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A title page is required for all APA Style papers. There are both student and professional versions of the title page. Students should use the student version of the title page unless their instructor or institution has requested they use the professional version. APA provides a student title page guide (PDF, 199KB) to assist students in creating their title pages.
The student title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation, course number and name for which the paper is being submitted, instructor name, assignment due date, and page number, as shown in this example.
Title page setup is covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 2.3 and the Concise Guide Section 1.6
Student papers do not include a running head unless requested by the instructor or institution.
Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the student title page.
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Paper title | Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired. There is no maximum length for titles; however, keep titles focused and include key terms. |
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Author names | Place one double-spaced blank line between the paper title and the author names. Center author names on their own line. If there are two authors, use the word “and” between authors; if there are three or more authors, place a comma between author names and use the word “and” before the final author name. | Cecily J. Sinclair and Adam Gonzaga |
Author affiliation | For a student paper, the affiliation is the institution where the student attends school. Include both the name of any department and the name of the college, university, or other institution, separated by a comma. Center the affiliation on the next double-spaced line after the author name(s). | Department of Psychology, University of Georgia |
Course number and name | Provide the course number as shown on instructional materials, followed by a colon and the course name. Center the course number and name on the next double-spaced line after the author affiliation. | PSY 201: Introduction to Psychology |
Instructor name | Provide the name of the instructor for the course using the format shown on instructional materials. Center the instructor name on the next double-spaced line after the course number and name. | Dr. Rowan J. Estes |
Assignment due date | Provide the due date for the assignment. Center the due date on the next double-spaced line after the instructor name. Use the date format commonly used in your country. | October 18, 2020 |
| Use the page number 1 on the title page. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word processing program to insert page numbers in the top right corner of the page header. | 1 |
The professional title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation(s), author note, running head, and page number, as shown in the following example.
Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the professional title page.
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Paper title | Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired. There is no maximum length for titles; however, keep titles focused and include key terms. |
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Author names
| Place one double-spaced blank line between the paper title and the author names. Center author names on their own line. If there are two authors, use the word “and” between authors; if there are three or more authors, place a comma between author names and use the word “and” before the final author name. | Francesca Humboldt |
When different authors have different affiliations, use superscript numerals after author names to connect the names to the appropriate affiliation(s). If all authors have the same affiliation, superscript numerals are not used (see Section 2.3 of the for more on how to set up bylines and affiliations). | Tracy Reuter , Arielle Borovsky , and Casey Lew-Williams | |
Author affiliation
| For a professional paper, the affiliation is the institution at which the research was conducted. Include both the name of any department and the name of the college, university, or other institution, separated by a comma. Center the affiliation on the next double-spaced line after the author names; when there are multiple affiliations, center each affiliation on its own line.
| Department of Nursing, Morrigan University |
When different authors have different affiliations, use superscript numerals before affiliations to connect the affiliations to the appropriate author(s). Do not use superscript numerals if all authors share the same affiliations (see Section 2.3 of the for more). | Department of Psychology, Princeton University | |
Author note | Place the author note in the bottom half of the title page. Center and bold the label “Author Note.” Align the paragraphs of the author note to the left. For further information on the contents of the author note, see Section 2.7 of the . | n/a |
| The running head appears in all-capital letters in the page header of all pages, including the title page. Align the running head to the left margin. Do not use the label “Running head:” before the running head. | Prediction errors support children’s word learning |
| Use the page number 1 on the title page. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word processing program to insert page numbers in the top right corner of the page header. | 1 |
IMAGES
COMMENTS
Static Single Assignment was presented in 1988 by Barry K. Rosen, Mark N, Wegman, and F. Kenneth Zadeck. In compiler design, Static Single Assignment ( shortened SSA) is a means of structuring the IR (intermediate representation) such that every variable is allotted a value only once and every variable is defined before it's use. The prime ...
Static single-assignment form. In compiler design, static single assignment form (often abbreviated as SSA form or simply SSA) is a type of intermediate representation (IR) where each variable is assigned exactly once. SSA is used in most high-quality optimizing compilers for imperative languages, including LLVM, the GNU Compiler Collection ...
Many compilers convert programs into static single assignment (SSA) form, which does exactly what it says: it ensures that, globally, every variable has exactly one static assignment location. (Of course, that statement might be executed multiple times, which is why it's not dynamic single assignment.) In Bril terms, we convert a program like ...
By popular demand, I'm doing another LLVM post. This time, it's single static assignment (or SSA) form, a common feature in the intermediate representations of optimizing compilers. Like the last one, SSA is a topic in compiler and IR design that I mostly understand but could benefit from some self-guided education on.
SSA form. Static single-assignment form arranges for every value computed by a program to have. aa unique assignment (aka, "definition") A procedure is in SSA form if every variable has (statically) exactly one definition. SSA form simplifies several important optimizations, including various forms of redundancy elimination. Example.
Welcome to our comprehensive guide on Single Static Assignment (SSA) in Compiler Design. This video is designed to provide a deep dive into the concept of SS...
•Static Single Assignment (SSA) •CFGs but with immutable variables •Plus a slight "hack" to make graphs work out •Now widely used (e.g., LLVM) •Intra-procedural representation only •An SSA representation for whole program is possible (i.e., each global variable and memory location has static single
Static Single Assignment •Induction variables (standard vs. SSA) •Loop Invariant Code Motion with SSA CS 380C Lecture 7 21 Static Single Assignment Cytron et al. Dominance Frontier Algorithm let SUCC(S) = [s∈S SUCC(s) DOM!−1(v) = DOM−1(v) - v, then
SSA. Static single assignment is an IR where every variable is assigned a value at most once in the program text. E as y for a b asi c bl ock : assign to a fresh variable at each stmt. each use uses the most recently defined var. (Si mil ar to V al ue N umb eri ng) Straight-line SSA. . + y.
Static Single Assignment Form (and dominators, post-dominators, dominance frontiers…) CS252r Spring 2011 ... •If node X contains assignment to a, put Φ function for a in dominance frontier of X •Adding Φ fn may require introducing additional Φ fn •Step 2: Rename variables so only one definition ...
In Static Single Assignment (SSA) Form each assignment to a variable, v, is changed into a unique assignment to new variable, v i. If variable v has n assignments to it throughout the program, then (at least) n new variables, v 1 to v n, are created to replace v. All uses of v are
The static single-assignment form (SSA) is an important compiler intermediate representation, in which each variable is assigned (statically) at most once. SSA is more advantageous over other compiler IRs in that its single-assignment property makes program analysis and optimization simpler and more efficient.
Static Single Assignment (SSA) • Static single assignment is an IR where every variable is assigned a value at most once in the program text • Easy for a basic block (reminiscent of Value Numbering): -Visit each instruction in program order: •LHS: assign to a fresh version of the variable
Static Single Assignment Form L10.2 2 Basic Blocks As before, a basic block is a sequence of instructions with one entry point and one exit point. In particular, from nowhere in the program do we jump into the middle of the basic block, nor do we exit the block from the middle. In our language, the
Static Single Assignment •Idea: each assignment of variables to be given a unique name; each use of a variable to be reached by only one definition of that variable •Need to create F functions at join nodes reached by more than one definition of same variable -Dominance frontier is a subset of these join nodes where F functions are ...
Static Single Assignment form: type of intermediate representation. Each variable is assigned statically (in code) exactly once. Each definition is assigned a unique name. Properties: Makes def-use chains explicit. Definitions dominate uses (key property) This makes certain optimizations simpler or more efficient.
Thirty years later, the Static Single Assign-ment (SSA) form was introduced by Alpern, Rosen, Wegman and Zadeck as a tool for efficient optimization in a pair of POPL papers [2, 35], and three years after that Cytron and Ferrante joined Rosen, Wegman, and Zadeck in explaining how to compute SSA form efficiently in what has since be- ...
Single static assignment is a type of intermediate representation..But the constraint is that each variable is assigned a value at most once but can be used any number of times..Only thing it has to be written once only.. t1 = t1 + 3 , then it is an invalid SSA code as t1 is assigned second time which should not be the case.. https://books ...
Static Single Assignment enables the e cient implementation of many important de-ompilerc ompconents, including expression propagation, preservation analysis, type an-alysis, and the analysis of indircte jumps and alcls. Source code is an essential part of all software development. It is so aluablev that
Many compilers convert programs into static single assignment (SSA) form, which does exactly what it says: it ensures that, globally, every variable has exactly one static assignment location. (Of course, that statement might be executed multiple times, which is why it's not dynamic single assignment.) In Bril terms, we convert a program like this:
Static Single Assignment Form L6.2 2 Basic Blocks A basic block is a sequence of instructions with one entry point and one exit point. In particular, from nowhere in the program do we jump into the middle of the
In LLVM you have to manually specify the name of the value and the previous basic block. end: %retval = phi i32 [%a, %btrue], [%b, %bfalse] Here we instruct the phi instruction to choose %a if the previous basic block was %btrue. If the previous basic block was %bfalse, then %b will be used. The value is then assigned to a new variable %retval.
Assignment due date. Provide the due date for the assignment. Center the due date on the next double-spaced line after the instructor name. Use the date format commonly used in your country. October 18, 2020 18 October 2020. Page number. Use the page number 1 on the title page. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word processing ...