many others.

If you are looking for additional help, try the EasyBib citation generator .

Popular Citation Styles

Here are Fundamentals of nursing citations for five popular citation styles: MLA, APA, Chicago (notes-bibliography), Chicago (author-date), and Harvard style.

Additional Styles

Here are Fundamentals of nursing citations for 14 popular citation styles including Turabian style, the American Medical Association (AMA) style, the Council of Science Editors (CSE) style, IEEE, and more.

Find citation guides for additional books linked here .

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Academic Integrity and APA Citation

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The OC Academic Integrity Policy governs student and faculty academic conduct. 

Read and review the  academic integrity policy ., pay close attention to  section 6, academic violations., subsection (a) plagiarism (i)  submits or presents work of another person or from artificial intelligence, in whole or part, as that of the student's own work;, therefore, using artificial intelligence to generate content and cut and paste it directly from the artificial intelligence application into your assignment or research paper is considered an academic violation., you need to paraphrase the content and properly cite the source of that information., subsection(b) cheating (iv)  unless permitted by the instructor/tutor, a student using artificial intelligence tools for coursework submitted for evaluation"., therefore, using artificial intelligence in your coursework is considered cheating unless authorized by your instructor.  , what are the repercussions, if you are alleged to of violating the oc  academic integrity policy you can be held to account for your actions under the  procedures for academic integrity misconduct ., about plagiarism, plagiarism is in violation of the  academic integrity policy .  learn more about academic integrity and plagiarism by taking the new moodle student academic integrity course. , see the oc calendar 'general academic regulations and policies on plagiarism. "plagiarism is the presentation of another person's work or ideas without proper or complete acknowledgement"    (okanagan college [oc], 2013,  calendar )., examples of plagiarism:, copying phrases, sentences, pictures, statistics, graphs, videos or other information without citing the source, failing to use quotation marks to indicate copied information, summarizing or paraphrasing ideas or information without citing the original source, listing a source on the references page but failing to refer to the publication within the body of the assignment., "students are responsible for learning and applying the proper scholarly practices for acknowledging the work and ideas of others". (oc, 2013,  calendar ): this student responsibility applies in all formats (print, online and others)., paraphrasing   is the practice of restating another author's thoughts in one's own words - this is how you protect yourself from being accused of plagiarization., paraphrasing is a method that helps you to accurately share someone else's ideas without simply repeating their words verbatim. from a technical perspective, paraphrases typically exhibit a significant equivalence of meaning across a given text length. a paraphrase is a sentence or phrase that conveys the same meaning as another sentence or phrase using a different set of words., paraphrasing always requires that you cite the original source.

• Paraphrasing Versus Quoting This short video explores the differences between quoting and paraphrasing and teaches when to use them to the best effect. More about this database... less... Paraphrasing Versus Quoting. . (2023).[Video/DVD] Makematic. https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/paraphrasing-versus-quoting
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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association( 7th ed.)

Consult the print version of the apa style manual in your campus library's reference collection for more in-depth information: bf 76.7 .p83 2020, oc library's apa citation style resources.

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APA Style Examples from APA

Comprehensive list of online examples from APA

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The APA manual is the official style guides published by the American Psychological Association. Copies of the manual are available in the Library and the Bookstore. APA is the reference system for psychology, business, and health disciplines.

In-text citation (generic example), (author(s), date), reference list citation (generic example), surname, first initial. (date). title. source title . publication specific details., oc library  apa style guide, short guide to apa citation, common examples & basic citation rules, follows 2020 apa publication manual, 7th ed., pdf   version, apa uses an  author-date citation format  (ie. smith, 2010), regardless of the resource you are citing, you will likely  need an author, date, title, source, and specific format information (such as a volume number, page numbers, a url, publisher, etc.) ., the information required for your citation will depend on what you are citing (book, journal article, report, etc.) and the format (print, online)., what is a doi (digitial object identifier)   and when do i need one crossref offers a doi  look-up tool . copy and paste portions of your citation and it will find the doi if available. , keep track of your sources as you work. backtracking to relocate a source can be time-consuming and frustrating.

The fair dealing provisions contained in the Canadian Copyright Act permit the use of a copyright-protected work without permission from the copyright owner or the payment of copyright royalties. 

Octopus content, research databases a-z, e-journals, etextbooks, and course resources list contain licensed content, most of which is copyrighted protected material. the oc copyright fair dealing policy is based on the concept of "fair dealing." fair dealing is a user's right in copyright law that permits using or "dealing" with a copyright-protected work without permission or paying copyright royalties (fees). , the fair dealing exception in the  copyright act  allows you to use other people’s copyright-protected material for the purpose of research, private study, education, satire, parody, criticism, review or news reporting, provided that what you do with the work is ‘fair.’, the oc copyright fair dealing policy identifies how much of a copyrighted work can be used (copy) for education, research and private study purposes. , note: if your use is for criticism, review or news reporting, you must also mention the source and author of the work for it to be fair dealing., for further information, see copyright - fair dealing policy . , warning  , you should not upload any content you obtain through the library to an artificial intelligence tool. the library signs contracts with different vendors and publishers, which set out specific terms and conditions that users are responsible for complying with when accessing content. while what is permitted is not uniform across all resources, most agreements do not allow for the uploading of copyright-protected works to third-party platforms, including genai tools. .

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Nursing Program Playbook

Citing ati textbooks.

Looking for sources? Search EBSCO or QuickSearch .

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Here's how to cite your ATI textbooks. An example of how to cite a chapter from the book is located under each entry.

Questions? Contact [email protected]

• Legal responsibilities. (2023). In Fundamentals of nursing (11th ed., pp. 17-22). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Renal disorders. (2023). In Nutrition for nursing (8th ed., pp.87-90). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Culture of safety in delivering care. (2023). In Nursing leadership and management (9th ed.,pp.63-79). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Medications for joint and bone conditions. (2023). In RN pharmacology for nursing (9th ed., pp.261-270). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Emergency preparedness. (2023). In RN community health nursing (9th ed., pp. 75-80). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Physical assessment findings. (2023). In RN pediatric nursing (12th ed., pp. 9-16). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Fetal assessment during labor. (2023). In RN maternal newborn nursing (12th ed., pp. 89-96). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Stress management. (2023). In RN mental health nursing (12th ed., pp. 49-52). Assessment Technologies Institute.
• Neurologic diagnostic procedures. (2023). In RN adult medical surgical nursing (12th ed. pp.27-33). Assessment Technologies Institute.
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• Free Tools for Students
• APA Citation Generator

Free APA Citation Generator

Generate citations in APA format quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

🤔 What is an APA Citation Generator?

An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

It will usually request vital details about a source -- like the authors, title, and publish date -- and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official APA style guide.

Formatted citations created by a generator can be copied into the bibliography of an academic paper as a way to give credit to the sources referenced in the main body of the paper.

👩‍🎓 Who uses an APA Citation Generator?

College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these learning levels. Before college, in middle and high school, MLA style is more likely to be used. In other parts of the world styles such as Harvard (UK and Australia) and DIN 1505 (Europe) are used more often.

🙌 Why should I use a Citation Generator?

Like almost every other citation style, APA style can be cryptic and hard to understand when formatting citations. Citations can take an unreasonable amount of time to format manually, and it is easy to accidentally include errors. By using a citation generator to do this work you will:

• Save a considerable amount of time
• Ensure that your citations are consistent and formatted correctly
• Be rewarded with a higher grade

In academia, bibliographies are graded on their accuracy against the official APA rulebook, so it is important for students to ensure their citations are formatted correctly. Special attention should also be given to ensure the entire document (including main body) is structured according to the APA guidelines. Our complete APA format guide has everything you need know to make sure you get it right (including examples and diagrams).

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's APA Citation Generator?

Our APA generator was built with a focus on simplicity and speed. To generate a formatted reference list or bibliography just follow these steps:

• Start by searching for the source you want to cite in the search box at the top of the page.
• MyBib will automatically locate all the required information. If any is missing you can add it yourself.
• Your citation will be generated correctly with the information provided and added to your bibliography.
• Repeat for each citation, then download the formatted list and append it to the end of your paper.

MyBib supports the following for APA style:

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite “Nursing theories and nursing practice” by Marlaine Smith

Apa citation.

Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. Simply copy it to the References page as is.

If you need more information on APA citations check out our APA citation guide or start citing with the BibguruAPA citation generator .

Smith, M. (2020). Nursing theories and nursing practice (5th ed.). F.A. Davis Company.

Chicago style citation

Formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style 17 th edition. Simply copy it to the References page as is.

If you need more information on Chicago style citations check out our Chicago style citation guide or start citing with the BibGuru Chicago style citation generator .

Smith, Marlaine. 2020. Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.

MLA citation

Formatted according to the MLA handbook 9 th edition. Simply copy it to the Works Cited page as is.

If you need more information on MLA citations check out our MLA citation guide or start citing with the BibGuru MLA citation generator .

Smith, Marlaine. Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice . 5th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2020.

Other citation styles (Harvard, Turabian, Vancouver, ...)

BibGuru offers more than 8,000 citation styles including popular styles such as AMA, ASA, APSA, CSE, IEEE, Harvard, Turabian, and Vancouver, as well as journal and university specific styles. Give it a try now: Cite Nursing theories and nursing practice now!

Publication details

This is not the edition you are looking for? Check out our BibGuru citation generator for additional editions.

Archive: APA 6th Edition: Nursing Paper Example: APA Setup & Template

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Sample APA Paper

This guide has has been put together by the State College of Florida BSN Faculty for the Nursing Department.  It can be used as a template. It does show appropriate APA set-up for a paper. Models the following:

• Running Head
• References  
• SCFNursingPaperExampleGuide

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