drought in rajasthan 2002 case study

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Application of meteorological and vegetation indices for evaluation of drought impact: a case study for Rajasthan, India

2010, Natural Hazards

Related Papers

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Dr. Aqil Tariq

Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science

AZiZURRAHMAN SIDDIQUI , Arnab Kundu

Remote Sensing for Natural Resources Monitoring and Management

Arnab Kundu

In the present study we focused on spatio-temporal pattern of agricultural drought using satellite derived vegetation indices i.e. Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) respectively. Satellite data was collected from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) based Vegetation Health Product (AVHRR-VHP). The TCI, VCI and VHI were useful to evaluate the spatial characteristics, pattern and severity of agricultural drought and were in a good agreement with rainfall pattern integrated with geo-spatial techniques.

IRJET Journal

Parthiban Raja

Increasing temperature and altered precipitation patterns, leads to the extreme weather events like Drought which drastically affects the agricultural production. Agricultural drought is nothing but the decline in the productivity of crops due to irregularities in the rainfall as well as decrease in the soil moisture, which in turn affects the economy of the nation. As the Indian agriculture is largely dependent on the Monsoon, a slight change in it affects the production as well as the crop yield drastically. The agricultural drought monitoring, assessment as well as management can be done more accurately with the help of geospatial techniques like Remote Sensing. Krishnagiri is an important district in the part of Tamilnadu. The study area falls between North latitudes 12° 16' N & 12° 88' N and East longitude 77° 50' E & 78° 55' E (Fig. 1) and covers an area about 5143 km2It is a drought prone region and falls within the most arid band of the country. The district relies on the traditional agricultural based economy; hence the impact of drought on the agriculture not only affects the production but also the livelihood of common man. The purpose of the study is to analyze the vegetation stress in the region krishnagiri district with the calculation of NDVI values and the land surface change classification). The MODIS data is used for the calculation of NDVI as well as Land surface temperature. The Combination of (NDVI) normalized difference vegetation index and LST, provides very useful information for agricultural drought monitoring and early warning system for the farmers. By calculating the correlation between rainfall analysis and NDVI, it can be clearly noticed that they show a high negative correlation. The correlation between Rainfall analysis and NDVI is -0.635 for the -0.586 for the year 2017.The LST when correlated with the vegetation index it can be used to detect the agricultural drought of a region, as demonstrated in this work.

http://www.jamba.org.zaOpen AccessJàmbá - Journal of Disaster Risk Studies

Daniel H Mlenga

Eswatini, as the rest of southern Africa, is being frequented by drought over the last decade, and modelling experts are predicting that drought years will become more and severe. The expected increase in extreme climatic events makes the use of drought indices essential for drought monitoring and early warning. To enable Eswatini to better prepare, analyse and respond to drought, this study analysed the use of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) for near-real-time drought monitoring through the development of a model for drought severity. Meteorological stations across all agro-ecological zones with data for the period 1986–2017 were selected for analysis. The SPI computation was achieved through DrinC software. Primary NDVI data sources were CHIRPS gridded rainfall dataset and the MODIS NDVI CMG data. Results of the 3-month SPI indicated that moderate droughts were experienced in 1990/1991, 2005/2006, 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2015/2016. The Highveld and Middleveld had the lowest drought occurrence percentage of 3.3%, whereas the likelihood of having a moderate, severe and extreme drought was higher in the Lowveld. The study determined a positive correlation between the SPI and the NDVI at 3-month time scale, and a value of Y (drought severity) greater than 0.54 indicated a significant dry spell and could be used as a drought trigger threshold for early warning. The combined use of NDVI and SPI was deemed capable of providing a near-real-time indicator for drought conditions allowing planners to provide timely information for drought preparedness, mitigation and response planning, thereby helping to lower the eventual drought relief costs, protect food security and reduce the humanitarian impact on the population.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental

Luciano Saboya

Davoud Akhzari

Drought is a major problematic phenomenon mostly for semi-arid areas of Iran. During drought periods, reduction in vegetation levels causes such problems as soil erosion, surface runoff, flood risk, etc. Therefore, the assessment of drought effects on plant covers is the most important issue. This research was conducted in 2015 using the extracted vegetation indices from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor data during 2000-2008. In Esfahan province, monthly rainfall data from 25 stations were used to derive the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at 3 month scale, March to September. SPI was used to validate three index results in drought estimation. The result of calculating SPI showed that droughts occurred in 2000, 2001 and 2008. The result of Pearson correlations between SPI and Vegetation Indices showed thatthe highest correlation was related to VCI index and the lowest correlation was related to TCI index. The result of NDVI index in 2000, 2001 and ...

Ni-Bin Chang

Water Resources Research

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

RELATED PAPERS

Indian Geographical Journal

BalaSundareshwaran A , K. Kumaraswamy

Ramesh P. Singh

Water Resources Management

H. Vangelis

Nicolas Dalezios

Mark Svoboda

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium

Xiaobing Zhou

Dr. Nairwita Bandyopadhyay

ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

Arpit Chouksey

Meteorological Applications

Vinay Patel

D. Khalili , Shahrokh Zand-parsa

Current World Environment

Parthsarthi Pandya

Henry Ayobami Fagoroyo

Natural Hazards

Manoj Khanna

Bình Nguyễn Thanh

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

Drought in Rajasthan : 2002

Jul 31, 2014

350 likes | 1.89k Views

Drought in Rajasthan : 2002. Event 5. Rajasthan Drought:2002. Drought detected is the well documented Rajasthan drought. Drought loomed in all the 32 districts of Rajasthan with a deficit rainfall of 53.4%

Share Presentation

• water table
• deficit rainfall
• rajasthan drought

Presentation Transcript

Drought in Rajasthan : 2002 Event 5

Rajasthan Drought:2002 • Drought detected is the well documented Rajasthan drought. Drought loomed in all the 32 districts of Rajasthan with a deficit rainfall of 53.4% • Approximately 40 million people and 50 million cattle were affected. The water table went down, wells and handpumps went dry.

Source : http://www.who.int/disasters/repo/8056.doc

• More by User

Coping with Drought Drought Resistant Plants

Coping with Drought Drought Resistant Plants Darrell Blackwelder Cooperative Extension-Rowan County

1.6k views • 44 slides

Presentation on Integrating Social Perspectives in Drought Monitoring – Practices in State of Rajasthan

Presentation on Integrating Social Perspectives in Drought Monitoring – Practices in State of Rajasthan. Disaster Management & Relief Department Government of Rajasthan. Integrating Social Prospective in Drought Monitoring – Best Practices. What is Drought

797 views • 48 slides

Overview of WMO Drought Activities

Overview of WMO Drought Activities. Robert Stefanski Agricultural Meteorology Division Climate Prediction and Adaptation Branch Climate and Water Department. Outline. Drought as Global Issue Drought Early Warning Systems Overview of WMO Drought Activities

512 views • 26 slides

Drought Happens! Perspectives from Kentucky's Past

Drought Happens! Perspectives from Kentucky's Past. Stuart A. Foster Kentucky Climate Center Western Kentucky University. Drought Mitigation and Response Advisory Group Frankfort, Kentucky May 29, 2008. Drought of 2007. April 3 rd. August 21 st.

586 views • 39 slides

Effectiveness of Anti-Drunken Driving Campaign: Rajasthan Experiment Design

Effectiveness of Anti-Drunken Driving Campaign: Rajasthan Experiment Design . By Nina Singh, IPS Inspector General of Police, Rajasthan. Rajasthan:Geographical Location. Background. Road Accidents killed more than 9,100 people and injured more than 31,000 in Rajasthan (2010)

375 views • 27 slides

Sunspot Cycles and the Drought of 2001-2002

Sunspot Cycles and the Drought of 2001-2002. Kyle Martin. Mainstem Hydrologist. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. Portland, Oregon. Two Years of Dryness?.

272 views • 12 slides

rajasthan honeymoon tour packages

Rajasthan honeymoon packages - Book honeymoon packages in Rajasthan, find Rajasthan honeymoon package or select honeymoon packages in Rajasthan. Explore exciting Rajasthan Tourism with cheap vacation packages.

284 views • 1 slides

Theme 7: Drought

Theme 7: Drought . LWR 314 Prof Sue Walker. Summary . What is drought? Definitions Planning for Drought 10 step plan Monitoring Drought Indices Predicting drought Seasonal forecasts Long-term Rainfall analysis Mitigation of drought Water conservation.

1.91k views • 24 slides

Monitoring drought

Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project. Monitoring drought. Basic Climat ology Oklahoma Climatological Survey. DEFINING DROUGHT. First off, just what is drought?. Define a tornado Define a severe thunderstorm Define a hurricane Define a volcanic eruption

919 views • 65 slides

Horn of Africa Drought Situation and Response

Horn of Africa Drought Situation and Response. Marko Lesukat, Plan International. Regional Drought Overview . South Sudan. Overview of Presentation. Overall situation – Late responses Drought Calendar and implications + Secondary factors to the drought Plans and other INGOs/UN Responses

635 views • 14 slides

Drought Stress

Drought Stress. Erich Baker. Most drought stress genes ABA-dependent. Resource conservation mode Common to many stress response pathways In drought, often produced in roots, then migrates Over 300 ABA-induced genes identified (2006). Inhibits division of cells, slowing growth

872 views • 11 slides

What is El Nino and will it end our drought?

What is El Nino and will it end our drought?. What has caused the drought?. We have been experiencing drought conditions since September, 2007. We've also been in a very strong La Nina cycle, the opposite of El Nino.

403 views • 10 slides

MDM -RAJASTHAN

MDM -RAJASTHAN. 1. MID-DAY-MEAL-SCHEME. GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHAN. MDM -RAJASTHAN. 2. 85723. 6770832. CHILDREN. MID-DAY-MEAL-SCHEME-Rajasthan Objectives. 3. Enhancement in nutritional status of school going children. Encourage enrollment and regularity in attendance.

1.07k views • 32 slides

The Drought

Surviving. The Drought. Background . High Corn Prices Scarce hay supply Drought Heat. Impact on-. Summer Grazing Winter Feed Water Supply Nitrates / Poisonous Plants. What do I do to meet needs when forage quality is not the issue but forage quantity is? DROUGHT!. Assess Situation.

1.12k views • 85 slides

Drought Response Feb 1 Webinar

The National Disaster Response Framework (NDRF)  and Drought Response Across Agencies and Organizations Webinar February 1, 2013. Drought Response Feb 1 Webinar. Introductions:  Steve Cain NDRF and drought - Colleen Callahan, USDA NDRF and drought - Steve Castaner , FEMA

304 views • 7 slides

National Horticulture Mission

National Horticulture Mission. Annual Action Plan 2009-10. Rajasthan Horticulture Development Society Directorate of Horticulture, Pant Krishi Bhawan, Jaipur. Rajasthan. Rajasthan Agro-ecological situation. Rajasthan is endowed with diverse soil and weather conditions

457 views • 24 slides

1.13k views • 85 slides

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , Rajasthan

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , Rajasthan. Rajasthan Council of Elementary Education, Jaipur. You are welcome in 32 nd Quarterly Review Meeting of Finance Controllers At Jaipur , Rajasthan. i / kkjks Egkjs ns’k. Population Statistics of the State. Rajasthan-At a glance.

582 views • 25 slides

East African Drought Case Study

East African Drought Case Study. Laura Hagerott Year 11. “Worst drought in 60 years: 12 million Africans face 'fight for survival’” (NBC NEW – WORLD BLOG). WHAT IS A DROUGHT?. Prolonged period of abnormal precipitation Results in a shortage of resources

698 views • 15 slides

Drought and Heat Wave of 2012

Drought and Heat Wave of 2012. Midwest and Great Plains. Worst drought since 1956 with ~60% of contiguous U.S. under drought, worst agricultural drought since 1988 38% of corn crop in poor-very poor condition. This was the largest corn crop acreage planted since 1937

453 views • 24 slides

Rajasthan Tour Package India

Rajasthan Four Wheel Drive offers the best Rajasthan tour packages in India that promises you a diverse genre of experience in its every province. Choose the Rajasthan tourism packages according to your needs and requirements and find out new and unexplored parts of Rajasthan. For more information, visit our website.

651 views • 8 slides

Rajasthan Film Festival Praposal File

The rajasthan film festival is a award show in India (additionally referred to as rff awards) provided yearly to honor and inspire both artist and technical excellence of artist in rajasthan cinema, rajasthan and hindi language films made in rajasthan. The inception of award started out in 2013 and the rite is held in jaipur(rajasthan)each year in month in september.The maximum recent one was held in jaipur bagh rajasthan.

542 views • 24 slides

Analysis of rainfall and drought in Rajasthan state, India

• Global Nest Journal 17(1):12

• Central University of Rajasthan
• This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.

Abstract and Figures

Discover the world's research

• 25+ million members
• 160+ million publication pages
• 2.3+ billion citations
• NAT HAZARDS
• Vandana Choudhary
• Milap Punia
• Suman Bhattacharyya
• Environ Dev Sustain

• M A Mohammed-Aslam

• Nour el houda Abed

• Sunaina Alok
• Harminder Singh Baweja

• Motoyoshi Ikeda

• K. Durgalakshmi
• K. Muni Krishna

• CURR SCI INDIA

• Pallavee Tyagi

• Nolan J. Doesken
• Recruit researchers
• Join for free
• Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up

• Firstpost Defence Summit
• Entertainment
• Web Stories
• Health Supplement
• First Sports
• Fast and Factual
• Between The Lines
• Firstpost America

Drought in Rajasthan: Poor groundwater situation, erratic rains in Barmer indicate ecological distress across Thar desert

With agriculture and cattle rearing being the only means of livelihood for locals of Thar desert, persistent drought has forced residents to migrate to other regions within the state while many others continue to cope with cascading effects of drought.

Editor’s note:  Rajasthan’s relationship with summer is not a pleasant one. The shortage of water in the region only adds to the misery of the people. Even before the onset of summer, over 5,000 villages in nine districts in Rajasthan — Barmer, Churu, Pali, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Hanumangarh and Nagaur were declared ‘drought-affected’ by the state government. The drought in this area affects the economy of the region as employment options dry up and people start migrating to neighbouring states like Gujarat to survive. This five-part series will examine the reasons and problems related to one of the worst drought conditions in the region. This is the first-part of the series.

Barmer: Barmer district in Rajasthan is evidence of alarming changes in ecological indicators across the Thar desert. While total rainfall received in the region has registered an increase, its uneven distribution during monsoon season has affected crops putting farmers in distress. In 2017, Sheo-Kawas and Dhorimanna-Gudamalani belt of Barmer district received 245 mm rainfall just in last week of July which caused flood-like conditions in many parts of the district, but the state government same year had to declare 1,900 out of 2,775 villages of the district ‘drought-affected’.

With agriculture and cattle rearing being the only means of livelihood for locals of Thar desert, persistent drought has forced residents to migrate to other regions within the state while many others continue to cope with cascading effects of drought, which hampers agricultural production, results in shortage of drinking water and fodder, and affects both, human and animal health. Crop loss and low purchasing power have pushed the region into poverty.

Of the total cultivated 15,73,029 hectare land in 2016, crops on 10,95,230 hectare were destroyed due to the failure of monsoon. While the losses were not as bad in 2017—crop loss of 6,88,095 hectare of the total cultivated 15,50,213 hectare in 2018—saw a severe drought as crops grown on 12,61,513 hectare were lost of the total cultivated 15,18,190 hectare area.

The rural population of Barmer depend on the government to provide relief during times of drought whose inefficient management of relief efforts pushes them towards the common practice of seasonal migration.

Erratic rainfall

This strange phenomenon where the district has registered an increase in average rainfall over the years but also had to face drought almost every year in the last decade has posed a challenge in this largely rainfed agricultural region. While the average rainfall of the district was 275 mm in the last 10 years, it is 343 mm at present.

Of the total geographical area of 28,17,332 hectare, 18,63,365 hectare in Barmer is cultivable area. Of the total cultivable area, about 80 percent is rainfed region while rest is irrigated. Among the irrigated land, 5.15 percent area is irrigated with canal water while 31.09 percent is irrigated with open wells and remaining 63.73 percent using tube wells.

Pradeep Pagariya, a scientist at Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Barmer, says the region has been receiving more rainfall since past few years, but across a shorter period. Away from the normal monsoon of four months, the region now receives rainfall only for two months, which could even be limited to only a month at times.

Barmer in 2017 received 95 mm rainfall in June and 245 mm in July, but only 18 mm in August and saw no rain in September. Some parts of the district, approximately 208 villages of Dhorimanna, Gudamalani, Sindhary, Balotra and parts of Sheo tehsil received excess rainfall and faced flood situation, which also affected the crops. The district administration takes into account the crop assessment report to declare a district ‘drought-hit’.

Overexploitation of groundwater

Western Rajasthan, which encompasses Jalor, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Bikaner districts, comes under an arid zone that has a high temperature, low humidity, low rainfall, erratic and poor textured soils. Agriculture system in this region is mostly rain-fed, mono-crop and of subsistence type because of climatic constraints. Water scarcity is a serious problem in the region with good rainfall expected only in an interval of three to four years. Rainfall data of the last 100 years shows the region has dealt with famines in 61 seasons, of which 24 were severe famines, while the rest were medium. A recent report of Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) claims the Thar desert has been witnessing major climatic changes over past decades. According to the report, Thar witnessed about 17 thunderstorms annually in 1966, which has now reduced up to 2.5 per year. The trend of shifting sand dunes has also affected weather patterns.

These conditions have led the farmers of Barmer to look towards other sources of irrigation for their crops. With easy access to pumping instruments, groundwater is being drafted at an alarming rate. Approximately 2,000 tube wells have been dug in this region and high dependency on groundwater has resulted in its over-exploitation, says Pagariya.

Barmer was declared ‘over exploited’ region in the Ground Water Assessment Report 2013 prepared by Central Ground Water Department, which revealed the overdraft at 123.85 percent per annum. Six out of total eight blocks were categorised as ‘over exploited’ while one was declared ‘critical’. Baitu block in the district, with 226 percent overdraft, was notified as ‘Dark Zone’.

Another alarm in the report was that while the district’s groundwater recharge rate was 278.01 million cubic metre, the consumption rate was 312.14 million cubic metre. The groundwater level in the district has been declining at a rate of 5-6m each decade, according to the report.

Government’s fault: Foreign flora

AK Changani, Head, Department of Environment at MGS University, Bikaner says, “Extraction of groundwater has increased. Population density is increasing. Local flora and fauna are shrinking because of the uncontrolled growth of weeds and shrubs. Sand dunes are now covered with layers of Prosopis Julifolra ( Vilayati Babool ). This affects the natural phenomenon of sandstorm and rainfall distribution.”

In this region, groundwater is available at three to four hundred feet deep. Due to which earlier people could not able to get the water for agricultural purpose. But with advanced technology, people are now able to access deep groundwater. As a consequence of it, there is a sharp increase in tube wells.

Pagariya says that changes in groundwater table and an increase in average rainfall and irrigated area have together increased the humidity in the region. He claims that the humidity in the region was around 10 percent two decades ago but has jumped to 35 percent at present.

The government initiatives, like the Desert Development Programme (DPP) launched around two decades ago to control desertification and adverse effects of drought, have only added to climate woes, according to experts. Sand dunes accounted for 54 percent area of the state in 1990, which has now come down to 48 percent. Pagariya blames this ecological imbalance on plantation of foreign flora species, such as the Israeli Tortilis by the forest department in order to stabilise the sand dunes while ignoring traditional native species such as Khejri (Prosopis Cineraria), Jaal (Salvadora Persica), Kummat (Acacia Senegal), Gunda (Cardio Mixa) and Rohida (Ticumula Undulata). While arguing that the varieties planted by forest department were not conducive to the ecology of the region, Pagariya vies for dense plantation and other sand dune stabilisation methods that haven’t been explored.

Environmentalist Bhuvnesh Jain says traditional plants are familiar with the desert ecology being natural species of the region. Tampering with nature results in punishment, says Jain, adding that traditional plant species not only balance the climate cycle in the desert region but also support the rural economy by providing a source of additional income to rural Indians since decades.

The author is Barmer-based freelance writer and a member of 101Reporters.com.

Find us on YouTube

Related Stories

Weather report: Cyclone in early March may damage crops in north India

Japan slips into recession, loses spot as world's third-largest economy to Germany

Why a legal guarantee of MSP is fraught with challenges

Biggest strength under PM Modi is stability in policy, says FM Nirmala Sitharaman

Content Search

Drought in rajasthan 13 jul 2000.

• Govt. India

During the current year, the Rajasthan Government mounted a major campaign to fight the drought, which affected 261.79 lakh human population and devised solutions through partnership between Government and Civil Societies at all levels.

This year 23406 villages out of total villages 39,810 were affected due to drought. This natural calamity has resulted consecutively for the second year into acute shortage of drinking water, fodder and employment. The Rajasthan Chief Minister, Shri Ashok Gehlot directed all activities to be carried out for providing employment to increase the purchasing power and check the migration in famine affected areas. Now, looking to the delay in monsoon, the State Government has decided to continue the ongoing relief works upto 15th July, 2000. The State Govt. had prepared a drought contingency plan as early as January 2000, when it was realized that State was heading for a situation of famine. At present about 16,60,828 laborers are being provided employment on 31960 relief works through out the State. About 49457 relief works have been sanctioned.

No Death Due To Hunger

The State Govt. has ensured that there was no human loss due to famine in any part of the State.

Food For Work

Mr. Ashok Gehlot urged the centre to supply wheat as "grant", as State was not in position to purchase wheat as offered by the Centre. If we have to pay BPL rates of this lot of food grain, State would require to spend Rs. 80 Crores out of Rs. 102.30 crores which came as central assistance for drought relief, Mr. Gehlot said.

Medical Check-Up Of Laborers At Famine Relief Work:

Arrangements have been made for periodic check-up of the laborers at the work site through mobile teams. Funds for mobility of mobile teams have been provided to the collectors. Supply of medicine was ensured at all level besides each district collector was allotted Rs. 2 lakh to purchase drugs and medicine as per local needs.

Nabard Plan

At the initiative of Mr. Ashok Gehlot loan of Rs. 144.26 crores from NABARD is being used for creating assets of permanent nature through famine relief works. The finance, thus available is being used for construction of rural roads- 5000 kilometer long (Rs. 200.00 crores), 2000 school buildings (49.40 crores) and 1000 drinking water facilities, irrigation works as Water Harvesting Structures (Rs. 29.94 crores) with total investment of Rs. 278.40 crores. These works are being carried out through Panchayati Raj Institutions and instructions have been given to complete these in stipulated period.

Monitoring Arrangements:

At the State level, a task force committee headed by the Chief Minister along with Development Commissioner is regularly monitoring the activities of all departments relating to famine relief works, drinking water, fodder, medical and health and nutrition etc.

Centre Funds For Relief Operation

To meet the famine needs, Rajasthan had asked in November 99 for Rs. 1144 crores in 1999-2000 from the National Funds for Calamity Relief (NFCR). At the recommendation of Central team, financial assistance of Rs. 102.30 crores had been released.

The total requirement of assistance from Govt. of India under NFCR was Rs. 1144.40 crores. The State Government has allocated Rs. 18.62 crores out of Rs. 20 crore received from the Prime Ministers Relief Fund as Rs. 2.74 crores was utilized for water transportation, Rs. 5.32 crores for fodder transportation, Rs. 2.68 crores for buying medicines by Animal Husbandry Department and Rs. 40 lakh to Sheep and Wool Department for purchasing medicine.

The Relief Secretary directed all the 26 famine stricken districts that the transport subsidy on fodder for Goshalas and cattle camps and subsidy on cattle feed should be continued upto 31st July, 2000. Looking to the alarming situation of acute shortage of fodder, the State Government took decision to divert fodder from neighboring States Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh for the benefit of the livestock of the famine hit areas. Fodder loaded trains and trucks arrived from various parts of the country and distributed at subsidized rates and in some cases free of cost to the Goshalas by the district administration. Out of sanctioned 2458 fodder depots, 1732 fodder depots are functioning and 2,646,848 quintals of fodder has been distributed in 405 cattle camps benefiting 2,12864 cattle.

Cattle Camps Gaushalas:

Due to low purchasing power, the farmers were not in position to maintain their cattle, so a large number of cattle in abandoned condition were being kept in special camps and in 215 Gaushalas, benefiting about 84090 cattle. Cattle feed subsidy to the tune of Rs. 5/- per day per cattle was also given. The State Govt. decided to increase the subsidy of Rs. 5/- to Rs. 6 for small animals and for big animals from Rs. 10 to Rs. 13.50 per day per animal. Similarly the transport subsidy for fodder has also been increased from Rs. 60 to Rs. 80 per quintal with immediate effect.

Expressing concern over shortage of fodder in some districts, the Chief Minister gave urgent instructions to purchase the fodder from neighboring states- Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh. Mr. Gehlot also got assurance on phone from Mr. Om Prakash Chautala, Haryana Chief Minister and from Mr. Subhash Yadav, Deputy Chief Minister of M.P. to the fodder would be despatched in the affected areas of Rajasthan.

Drinking Water

The State Government has also worked on contingency plan for proper drinking water facilities. The indiscriminate sinking of tube wells has depleted water table in Rajasthan, therefore massive awareness campaign to "conserve water and promote its judicious use" is being carried out on war footing. The Chief Minister has urged to launch innovative schemes for water conservation by rejuvenation and reviving traditional water harvesting structures. The Government is also stipulating to make it compulsory for new big building to install percolating borewell system to conserve rain water, which is cheapest and best method.

About 1.2 lakh population of six towns and 36 villages of Jodhpur, Ajmer and Bikaner divisions were supplied potable water through trains. Emergency schemes to maintain the supply of drinking water through Railway Tankers and Road truck tankers was implemented.

Presently 2682 villages are being provided drinking water (995.50 lakh litres) through 1146 tankers and till date through 3985 Rail wagons in 260 Rail Racks water was transported. about 1.74 lakh Hand Pumps after carrying out repairs to 1840.62 hand pumps are catering to the need of drinking water in 2,139 villages. In addition to this 373 new tube wells, 2472 new hand pumps were constructed alongwith the arrangement to hire 83 tubewells for supply have also been taken. Many villages are being connected with water supply schemes and elaborate arrangements have been made to streamline the operation of various drinking water schemes.

The Chief Minister, while stressing on creating assets of permanent nature through famine relief works has directed the officials to complete the work relating to construction of tube wells and handpumps under the contingency plan on time.

The PHED department has made arrangements in different districts with a view to maintain quality of potable water. Samples of water were being tested regularly. According to official report 55563 water samples had been tested from January this year till so far.

(Source : Department of Information & Public Relations, Jaipur)

Related Content

Act appeal india: assistance to drought affected - asin42, successive droughts leave millions in need of aid in india, sweet' water will replace the salty drops of drought in india.

India + 2 more

South Asia Drought Appeal No. 17/2000: Final Report

Climate-driven changes in drought metrics across the Yellow River Basin based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6

• Research Articles
• Published: 17 September 2024
• Volume 34 , pages 1841–1856, ( 2024 )

Cite this article

• Jiayuan Liu 1 ,
• Xianfeng Liu 1 ,
• Juan Liang 1 &
• Yu Feng 2  

Recent climate change has accelerated the global hydrological cycle, substantially affecting drought metrics such as drought duration and drought propagation; however, knowledge of drought patterns in these metrics remains limited. Here, we aimed to address the evolution and influencing factors of major drought metrics under past and future climate scenarios within the Yellow River Basin (YRB) based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Accordingly, we investigated the changes in drought duration for meteorological drought and agricultural drought across the YRB and identified the variability in drought propagation time from meteorological drought to agricultural drought by using a standardized precipitation/soil moisture index and run theory. Meteorological and agricultural drought duration, and propagation time, increased from 1850 to 2014, decreased significantly from 2015 to 2100 with change trends of −0.0027, −0.0197, and −0.002 month/year, respectively. Drought duration had a negative sensitivity to humidification, and agricultural drought was more sensitive than meteorological drought. Propagation time exhibited a greater sensitivity to meteorological humidification than agricultural humidification. The results also suggest that precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture are the main drivers of drought metric changes, with air temperature and crop cover exhibiting a strong indirect effect on drought metrics in the YRB. Decreased propagation time from meteorological to agricultural drought and decreased duration provide evidence for the accelerated occurrence and increased impact of drought, highlighting the importance of a more comprehensive understanding of drought metric changes under rapid climate change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save.

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Data Availability Statement

We would like to acknowledge the World Climate Research Program’s Working Group on Coupled Modeling. We thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making their model outputs available. The data is available at http://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6 .

AghaKouchak A, 2015. A multivariate approach for persistence-based drought prediction: Application to the 2010–2011 East Africa drought. Journal of Hydrology , 526: 127–135.

Google Scholar  

Agutu N O, Awange J L, Zerihun A et al. , 2017. Assessing multi-satellite remote sensing, reanalysis, and land surface models’ products in characterizing agricultural drought in East Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment , 194: 287–302.

Apurv T, Sivapalan M, Cai X, 2017. Understanding the role of climate characteristics in drought propagation. Water Resources Research , 53(11): 9304–9329.

Boyer J S, Westgate M E, 2004. Grain yields with limited water. Journal of Experimental Botany , 55(407): 2385–2394.

Cavus Y, Aksoy H, 2020. Critical drought severity/intensity-duration-frequency curves based on precipitation deficit. Journal of Hydrology , 584: 124312.

Dai A, 2013. Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models. Nature Climate Change , 3(1): 52–58.

Dai M, Huang S, Huang Q et al. , 2022. Propagation characteristics and mechanism from meteorological to agricultural drought in various seasons. Journal of Hydrology , 610: 127897.

De Luca P, Messori G, Faranda D et al. , 2020. Compound warm-dry and cold-wet events over the Mediterranean. Earth System Dynamics , 11(3): 793–805.

Feng S, Hao Z, Zhang X et al. , 2019. Probabilistic evaluation of the impact of compound dry-hot events on global maize yields. Science of the Total Environment , 689: 1228–1234.

Ge W, Han J, Zhang D et al. , 2021. Divergent impacts of droughts on vegetation phenology and productivity in the Yungui Plateau, southwest China. Ecological Indicators , 127: 107743.

Godfray H C J, Beddington J R, Crute I R et al. , 2010. Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science , 327(5967): 812–818.

Guntu R K, Agarwal A, 2021. Disentangling increasing compound extremes at regional scale during Indian summer monsoon. Scientific Reports , 11(1): 16447.

Han Z M, Huang S Z, Huang Q et al. , 2019. Propagation dynamics from meteorological to groundwater drought and their possible influence factors. Journal of Hydrology , 578: 124102.

Hao Z, AghaKouchak A, 2013. Multivariate standardized drought index: A parametric multi-index model. Advances in Water Resources , 57: 12–18.

Hao Z, AghaKouchak A, 2014. A nonparametric multivariate multi-index drought monitoring framework. Journal of Hydrometeorology , 15(1): 89–101.

Hao Z, AghaKouchak A, Nakhjiri N et al. , 2014. Global integrated drought monitoring and prediction system. Scientific Data , 1(1): 1–10.

Hao Z, Singh V P, 2015. Drought characterization from a multivariate perspective: A review. Journal of Hydrology , 527: 668–678.

Hao Z, Singh V P, 2020. Compound events under global warming: A dependence perspective. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering , 25(9): 03120001.

Haslinger K, Koffler D, Schöner W et al. , 2014. Exploring the link between meteorological drought and stream-flow: Effects of climate-catchment interaction. Water Resources Research , 50(3): 2468–2487.

Heim Jr R R, 2002. A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 83(8): 1149–1166.

Holtermann L, 2020. Precipitation anomalies, economic production, and the role of “first-nature” and “second-nature” geographies: A disaggregated analysis in high-income countries. Global Environmental Change , 65: 102167.

Hossain A, da Silva J A T, Lozovskaya M V et al. , 2012. High temperature combined with drought affect rainfed spring wheat and barley in South-Eastern Russia: I. Phenology and growth. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , 19(4): 473–487.

Huang S, Huang Q, Chang J et al. , 2015. The response of agricultural drought to meteorological drought and the influencing factors: A case study in the Wei River Basin, China. Agricultural Water Management , 159: 45–54.

Kirono D G C, Hennessy K J, Grose M R, 2017. Increasing risk of months with low rainfall and high temperature in southeast Australia for the past 150 years, China. Climate Risk Management , 16: 10–21.

Leng G, Hall J, 2019. Crop yield sensitivity of global major agricultural countries to droughts and the projected changes in the future. Science of the Total Environment , 654: 811–821.

Li M X, Ma Z G, 2013. Soil moisture-based study of the variability of dry-wet climate and climate zones in China. Chinese Science Bulletin , 58: 531–544.

Liang J, Liu X, AghaKouchak A et al. , 2023. Asymmetrical precipitation sensitivity to temperature across global dry and wet regions. Earth’s Future , 11(9): e2023EF003617.

Liu X F, Zhu X F, Pan Y Z et al. , 2016. Agricultural drought monitoring: Progress, challenges, and prospects. Journal of Geographical Sciences , 26(6): 750–767.

Liu X F, Zhu X F, Pan Y Z et al. , 2018. Performance of different drought indices for agriculture drought in the North China Plain. Journal of Arid Land , 10(4): 507–516.

Liu X F, Zhu X F, Zhang Q et al. , 2020. A remote sensing and artificial neural network-based integrated agricultural drought index: Index development and applications. Catena , 186: 104394.

Masih I, Maskey S, Mussá F E F et al. , 2014. A review of droughts on the African continent: A geospatial and long-term perspective. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 18(9): 3635–3649.

McKee T B, Doesken N J, Kleist J, 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology. American Meteorological Society Boston, MA, 179–183.

National Earth System Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China ( http://www.geodata.cn ).

Prado K, Maurel C, 2013. Regulation of leaf hydraulics: From molecular to whole plant levels. Frontiers in Plant Science , 4: 51890.

Ribeiro A F S, Russo A, Gouveia C M et al. , 2019. Probabilistic modelling of the dependence between rainfed crops and drought hazard. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences , 19(12): 2795–2809.

Schwalm C R, Anderegg W R L, Michalak A M et al. , 2017. Global patterns of drought recovery. Nature , 548(7666): 202–205.

Seager R, Vecchi G A, 2010. Greenhouse warming and the 21st century hydroclimate of southwestern North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 107(50): 21277–21282.

Sheffield J, Wood E F, Roderick M L, 2012. Little change in global drought over the past 60 years. Nature , 491(7424): 435–438.

Smajgl A, Ward J, 2013. The Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Mekong Region. New York, NY: Springer New York, 10: 978–1.

Song L B, Yao N, Feng H et al. , 2016. Effects of water stresses at different growth stages on development and yields of summer maize in arid region. Journal of Maize Sciences , 24(1): 63–73.

Spinoni J, Naumann G, Vogt J V et al. , 2015a. European drought climatologies and trends based on a multi-indicator approach. Global and Planetary Change , 127: 50–57.

Spinoni J, Naumann G, Vogt J V et al. , 2015b. The biggest drought events in Europe from 1950 to 2012. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies , 3: 509–524.

Spinoni J, Vogt J V, Naumann G et al. , 2018. Will drought events become more frequent and severe in Europe? International Journal of Climatology , 38(4): 1718–1736.

Su S, Zhu C, Li X et al. , 2021. Dynamic global warming impact assessment integrating temporal variables: Application to a residential building in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review , 88: 106568.

Trenberth K E, 2011. Attribution of climate variations and trends to human influences and natural variability. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change , 2(6): 925–930.

Van Loon A F, 2015. Hydrological drought explained. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water , 2(4): 359–392.

Vicente-Serrano S M, Lopez-Moreno J I, Beguería S et al. , 2014. Evidence of increasing drought severity caused by temperature rise in southern Europe. Environmental Research Letters , 9(4): 044001–044001.

Wang F, Lai H, Li Y et al. , 2022. Dynamic variation of meteorological drought and its relationships with agricultural drought across China. Agricultural Water Management , 261: 107301.

Wang L, Yuan X, Xie Z et al. , 2016. Increasing flash droughts over China during the recent global warming hiatus. Scientific Reports , 6(1): 30571.

Wang Q, Wu J, Li X et al. , 2017. A comprehensively quantitative method of evaluating the impact of drought on crop yield using daily multi-scale SPEI and crop growth process model. International Journal of Biometeorology , 61: 685–699.

Wang S J, Kang S Z, Li T, 2015. Suitable water deficit mode for winter wheat basing objective of water saving as well as high yield and quality. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 31(12): 111–118.

World Health Organization, 2018. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2018: Building climate resilience for food security and nutrition. United Nations.

Yao Y, Liu Y X, Zhou S et al. , 2023. Soil moisture determines the recovery time of ecosystems from drought. Global Change Biology , 29(13): 3562–3574.

Zhang Q, Miao C, Guo X et al. , 2023. Human activities impact the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought in the Yellow River Basin. Journal of Hydrology , 623: 129752.

Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cheng L et al. , 2023. Have China’s drylands become wetting in the past 50 years? Journal of Geographical Sciences , 33(1): 99–120.

Zhao C, Liu B, Piao S et al. , 2017. Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 114(35): 9326–9331.

Zhao C, Piao S, Wang X et al. , 2016. Plausible rice yield losses under future climate warming. Nature Plants , 3(1): 1–5.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

School of Geography and Tourist, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, China

Jiayuan Liu, Xianfeng Liu & Juan Liang

Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xianfeng Liu .

Ethics declarations

The authors declare no competing interests relevant to this study.

Additional information

Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.42171095, No.42371123; General Project of Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province, No.2024SF-YBXM-532; The Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, No.2020D039; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No.GK202201008; Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology of China, No.SKLURE2022-2-1

Author: Liu Jiayuan (1999–), Master Candidate, specialized in droughts research under climate change. E-mail: [email protected]

Supplementary materials

Supplementary material, approximately 709 kb., rights and permissions.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Liu, J., Liu, X., Liang, J. et al. Climate-driven changes in drought metrics across the Yellow River Basin based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. J. Geogr. Sci. 34 , 1841–1856 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-024-2273-4

Download citation

Received : 25 November 2023

Accepted : 28 May 2024

Published : 17 September 2024

Issue Date : September 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-024-2273-4

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• drought duration
• drought propagation
• climate change
• humidification
• Yellow River Basin
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research