cause effect essay connectors

Connectors of Cause and Effect (Definition and Examples)

We all know what it feels like when one thing happens after another. But what exactly is causing these events? And how do we identify them?

In this blog post, we’ll explore the definition and examples of connectors of cause and effect. We’ll also discuss how to identify these connectors in your own writing. So let’s get started!

List of Connectors of Cause and Effect in Detail

1) As a Result Of

These connectors are used to identify a clear cause-and-effect relationship between two events. The phrase “as a result of” can be used to introduce either the cause or the effect, but it is typically used to introduce the cause.

e.g. She was very happy as a result of her marriage.

This connector is used to introduce the cause of an event. It can be used with or without the phrase “of.”

e.g. I’m going to bed because I’m exhausted.

3) Caused By

This connector is used to introduce the effect of an event. It can be used with or without the phrase “by.”

e.g. His death was caused by a heart attack.

4) Consequently

This connector is used to introduce the effect of an event. This connector is very similar to “as a result of,” but it typically has a more negative connotation.

e.g. The company went bankrupt as a consequence of the recession.

e.g. The accident was due to driver error.

This connector is used to introduce a hypothetical situation. It can be used with or without the phrase “then.”

e.g. If I were taller, I would be able to reach the top shelf.

7) In Order To

e.g. He was running in order to get fit.

This connector is typically used to introduce the cause of an event that has been happening for a while.

e.g. We’ve been having trouble with our internet connection since last week.

This connector is used to introduce the effect of an event. It can be used with or without the phrase “that.”

e.g. I’m going to bed so that I can wake up early tomorrow.

10) Supposed To

e.g. You’re supposed to call me when you get there.

This connector is typically used to introduce the cause of an event that happens immediately before another event.

e.g. When I got home, I saw that my car was gone.

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Connectors of cause and effect, connectors showing cause & effect.

English Connectors List and Examples, Connectors of Cause and Effect, Connectors Showing Cause & Effect

Connectors of Cause and Effect

Sentence connectors improve your writing. They add variety and sophistication to your style of writing, we use several different words to show cause and effect. Connectors are words or groups of words that help us connect words, phrases or sentences. Cause and effect is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the others. They are a combination of action and reaction. When we talk about an effect resulting from a certain cause,

we use expressions such as: because, since, as, owing to, due to… In addition, while an effect is produced by a cause, cause is the producer of an effect. The cause can be a person, object, situation, or event that can result in something, while an effect is the result of the actions of the person or the outcome of some chain of events that have happened. The cause will in a way explain the reason why the effect happened in the first place. The cause naturally precedes an effect, while the effect will always follow it.

Cause and Effect Linking Words

There are three main types of linking words: transitions, conjunctions, and prepositions.

Conjunctions; The most common conjunctions are because, as, since, and so. Words of “because”,“since” introduce a cause; “so” introduces an effect.

• I stayed at my office because it was raining.
• It was raining, therefore I stayed my office.

Prepositions; The most common prepositions are due to and because of.

• I stayed at my office due to the rain.

CAUSE Linking Words

Conjunctions followed by a complete sentence:

‘Because’ usually follows the main clause. As and since are very similar. As is less formal than since. They are used when the reason is known.

Connectors followed by a noun, a pronoun or a gerund:

Due to and owing to are similar but there is a different.  Due to is adjectival (it follows a noun or pronoun), whereas owing to is adverbial (it complements a verb). Owing to is interchangeable with because of. ‘As a result of’ and ‘because of ’can be used.

Sam could not attend us owing to his illness.

EFFECT, RESULT or CONSEQUENCE Linking Words

“Therefore” used mainly in formal situation. When you start a sentence with these (as a result, therefore) words, you need to put a comma after them. “ So” used less formal situation. That’s why, for this reason, consequently are other examples.

Example Sentences about Cause and Effect Connectors;

• What would you like to buy for your birthday?
• I want to be a teacher so that I can teach child.
• I spent all of my money in the first week and consequently I had no money to buy a new book.
• There was a problem in the office, therefore assistant went home late.
• Sally is pregnant with their son, her husband contributes of her.
• They sacked the doctor in order to bring about some new changes.
• For this reason, no one can blame president of country.
• This plant comes from a tropical lands.
• They are very hungry, due to the strike.
• I worked as a sales consultant, when I was a student.
• Since you are not interested, I won’t tell you my problems.
• Everybody likes her hair because she just dyed her hair.
• The patient’s condition resulted in death because of high dose narcosis.
• You must see a doctor because of this sleep disorder.
• Some people’s ideas lead to ideology, lead to policies of countries.
• Will feeding my cat garlic cause any problems?
• Our train stopped for two hours owing to the accident.
• My printer got broken as a consequence of I borrowed my friend’s.

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Sentence connectors showing cause and effect

Sentence connectors improve your writing. They add variety and sophistication to your style of writing.

In this lesson we will learn about words and expressions used to show cause and effect.

In English, we use several different words to show cause and effect. Examples are: for, because, as, since, therefore, hence, as a result, consequently, due to, because of, as a result of etc.

He must be asleep for there is no light in his room.

I decided to call it a day – for I was feeling tired.

I helped him because I liked him.

Since he had not paid the rent, he was told to vacate the room.

As it is raining again, we will have to stay at home.

It was raining, so we stayed at home.

So shows the effect. As, since and because show the cause.

As he hasn’t arrived yet, we will have to go without him.

He hasn’t arrived yet, so we will have to go without him.

The poor parents could not support the baby. Therefore they sent him to an orphanage.

We had to cancel the trip due to my daughter’s illness.

Owing to bad weather the match was cancelled.

We had to cancel the match because of bad weather.

I was late owing to the fact that the train broke down.

Essay Papers Writing Online

How to master the art of writing a successful cause and effect essay that captivates your readers and earns you top grades.

Are you intrigued by the interconnected nature of events and phenomena? Do you aspire to unravel the hidden threads that link causes to effects? Crafting a cause and outcome essay provides an excellent platform to explore and dissect these connections, allowing you to showcase your analytical skills and express your ideas with precision and clarity.

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deep into the art of writing cause and outcome essays, equipping you with effective strategies, invaluable tips, and real-life examples that will help you master the craft. Whether you are a seasoned writer looking to enhance your skills or a beginner eager to embark on a new writing journey, this guide has got you covered.

Throughout this journey, we will navigate the intricate realm of cause and outcome relationships, examining how actions, events, and circumstances influence one another. We will explore the essential elements of a cause and outcome essay, honing in on the importance of a strong thesis statement, logical organization, and compelling evidence. By the end of this guide, you will possess the necessary tools to produce a captivating cause and outcome essay that engages your readers and leaves a lasting impact.

Tips for Writing a Cause and Effect Essay

When composing a paper that focuses on exploring the connections between actions and their consequences, there are several essential tips that can help you write a compelling cause and effect essay. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your essay is well-structured, clear, and effectively communicates your ideas.

By following these tips, you can enhance your ability to write a compelling cause and effect essay. Remember to analyze the causes and effects carefully, organize your ideas effectively, provide clear explanations, use transitional words, and proofread your essay to ensure a polished final piece of writing.

Understand the Purpose and Structure

One of the most important aspects of writing a cause and effect essay is understanding its purpose and structure. By understanding these key elements, you can effectively communicate the relationship between causes and effects, and present your argument in a clear and organized manner.

In a cause and effect essay, the purpose is to analyze the causes of a specific event or phenomenon and explain the effects that result from those causes. This type of essay is often used to explore the connections between different factors and to demonstrate how one event leads to another.

To structure your cause and effect essay, consider using a chronological or sequential order. Start by introducing the topic and providing some background information on the causes you will discuss. Then, present your thesis statement, which should clearly state your main argument or claim.

In the body paragraphs, discuss each cause or group of causes in a separate paragraph. Provide detailed explanations, examples, and evidence to support your claims. Make sure to use transitional words and phrases to guide the reader through your essay and to show the logical progression of causes and effects.

Finally, in the conclusion, summarize your main points and restate your thesis, reinforcing your overall argument. You can also discuss the broader implications of your analysis and suggest possible solutions or further research.

By understanding the purpose and structure of a cause and effect essay, you can effectively convey your ideas and arguments to your readers. This will help them follow your reasoning and see the connections between causes and effects, leading to a more convincing and impactful essay.

Choose a Topic

When embarking on the journey of writing a cause and effect essay, one of the first steps is to choose an engaging and relevant topic. The topic sets the foundation for the entire essay, determining the direction and scope of the content.

To select an effective topic, it is important to consider your interests, as well as the interests of your intended audience. Think about subjects that captivate you and inspire curiosity. Consider current events, personal experiences, or areas of study that pique your interest. By choosing a topic that you are genuinely passionate about, you will be more motivated to conduct thorough research and present compelling arguments.

Additionally, it is essential to select a topic that is relevant and meaningful. Identify an issue or phenomenon that has a clear cause-and-effect relationship, allowing you to explore the connections and consequences in depth. Look for topics that are timely and impactful, as this will ensure that your essay resonates with readers and addresses significant issues in society.

Moreover, a well-chosen topic should have enough depth and breadth to support a comprehensive analysis. Avoid selecting topics that are too broad or shallow, as this can make it challenging to delve into the causes and effects in a meaningful way. Narrow down your focus to a specific aspect or aspect of a broader topic to ensure that you have enough material to explore and analyze.

In conclusion, choosing a topic for your cause and effect essay is a critical step that will shape the entire writing process. By selecting a topic that aligns with your interests, is relevant and meaningful, and has enough depth and breadth, you will lay the foundation for a compelling and informative essay.

Conduct Thorough Research

Before diving into writing a cause and effect essay, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive research on the topic of your choice. This research phase will provide you with the necessary background information and context to develop a strong and well-supported essay.

During the research process, explore various sources such as books, academic journals, reputable websites, and credible news articles. Utilize synonyms for “research” like “investigate” or “explore” to keep your writing engaging and varied.

Avoid relying solely on a single source or biased information. Instead, strive to gather a variety of perspectives and data points that will enhance the credibility and validity of your essay.

Take notes as you research, highlighting key points, statistics, and quotes that you may want to include in your essay. Organize your findings in a clear and structured manner, making it easier to refer back to them as you begin writing.

Incorporating well-researched evidence and supporting examples into your cause and effect essay will lend credibility to your arguments, making them more persuasive and convincing. By conducting thorough research, you will be able to present a well-rounded and informed analysis of the topic you are writing about.

Create an Outline

One of the crucial steps in writing any type of essay, including cause and effect essays, is creating an outline. An outline helps to organize your thoughts and ideas before you start writing, ensuring that your essay has a clear and logical structure. In this section, we will discuss the importance of creating an outline and provide some tips on how to create an effective outline for your cause and effect essay.

When creating an outline, it is important to start with a clear understanding of the purpose and main points of your essay. Begin by identifying the main cause or event that you will be discussing, as well as its effects or consequences. This will serve as the foundation for your outline, allowing you to structure your essay in a logical and coherent manner.

Once you have identified the main cause and effects, it is time to organize your ideas into a clear and logical order. One effective way to do this is by using a table. Create a table with two columns, one for the cause and one for the effect. Then, list the main causes and effects in each column, using bullet points or short phrases. This will help you see the connections between the different causes and effects, making it easier to write your essay.

In addition to listing the main causes and effects, it is also important to include supporting details and examples in your outline. These can help to strengthen your argument and provide evidence for your claims. Include specific examples, facts, and statistics that support each cause and effect, and organize them under the relevant point in your outline.

Lastly, make sure to review and revise your outline before you start writing your essay. Check for any gaps in your logic or missing information, and make any necessary adjustments. Your outline should serve as a roadmap for your essay, guiding you through the writing process and ensuring that your essay is well-structured and coherent.

In conclusion, creating an outline is an essential step in writing a cause and effect essay. It helps to organize your thoughts and ideas, ensuring that your essay has a clear and logical structure. By identifying the main cause and effects, organizing your ideas into a table, including supporting details and examples, and reviewing your outline, you can create an effective outline that will guide you through the writing process.

Develop the Body Paragraphs

Once you have identified the main causes and effects of the topic you are writing about, it is time to develop your body paragraphs. In these paragraphs, you will present specific evidence and examples to support your claims. The body of your essay should be well-structured and focused, with each paragraph addressing a single cause or effect.

Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence that clearly states the main point you will be discussing. Then, provide detailed explanations and evidence to support your argument. This can include statistics, research findings, expert opinions, or personal anecdotes. Remember to use clear and concise language to convey your ideas effectively.

In order to make your writing more coherent, you can use transition words and phrases to connect your ideas and create a logical flow between paragraphs. Words like “because”, “as a result”, “therefore”, and “consequently” can be used to show cause and effect relationships.

Additionally, it is important to use paragraph unity, which means that each paragraph should focus on a single cause or effect. Avoid including unrelated information or discussing multiple causes/effects in a single paragraph, as this can confuse the reader and weaken your argument.

Furthermore, consider using examples and evidence to enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of your arguments. Concrete examples and real-life scenarios can help illustrate the cause and effect relationship and make your writing more engaging to the reader.

• Use accurate data and precise details to back up your claims
• Include relevant research and studies to support your arguments
• Provide real-life examples and cases that demonstrate the cause and effect relationship

In conclusion, developing the body paragraphs of your cause and effect essay is crucial in presenting a well-structured and persuasive argument. By using topic sentences, clear explanations, transition words, and relevant evidence, you can effectively convey your ideas and convince the reader of the cause and effect relationship you are discussing.

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English Language Centre / Study Zone / Level 570 — Advanced / Pulp Friction — Themed Reading / Cause-and-Effect Linking Words

Cause-and-Effect Linking Words

Review lesson.

Before you go on to work on the grammar and writing exercises in this unit, read through this brief review of linking words and phrases for cause and effect . There are three main types of linking words: conjunctions , transitions , and prepositions .

1. Conjunctions

The most important conjunctions are because , as , since , and so . “Because”, “as”, and “since” introduce a cause ; “so” introduces an effect . These are used to join two complete sentences (or independent clauses) together. They are often used like this:

First sentence conjunction second sentence .

For example:

I stayed at home because it was raining .

It was raining , so I stayed at home . (use a comma before “so”)

You can also reverse the order of the sentences with because , as , and since .

Because it was raining , I stayed at home . (use a comma between the first and second sentences)

Note that this is not possible with “so”.

2. Transitions

The most important transitions are therefore , consequently , and as a result . All of these introduce an effect . These are used to join two complete sentences (or independent clauses) together. They are often used like this:

First sentence ; transition, second sentence.

First sentence . transition, second sentence..

It was raining ; therefore, I stayed home .

It was raining . Consequently, I stayed at home .

3. Prepositions

The most important prepositions are due to and because of . Both of these introduce a cause in the form of a noun phrase . They are often used like this:

Sentence due to noun phrase.

Because of noun phrase , sentence ..

I stayed at home due to the rain .

Because of the rain , I stayed at home .

When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.

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Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Conjunctions of cause and effect are the invisible threads that weave together the tapestry of language, enabling us to articulate the intricate relationships between events, actions, and their underlying motivations. These versatile words provide a bridge between ideas, allowing us to explain, justify, and elaborate on the intricate web of cause and consequence that shapes our understanding of the world.

Types of Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Conjunctions of cause and effect can be broadly divided into two categories: simple conjunctions and compound conjunctions.

Simple Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Simple conjunctions of cause and effect are the most basic and commonly used conjunctions for expressing causal relationships. They are typically followed by a clause that explains the reason for something happening.

The most common simple conjunctions of cause and effect are:

• Because:  This conjunction is used to indicate that something happens as a result of something else. It is the most direct and straightforward way to express a causal relationship.

Example: I stayed at home because it was raining.

• Since:  This conjunction is similar to “because,” but it is often used to emphasize a reason that has been established or is well-known. It can also be used to indicate a starting point in time.

Example: I got a promotion since I worked hard.

• As:  This conjunction is used to introduce a clause that explains the cause of something in a more descriptive or explanatory way. It can also be used to express a sequence of events or actions.

Example: As the sun rose, the birds began to sing.

• So:  This conjunction is used to indicate a consequence or result of something happening. It is often used to introduce a clause that states the outcome or effect of something.

Example: I failed the exam because I didn’t study.

Compound Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Compound conjunctions of cause and effect are more complex and nuanced than simple conjunctions. They are typically used to express more elaborate or specific causal relationships.

Some common compound conjunctions of cause and effect are:

• Because of:  This conjunction is used to indicate that something happens as a result of something else, often with a more formal or emphatic tone.

Example: We cancelled the meeting because of the bad weather.

• Due to:  This conjunction is similar to “because of,” but it is often used to emphasize the responsibility or blame for something happening.

Example: The company went bankrupt due to mismanagement.

• As a result of:  This conjunction is used to indicate a direct and significant consequence of something happening. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: As a result of his actions, he was fired from his job.

• Consequentially:  This conjunction is used to indicate a logical consequence or outcome of something happening. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: Consequentially, she had to pay a heavy fine.

• Therefore:  This conjunction is used to indicate a conclusion or inference that can be drawn from something that has been stated. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: The team won the game, and therefore, they advanced to the next round.

• Hence:  This conjunction is similar to “therefore,” but it is often used to emphasize the logical connection between two statements. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: Hence, it is important to make a plan before starting any project.

• Thus:  This conjunction is used to indicate a conclusion or summary of something that has been discussed. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: I studied hard, and thus, I passed the exam with flying colors.

• Accordingly:  This conjunction is used to indicate that something has been done or is being done in accordance with something else. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: The new policy was implemented, and accordingly, there were some changes in the workflow.

• As a consequence:  This conjunction is used to indicate a negative or harmful consequence of something happening. It is often used in formal writing or academic contexts.

Example: As a consequence of the accident, the road was closed for several hours.

Functions of Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Conjunctions of cause and effect play a vital role in language, serving several essential functions in our communication. These versatile words enable us to effectively convey the complex relationships between events, actions, and their underlying motivations, enhancing the clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness of our writing and speech.

1. Establishing Causal Relationships

The primary function of conjunctions of cause and effect is to establish clear and logical connections between events or actions, indicating how one thing leads to another. They provide a framework for understanding the underlying reasons behind occurrences and the consequences that flow from them.

For instance, consider the sentence: “The train was delayed because of the heavy snowfall.” The conjunction “because” explicitly links the delay of the train to the heavy snowfall, establishing a causal relationship between the two events.

2. Explaining the Reasons Behind Things

Conjunctions of cause and effect serve as valuable tools for explaining the rationale behind actions, decisions, and outcomes. They allow us to provide justifications for our choices, clarify the motivations behind events, and shed light on the underlying causes of phenomena.

For example, in the sentence: “I decided to stay home since I was feeling unwell.” The conjunction “since” explains the reason for the decision to stay home, namely the individual’s unwellness.

3. Drawing Conclusions and Inferences

Conjunctions of cause and effect facilitate the process of drawing conclusions and inferences from the information presented. They guide our understanding of events by enabling us to identify the logical consequences of actions and make deductions based on established causal relationships.

Consider the sentence: “The company’s profits soared as a result of the successful product launch.” The conjunction “as a result of” indicates a causal connection between the product launch and the company’s increased profits, allowing us to infer that the launch was a contributing factor.

4. Enhancing the Logical Flow of Sentences and Paragraphs

Conjunctions of cause and effect contribute to the overall coherence and logical flow of sentences, paragraphs, and even entire essays. They act as signposts, guiding the reader or listener through the sequence of events, explanations, and conclusions, ensuring that the narrative unfolds in a smooth and organized manner.

For instance, the sentence: “The stock market crashed due to the global economic recession, causing widespread financial losses and unemployment.” The conjunction “due to” establishes a causal link between the economic recession and the stock market crash, while the conjunction “causing” indicates the consequences of the crash.

5. Providing Transitions between Ideas

Conjunctions of cause and effect play a crucial role in creating seamless transitions between ideas, particularly in complex or nuanced arguments. They help us to connect related concepts, introduce new perspectives, and maintain a clear progression of thought.

Examples of Conjunctions of Cause and Effect in Sentences

Simple conjunctions of cause and effect:.

• I stayed at home because it was raining.
• I got a promotion because I worked hard.
• The car broke down because it was old and poorly maintained.
• The plane was delayed because of bad weather.
• She didn’t go to the party because she wasn’t feeling well.
• I haven’t seen her since she moved away.
• I’ve been studying every day since I started the exam preparation.
• The company has been in financial trouble since the recession.
• The child has been crying since her mother left.
• I’ve been waiting for you since lunchtime.
• As the sun rose, the birds began to sing.
• As he grew older, he became wiser.
• As the temperature dropped, the leaves began to change color.
• As the volume of the music increased, so did the number of people dancing.
• As I walked through the forest, I noticed the beauty of the natural world.
• I failed the exam, so I have to retake it.
• It’s raining, so we can’t go to the park.
• I’m tired, so I’m going to bed early.
• The traffic is heavy, so we’re going to be late.
• I don’t have any money, so I can’t buy anything.
• I wore a raincoat because it was raining.
• I didn’t eat breakfast this morning, so I’m starving.
• I missed the bus, so I had to take a taxi.
• I’m feeling stressed out, so I’m going to take a walk to clear my head.
• I’m happy to see you, so I’m going to give you a hug.
• I got a good grade on the test because I studied hard.
• I was late for work because my alarm clock didn’t go off.
• I’m not going to the party because I don’t feel like socializing.
• I’m not sure what to do because I have too many options.
• I’m going to bed early because I have a big day tomorrow.
• I can’t believe I lost my keys!
• I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse.
• I’m so tired that I could sleep for a week.
• I’m so happy that I could cry.
• I’m so excited that I can’t sit still.
• I’m not going out because it’s too cold.
• I’m not going to the beach because I don’t like sand.
• I’m not going to the concert because I don’t like loud music.
• I’m not going to the movie because I’ve already seen it.
• I’m not going to the party because I’m not in the mood.
• I’m going to the store because I need to buy some groceries.
• I’m going to the library because I need to research a topic for a paper.
• I’m going to the gym because I need to work out.
• I’m going to the doctor because I’m not feeling well.
• I’m going to the park because I want to enjoy some fresh air.
• I’m not going to eat that because it’s too greasy.
• I’m not going to drink that because it’s too sugary.
• I’m not going to wear that because it’s too tight.
• I’m not going to say that because it’s too rude.
• I’m not going to do that because it’s too dangerous.
• I can’t believe you did that!
• I’m so sorry that I forgot your birthday.
• I’m so grateful for your help.
• I’m so proud of you for your accomplishment.

Compound Conjunctions of Cause and Effect:

• We canceled the meeting because of bad weather.
• The company went bankrupt because of mismanagement.
• My car won’t start because of a dead battery.
• I was late to school because of heavy traffic.
• The flight was delayed because of mechanical problems.
• The price of gasoline has increased due to global supply chain disruptions.
• The company’s profits have declined due to increased competition.
• The patient’s condition has deteriorated due to complications from surgery.
• The school’s budget has been cut due to funding shortages.
• The employee was fired due to poor performance.
• The stock market crash in 2008 led to a global recession.
• The invention of the printing press revolutionized communication and education.
• The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in manufacturing and transportation.
• The discovery of penicillin revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases.
• The launch of the first satellite in 1957 ushered in the era of space exploration.
• The company’s decision to relocate its headquarters resulted in a loss of jobs in the community.
• The government’s policy change led to a decrease in crime rates.
• The adoption of new technology improved productivity and efficiency in the workplace.
• The investment in education and training led to a skilled workforce.
• The implementation of environmental regulations reduced pollution and improved air quality.
• The defendant was found guilty of the crime, therefore he was sentenced to prison.
• The experiment yielded positive results, therefore the hypothesis was supported.
• The company exceeded its sales targets, therefore it earned a significant profit.
• The patient responded well to the treatment, therefore his condition improved.
• The team won the competition, therefore they advanced to the next round.
• The company’s product failed to meet market expectations, hence it was discontinued.
• The government’s economic policies were ineffective, hence they were revised.
• The teacher’s teaching methods were outdated, hence they were replaced with more modern approaches.
• The old building was demolished, hence a new one was constructed in its place.
• The company’s strategy failed to achieve its desired results, hence it was abandoned.
• The company’s expansion into new markets led to increased revenue, thus improving its financial performance.
• The adoption of new technology enhanced the company’s productivity, thus enabling it to meet customer demands more efficiently.
• The implementation of a training program improved employee morale and performance, thus contributing to the company’s success.
• The company’s investment in research and development led to the creation of innovative products, thus strengthening its competitive advantage.
• The company’s commitment to sustainability resulted in reduced environmental impact, thus enhancing its reputation and attracting environmentally conscious consumers.
• The company’s earnings report indicated a significant increase in profits, accordingly the stock price rose.
• The weather forecast predicted heavy rain, accordingly the outdoor event was canceled.
• The medical examination revealed a need for immediate treatment, accordingly the patient was scheduled for surgery.
• The investigation uncovered evidence of wrongdoing, accordingly the individual was charged with a crime.
• The traffic report indicated a congested highway, accordingly the driver took an alternative route.
• The company’s decision to reduce its workforce resulted in increased unemployment and economic hardship.
• The government’s failure to address climate change will lead to more extreme weather events and natural disasters.
• The spread of misinformation on social media has contributed to an increase in social unrest and political polarization.
• The overconsumption of natural resources is leading to environmental degradation and resource depletion.
• The unchecked growth of technology without ethical considerations could lead to harmful consequences for society.

Common Errors in Using Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Despite their importance in language, conjunctions of cause and effect can often be misused or misunderstood, leading to grammatical errors and convoluted sentences. Here are some of the most common errors to avoid:

1. Confusing Conjunctions of Cause and Effect with Other Types of Conjunctions

One of the most frequent errors in using conjunctions of cause and effect is confusing them with other types of conjunctions, such as coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions, such as “and,” “but,” and “or,” are used to connect clauses of equal grammatical importance. Subordinating conjunctions, such as “because,” “although,” and “since,” are used to introduce dependent clauses that are subordinate to a main clause.

Here are some examples of how conjunctions of cause and effect can be confused with other types of conjunctions:

• Incorrect: I will meet you where the river meets the sea, and we will have a picnic.
• Correct: I will meet you where the river meets the sea. We can have a picnic there.
• Incorrect: Everywhere I go, I am reminded of my childhood.
• Correct: I am reminded of my childhood everywhere I go.

2. Misusing Compound Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

Compound conjunctions of cause and effect are more specific than simple conjunctions of cause and effect and should be used when precise information about the direction, position, or movement of something is needed. However, it is common to misuse compound conjunctions of cause and effect, either by using the wrong conjunction or by using it in the wrong context.

Here are some examples of how compound conjunctions of cause and effect can be misused:

• Incorrect: I walked through which place the forest was thickest.
• Correct: I walked through the place where the forest was thickest.
• Incorrect: I followed the path until after which it turned into a dirt road.
• Correct: I followed the path until it turned into a dirt road.

3. Placing Conjunctions of Cause and Effect in the Wrong Position in the Sentence

Conjunctions of cause and effect should be placed in a position in the sentence that clearly connects the clauses or phrases they are meant to join. However, it is common to place conjunctions of cause and effect in the wrong position, which can make the sentence unclear or grammatically incorrect.

Here are some examples of how conjunctions of cause and effect can be placed in the wrong position in the sentence:

• Incorrect: Everywhere, I found people who were kind and welcoming.
• Correct: I found people who were kind and welcoming everywhere I went.
• Incorrect: The thief escaped, and the police were everywhere to find him.
• Correct: The police were everywhere, trying to find the thief who had escaped.

4. Using Conjunctions of Cause and Effect Incorrectly to Express Temporal Relationships

While conjunctions of cause and effect can sometimes indicate a sequence of events, they should not be used to express temporal relationships exclusively. There are specific conjunctions and phrases that are more appropriate for indicating time, such as “before,” “after,” “while,” “when,” “until,” “since,” and “as long as.”

Here are some examples of how conjunctions of cause and effect can be used incorrectly to express temporal relationships:

• Incorrect: I will do my homework because it is due tomorrow.
• Correct: I will do my homework since it is due tomorrow.
• Incorrect: I went to the park as the sun was setting.
• Correct: I went to the park as the sun was setting.

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• Linking Words & Connector Words: Ultimate List With Examples
• Learn English
• James Prior
• No Comments
• Updated February 23, 2024

Linking words and connector words are essential tools for effective communication and writing. They play a crucial role in connecting ideas, enhancing coherence, and guiding the flow of information. Whether you’re writing an essay, giving a presentation, or engaging in a conversation, using appropriate linking words can greatly improve the clarity and effectiveness of your message.

In this ultimate list of linking words, we have compiled a comprehensive collection of linking words along with examples to help you understand their usage and apply them in various contexts. From words that highlight contrast and similarity to those that indicate cause and effect or order of importance, this list covers a wide range of linking words to suit different purposes.

Ready to link your words? Let’s get started!

Table of Contents

What are linking words?

Linking words, also known as connector words or transition words, are words or phrases that connect ideas or parts of a text, providing coherence and smoothness to the overall flow of information. They serve as bridges between sentences, paragraphs, or even larger sections of a document, helping to establish relationships, indicate contrasts, add information, show cause and effect, provide examples, and more.

Here are some common categories of linking words with examples:

Linking words for addition

Addition: Words that show the addition of information or ideas.

These linking words and phrases can help you add information, reinforce ideas, or provide further examples in your writing or conversation. Use them appropriately to expand on your points and enhance the overall coherence and richness of your communication.

• She is fluent in English, and additionally, she speaks French and Spanish.
• The report highlights the benefits of renewable energy; furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of conservation.
• The new system not only improves efficiency but moreover, it reduces costs.
• In addition to his regular job, he volunteers at a local charity.
• She not only excels in academics but also actively participates in extracurricular activities.
• The team consists of experienced professionals as well as enthusiastic newcomers.
• The company values teamwork; likewise, it fosters individual growth and development.
• Besides working full-time, he manages to pursue his hobbies and spend time with famil
• The website offers free shipping; what’s more, customers can enjoy a 30-day money-back guarantee.
• On top of their regular duties, employees are encouraged to take part in professional development opportunities.
• Developing strong interpersonal skills is equally important as acquiring technical knowledge.
• The event attracted a large audience, not to mention the media coverage it received.
• Along with the new software update, customers will also receive enhanced customer support.
• The company achieved its sales targets for the year; what is more, it surpassed them by 20%.
• The team completed the project ahead of schedule; besides that, they received positive feedback from the client.
• The company’s commitment to quality, coupled with its competitive pricing, sets it apart from its competitors.

Linking words for contrast

Contrast: Words that highlight differences or contrasting ideas.

These linking words and phrases can help you express contrasting ideas and show the differences between two or more concepts or situations. Remember to use them appropriately based on the context and your intended meaning.

• She studied hard; however, she didn’t pass the exam.
• John loves traveling; on the other hand, his sister prefers staying at home.
• The weather was terrible; nevertheless, they decided to go for a walk.
• He had a sprained ankle; nonetheless, he played in the soccer match.
• Despite the rain, they went to the beach.
• In spite of the traffic, they arrived on time.
• Although it was late, they continued with their work.
• Even though she was tired, she went to the gym.
• I enjoy reading, while my brother prefers watching movies.
• Sarah loves cooking, whereas her husband prefers eating out.
• Unlike his friends, Mark is not a fan of horror movies.
• She hates winter; conversely, I love it.
• She expected him to be upset; on the contrary, he was happy.
• They planned to go to the cinema, but instead, they stayed home and watched a movie.
• The cat is small and playful, in contrast to the dog, which is big and lazy.
• He enjoys sports; conversely, his sister prefers art.
• On one hand, the book is interesting; on the other hand, it’s quite lengthy.
• They could go by car, or alternatively, they could take the train.
• The movie received mixed reviews; nevertheless, it became a box office hit.
• She didn’t pass the test, but in any case, she learned a lot from studying.

Linking words for similarity

Similarity: Words that highlight similarities or shared ideas.

These linking words and phrases can help you express similarities between two or more ideas, situations, or individuals. Use them appropriately based on the context to highlight shared characteristics or experiences.

• Sarah enjoys reading; likewise, her brother is an avid reader.
• John and Emily both love hiking; similarly, they enjoy spending time in nature.
• Just as Sarah likes swimming, in the same way, her best friend enjoys diving.
• Jack has a passion for photography, similarly to his sister who is also an enthusiast.
• Just like her mother, Jane has a talent for playing the piano.
• The two artists approach their work in a similar vein, both using vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes.
• Mark loves cooking, and by the same token, he also enjoys experimenting with new recipes.
• As the workload increased, the stress levels of the employees correspondingly rose.
• Both Sarah and Emily are equally skilled in playing the guitar.
• The designer creates unique clothing pieces, and in a similar fashion, the jewelry maker crafts one-of-a-kind accessories.
• Just as the sun rises in the morning, the moon appears in the evening.
• The teacher explains complex concepts in a simple and understandable way, in the same manner as her colleague.
• He enjoys hiking and camping, and his friends, likewise, too, share his enthusiasm for outdoor activities.
• Just as a bird builds its nest with care and precision, in the same way, an architect plans and constructs a building.
• The two books explore themes of love and loss, along similar lines, inviting readers to contemplate the human experience.
• As with all great artists, Picasso’s work continues to inspire and influence generations.
• Exercise is essential for physical health, and just as importantly, it is crucial for mental well-being.
• Much like a puzzle, life consists of various pieces that fit together to form a bigger picture.

Linking words for cause and effect

Cause and Effect: Words that demonstrate cause and effect relationships.

These linking words and phrases can help you express the cause-and-effect relationship between events or actions. Use them appropriately based on the context to convey the reason and result of a particular situation or occurrence.

• He failed the exam because he didn’t study.
• They arrived early since they left home on time.
• As a result of heavy rainfall, the streets were flooded.
• The event was canceled due to bad weather conditions.
• The store was closed, therefore, they had to find another place to shop.
• He missed the train, consequently, he arrived late to the meeting.
• Owing to a power outage, the concert was postponed.
• She didn’t have enough sleep, thus, she felt tired throughout the day.
• He couldn’t attend the party, for this reason, he sent his apologies.
• The storm caused damage to the houses, resulting in the need for repairs.
• The baby was hungry, so she started crying.
• Lack of exercise and poor diet often leads to weight gain.
• They missed the train because of heavy traffic.
• The roads were icy, this is why there were many accidents.
• They spent all their money, as a consequence, they couldn’t afford the trip.
• He quit smoking, and since then, he feels healthier.
• The company introduced a new product, and in turn, its sales increased.
• She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.

Linking words for time and sequence

Time and sequence: Words that indicate time or sequence of events or actions.

These linking words and phrases can help you express the chronological order and sequence of events or actions. Use them appropriately to guide your audience through the progression of ideas or to outline the steps in a process or narrative.

• Firstly, let’s discuss the main causes of climate change.
• Secondly, we need to consider the potential solutions to the problem.
• Next, we will move on to the implementation phase of the project.
• We need to complete the research phase first. Then, we can start analyzing the data.
• After that, we can proceed with the construction of the building.
• The company experienced financial difficulties. Subsequently, they had to lay off several employees.
• The team was working on the project. Meanwhile, the marketing department was preparing the promotional materials.
• The two processes are happening simultaneously, ensuring efficient production.
• The report will be ready in a week. In the meantime, please proceed with the other tasks.
• During the meeting, we will discuss the budget and timeline.
• While he was studying, his friends were playing video games.
• Please wait here until your name is called.
• We need to complete the paperwork before the deadline.
• She attended the conference, and afterward, she shared her insights with the team.
• Finally, we reached an agreement after a long negotiation process.
• In the end, they decided to cancel the project due to budget constraints.
• The presentation was engaging, and at the same time, informative.
• Initially, he struggled with the new software, but with practice, he became proficient.
• At first, the project seemed overwhelming, but with proper planning, it became manageable.

Linking words for order of importance

Order of Importance: Words that highlight the hierarchy or ranking of ideas based on their significance.

These linking words and phrases can help you establish the order of importance when presenting ideas or arguments. Use them to emphasize the significance of certain points, highlight key considerations, or guide the reader’s attention to the most critical aspects.

• Most importantly, we need to prioritize the safety of our employees.
• Above all, we must prioritize the needs of our customers.
• The company’s success primarily depends on effective leadership and strategic planning.
• First and foremost, we need to address the urgent issue of inflation.
• The new policy chiefly focuses on reducing waste and promoting sustainability.
• Notably, the project resulted in significant cost savings for the organization.
• Above anything else, maintaining a high standard of quality is our top priority.
• It is essential to note that effective communication is the foundation of strong relationships.
• It is worth mentioning that the company’s ethical practices have earned it a positive reputation.

Linking words for exemplification

Example: Words that provide examples or illustrate a point.

These linking words and phrases can help you introduce examples and provide further clarification or evidence to support your statements. Use them to enhance your explanations and illustrate your points effectively.

Here’s a list of linking words and phrases that are commonly used to illustrate an example, along with examples:

• There are many fruits you can choose from, for example, apples, oranges, and bananas.
• Many countries have implemented environmental policies; for instance, Sweden has significantly reduced its carbon emissions.
• I enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and swimming.
• The party was attended by several guests, including friends, family, and colleagues.
• He has many hobbies, like painting, playing the guitar, and photography.
• The company provides various employee benefits, as an illustration, health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.
• Let me give you an example to illustrate my point.
• There are several endangered species in the area, namely the African elephant, the Bengal tiger, and the giant panda.
• The city offers various attractions, in particular, museums, parks, and historical landmarks.
• The project requires specific skills, specifically programming and data analysis.
• By way of example, let’s consider the case of a successful startup that disrupted the market.
• To give an example, let’s say you want to improve your fitness; you can try activities like jogging, swimming, or joining a gym.
• The experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effects of temperature on plant growth.
• As a case in point, many countries have implemented renewable energy initiatives to combat pollution.
• I will use a specific scenario to exemplify how the new policy can be implemented effectively.
• The job requires strong communication skills , in essence, the ability to express ideas clearly and persuasively.
• The city has invested in renewable energy projects to reduce its carbon footprint. One example of this is the installation of solar panels on public buildings.
• To be specific, the company offers three main product lines: electronics, appliances, and furniture.
• The data collected serves as proof that the new marketing strategy is effective.
• In a similar manner, many companies have embraced remote work as a response to the pandemic.

Linking words for focusing

These linking words and phrases can help you direct attention or emphasize a specific aspect of your discussion or argument. Use them appropriately to highlight the main points or focus areas, ensuring clarity and precision in your communication.

Here’s a list of linking words and phrases that are commonly used to express focusing or directing attention, along with examples:

• Specifically, we need to address the issue of employee turnover in our department.
• The marketing team has made significant progress, particularly in digital advertising.
• In particular, we need to improve our customer service to enhance customer satisfaction.
• Notably, the company achieved a record-breaking sales figure in the last quarter.
• This task requires attention to detail, especially when dealing with sensitive data.
• Specifically speaking, the new software update addresses the security vulnerabilities.
• Above all, we must prioritize the safety of our employees.
• The company’s success mainly relies on customer satisfaction and brand reputation.
• The primary goal of our project is to reduce waste and promote sustainability.
• Essentially, our focus should be on optimizing operational efficiency.
• Individually, each team member plays a crucial role in achieving our objectives.
• Precisely, we need to adhere to the project timeline to meet the deadline.
• Specifically, with regards to customer feedback, we have received positive reviews.
• The new product line has a sleek design, not to mention its advanced features.
• It is worth noting that the market trends are shifting towards online shopping.
• Above everything else, we need to prioritize the quality of our products.
• In essence, our primary objective is to provide exceptional customer service.
• To be more precise, we should focus on improving our supply chain management.
• In specific terms, the sales team needs to focus on building client relationships.
• More importantly, we need to address the concerns raised by our customers.

Linking words for conclusion

Conclusion: Words that summarize or conclude a text.

These linking words and phrases can help you signal the conclusion of your argument, presentation, or essay. Use them to summarize key points, restate your main argument, or provide a final thought or recommendation.

• In conclusion, it is evident that deforestation poses a significant threat to our planet.
• To sum up, the project was a great success, exceeding all expectations.
• Ultimately, the decision lies in your hands.
• All in all, it was a memorable vacation filled with adventure and relaxation.
• Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for their hard work and dedication.
• In summary, the findings of the study suggest a strong correlation between exercise and mental well-being.
• To conclude, the evidence supports the hypothesis that regular exercise improves cardiovascular health.
• The data collected consistently points to the same conclusion; therefore, we can confidently assert our findings.
• In essence, the research demonstrates that social media has a profound impact on interpersonal relationships.
• The campaign received widespread support, and as a result, donations increased significantly.
• In a nutshell, the project aims to promote sustainability through renewable energy initiatives.
• The experiments consistently yielded similar results; thus, we can draw a definitive conclusion.
• The evidence strongly suggests a link between smoking and lung cancer; hence, it is crucial to raise awareness about the risks.
• In light of these findings, it is necessary to reconsider the current educational policies.
• The company faced financial challenges, and consequently, had to downsize its workforce.
• In conclusion, it can be stated that effective communication is the key to successful teamwork.
• Taking all factors into account, it is clear that globalization has both positive and negative consequences.
• The lack of investment resulted in decreased productivity, as a consequence, the company experienced a decline in profits.
• The study findings reveal a correlation between stress levels and sleep quality; thus, it can be inferred that managing stress positively affects sleep.
• Given these points, it is evident that the project should be prioritized for its long-term benefits.

If you’d like more examples, check out this list of other ways to say in conclusion .

Conclusion: Ready to link your words?

These are just some examples of linking words, and there are numerous other linking words and phrases available for different purposes and contexts. Using them appropriately can greatly enhance the clarity and coherence of your writing or speech. So, if you want to become more fluent in English, it’s time to start thinking about linking words!

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Connectors in English: How to Use Them

Are your essays in English marked poorly despite your grammatically correct sentences?

Have you ever been told that your paragraphs don’t connect to each other even though they talk about the same topic?

This is where English connectors come in—a.k.a., the words I’ve marked in bold above!

Today, I’m going to talk about what connectors in English are, the most common ones you’ll come across and how to practice them.

Once you’re done with this article, I hope you’ll agree that these words and phrases are simply magical!

What Are English Connectors?

English connectors for cause and effect, english connectors for illustration, english connectors for emphasis, english connectors for comparison, english connectors for contrast, english connectors for sequence, english connectors for conclusion, tips for practicing english connectors, and one more thing....

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

English connectors are little words and phrases that help you connect sentences, paragraphs and ideas. Used both in spoken and written English, they help make your English sound more logical and structured.

You can think of connectors as like the thread that holds a necklace’s beads (i.e. sentences, paragraphs and ideas) together.

In fact, you probably already use them without even realizing it!

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Note that English connectors are different from English conjunctions . While conjunctions link two or more words or clauses within a sentence, connectors establish that two separate sentences or ideas are related to each other. 

To help you understand further, I’m going to walk you through some of the most common connectors in English and how they’re used. Some are used formally, while others are more casual. Some are even  interchangeable —that is, you can use them in place of similar words.

In everyday conversations , we often need to explain things.

Perhaps you were late for school because your car ran out of gas. Or you want to buy chocolates because you want to surprise your mother on her birthday.

Explaining things will be much easier if you throw in these important English connectors.

Let’s take a look at them!

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Giving illustrations or examples helps us prove our point and convince other people to believe us. These words help people understand what you’re trying to say and can help them see why you believe what you believe.

While discussing an issue or idea, you may want to focus on a particular point or example. To make the listener understand the importance of that specific idea, you can use the following connectors.

Sometimes, we need to draw attention to certain similarities to make a point or explain something. This is especially important in writing!

To make better comparisons, use the following English connectors.

Sometimes, we need to express different or contradicting ideas side-by-side. Doing this helps the listener or reader focus on important differences and makes them aware of the many sides of a topic.

These connectors are useful when you’re giving step-by-step instructions or listing points.

Finally , how do you let your reader know that you’ve reached the end? (See what I did there?)

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There are certain connectors that we usually use during conclusions or when we’ve reached the end of what we wanted to say. When writing or stating conclusions, you usually repeat the most important points.

Here are some quick tips that’ll help you learn English connectors more efficiently.

Make Your Own Sentences

To explain the meanings and uses of different connectors, I’ve provided example sentences for each. However, you’ll remember them much better if you come up with your own examples.

You can start by using connectors in your diary entries, notebooks, essays and the like. Soon, you’ll find yourself using these connectors in everyday speech as well!

Write a Short Story or Essay

To see the huge difference English connectors can make, try writing a paragraph without any connectors and then rewrite it using some of the connectors above. You’ll quickly realize that your sentences will flow better, sound more logical and become easier to understand.

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Learn English with Authentic Content

You probably want to speak English like a native (or at least try to). So why not learn from natives? Try watching a speech in English to get a good idea of how these fit together. Look for the ones with transcripts that you can write notes in, maybe even circling all of the connecting terms as you see them. 

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Do Online Exercises

Finally, to check whether you’ve understood how to use connectors correctly, you can try online exercises from websites that cover English grammar .

For example, the ones on English Daily  and English Grammar are pretty short and can be completed in a few minutes.

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There’s also ToLearnEnglish , which provides a brief list of common connectors before you solve the exercise, making it a great resource for review.

Now that you know the most commonly-used English connectors, you can use them in sentences and paragraphs with great confidence. Try your hand at some of the exercises I’ve suggested for practice.

So what are you waiting for?

Get out there and start incorporating these useful English connectors into your everyday life!

If you like learning English through movies and online media, you should also check out FluentU. FluentU lets you learn English from popular talk shows, catchy music videos and funny commercials , as you can see here:

If you want to watch it, the FluentU app has probably got it.

The FluentU app and website makes it really easy to watch English videos. There are captions that are interactive. That means you can tap on any word to see an image, definition, and useful examples.

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For example, when you tap on the word "searching," you see this:

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• Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples

Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples

Published on May 29, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 23, 2023.

Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.

The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore , we attempted a second solution. However , this solution was also unsuccessful.

For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.

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Table of contents

When and how to use transition words, types and examples of transition words, common mistakes with transition words, other interesting articles.

Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma ), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.

Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.

Example text with and without transition words

The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.

If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.

Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently , France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However , Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.

Don’t overuse transition words

While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.

In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.

The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.

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There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential. Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.

Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.

Additive transition words

Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.

Adversative transition words

Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.

Causal transition words

Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.

Sequential transition words

Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.

Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.

Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.

Confused use of therefore

“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.

• We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore , the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.

The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”

• We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.

Starting a sentence with also , and , or so

While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.

• Also , a second round of testing was carried out.

To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.

• A second round of testing was also carried out.
• Additionally , a second round of testing was carried out.

Transition words creating sentence fragments

Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions . This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.

The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.

• Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.

We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”

• Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
• Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However , other researchers disagree.

And vs. as well as

Students often use the phrase “ as well as ” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.

• Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse .

In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before “as well as” but not before “and.”

• Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
• Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse , as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.

Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y ,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”

• Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
• Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.

Use of and/or

The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.

First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.

• Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
• Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.

Archaic transition words

Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.

• Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby , we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.

These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.

• Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such , we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.

Using a paraphrasing tool for clear writing

With the use of certain tools, you can make your writing clear. One of these tools is a paraphrasing tool . One thing the tool does is help your sentences make more sense. It has different modes where it checks how your text can be improved. For example, automatically adding transition words where needed.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or writing rules make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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Module 4: Writing Workshop—Writing in College

Cause and effect essays, learning objectives.

• Describe techniques for highlighting cause and effect

Cause and effect is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. For example, if we eat too much food and do not exercise, we gain weight. Eating food without exercising is the “cause;” weight gain is the “effect.” There may be multiple causes and multiple effects. Looking for the reason why things happen (cause/effect) is a basic human drive. So, understanding the cause/effect text structure is essential in learning the basic ways the world works. Writers use this text structure to show order, inform, speculate, and change behavior. This text structure uses the process of identifying potential causes of a problem or issue in an orderly way. It is often used to teach social studies and science concepts.

Breaking Down Cause and Effect Assignments

Sometimes writing prompts include signal words that show cause/effect relationships, such as:  because , so, so that, if… then, consequently, thus, since, for, for this reason, as a result of, therefore, due to, this is how, nevertheless , and accordingly . 

Figure 1 . What are some known causes of heart disease? How would you format a cause and effect assignment based on this topic?

Cause and effect writing prompts will often ask the “why” question:

• Why are reality shows popular?

Sometimes they use words like analyze , connection , or relationship :

• What is the connection between greenhouse gases and climate change?
• Analyze the relationship between doing and learning

Other prompts may ask you to explain the cause and effect relationship. Look for the verb explain  as a signal word so you answer the prompt correctly.

• Explain the effects of livestock production on climate change.

Depending on the assignment, you may be asked to look for different kinds of cause/effect relationships:

• Stated cause/effect relationships : the relationship is stated clearly
• Unstated cause/effect relationships : you will need to make inferences or “read between the linked” to make connections in the relationship
• Reciprocal cause/effect relationships : effects may be part of a chain. In this kind of structure, one effect goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a third effect, etc.

Approaching the Assignment

Step 1 : Look for unstated cause-and-effect relationships

In some paragraphs, the cause-and-effect relationship is not directly stated. In these cases, you will have to “read between the lines” to find the cause-and-effect relationship. Use clues from the paragraph to identify a cause-and-effect relationship.

• To find the effect, ask yourself: “What happened?”
• To find the cause, ask yourself: “Why did it happen?”

Let’s look at some examples:

• Reef bleaching is the effect; global warming and rising temperatures are the cause.
• In this example, the cause is implied (being bad at team sports), and the effect, or result, is trying out for track and field.

Step 2 : Look for the signal words that show cause-and-effect relationships.

Step 3 : Look for effects that are also causes. Effects can form a chain in which one effect goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on. Study this example:

When people cut down trees to clear land, they destroy the habitats of birds. This reduces the number of nest sites. As a result, fewer baby birds are hatched, and the bird population declines.

• Cause 1: People cut down trees.
• Effect 1: The habitats of birds are destroyed.
• Effect 2: The number of nest sites is reduced.
• Effect 3: Fewer baby birds are hatched.
• Effect 4: The bird population declines.

Formatting Cause and Effect

Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow a basic paragraph format. That is, they begin with a topic sentence and this sentence is followed by specific supporting details.

For example, if the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences all describe causes. Here is an example:

In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth’s population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.

Notice how each supporting sentence is a cause that explains the effect mentioned in the topic sentence. In the chart below are the main ideas of the above paragraph, to help you understand the relationships better:

Notice also how the topic sentence is followed by the “focusing” or “prediction” sentence, “There are several reasons for this.” Such sentences help the reader anticipate the organization of the paragraph or essay.

Writing Workshop: Cause and effect

Open your Working Document and find the heading “Cause and Effect.”

Effect: Anxiety has increased among college students.

Causes: List 3 ideas you have about possible causes.

Try it the other way.

What effect might be indicated by the three causes below?

• The average U.S. resident spends over two hours on social media every day.
• The average worker spends over a quarter of their work week on e-mail.
• On average, U.S. adults send more than 30 texts per day.
• Cause and Effect. Authored by : Lisa Weinberger for Lumen Learning. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
• Cartoon human heart. Authored by : azwer. Provided by : Pixabay. Located at : https://pixabay.com/vectors/human-heart-blood-flow-1700453/ . License : Other . License Terms : https://pixabay.com/service/terms/#license

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Cause and Effect Transition Words

What are cause and effect transition words?

Transition words also referred to as linking or connecting words, are tools used to create coherence and consistency (known as ‘flow’) in a piece of writing. Transition words (or phrases) link different points together to improve readability. Without these words, the relationship between ideas may be unclear to the reader. Transition words add logic, order, and structure to the writing.  They help the reader to follow the points by showing the connection between different phrases, sentences, or paragraphs. To learn about cause and effect transition words, keep reading!

Types of transition words 

There are four different types of transition words, which should be used depending on what the writer is trying to portray.  Each transition word has different meanings and implications. So before inserting a word into a paper, it’s critical to fully understand meaning and usage. Most transition words and phrases can appear in three places in a sentence: at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end. Some transitions can also be placed between two sentences.

Transition words fall into one of these categories:

Cause and effect transition words

Also referred to as causation, these connect a reason to a consequence.  Examples include “therefore”, and “because”.

Sequential transition words

These connect ideas or events to when they occur, chronologically.  Examples include “first of all” and “second”.

Additive transition words

These are used to add information. Examples include “furthermore” and “such as”.

Adversative transition words 

These are used to show contrast or conflict. Examples include “however” and “even though”.

Cause and effect 

Cause and effect transition words make a certain type of text, a cause and effect essay, easier to read. A cause and effect essay shows how two or more events are related.  The transition words help to provide either a reason or a consequence and give the reader a better idea of where to find the connection between two separate things.

Transition words to show cause (reason)

These are words and phrases that introduce a cause or reason.  They should be used at the beginning of a cause and effect essay. Some of these can be used interchangeably.

• Because/Since: Since can also be used to express time, for example, I have worked at the factory since 2010 .
• As a result of 
• Because of/Due to can be followed by “the fact that”

It is important to note that when these are used at the beginning of a sentence, an effect or consequence must be included at the end of the sentence. Depending on which transition is used, it will be followed by either a verb phrase or a noun phrase.

Because + [noun phrase]: Because it rained for days, the basement flooded.

Since + [verb phrase]: Since learning how to drive, she was always out. 

As a result of + [noun phrase]: As a result of the bad weather, the party was cut short.

**As a result of + [independent clause]: She was late; as a result, we missed the beginning of the lecture.

As + [verb phrase]: As I was tired, I made several mistakes.

Because of + [noun phrase]: Because of the depression, many people relied on food pantries. 

Due to + [noun phrase]: Due to the traffic, he was late for work. 

Owing to + [noun phrase]: Owing to the national holiday, she had the day off from work .

Transition words to show effect (consequence)

The following are words and phrases that introduce an effect or consequence.  They should be used after a sentence or paragraph that describes a cause. Some of these can be used interchangeably.

• So/Therefore/As a result
• Consequently/Accordingly/As such
• On account of 
• For that reason

How to properly use transitions

• Make sure the word or phrase matches the connection being made. It is unhelpful to throw transition words into an essay without proper use.
• Certain transitions are considered relatively formal, such as “hence”, and “thus”. Therefore, these should be used only in formal writing.
• It’s important that transition words are not overused or the reader may feel like the relationship is over explaining relationships that are already clear.
• If the transition is at the beginning of the sentence, you must use a comma. If the transition is not at the beginning a comma is not necessary.
• Words like “because”, “since”, and “as” are known as subordinating conjunctions. They start clauses that cannot exist on their own.  If a clause is introduced by a word like this it should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.
• Example 1: Because it rained. This is incorrect. 
• Example 2: Because it rained, I did not go to the beach. This is correct.

Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not all interchangeable. Understanding the meaning of the word or phrase before use is crucial.

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Cause & effect essays Aka reason and result

The Cause and effect essay is another common essay type, either as an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger essay which includes one or more paragraphs examining causes and effects. This page gives information on what a cause and effect essay is , how to structure this type of essay, and how to use cause and effect structure words (transition signals) for this type of essay. There is also an example cause and effect essay on the topic of women at work, as well as some exercises to help you practice this area.

What are cause & effect essays?

For another look at the same content, check out YouTube » or Youku » , or this infographic » .

A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though sometimes this may be only part of the whole essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the causes or the effects, not both, are discussed. See the examples below.

• Discuss the causes and effects of global warming ['cause and effect' essay]
• Explain the high death rate in Chernobyl ['causes' only essay]
• Discuss the WTO and its effects on the Chinese economy ['effects' only essay]

There are two main ways to structure a cause and effect essay. These are similar to the ways to structure problem-solution essays , namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the causes are listed first, and all of the effects are listed afterwards. For the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by the effect. Usually that effect will then be the cause of the next effect, which is why this structure is called 'chain'. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any effects you present relate directly to the causes you have given.

The two types of structure, block and chain , are shown in the diagram below.

Cause and Effect Structure Words

Cause and effect structure words are transition signals which show the cause and effect relationships. It is important to be clear which is the cause (or reason) and which is the effect (or result), and to use the correct transition word or phrase. Remember that a cause happens first , and the effect happens later .

Below are some common cause and effect structure words. X is used to indicate a cause, while Y is used to indicate the effect.

• The first cause of (Y) is (X)
• The next reason is (X)
• Because of (X), (Y)
• As a result of (X), (Y)
• As a consequence of (X), (Y)
• because/since/as (X)
• to result from (X)
• (X) results in (Y)
• to be the result of (X)
• (Y) is due to (X)
• Owing to (X), (Y)
• (Y) is because of (X)
• (Y) is the effect of (X)
• (Y) is the consequence of (X)
• Worsening pollution levels in cities are due to the increased use of cars.
• Because of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.
• As a result of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.
• The effect of the increased use of cars is a worsening of pollution levels in cities.
• The first effect of (X) is (Y)
• Another result of (X) is (Y)
• As a result, (Y)
• As a consequence, (Y)
• Consequently (Y)
• Therefore, (Y)
• (X) causes (Y)
• (X) has an effect on (Y)
• (X) affects (Y)
• (X) is one of the causes of (Y)
• (X) is the reason for (Y)
• Cars are used increasingly for urban transport. As a consequence , pollution levels in cities are worsening.
• Increased use of cars for urban transport adversely affects pollution levels in cities.
• Increased use of cars for urban transport is one of the causes of worsening pollution levels in cities.

Example essay

Below is a cause and effect essay. This essay uses the block structure . Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. Causes, Effects, and structure words. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also the thesis statement and summary , as these repeat the causes and effects contained in the main body.

Title: More and more women are now going out to work and some women are now the major salary earner in the family. What are the causes of this, and what effect is this having on families and society?

In the past, most women stayed at home to take care of domestic chores such as cooking or cleaning. Women's liberation and feminism have meant that this situation has been transformed and in contemporary society women are playing an almost equal role to men in terms of work. This has had significant consequences , both in terms of the family , for example by improving quality of life and increasing children's sense of independence , and also for society itself with greater gender equality . The main reasons behind the increase of women in the workplace are women's liberation and feminism. The women's liberation movement originated in the 1960s and was popularised by authors such as Simone de Beauvoir. As a consequence of this, new legislation emerged, granting women equal rights to men in many fields, in particular employment. Because of feminist ideas, men have taken up roles which were previously seen as being for women only, most importantly those related to child rearing. As a result of this, women have more time to pursue their own careers and interests. These have led to some significant effects, both to family life and to society as a whole. Although the earning capacity of a woman in her lifetime is generally much less than that of a man, she can nevertheless make a significant contribution to the family income. The most important consequence of this is an improved quality of life. By helping to maintain a steady income for the family, the pressure on the husband is considerably reduced, hence improving both the husband's and the wife's emotional wellbeing. Additionally, the purchasing power of the family will also be raised. This means that the family can afford more luxuries such as foreign travel and a family car. A further effect on the family is the promotion of independence in the children. Some might argue that having both parents working might be damaging to the children because of a lack of parental attention. However, such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often rely on them to help with the housework. This therefore teaches them important life skills. As regards society, the most significant impact of women going to work is greater gender equality. There are an increasing number of women who are becoming politicians, lawyers, and even CEOs and company managers. This in turn has led to greater equality for women in all areas of life, not just employment. For example, women today have much stronger legal rights to protect themselves against domestic violence and sexual discrimination in the workplace. In conclusion, the increasing number of women at work has brought about some important changes to family life, including improved quality of life and increased independence for children, as well as affecting society itself. It is clear that the sexes are still a long way from being equal in all areas of life, however, and perhaps the challenge for the present century is to ensure that this takes place.

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Below is a checklist for cause and effect essays. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

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Author: Sheldon Smith    ‖    Last modified: 16 January 2022.

Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .

Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

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Expressing cause and effect, contrast, and condition with connectives (part one).

In previous lessons we’ve shown how to use adverb clauses and modifying adverbial phrases to express cause and effect, contrast, and condition. The words that introduce adverb clauses belong to a category of English words known as connectives that join one part of a sentence to another. Other types of connectives can also be used to express some of the same ideas that adverb clauses can. These other connectives are: prepositions, transitions, and conjunctions.

In this lesson, we’re going to discuss how these additional connectives can be used to express cause and effect and purpose. In the next lesson, we’ll wrap up connectives by looking at how they are used in expressions of contrast and condition.

Cause and Effect: “Because Of” and “Due To”

Adverb clauses introduced by because express cause and effect relationships:

Because it was raining, I wore a hooded sweatshirt.

Because of and due to are phrasal prepositions. They express the same cause-effect relationship

as because . However, a preposition is followed by a noun object, not by a subject and a verb:

Because of the rain , I wore a hooded sweatshirt.

Due to the rain, I wore a hooded sweatshirt.

Occasionally, you will see due to followed by a noun clause introduced by the fact that . This occurs primarily in older and very formal writing. Native English speakers rarely use it in conversations or informal writing:

Due to the fact that it was raining, I wore hooded sweatshirt.

Like adverb clauses, phrasal prepositions can also follow the main clause. Note the lack of a comma in these instances:

I wore a hooded sweatshirt because of the rain .

I wore a hooded sweatshirt due to the rain.

I wore hooded sweatshirt due to the fact that it was raining.  

Cause and Effect: “Therefore, Consequently, and So”

Transitions connect ideas between two sentences. They are used commonly in formal writing but rarely in spoken English. The transitions therefore and consequently mean “as a result.” They occur in the second of two related sentences and can have a variety of positions within the second sentence. Compare the following examples, which all have the same meaning:

Sam was late for work because she overslept.

Sam overslept. Therefore, she was late for work.

Sam overslept. She, therefore, was late for work.

Sam overslept. She was late for work, therefore.

So is a conjunction that has the same meaning as therefore. Because it is a conjunction, so uses a comma, not a period, to connect two related independent clauses:

Sam overslept, so she was late for work.  

Expressing Cause and Effect with “Such…That” and “So…That”

Such…that and so…that express cause and effect by enclosing other parts of speech. Such…that encloses a modified noun ( such + adjective + noun + that ):

It was such a nice day that I ate my lunch outside.

It was such a good movie that I saw it a second time.

So…that encloses an adjective or adverb ( so + adjective/adverb + that ):

The drink was so cold that it made my teeth hurt.

James speaks so slowly that I lose interest in what he is saying.

You can use so…that with many, few, much, and more to help express quantity:

Sarah’s section of the report contained so many grammar errors that I had to completely rewrite it.

Mike has so few days off that I rarely get to see him.

Julie makes so much money that she can go out for dinner whenever she wants.

Robert had so little trouble with the assignment that he finished it the day it was assigned.

Native English speakers often omit the that when speaking or writing informally:

I was so hungry (that ) I ate an entire pizza for dinner.

Using “So That” to Express Purpose

So that (with no words in between) expresses purpose. It has the same meaning as “in order to”:

I cleaned up the living room in order to enable my roommate to vacuum the floor.

I cleaned up the living room so (that) my roommate could vacuum the floor.

I cleaned up the living room for a purpose. The purpose was to make it possible for my roommate to vacuum the floor without having to move things out of the way.

So that is often used instead of in order to when ability is being expressed. Pairing so that with can/could is the same as saying “in order to be able to”:

I’m going to cash my paycheck so that I can buy groceries.

I cashed my paycheck so that I could buy groceries.

Combining so that with will, would, or a simple present tense verb is the same as saying “in order to make sure that.” Will is used in expressing present tense. Would expresses past tense. Using a simply present verb in place of will/would expresses future tense:

I’ll wear a hooded sweatshirt so that I won’t get my hair wet.

I wore a hooded sweatshirt so that I wouldn’t get my hair wet.

I’ll wear a hooded sweatshirt so that I don’t get my hair wet.

Cause Connectors

Cause Connectors :  Because, Because of; So/Such

The Importance of Cause Connectors in Clear and Coherent Writing

Cause Connectors: First and foremost, cause connectors enable writers to express the reason behind a particular outcome or action. Words and phrases like “because,” “since,” and “due to” help establish a cause-effect relationship by indicating the reason that led to a specific result. By employing cause connectors, writers can provide logical explanations and enhance the reader’s understanding of the subject matter.

Effects: The effects of using cause connectors in writing are significant. Firstly, writing that incorporates cause connectors becomes more precise and informative. Readers gain a clearer understanding of the relationships between ideas, as cause connectors provide explicit connections between causes and effects, making the writing more informative and engaging.

Conclusion: In conclusion, cause connectors play a vital role in achieving clarity and coherence in writing. They provide logical explanations, contribute to well-structured arguments, and enhance the organization and flow of ideas. By effectively using cause connectors, writers can create more informative, persuasive, and engaging texts that effectively convey their intended message.

As a result of:

Consequently:, for this reason:.

Exercise-1 Supply either because or because of as appropriate.

Exercise-2 Supply either because or because of as appropriate.

Exercise-3 Combine the following sentences by using so … that or such … that. Examples: This tea is good, I think I’ll have another cup. — This tea is so good that I think I’ll have another cup. This is good tea. I think I’ll have another cup. — This is such good tea that I think I’ll have another cup.

Exercise-4 Put in “so” or “such”.

Exercise-5 Use such instead of so. Example: The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down. — It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down.

Exercise-6 Put in so, such or such a.

Exercise-7 Correct mistakes in the following sentences.

Exercise-8 Define whether the sentences below are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Correct mistakes.

Enough with Adjectives, Adverbs and Nouns

How to Use Sentence Connectors to Show Contrast

• Writing Skills
• Pronunciation & Conversation
• Reading Comprehension
• Business English
• Resources for Teachers
• TESOL Diploma, Trinity College London
• M.A., Music Performance, Cologne University of Music
• B.A., Vocal Performance, Eastman School of Music

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style.

After you study these constructions, take the  contrasting ideas quiz  to check your understanding.

Common Connectors for Contrast

Common Constructions for Contrast

Learn More About Sentence Connectors

• Sentence Connectors: Addition
• Sentence Connectors: Opposition
• Sentence Connectors: Cause / Effect
• Sentence Connectors: Comparison
• How to Use Sentence Connectors to Express Complex Ideas
• Showing Addition in Written English
• Sentence Connectors: Showing Opposition in Written English
• Showing Cause / Effect in Written English
• Sentence Connectors and Sentences
• Writing Cause and Effect Essays for English Learners
• Compound Sentence Practice for ESL and EFL Students
• Text Organization
• Persuasive Writing: For and Against
• Complex Sentence Worksheet
• Sentence Patterns
• Learn to Order Events for Narrative Writing Assignments
• Proper Usage of "That" in English
• Compound-Complex Sentence Worksheet
• Cover Letter Example
• Writing Sentences for Beginners