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The Informal Cover Letter and Its Benefits

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Cover letters are indispensable for many professional job applications and can help you sell yourself to your future employer. Writing cover letters can be tedious, reading them even more so, but it does not have to be. An informal cover letter , also known as short cover letters, help break this tedium for job applicants and recruiters.

Keep reading to learn more about informal cover letters , their benefits, and the way to write one the next time you apply!

Types of Cover Letters

There any many types of cover letters for different scenarios. The most well-known is the  application cover letter . These types of cover letters are written for specific jobs and should include specific skills and qualifications regarding them.

The second type is the  prospecting cover letter.  Generally speaking, a prospecting cover letter is best suited to inquiries about open positions at a company you are interested.

Third is the  networking cover letter.  The networking cover letter is used to ask for career advice and career opportunities.

And finally, we come to the main topic of this article, the  informal cover letter .

What is the Informal (Short) Cover Letter?

The informal cover letter is a short cover letter with the purpose of quick introduction . You include information about yourself, your skills, why you are interested in the job, and your personal connection with the company. Short cover letters are for job inquiries that don’t require a formal cover letter.

This cover letter does not have a clear-cut format. Usually, it consists of a greeting, a simple body explaining your experience and your interest in the company.

As a rule of thumb, you should also attach your CV or resume to the cover letter when you are applying.

Benefits of the Informal Cover Letter

Many people think that a good cover letter should be lenghty. In fact, a short cover letter may be as beneficial to your application as a long one. There are many reasons hiring managers prefer a more brief cover letter:

• In most cases, hiring managers can read a short cover letter in less time. This makes it more likely that yours is read over a long cover letter from another applicant.
• Cover letters with a brief outline stand out more than longer ones.
• A short cover letter that grabs a reader’s attention quickly can show your ability to convey your qualifications concisely.
• It allows its author the freedom to discuss certain personal and professional experiences.

When Not to Write a Short Cover Letter?

Although short cover letters have many advantages over the traditional ones, there are some cases where you should not use them.

If you have too many relevant skills and experiences about the work, you should not trim them down. You should be writing all of them in great detail, with as much information as possible.

If the hiring manager or the employer put down word count limits in the job posting, you should obviously respect them.

Informal Cover Letter Examples

The most important thing to remember when writing a cover letter is that you are conveying relevant information in a concise manner.

Here is an example of an informal cover letter:

Dear Mr. Sacrimoni,

My name is Paulie, and I would be thrilled to join your team as an accounting manager. I admire Satriale Markets’ reputation of customers satisfaction.

My resume outlines my skills and 5 years of experience in accounting. I am passionate about speaking to new people and helping others reach their goals.

I believe my background will benefit a team that prioritizes collaboration, and Satriale Markets is the perfect place to apply for this role.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you to discuss the accounting manager position further.

Best,Paulie Gualtieri111 Oak Tree LaneSunnyvale, [email protected] | 555-123-12345

Employers might enjoy this example because it addresses the hiring manager personally. It also mentions the company in the first sentence, and it only takes half a page!

How Long Should it Be?

As a rule of thumb, write just half or two-thirds of a page. This way the hiring manager will be able to tell you right away it will be an effective and quick cover letter.

As most cover letters take up a single page, spending half or two thirds of the page shows the length difference.

Pam is an expert grammarian with years of experience teaching English, writing and ESL Grammar courses at the university level. She is enamored with all things language and fascinated with how we use words to shape our world.

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The Right (and Wrong) Ways to Show Personality in Your Cover Letter

7 min read · Updated on December 17, 2021

The ubiquitous “Just be yourself” isn't foolproof advice when it comes to cover letters. Here's how to add personality while keeping it professional.

For candidates in search of their next opportunity, the realities of the job-application process can be sobering.  According to Glassdoor , a corporate job opening attracts an average of 250 resumes. Of those, four to six candidates are typically interviewed, and only one gets the job.

What does this mean for you? First off, it requires you to submit your resume to multiple companies in quick succession. However, the standard resume format has its limitations when it comes to helping a candidate stand out. The cover letter is your opportunity to incorporate personality into your application — but it's critical to do this in a balanced and professional manner.

On one hand, if you aren't writing a cover letter that connects with the reader and showcases you as a unique person, you may as well not bother with a cover letter at all. On the other hand, a cover letter that's too informal or unprofessional will likely elicit a cringe from the hiring manager. How can you avoid common cover-letter mistakes, improve your odds of connecting with the decision-maker, and help your application rise to the top? Let's take a look.

Begin with an honest self-assessment   

Is there enough personality in your cover letter already? Maybe, or maybe not. A “black-marker test” will help you to elevate your cover letter and answer that question.

Here's how it works: Print your cover letter, then take a black marker and black out your name everywhere in the document. Reading it now, could you mistake it for someone else's? Could another professional replace your name with his or hers and use the rest of the cover letter without additional changes?

If your cover letter has failed the “black-marker test,” know that you are not alone. Most cover letters look and read almost identically because many candidates want to play it safe by using boilerplate language. Use this to your advantage! Make sure that your cover letter represents you and only you.

Understand the company culture

The goal of creating a personalized cover letter is to demonstrate a great fit between you and the company you are interested in. You want the hiring manager to get a sense that you will get along well with others who already work there. Therefore,  you must do your research to strike the right chord in your cover letter.

The company's website is a great place to get a sense of its culture. Does the company break the mold by introducing executives with personal anecdotes and cartoon drawings? If so, you have a bit more creative license when it comes to showcasing your quirky side. If you find a traditional corporate environment with black-and-white headshots and formal professional histories, your incorporation of personality should be carefully weighed and balanced.

Blog articles from the company, whether on the main website or on LinkedIn, can provide additional color and help your decision. Finally,  Glassdoor reviews can be useful as long as you approach them with healthy skepticism and look for patterns across a variety of individual experiences.

As you do your research and reflect on your application package, pay attention to any mismatches or resistance you may sense. For example, if you are having a hard time reigning in your tone to suit a hierarchical and formal organization, this company may not be the best fit for you in the long run.

Related:   How to Find a Job You Love by Assessing Company Culture

Don't just duplicate your resume — tell a story!

Once you understand the voice and style you are trying to echo, it's time to begin writing the cover letter. While following your resume is an easy way to structure the pairing cover letter, the result can come across as impersonal and boring. Instead of reiterating the professional experiences listed on your resume, use the cover letter to reflect on them by connecting to who you are.

Here are some brainstorming questions to spark new thinking:

What defining feature of your personality makes you a great fit for this position?

What quote might illustrate your interest in this company, your professional journey, or your personality?

What about this position draws you to apply?

What experience isn't on your resume but would be an appropriate connection point on the cover letter?

Here are some examples:

“I am the kind of a person who will insist on testing new teleconferencing software from multiple different internet browsers to make sure that the flow of the client conversation isn't interrupted by technical issues. My focus on identifying risks, then addressing them proactively and systematically, makes me the project manager you are looking for.”

“When I was eight years old, I asked my parents for starter capital to fund my very first business venture: breeding rabbits. With my father's help, I built cages and installed heaters to keep the bunnies warm during the winter. I volunteered to sweep the aisles at a local mom-and-pop grocery store in exchange for taking home discarded vegetables. Months of my hard work paid off at Easter. My hand-drawn advertisement posters brought in scores of local families who lined up to buy the bunnies for their kids. That spring, I made $50 and discovered my passion for entrepreneurship. I will bring the same enthusiasm, creativity, and tenacity to the position of Sales Manager at your company.”

“I remember looking out of the window of the Red Line train as it surfaced above ground to cross Charles River on my way to classes at Suffolk University. Every day, no matter how early or late, I would find the Hancock Tower above the Boston skyline and think to myself “Someday, I will work for Ernst & Young in that very building.” As I prepare to graduate this spring, my dream can come true with this internship position.”

Personalize for success (with caution)

From an honest self-assessment to brainstorming, understanding the company culture, and crafting a story, you are well on your way to writing a cover letter that will help you stand out in a pile of same-old applications.

As you write your personal take on why you are a great candidate for the position, be careful to use the right amount of personality. Stay away from stories that are deeply personal to the point of being embarrassing. Anecdotes that are funny for the sake of cracking a joke, or not relevant to the job at hand, won't help you make your case. Personality should never come at the expense of professionalism!

As always, don't neglect to spell check and proofread every cover letter. Reading it aloud can help you spot the sections that don't flow smoothly. Check your tone — it should be conversational, yet respectful. Use your cover letter as an opportunity to showcase the research you've done by mentioning client names that get you excited, recent accomplishments and pride points for the company, or anything else that will reinforce the personal connection between you and the position you want. Combine these tips with the right dose of personality and you'll be sure to show a hiring manager that you belong.

Click on the following link for more cover-letter advice .

Your resume should pair well with your cover letter. How does yours stack up? Submit it for a free resume critique and we'll tell you.

Recommended Reading:

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Ask Amanda: How Do I Write a Cover Letter?

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See how your resume stacks up.

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16 Secrets for Writing Cover Letters That Get You Hired

I can write a solid resume, interview well, and make sure that my online presence is on point.

The one thing that’s always been a struggle? The dreaded cover letter.

Cover letters can be absolute torture, and it feels like there are a million ways to screw them up. Is yours too formal or informal? Too long or short? Too much information or too vague?

There’s an upside, though: Making your cover letter awesome doesn’t have to be a long, difficult process. In fact, as I’ve written more and more cover letters over time (and started helping dozens of other people write theirs), they’ve actually become (gasp!) fun.

Below, I’ve listed the 16 most important tips I’ve learned to make crafting a cover letter into an easy and pain-free process. Half of the tips are related to what you write, and the other half are tiny things that’ll make sure your cover letter is better than the rest. By the end of the list, there’s no way a hiring manager will be able to shuffle you to the bottom of the pile. Or you know…delete your email…

8 Tips for Cover Letters That Grab Hiring Managers’ Attention

1. Describe a pain point

Here’s the most important question any cover letter should answer: What problem would hiring you solve?

Notice that this question is about the company’s problem, not your desire to land the job! Tricky, I know.

But think about it: If a company has put up a job description, it means they have a pain point and need a solution. For example, if a company is hiring a web designer, it means they don’t think their current layout is up to snuff and they’re looking for someone who can get them there. That’s the problem they need solved, and that’s what your cover letter should make clear in first few sentences.

2. Don’t regurgitate your resume

This is a tip that you’ve probably heard before, but it happens all the time : Don’t use your cover letter to simply restate your resume!

Your cover letter is the perfect place to expand on things that your resume doesn’t detail, illustrate the more intangible reasons why you’re perfect for the job, and explain any particular circumstances that warrant discussion (for example, if you’re making a sudden or drastic career change).

Skillcrush: 22 Things to Remove From Your Resume Immediately

3. The tone should match the company

Cover letters are great for companies not only because they can see if you can solve the problem at hand, but also because they give hiring managers a sense of whether or not you understand the company culture.

How do they figure this out? Tone.

Take a look at a company’s website, how its social media is phrased, and how its employees talk about it online. Is this company a little more informal and fun? Is it buttoned-up and corporate? Your cover letter should be written in a tone similar to that of the company’s copy. Obviously put a professional spin on it, but keep the company’s culture in mind.

4. Keep the focus on the company

Hiring managers assume that if you’re applying to a particular job, that must mean you really want that job. Thus, you don’t need to spend your entire cover letter reiterating how badly you want the job and how great the experience would be for you .

It’s okay to spend one or two sentences tops explaining your love for the company, but then it’s time to turn the tables.

The majority of your cover letter should be illustrating to a potential employer what hiring you would do for their company. Again, focus on the pain point: What talents and skills do you have that would help this organization tremendously?

5. Use your numbers

A big problem I’ve seen in lots of cover letters is that they tend to be very vague in describing any notable accomplishments or achievements.

For example, instead of saying that you have had “a great deal of success as an email marketer,” use your numbers: “I spearheaded an entire newsletter redesign that resulted in a 500% increase in our open rate, which proves…”

Numbers also add intrigue and leave hiring managers wanting to hear more!

Psst! This tip holds true for resumes! ( More here .) Adding numbers and statistics is a solid way to stand out!

6. Make your anecdotes short

While examples can make your cover letter super effective, many people make the mistake of including unnecessary or irrelevant information when using anecdotes that make them drag on and lose their umph .

My personal rule is to make any example or story no longer than three sentences so that you can avoid going overboard and wasting valuable space. Here’s how to break it down:

• Sentence 1: Introduce the skill you’re highlighting.
• Sentences 2: Explain the situation where you showed off this skill.
• Sentence 3: What was the end result? Explain what it did for the company and what it proves about your character.

7. Make your opening line memorable

If the big opener to your cover letter is “I’m applying for Position X at Company Y” or “My name is…” it’s time to press the backspace button. There are two things wrong with both of these phrases:

• They’re redundant, so you’re taking up precious space! A hiring manager is already going to know your name from your application as well as which position you’re applying for. No need to repeat it.
• They’re generic and unmemorable. Give your hiring manager something to get excited about or be intrigued by.

So, how can you start a cover letter with something that has a little more pizzazz? Try opening with a favorite short anecdote, a quote that best describes you as a professional, or your personal tagline.

8. Everything should relate to the job description

As you write (and then read through) every line of your cover letter, ask yourself: How does this sentence relate to the job description? If you find yourself going on tangents or including facts that don’t prove your ability to excel at the job or understand the company culture, take it out.

And if you need some help making sense of exactly what will prove you are qualified for the job at hand, check out these 10 Tips for Deciphering Tech Job Listings .

8 Tips for Putting the Finishing Touches on Your Cover Letter

1. Research whom to address your letter to

Scrap the “To Whom It May Concern” greeting and do some research to find out who will be reading your cover letter.

In some cases, employers will be super helpful and straight up tell you whom to address that cover letter to. If you aren’t so lucky, a quick Google search can help, or if you have a connection to a potential employer, have a professional contact ask around to see if they can get a name.

If all else fails and you really want to avoid the dreaded “To Whom It May Concern” line, feel free to shoot the company an email. I did this before when I was applying to a company that had a plethora of people on its editorial and HR teams and I had no idea who’d be hiring me.

Here’s the quick template I used:

I’m applying to [name of company]’s [name of job title] position, and I was having some trouble figuring out whom specifically to address the cover letter to. Is there a particular person or department I should direct it to?

Thanks so much for your time!

[Your name]

2. Be smart with hyperlinks

If you’re going to use hyperlinks in your cover letter, there are two important things to keep in mind. First, try not to include more than two or three links tops in a cover letter (like an online portfolio or personal website). All links should be relevant, and your cover letter shouldn’t be used as a dumping ground for everything you’ve ever created!

Second, make sure you add context to a hyperlink to both draw attention to it and to make the hiring manager understand that it’s worth his or her time to click on. For example, if you’re referencing a recent design project you did, add that said project can be found “in my online portfolio” and add a hyperlink.

3. Delete extra images, clipart, emoticons and emojis

This is a no-brainer: Regardless of how “chill” the company says it is, keep clipart, emoticons, emojis, cute pictures of your puppy, and any other images OUT of your cover letter!

Squeeze an emoji into a cover email if you’re SUPER confident it’s appropriate. Otherwise, steer clear.

4. Keep it short (like, really short)

I’ve seen dozens of cover letters in the past month, and the biggest issue across the board is that people make their cover letters way too long.

Here’s the general rule of thumb to follow: Your cover letter should be a single page (no more!) and around 300-350 words. If you’re writing a cover email, three to five sentences works (since you usually have attachments or links for a hiring manager to click on).

5. Keep your font professional (and normal)

True story: I once received a cover letter from a friend where he’d had kept his writing to one page—but it was in eight-point font. Yikes.

Your cover letter font size should be normal (aim for between 10-point and 12-point), and your font should be straightforward and professional. Favorites include Arial, Times New Roman, and Georgia. Just say no to Curly Q or Comic Sans.

Skillcrush: 8 Free Font Pairings You Have to See

6. Break up your paragraphs

Nothing provokes fear in people faster than a wall of text. Hiring managers get a visual of your physical cover letter before they ever read it, and if their first reaction is, “Oh god, it’s all one paragraph!” that’s not a good sign.

Instead, break up your cover letter into smaller paragraphs of three or four sentences each. It’s so much more aesthetically pleasing, and the person reading your cover letter will thank you.

7. Cut the vague professional jargon

As with in a resume, using phrases like “team player,” “self-motivated,” or “results driven” only makes your cover letter generic and unmemorable. Use more lively language, or better yet, use specific examples to prove your point.

8. Re-read your cover letter over (and over and over)

Editing is the most tedious but also the most necessary part of any cover letter writing you do. Start by printing your cover letter out and reading it aloud. I also recommend reading the cover letter starting with the last sentence and working your way up.

Another pro tip: Definitely get someone else to read your cover letter. In many cases, you might think your writing is pristine, but a friend will find at least a couple typos and point out some places where your wording is a little clunky.

Getting that perfect cover letter doesn’t have to be a time-consuming process. Use these tips and you’ll be snagging the job (and impressing potential employers with your savvy) in no time!

Skillcrush: The Ultimate Guide the Perfect Email Cover Letter

Lily is a writer, editor, and social media manager, as well as co-founder of The Prospect , the world’s largest student-run college access organization. She also serves in editorial capacities at The Muse, HelloFlo, and Her Campus. Recently, she was named one of Glamour’s Top 10 College Women for her work helping underserved youth get into college. You can follow Lily on Twitter at @lkherman

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3 Quick Tricks to Make Writing a "Conversational" Cover Letter Easy

Cover letter writing is challenging. For a lot of us, it’s really hard. It feels unnatural, unnecessary, and uncomfortable.

Cover letters can also be super confusing. What, even, are you supposed to say in a one? Do reviewers actually read the things? (Yes, we do.) And, an important question: Are you supposed to be all business, or is it OK to use a conversational tone?

I’m going to answer that last question right away: Heck, yes it’s OK. In fact, your best shot at making it strong, engaging, and memorable (ingredients you surely want in this thing) is going to be by making it captivating and conversational.

Always remember there are actual people at the receiving end of this game (unless, of course, you apply online and your materials first channel through an applicant tracking system). And people like to chat. They like to be drawn into the story. They like to be entertained. So why not share who you are, what you specialize in, and why they should stop in their tracks and pay attention to you in a way that sounds like a person wrote it, not a robot.

Have you been conditioned to believe that there’s one “right” way to do these things? Are you afraid that if you don’t speak in high-level business babble that they’ll discount your qualifications, or throw your application into the “no” pile? It’s just not going to happen if you do this in a way that’s relevant, tells them right away what you can walk through their doors and deliver (in that specific role), and holds their attention.

So, how do you pull it off? Here are three quick tricks that’ll help make the process feel more natural:

1. Write it Like You’d Say it

When people who know my professional brand ( JobJenny.com ) meet me in person for the first time, they often tell me, “Oh my gosh. You’re exactly like your voice on the website.”

This is very complimentary, and most definitely intentional. As a business owner, I work hard to make a serious topic (careers and job search) engaging, enjoyable, and—dare I say—fun. I achieve this in large part by writing just like I’d say it if we were face-to-face in a conversation.

Do that with your cover letter.

Heck, maybe even record your voice first, before you start fumbling around trying to put the words to paper. Based on what you know about this job and this organization’s needs, how would you describe who you are, and why you’re a good fit for this role? In addition, if you can think of any personal stories to share that’ll engage the reader and (at the same time) tie into the story about why you’d be a great fit? By all means.

It’s almost always easier to spill it out vocally—off the top of your head—first, and then fine-tune it on paper after you’ve got your “why you should hire me” speech down.

2. Make Your Lead a Story

Do you have any idea how many cover letters I’ve read that begin with “I am writing to express my interest in the [job title] position advertised on November 14, 2016, on The Muse” (or something equally formulaic and boring)? Probably a thousand or more. Why? Why do we do this? We do this because somewhere along the line, we’ve been led to believe this is “proper.”

But “proper” is very often also “boring,” or “meaningless,” or “just like every other application in the pile.” How about, instead, drawing the reader in right away by kicking off with a story?

Come again? That’s right. Consider leading with a brief example that spells out swiftly, and in a memorable way, why you’re interested in that organization—before heading into the “Here are the specific things I can do for you” section of the letter. (This second part is essential, too.)

How do you pull this off? Here’s an example. Say you’re applying to be a chef at a popular new restaurant. Perhaps your lead looks like this:

“As the son of a chemistry teacher, the kitchen always seemed to be where my family gathered … to watch whatever latest experiment my dad had up his sleeve. This was the room of the house that gave me the most comfort, the most joy and, frankly, the most entertainment. So captivated was I by the kitchen (and my dad’s fearlessness in mixing chemicals), that I decided to build my entire career around it.”

(And then you segue into precisely how your qualifications line up with this role.)

3. Have That Glass of Wine

This is a figure of speech, unless of course you are a wine drinker (in which case, I’m speaking quite literally). To be clear, I am not recklessly suggesting you toss back piles of alcohol in preparation for crafting your masterpiece. Instead, I’m strongly suggesting that you use whatever method you find most useful to get to that relaxed spot before you start toiling away at this thing.

Stress and tension may very well breed stress and tension in your tone. If you can create some space and release your paranoia about saying the wrong things, you’ll likely produce something that’s more conversational, more genuine to you, and more impactful.

Give yourself every possible advantage so that you can work in a relaxed state, and craft something that naturally flows from you. (Just be sure and edit the thing when you’re 100% sober.)

Job seekers seem to get so knotted up about cover letters. And, while they’re definitely not a piece of cake for a lot of people, they surely shouldn’t unravel you.

The more genuine, engaging and on-point you can be, the better.

Strive to be the one they can’t stop talking about, for all the right reasons. Do that, and you’ll be picking out your interview outfit in no time at all.

Photo of person writing courtesy of andresr/Getty Images.

We're aware of a global phishing scam impersonating employees via email, WhatsApp, and Telegram, but no PageGroup systems have been breached.  Find out how to protect yourself

What is an Effective Cover Letter Format?

Think of your cover letter as the profile picture of your resume. What kind of image do you want to project? What will grab the attention of your viewer? 

You probably want to showcase your best attributes: your beaming smile or a well-dressed appearance. This is the first introduction to your employer, so let’s make it count. 

The cover letter format should start with the basics, such as your name and general contact information. Then, add the company and position you are applying for and the hiring managers information (if that is available.) This leads with a professional and personalized touch. This is also where you can insert any social media links, like your LinkedIn, Twitter, portfolio, or reference websites. 

The Greeting

In today’s world, greetings can be very informal in many situations. Not on a cover letter. Think about the position you are applying for. Would a CEO candidate start with, “Hi, [insert name here]?” No, so let’s make this custom to your potential new employer. 

Again, if you know the hiring managers information, use it. If the position is corporate then use their last name (i.e., “Dear Mr./Mrs. Smith.”)  If the company culture is a little more laid back then you can start with, “Dear [insert first name only].” This adds to the personal formatting that is going to drive the reader’s attention. If you’re unsure or can’t find a name, that’s okay. Using, “Dear Hiring Manager,” or, “To Whom It May Concern,” is acceptable. 

The body of the cover letter format is an open door to what can be expected in the interview. Just like your profile picture, this will shape the potential employer’s first impression. Let’s put the light in your eyes to paper. 

Engage with your professional potential by telling a success story from your current or a previous job. Be sure to research company and job requirements and use those as focal points. (This is also a good way to know how to set the tone of your letter.) Highlight an obstacle that you overcame as it pertains to the job description. Do you want to talk about sales growth? Discuss where your department was when you started and how you help to grow it. Are you applying to a financial institution? Write about how your contributions limited risks and propelled the company forward. You’re in Human Resources? Describe a scenario that needed your expertise. Make this about you and your achievements. 

Keep it short and sweet though, as you want your message to be effective, not overindulgent. A good length is about 3-4 paragraphs. Make each one a different talking point. You can start with mentioning how good of a fit you are in the role based on the position’s needs. Then, go on to your professional anecdote and wrap it up with some goals that you can see yourself achieving for the company in the future. 

The Closing/ Postscript

The formality expressed at the start of your cover letter should also be reflected in the ending. If you are taking a more laid-back approach and dislike the tried-and-true, “Sincerely,” then look to other phrases such as, “Best Regards,” or even a simple, “Thank You.” A more formal sign-off can be similar to, “Thank you for your consideration,”’ or, “Respectfully.” This wraps up the entire tone of the letter, so keep it consistent. 

A surprising piece of flair to add to the end can also be a postscript. This is completely optional. If there is an added teaser of information you’d like to share or that would make the employer want to know more, this is where you can share it. An example would be mentioning how you’d like the opportunity to talk in more detail about a project that beat a yearly quota in your current role. 

Your cover letter format should be clean and hold a constant message. Wrap it all up with re-listing your important contact information under your signature/ closing (e-mail, LinkedIn, Twitter.) 

For more assistance with your job search, please browse our advice section or reach out to one of our expert recruitment consultants today.   

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How to write a great cover letter in 2024: tips and structure

A cover letter is a personalized letter that introduces you to a potential employer, highlights your qualifications, and explains why you're a strong fit for a specific job.

Hate or love them, these brief documents allow job seekers to make an impression and stand out from the pile of other applications. Penning a thoughtful cover letter shows the hiring team you care about earning the position.

Here’s everything you need to know about how to write a cover letter — and a great one, at that.

What is a cover letter and why does it matter?

A professional cover letter is a one-page document you submit alongside your CV or resume as part of a job application. Typically, they’re about half a page or around 150–300 words.

An effective cover letter doesn’t just rehash your CV; it’s your chance to highlight your proudest moments, explain why you want the job, and state plainly what you bring to the table.

Show the reviewer you’re likable, talented, and will add to the company’s culture . You can refer to previous jobs and other information from your CV, but only if it helps tell a story about you and your career choices .

What 3 things should you include in a cover letter?

A well-crafted cover letter can help you stand out to potential employers. To make your cover letter shine, here are three key elements to include:

1. Personalization

Address the hiring manager or recruiter by name whenever possible. If the job posting doesn't include a name, research to find out who will be reviewing applications. Personalizing your cover letter shows that you've taken the time to tailor your application to the specific company and role.

2. Highlight relevant achievements and skills

Emphasize your most relevant skills , experiences, and accomplishments that directly relate to the job you're applying for. Provide specific examples of how your skills have benefited previous employers and how they can contribute to the prospective employer's success. Use quantifiable achievements , such as improved efficiency, cost savings, or project success, to demonstrate your impact.

3. Show enthusiasm and fit

Express your enthusiasm for the company and the position you're applying for. Explain why you are interested in this role and believe you are a good fit for the organization. Mention how your values, goals, and skills align with the company's mission and culture. Demonstrating that you've done your research can make a significant impression.

What do hiring managers look for in a cover letter?

Employers look for several key elements in a cover letter. These include:

Employers want to see that your cover letter is specifically tailored to the position you are applying for. It should demonstrate how your skills, experiences, and qualifications align with the job requirements.

Clear and concise writing

A well-written cover letter is concise, easy to read, and error-free. Employers appreciate clear and effective communication skills , so make sure your cover letter showcases your ability to express yourself effectively.

Demonstrated knowledge of the company

Employers want to see that you are genuinely interested in their organization. Mention specific details about the company, such as recent achievements or projects, to show that you are enthusiastic about joining their team.

Achievements and accomplishments

Highlight your relevant achievements and accomplishments that demonstrate your qualifications for the position. Use specific examples to showcase your skills and show how they can benefit the employer.

Enthusiasm and motivation

Employers want to hire candidates who are excited about the opportunity and motivated to contribute to the company's success. Express your enthusiasm and passion for the role and explain why you are interested in working for the company.

Professionalism

A cover letter should be professional in tone and presentation. Use formal language, address the hiring manager appropriately, and follow standard business letter formatting.

How do you structure a cover letter?

A well-structured cover letter follows a specific format that makes it easy for the reader to understand your qualifications and enthusiasm for the position. Here's a typical structure for a cover letter:

Contact information

Include your name, address, phone number, and email address at the top of the letter. Place your contact information at the beginning so that it's easy for the employer to reach you.

Employer's contact information

Opening paragraph, middle paragraph(s), closing paragraph, complimentary close, additional contact information.

Repeat your contact information (name, phone number, and email) at the end of the letter, just in case the employer needs it for quick reference.

Remember to keep your cover letter concise and focused. It should typically be no more than one page in length. Proofread your letter carefully to ensure it is free from spelling and grammatical errors. Tailor each cover letter to the specific job application to make it as relevant and impactful as possible.

How to write a good cover letter (with examples)

The best letters are unique, tailored to the job description, and written in your voice — but that doesn’t mean you can’t use a job cover letter template.

Great cover letters contain the same basic elements and flow a certain way. Take a look at this cover letter structure for ref erence while you construct your own.

1. Add a header and contact information

While reading your cover letter, the recruiter shouldn’t have to look far to find who wrote it. Your document should include a basic heading with the following information:

• Pronouns (optional)
• Location (optional)
• Email address
• Phone number (optional)
• Relevant links, such as your LinkedIn profile , portfolio, or personal website (optional)

You can pull this information directly from your CV. Put it together, and it will look something like this:

Christopher Pike

San Francisco, California

[email protected]

Alternatively, if the posting asks you to submit your cover letter in the body of an email, you can include this information in your signature. For example:

Warm regards,

Catherine Janeway

Bloomington, Indiana

[email protected]

(555) 999 - 2222

2. Include a personal greeting

Always begin your cover letter by addressing the hiring manager — preferably by name. You can use the person’s first and last name. Make sure to include a relevant title, like Dr., Mr., or Ms. For example, “Dear Mr. John Doe.”

Avoid generic openings like “To whom it may concern,” “Dear sir or madam,” or “Dear hiring manager.” These introductions sound impersonal — like you’re copy-pasting cover letters — and can work against you in the hiring process.

Be careful, though. When using someone’s name, you don’t want to use the wrong title or accidentally misgender someone. If in doubt, using only their name is enough. You could also opt for a gender-neutral title, like Mx.

Make sure you’re addressing the right person in your letter — ideally, the person who’s making the final hiring decision. This isn’t always specified in the job posting, so you may have to do some research to learn the name of the hiring manager.

3. Draw them in with an opening story

The opening paragraph of your cover letter should hook the reader. You want it to be memorable, conversational, and extremely relevant to the job you’re pursuing. 

There’s no need for a personal introduction — you’ve already included your name in the heading. But you should make reference to the job you’re applying for. A simple “Thank you for considering my application for the role of [job title] at [company],” will suffice.

Then you can get into the “Why” of your job application. Drive home what makes this specific job and this company so appealing to you. Perhaps you’re a fan of their products, you’re passionate about their mission, or you love their brand voice. Whatever the case, this section is where you share your enthusiasm for the role.

Here’s an example opening paragraph. In this scenario, you’re applying for a digital marketing role at a bicycle company:

“Dear Mr. John Doe,

Thank you for considering my application for the role of Marketing Coordinator at Bits n’ Bikes.

My parents bought my first bike at one of your stores. I’ll never forget the freedom I felt when I learned to ride it. My father removed my training wheels, and my mom sent me barrelling down the street. You provide joy to families across the country — and I want to be part of that.”

4. Emphasize why you’re best for the job

Your next paragraphs should be focused on the role you’re applying to. Highlight your skill set and why you’re a good fit for the needs and expectations associated with the position. Hiring managers want to know what you’ll bring to the job, not just any role.

Start by studying the job description for hints. What problem are they trying to solve with this hire? What skills and qualifications do they mention first or more than once? These are indicators of what’s important to the hiring manager.

Search for details that match your experience and interests. For example, if you’re excited about a fast-paced job in public relations, you might look for these elements in a posting:

• They want someone who can write social media posts and blog content on tight deadlines
• They value collaboration and input from every team member
• They need a planner who can come up with strong PR strategies

Highlight how you fulfill these requirements:

“I’ve always been a strong writer. From blog posts to social media, my content pulls in readers and drives traffic to product pages. For example, when I worked at Bits n’ Bikes, I developed a strategic blog series about bike maintenance that increased our sales of spare parts and tools by 50% — we could see it in our web metrics.

Thanks to the input of all of our team members, including our bike mechanics, my content delivered results.”

5. End with a strong closing paragraph and sign off gracefully

Your closing paragraph is your final chance to hammer home your enthusiasm about the role and your unique ability to fill it. Reiterate the main points you explained in the body paragraphs and remind the reader of what you bring to the table.

You can also use the end of your letter to relay other important details, like whether you’re willing to relocate for the job.

When choosing a sign-off, opt for a phrase that sounds professional and genuine. Reliable options include “Sincerely” and “Kind regards.”

Here’s a strong closing statement for you to consider:

“I believe my enthusiasm, skills, and work experience as a PR professional will serve Bits n’ Bikes very well. I would love to meet to further discuss my value-add as your next Director of Public Relations. Thank you for your consideration. I hope we speak soon.

Tips to write a great cover letter that compliments your resume

When writing your own letter, try not to copy the example excerpts word-for-word. Instead, use this cover letter structure as a baseline to organize your ideas. Then, as you’re writing, use these extra cover letter tips to add your personal touch:

• Keep your cover letter different from your resume : Your cover letter should not duplicate the information on your resume. Instead, it should provide context and explanations for key points in your resume, emphasizing how your qualifications match the specific job you're applying for.
• Customize your cover letter . Tailor your cover letter for each job application. Address the specific needs of the company and the job posting, demonstrating that you've done your homework and understand their requirements.
• Show enthusiasm and fit . Express your enthusiasm for the company and position in the cover letter. Explain why you are interested in working for this company and how your values, goals, and skills align with their mission and culture.
• Use keywords . Incorporate keywords from the job description and industry terms in your cover letter. This can help your application pass through applicant tracking systems (ATS) and demonstrate that you're well-versed in the field.
• Keep it concise . Your cover letter should be succinct and to the point, typically no more than one page. Focus on the most compelling qualifications and experiences that directly support your application.
• Be professional . Maintain a professional tone and structure in your cover letter. Proofread it carefully to ensure there are no errors.
• Address any gaps or concerns . If there are gaps or concerns in your resume, such as employment gaps or a change in career direction, briefly address them in your cover letter. Explain any relevant circumstances and how they have shaped your qualifications and determination.
• Provide a call to action . Conclude your cover letter with a call to action, inviting the employer to contact you for further discussion. Mention that you've attached your resume for their reference.
• Follow the correct format . Use a standard cover letter format like the one above, including your contact information, a formal salutation, introductory and closing paragraphs, and your signature. Ensure that it complements your resume without redundancy.
• Pick the right voice and tone . Try to write like yourself, but adapt to the tone and voice of the company. Look at the job listing, company website, and social media posts. Do they sound fun and quirky, stoic and professional, or somewhere in-between? This guides your writing style.
• Tell your story . You’re an individual with unique expertise, motivators, and years of experience. Tie the pieces together with a great story. Introduce how you arrived at this point in your career, where you hope to go , and how this prospective company fits in your journey. You can also explain any career changes in your resume.
• Show, don’t tell . Anyone can say they’re a problem solver. Why should a recruiter take their word for it if they don’t back it up with examples? Instead of naming your skills, show them in action. Describe situations where you rose to the task, and quantify your success when you can.
• Be honest . Avoid highlighting skills you don’t have. This will backfire if they ask you about them in an interview. Instead, shift focus to the ways in which you stand out.
• Avoid clichés and bullet points . These are signs of lazy writing. Do your best to be original from the first paragraph to the final one. This highlights your individuality and demonstrates the care you put into the letter.
• Proofread . Always spellcheck your cover letter. Look for typos, grammatical errors, and proper flow. We suggest reading it out loud. If it sounds natural rolling off the tongue, it will read naturally as well.

Common cover letter writing FAQs

How long should a cover letter be.

A cover letter should generally be concise and to the point. It is recommended to keep it to one page or less, focusing on the most relevant information that highlights your qualifications and fits the job requirements.

Should I include personal information in a cover letter?

While it's important to introduce yourself and provide your contact information, avoid including personal details such as your age, marital status, or unrelated hobbies. Instead, focus on presenting your professional qualifications and aligning them with the job requirements.

Can I use the same cover letter for multiple job applications?

While it may be tempting to reuse a cover letter, it is best to tailor each cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. This allows you to highlight why you are a good fit for that particular role and show genuine interest in the company.

Do I need to address my cover letter to a specific person?

Whenever possible, it is advisable to address your cover letter to a specific person, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. If the job posting does not provide this information, try to research and find the appropriate contact. If all else fails, you can use a generic salutation such as "Dear Hiring Manager."

Should I include references in my cover letter?

It is generally not necessary to include references in your cover letter. Save this information for when the employer explicitly requests it. Instead, focus on showcasing your qualifications and achievements that make you a strong candidate for the position.

It’s time to start writing your stand-out cover letter

The hardest part of writing is getting started. 

Hopefully, our tips gave you some jumping-off points and confidence . But if you’re really stuck, looking at cover letter examples and resume templates will help you decide where to get started. 

There are numerous sample cover letters available online. Just remember that you’re a unique, well-rounded person, and your cover letter should reflect that. Using our structure, you can tell your story while highlighting your passion for the role. 

Doing your research, including strong examples of your skills, and being courteous is how to write a strong cover letter. Take a breath , flex your fingers, and get typing. Before you know it, your job search will lead to a job interview.

If you want more personalized guidance, a specialized career coach can help review, edit, and guide you through creating a great cover letter that sticks.

Understand Yourself Better:

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Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

3 cover letter examples to help you catch a hiring manager’s attention

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15 Short Cover Letter Samples [Examples + Templates]

3 key takeaways

• Step-by-step guide for writing the perfect short cover letter
• 15 samples of short cover letters for you to use
• How to use Teal’s AI Resume Builder to quickly and easily generate unique cover letters   

A short cover letter that’s customized for a specific position makes a great first impression, even when the hiring manager has limited time.

And for job postings that you're genuinely interested in, taking the time to craft a thoughtful cover letter is well worth it. It allows your unique voice and enthusiasm for the work to shine through. 

The article below explains how to create a brief cover letter that gets results and showcases some short cover letter samples you can use as inspiration throughout your job search.

Need a short cover letter? Try the Cover Letter Generator in Teal's AI Resume Builder to write custom letters for every unique application.

Why write a short cover letter?

Writing a short cover letter doesn't mean you're providing less value. It means you're placing a premium on clear and impactful communication, which, even by itself, underscores your professionalism. 

In fact, there are a lot of reasons why it might be beneficial to stick with a short, concise cover letter.

• Efficiency : Short cover letters save time for both you and the hiring manager, allowing for quicker evaluations.
• Relevance : A concise letter ensures that every word you write directly contributes to showcasing your qualifications and aligns with the job's requirements.
• Engagement : A brief, compelling letter is more likely to capture the attention of busy hiring professionals, increasing the chances of them reading it.
• Clarity : Shorter letters are inherently clearer and easier to follow, making it more straightforward for the reader to learn your key strengths and motivations.
• Respect for time : It demonstrates respect for the time constraints of hiring managers, conveying your understanding of busy schedules and time management. 

Short cover letter outline

In a concise cover letter, brevity is a strength. So, what parts of a cover letter should an abbreviated yet impactful document include?

I. Introduction

• Briefly introduce yourself.
• Mention the specific job position you're applying for.

II. Why you're a fit

• Highlight one to two key qualifications or experiences that align with the job requirement (try incorporating relevant keywords from the job description).

III. Passion and enthusiasm

• Express genuine interest in the role and the company. (This is a great place to weave in a specific company value or mission.)

IV. Value proposition

• Quickly mention what you can bring to the organization regarding skills, achievements, or potential contributions using keywords from the job description.

V. Closing statement

• Politely thank the reader for their time.
• Include a call to action, like "Please contact me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address] to discuss my application or schedule an interview.

VI. Signature

• Sign off with a professional closing, e.g., "Sincerely,"
• Include your name, email, and phone number.

3 key tips for writing a short cover letter

Now that you know what to include, here are some tips for writing a short cover letter.

Customize your cover letter for each job

Tailoring your cover letter to a specific job shows you have the experience, skills, and qualifications the company is looking for. Include keywords and focus on relevant experience to align closely with the job description, ensuring your application stands out as highly relevant and targeted.

Use bullet points to highlight your qualifications and achievements

If you find yourself staring at a wall of text, use bullet points to make your cover letter easier to skim. List key achievements (with results!) and qualifications directly related to the job.

Be clear and concise

Keep your cover letter brief and to the point. Avoid filler words and overly complex sentences. A clear, straightforward approach helps convey your message so key details stand out.

How to write a short cover letter

Different than writing a general cover letter (which tends to be significantly longer), writing a simple cover letter requires some steps that focus more on language and precision. 

Step 1: Research and prepare

Thoroughly research the company and job role to understand their specific needs and culture. 

These details will help you make your cover letter more personalized, which can set you apart from other candidates. If you can find the hiring manager’s name, address them directly and use it in your cover letter greeting. This shows potential employers that you care about the detail

Step 2: Identify key qualifications

Select one or two of your qualifications or experiences directly matching the job requirements. (Use keywords from the job description to align your skills.) 

Explain these briefly but with enough detail to illustrate your competence and how these experiences make you a great fit for the role.

Step 3: Prioritize recent relevance

Highlight only your recent career experiences relevant to the job. Avoid detailing every previous role, focusing only on what's applicable.

Step 4: Optimize Content Sections

Identify the most critical sections (e.g., qualifications, value proposition). Then, allocate space judiciously, emphasizing only the most impactful content that aligns with the role.

Step 5: Condense and simplify

Review your content for long phrases and unnecessary words. Aim to convey more with fewer words while maintaining clarity. (And do your best to use contractions whenever it makes sense. I.e., ”I’ll” rather than “I will” or “I’m” rather than “I'm.”)

For example:

Original: "I believe that I have the Python skills and 7 years of data experience that are relevant to this position." ‍ Improved: "I have the relevant Python skills and 7 years of data experience for this position."

Pro Tip: If you're looking to automate some of this process, let's say by writing your cover letter with ChatGPT or another AI program, copy and paste your content into the software, and prompt it to highlight any unnecessary filler words and phrases.

Step 6: Improve clarity and readability

Review your content for clarity and readability. Make sure your message is easy to understand and flows smoothly—avoiding ambiguity.

For example: 

Original: "I have experience working with diverse teams, which has given me valuable skills." ‍ Improved: "I've successfully collaborated with diverse teams on five major projects, resulting in a 20% increase in project efficiency." ‍ Best: "I collaborated with diverse teams on five projects, increasing project efficiency by 20%."

Step 7: Review, refine, and proofread

Carefully review your short cover letter for conciseness and relevance. Eliminate any additional words. Remember, every word should serve a purpose. 

Then, proofread it (and then proofread it again!). You can also opt to use a tool like Teal's AI Resume Builder with features like a cover letter builder with spell check, which can help you write, edit, and identify typos or grammar issues.

Use Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator

With Teal, you can generate a tailored, impactful cover letter in seconds. Just match your existing resume with a specific job description, and the AI Cover Letter Generator will write a personalized letter based on your career information and position details.

It can be a game-changer for your job application process. Try it yourself and see.

Remember, your cover letter is your chance to make a first impression. Take the time to make it count. With the right approach, the use of a cover letter checklist, and a little help from AI, you can create a cover letter that stands out for all the right reasons.

15 great short cover letter examples

Every person has different experiences and job stages, which means no two cover letters are built the same.

A short cover letter for an internship or for someone with no experience will be much different than a cover letter for someone at the senior or executive level.

Below are some short cover letter samples for a variety or roles and career stages. Use one of these short cover letter examples as inspiration for how to write a short cover letter and customize it based on your own experience.

Short cover letter samples

Short cover letter sample - sales.

Pro Tip:  See more short cover letter examples with these sales cover letter templates.

Short cover letter sample - customer service

Pro Tip:  Need more more short cover letter examples? Check out these customer service cover letter templates .

Short cover letter sample - creative jobs

Pro Tip:  See more examples in these creative role cover letter samples.

Short cover letter sample - hospitality

Pro Tip:  Need more short cover letter examples? Use these hospitality cover letter templates as a guide.

Short cover letter sample - administration

Pro Tip: See more short cover letter examples in these administration cover letter templates.

Short cover letter sample - human resources

Pro Tip : See more short cover letter examples in these human resources cover letter templates.

Short cover letter templates

Short cover letter sample - any job.

Dear [Hiring Manager], I'm excited to submit my application for the [Position] role at [Company Name]. As an experienced [title] with [X] years of experience, I'm confident that I have the [1-2 specific skills and qualifications from the job description] necessary to excel in this position. With [X] years of experience in [Industry], I've gained valuable transferable skills such as [Relevant Skills] that I believe will be an asset to your team. I'm confident that I can quickly adapt to this new role's demands and significantly contribute to your organization. Given my experience,  I'm eager to bring my expertise to your team at [Company Name]. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further. Warm Regards, [Your Name]

Pro Tip:  See more short cover letter examples, and learn how to write a general cover letter with a comprehensive guide and templates .

Short cover letter sample - entry-level position

Dear [Hiring Manager],  I'm excited to apply for the [Position] at [Company Name].  As a recent graduate with a degree in [Degree Field], I focused my studies on [Study Areas]. I also gained hands-on experience at [Type of Business], where I was responsible for [List 2-3 Responsibilities]. I'm confident my academic and work experience make me a strong candidate for this position.  I've demonstrated my skills in [Relevant Skills] with a [Quantifiable Achievement] in my last role. I'm also committed to delivering [Deliverable From Job Description]. I'm excited about the opportunity to work at [Company Name] and contribute to your team. Thank you for considering my application.  Sincerely, [Name]

‍ Pro Tip:  Check out another short cover letter example in this entry-level cover letter template.

Short cover letter sample - manager position

Pro Tip:  Want more short cover letter examples? Check out these project manager cover letter templates .

Short cover letter sample - leadership position

Dear [Hiring Manager],  With [X]+ years of experience in the [Industry], including [X] years in [Specialization], I was thrilled to see an opening for the [Job Title] at [Company Name].   In my previous roles, I've consistently increased profits by [Percentage]% YoY through [Skill 1], [Skill 2], and [Skill 3]. I'm passionate about leveraging [Skill 4] to inform decision-making and identify opportunities for growth—evidenced by my [Strategy] for a flagship product line that increased market share by [Percentage]%.  As a senior-level candidate, I'm eager to bring my leadership skills and expertise to a dynamic and innovative team. I'm committed to fostering a culture of collaboration and continuous learning, with an [Percentage]% employee retention rate, and I'm excited about the opportunity to contribute to growth and success at [Company Name].  Thank you for considering my application. Please reach out to me at [Contact Information] to discuss my qualifications further.  Sincerely,  [Name]

Pro Tip:  Want to more leadership-level short cover letter examples? Check out these director cover letter templates .

Short cover letter sample - internships

Dear [Hiring Manager],  I'm writing to express my interest in the [Internship Position] at [Organization Name].  As a college student majoring in [Major], I've developed a keen interest in [Field of Interest], and I'm excited about the prospect of contributing to [Brief Description of Organization's Mission].  In my [X]-hour practicum in my school's [Department Name], I [Achievement With Impact or Result]. I also [Achievement With Impact or Result]. My practical skills in [Skill 1], [Skill 2], and [Skill 3] make me an excellent candidate for this internship. I'm passionate about making a positive impact in the world, and I believe that [Organization Name] is the perfect place for me to start.  I'm eager to learn from your team and contribute my skills to [Specific Type of Efforts].  Thank you for considering my application. Please reach out to me at [Contact Information] if you'd like to discuss my qualifications further. Sincerely,  [Name]

Pro Tip:  See more examples and learn how to write a short cover letter for an internship.

Short cover letter sample - gaps in employment

Dear [Hiring Manager], I'm excited to submit my application for the [Position] role at [Company Name]. As an experienced [title] with [X] years of experience, I'm confident that I have the [1-2 specific skills and qualifications from the job description] necessary to excel in this position. During a recent break in employment, I took the opportunity to focus on personal development and enhancing my skills through [titles of relevant certifications, education, or training]. I'm confident that these experiences have improved my expertise in [1-2 specific keywords from the job description].  I'm eager to bring my passion and expertise to your team at [Company Name]. I'm committed to contributing my best work and collaborating with others to [specific outcome from the job description]. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further. Warm Regards, [Your Name]

‍ Pro Tip: See more short cover letter examples and learn how to explain gaps in your resume clearly and concisely.

Short cover letter sample - career transition

Dear [Hiring Manager], ‍ I’m excited to submit my application for the [Position] role at [Company Name]. As someone with a diverse background in [Previous industry/Field], I'm eager to pivot my career toward [New Industry/Field], and I believe that this position is the perfect opportunity to do so. ‍ Through my [Number of Years] of experience in [Previous Industry/Field], I've gained valuable transferable skills such as [Relevant Skills] that I believe will be an asset to your team. I'm confident that I can quickly adapt to the demands of this new role and make a significant contribution to your organization. ‍ I'm excited about the prospect of joining a company that values innovation and growth, and I'm eager to bring my unique perspective and skill set to your team. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further. ‍ Sincerely, ‍ [Your Name]

Pro Tip: Need to write short cover letter for a career pivot? Check out " How to Write a Career Change Cover Letter ."

Short cover letter sample - internal position

Dear [Hiring Manager], I'm writing to express my interest in the [Position] recently posted in our internal job board.  Having worked at [Company Name] for [X] years in the [Current Department], I have a thorough understanding of our company's operations and goals. During my time in [Current Department], I have [1-2 Major Accomplishments], which have directly contributed to [Impact and Results]. My familiarity with our internal systems, along with my achievements in [Specific Area], align perfectly with the requirements and responsibilities of the [Position]. I am excited about the opportunity to bring my unique expertise to the [New Department/Position], where I aim to further contribute to our company's success. I'm enthusiastic about the challenges of this new role and look forward to discussing this exciting opportunity with you. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to your feedback and hope to discuss my application in more detail. Warm regards, [Name]  [Department]

Pro Tip:  When applying for an internal position, showcase your progress and promotions on your resume to align what you've already done for the company with the needs of your next role.

Short cover letter sample - informal

Hi [Hiring Manager], I hope this message finds you well!  I'm writing to throw my hat in the ring for the [Position] role at [Company Name].  I've been following your team's work for a while now, and I'm really impressed by [something specific about the company or team]. A bit about me—I've spent the last [X] years working in [Industry/Field], where I've honed my skills in [Relevant Skill 1] and [Relevant Skill 2] to [Results and Impact]. I'm eager to bring that same energy and initiative to your team. I love the idea of contributing to [Company Goal or Project], and I think my background in [Industry/Field] would be a great fit. Plus, I'm ready to hit the ground running and make a positive impact right from the start. Thanks for considering my application. I'd love the chance to chat more about how I can contribute to your team.  Best, [Your Name]

Pro Tip:  While keeping your cover letter informal can showcase your personality, it's still important to balance friendliness with professionalism to make a great first impression. For more examples of how to strike the right tone, check out this collection of  cover letter examples . 

Need a short cover letter? Teal can help!

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With Teal, you can leverage AI technology to create a short, standout cover letter tailored just for you— and the specific jobs you’re applying to. 

Ready to take the next step in your career? Start building strong, memorable cover letters to land your next interview. build strong cover letters that land your dream job.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should a short cover letter be.

When it comes to the length of a short cover letter, less is more. 

Aim for brevity and clarity above all else. As a general guideline, a short cover letter should be between 100 and 200 words, or about half a page, single-spaced. 

This length is just enough to express your interest in the job, showcase your relevant skills, and leave the hiring manager eager to learn more about you from your resume. Remember, the goal is to be concise and impactful. You want to grab their attention and make a strong impression without overwhelming them with too much information.

When should I use a short cover letter?

Short cover letters are ideal in scenarios where you know the hiring process is fast-paced or the recruiter is dealing with a high volume of applications. 

Instances such as applying for a popular role or during peak hiring periods, like graduation season, are perfect examples. 

In these cases, a succinct and focused cover letter quickly highlights your key qualifications and showcases you as a candidate worthy of further exploration. A well-crafted, concise cover letter not only respects the hiring manager's time but also piques their interest in your potential fit for the role.

When shouldn’t I use a short cover letter?

While short cover letters can be highly effective, there are situations where a more comprehensive cover letter may be better. 

Positions that demand extensive experience, specific certifications, advanced educational qualifications, or complex skill sets often require a more detailed approach. 

In these cases, you'll want to devote enough space to discussing how your unique combination of skills, qualifications, and experiences makes you the ideal candidate. 

If the job description asks for a deep dive into certain competencies or a lengthy history of achievements, a longer cover letter can help you paint a comprehensive picture of your professional journey and precisely align your skills with the job requirements.

Kayte Grady

Related articles.

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What is a CV? (Examples & Templates for 2024)

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• Cover Letters

10+ Cover Letter Examples (+ Different Types & Formatting Guide)

Whether you’re looking to land your first job, changing careers, or simply exploring new job opportunities, writing a great cover letter might seem daunting at first. However, once you read this comprehensive guide and check out our superb cover letter examples, you’ll be well on your way to becoming an expert cover letter crafter.

Cover Letter Examples (By Career Situation and Seniority)

Our resume cover letter examples are just what you need if you’re going to learn how to write one for yourself. Keep in mind that all cover letters have a similar structure that you should follow:

• Contact Info –  Add your name, address, phone number, and email address.
• Greeting – Always start with a professional greeting that addresses the hiring manager by name.
• Introduction – Grab your reader’s attention with a first paragraph in which you introduce yourself and state your intention to apply for the open role.
• Body paragraphs – Write one or two paragraphs that highlight your professional experience, achievements, skills, and education.
• Closing paragraph – Insert your call to action and ask the hiring manager to invite you for an interview. Don’t forget to sign your name at the end.

With this information in mind, let’s check out some of the best cover letter examples!

Cover Letter Example 1: Returning to Work after a Job Gap/Relocation

Dear Mr. Hennessy,  My name is John Young, and I’m applying for a software engineering position at your company. I’m excited about your organization’s mission to change the world, and I’m passionate about your tech stack that includes Scala, Java, React, and Python, all languages I’ve used in the past. 

Recently, I took a year-long hiatus to aid my friend who launched a startup accelerator. During that time, I learned quite a bit about business strategy and going from zero to one hundred while working on a very limited budget. I’m confident that I can turn those skills into new products for your company. 

I’m prepared to get back into the game and restart my career as a software engineer in your beautiful city. I’m positive that I’m the perfect person to lead your middle-out engineering team. I would love to schedule a meeting and discuss this further. 

Our Take: The candidate starts by expressing his excitement about the company’s goals and then seamlessly proceeds to highlight the programming languages that he excels in. This way, he showcased that he is the right person for the job. He then explains that the job gap that appears in his resume was due to working on a personal project that has taught him some valuable new skills.

Cover Letter Example 2: Changing Careers

Dear Ms. Garcia,

Blending a formal background in marketing with proven success in retail sales and customer service roles, I am looking to transition into public relations and believe I would make a great fit for the advertised position of Public Relations Specialist at your company.

Having both used and sold your products, I am already well versed in your brand and both present and past years’ offerings. I have followed with excitement as you launched in European and Asian markets and incorporated an international feel into your product line. I would bring both passion and expertise to championing your company with the press and public.

I am already trained in creating buzz and awareness through social media channels including Twitter and Facebook. When my sales team decided to participate in Walk for a Cure three years ago, we used social media to heighten our sponsorship support and raised more than $20K for the event.

Confident my transferable skills make me a solid candidate for this opening, I respectfully submit my resume for your review and request a meeting to discuss the opportunity further. I will make myself available at your convenience and look forward to your call to arrange a time. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Our Take: This candidate leads off with a strong statement about her career change goal and her fit for the specific position at hand. She uses the rest of the letter to discuss her interest in the company and some of her key transferable skills/experience.

Cover Letter Example 3: New Graduate/Entry Level

Dear Ms. Morris:

I am writing in response to your listing in the Memphis Gazette for a nurse’s aide. Please accept my enclosed resume for consideration.

As a CPR-certified lifeguard and an LPN student at Memphis Community College, I have the formal training necessary for this position. Additionally, with two years of experience in retail sales, I have excellent customer service skills that can translate well to patient relations.

After you have reviewed my resume, I hope to meet with you to discuss how I can be beneficial to your team. I look forward to hearing from you to schedule an interview at your earliest convenience.

Our Take: Nice concise approach for an entry-level candidate. She doesn’t have years of nursing experience to point to, so she highlights her training and how her non-nursing work experience has also helped to prepare her.

Cover Letter Example 4: Professional

Dear Mr. Carter,

As an Accounts Payable & Receivable Specialist , I offer a proven ability to accurately process invoices, payments, reimbursements, and tax reports. I quickly learn and adapt to software changes and updates and help team members resolve issues and problems they are having with data input and processing.

Examples of my accomplishments include:

• Handled biweekly accounts payable processing of checks and ACH payments; reconciled payments made to accounts payable software and addressed any discrepancies that arose.
• Created a spreadsheet that listed bank and routing numbers to expedite the processing of expense reports.
• Uploaded and reconciled monthly phone bills for approximately 200 branches and 4 operational centers; total billing amounts were coded for various departments and branches as required.
• Confident I will prove valuable to your company, I respectfully submit my resume for your review. I would also like to request a personal meeting to discuss your upcoming goals and how I can help you achieve them. I will make myself available at your convenience and look forward to your call. Thank you for your consideration.

Our Take: For an experienced candidate, a bit more detail is expected. This candidate customized the bullet points to specifically communicate his experience with the position responsibilities listed in the job description.

Cover Letter Example 5: Manager

Dear Ms. Nguyen,

As a Human Resources Manager with a strong customer service background, I offer expertise in employee relations, benefits administration, and generalist duties. I have made significant contributions to succession planning and workforce engagement as well as ensuring compliance with employment and labor requirements.

I am also known for my ability to help identify and implement key technology and process improvements. I am well-versed in Six Sigma methods and have led projects which produced significant and sustainable savings. Other examples of my work include:

• Creates positive employee engagement for 2,000+ personnel at Company XYZ via proactive communications, prompt issue resolution, and fair/equitable treatment.
• Led Six Sigma project related to FMLA administration and online orientation programs for Lean Belt training.
• Proved instrumental in the deployment of an E-recruitment system that serviced a Fortune 200 company; defined policies, procedures, and communication planning for the project.

Confident I will make a positive impact on your organization, I respectfully submit my résumé for your review. I would also like to request a personal meeting to discuss your goals for this position and my potential contributions. I will be available at your convenience and look forward to your call to arrange a time. Thank you for your consideration.

Our Take: This cover letter highlights the applicant’s relevant accomplishments as a leader and manager. It goes beyond stating familiarity with the required job duties and emphasizes results in key projects. Remember that you don’t want to copy and paste your whole resume into the cover letter. Think about the key selling points that you want to feature prominently. The goal is to make them excited to learn more about you.

Cover Letter Example 6: Senior-Level Executive

Dear Mr. Jones,

As a Senior-Level Finance & Operations Executive , I offer proven success in maximizing productivity and improving profit margins. My work spans companies and business units at various stages of growth, including start-up, established, and turnaround settings.

Believing profitability requires strong revenue generation and cost controls, I monitor budgets and sales performance closely to identify areas for improvement. I am known for enhancing overall performance through technology upgrades, advanced employee training, and implementation of best practices.

Examples of my work include:

• Drove successful launch of start-up company by hiring a talent team, defining product development plans, and leading go-to-market strategies to achieve $35M+ revenue and 50% margins within two years.
• Managed daily operations of a $150M subsidiary that provided a complete suite of manufacturing solutions in the US and Canada; improved profit margins on overall product line by 10%.
• Proved vital to reorganization leadership that cumulated in a 10% productivity improvement in the sales and service organization and a 20% improvement in support organizations.

As CPA and MBA, I am confident I will prove valuable to your company and respectfully submit my resume for your review. I would also like to request a personal meeting to discuss your upcoming goals and how I can help you achieve them. I will make myself available at your convenience and look forward to your call. Thank you for your consideration.

Our Take: This cover letter nicely distills years of experience into a concise overview that really “sells” achievements most relevant to the specific advertised role. Each bullet presents a compelling high-level overview of a specific position, complete with impressive data points. It’s hard to be this concise when talking about a long career! However, a concise letter is always more effective — make the most exciting information jump out of the letter and grab the recruiter’s attention.

Cover Letter Examples (By Industry)

Teacher cover letter example.

Dear Principal Townson,

With five years of experience in teaching high school and a master’s degree in Chemistry, I believe I am an ideal candidate to fill the science teaching position you have open with the retirement of Stacy Jones. My teaching experience was at John Smith High School in Smallville where I taught all levels of Chemistry and helped host the science fair each year.

I keep up with all developments in teaching and chemistry by reading literature and attending conferences hosted by the American Association of High School Science Instructors. I have also volunteered my time at the community center, tutoring all levels of students in general sciences.

I look forward to working in this community and teaching at Rosewood High School. Please review my attached resume. I will be contacting you next week to schedule an interview. Thank you for your consideration.

Our Take: We love how this cover letter emphasizes the applicant’s relevant qualifications in the first line. This puts emphasis on her ability to do the job. Later, she briefly explains how she has kept current with industry developments and shows passion for her career by mentioning her volunteer work.

Nursing Cover Letter Example

Dear Dr. Manning,

Five years ago, I worked my first shift as an emergency room nurse and have never before left the workplace more fatigued and fulfilled. Today, I am proud to declare that I am still an ER nurse. I love this work partly because I flourish in a fast-paced environment. I also take great pleasure in the opportunity to care for patients every day and be there for their loved ones. This is not easy work, but I can’t see myself doing anything else which is why I am applying for the position of Emergency Room Nursing Lead. I believe that I can be a great asset to your team and that I have a proven track record when it comes to patient care as further shown in my attached resume. 

I have reviewed the qualifications required for this position. I am confident to say that I possess all the skills and experience needed. I have a BSN in nursing and have held a nursing license in good standing for over five years. I have experience working in emergency rooms at several large hospitals, and I fully understand all of the regulations that are in place. I also have the kind of team leadership that you need to ensure that even the busiest nights in the emergency room go as smoothly as possible. 

I would love to sit down with you and discuss my qualifications along with your needs when you are free. Meanwhile, please review the rest of my application package. There you will find all the information you need. 

Our Take: The candidate starts by stating her experience and expresses how difficult a nursing job can be. However, she then turns it around by stating that the rewards are worth the effort. We like her storytelling approach and how she highlights her passion for working with patients and transitions into why her abilities qualify her for the job.

Business Analyst Cover Letter Example

Dear Ms. Sousa,

I am applying for the advertised business analyst job at your company that was posted on your website. I am a data-driven critical thinker with excellent interpersonal skills who holds teamwork in high esteem but can also function independently. I am always searching for fresh ideas and solutions that I can bring to the table to increase the company’s efficiency. 

During my time at XYZ Group, Ltd., my previous employer, I developed and implemented a new program designed to drop needless business expenses. In just one year, the costs were reduced by 15%. Apart from project management, I spearheaded the collection and analytics of business processes and data toward creating more efficient business models. Thanks to my achievements, I was ranked as one of the best employees in the company and received recognition from top stakeholders.

I would be delighted to join your team because I believe that the experience, skills, and vast knowledge that I bring to the table could improve the company’s operational performance. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to speaking to you soon. 

Our Take: Adopting a confident tone in your cover letter is a good way of showing the hiring manager that you have the necessary skills and experience to shine at the job you’re applying to. It’s also great when candidates state their accomplishments and showcase the contributions they can make to a company if hired.

Cover Letters: Basic Rules to Follow

What is a cover letter and how do you write one? It can feel like a chore but it’s actually one of the surefire ways to get an actual job interview.

There are five simple rules to follow if you want to write cover letters that make hiring managers giddy with excitement before meeting you:

1. Your cover letter should be grammatically correct and error-free

Avoid making grammar and formatting mistakes to give your cover letter a professional appearance (regardless of the job you’re applying for). If you’re not a particularly good writer, use a tool such as Grammarly to clean up your text, or kindly ask someone to read and edit your document.

Hiring managers get turned off when noticing mistakes in your cover letter. It sends them the wrong message about your professionalism and attention to detail.

2. The maximum length of your printed cover letter should be one page

If an employer asks for a physical cover letter, make sure it’s only one page long. You’ll want to add essential information highlighting your professional experience and best personality traits. The letter should also be printed on high-quality paper just like your resume.

If you send your cover letter digitally, cut and paste it into the email and attach your resume. Make sure that the letter is easy to read with minimal scrolling. Get to the point and be succinct. 

3. The letter should include examples of your qualifications

You can write a cover letter in paragraph or bulleted formats, but either way, you should include examples of your achievements and credentials. While you want to be brief, you also want to encourage the reader to review your resume for greater detail. The best way to do that is to call out two or three things you have done professionally to catch their attention and make them want to know more about you.

4. Your letter should address a specific person

Whenever possible, do some research and learn a few things about the person who will be reading your cover letter. This is a minor detail and some hiring managers won’t care, but it can distinguish you from your competition all the same. More importantly, don’t send an obviously-generic letter that has not been customized for the company/position.

5. Your letter should end with a call to action

When you close your letter, be sure to ask for a meeting. It is obvious that you want an interview when you submit a cover letter and resume, but job hunting is usually helped along with a proactive approach. Therefore, at every point in the application process, you should seek to move along to the next stage of consideration.

Don’t miss the opportunity to encourage a meeting with the hiring manager when ending your letter. Also, be sure to thank them for their time and consideration.

Do You Need a Cover Letter?

Second chances to make good first impressions in the job search are scarce. Adding a great cover letter at the beginning of your resume gives you the opportunity to “wow” the hiring manager. It also helps you influence their opinion prior to meeting you. Remember that your resume cover letter will be reviewed by a real live person who will be deciding whether or not you are worth their time to interview. It makes the difference between your resume going to the “yes” pile rather than the “file for future opening” (or the real or digital garbage can).

Even though there are times when a recruiter or hiring manager will skip right over your cover letter and focus on the resume, other screeners won’t even look at your resume if the cover letter doesn’t get their attention. Why take a chance? Write a strong cover letter and you’ll know that you’re doing everything possible to get past the gatekeepers and score an interview.

There are plenty of resources on the internet that you can learn from. A simple Google search might take you a long way when looking for a job. But once you find one you really want, you start thinking that you’re not ready to go get it.

A strong cover letter can give you confidence in your application. Send one along with your resume and you’ll know that you might have already stirred a potential employer’s curiosity.

If you’re struggling with writing your cover letter, the samples that you’ve seen so far will supplement Big Interview ’s Resume Curriculum. Everything you need to know about writing persuasive resumes and cover letters can be found there including structure formatting, writing great summary statements, and meaningful ‘Thank You’ notes.

It’s really easy to use. Just log in to your Big Interview account, select ‘My Resume’, and press the ‘Watch Lessons’ button under Resume Curriculum.

You’ll then be taken to the lessons page where you’ll have access to some great advice like how to add high-value details to your letter, how to follow a job application’s requirements, and how to turn them into advantages.

Three Situations When a Good Resume Cover Letter is Critical

1. when you need to include information that should not go into the resume.

A resume is a formal business document with strict rules that must be followed. These rules include not writing in the first person or including personal information like your desire to relocate.

However, there are times when you need to communicate this type of information in order to make the case for your fit for the position.

​​ Example: Your cover letter can be used to communicate your intention to make a transition in your career or move to another city/state. Recruiters receive thousands of unqualified resumes for every position. They will look at your resume and cover letter and immediately trash them if they don’t see a fit — assuming that you are another one of those annoying applicants who applies for every job posted. This is always a challenge for career changers and individuals looking to relocate and a good cover letter can make a big difference.

Example: Your cover letter can also explain away other aspects of your particular career situation that might not be appropriate to include on your resume. For example, if you took some time away from the workforce, but have kept your skills and knowledge up-to-date.

In some job ads, the company will ask for specific information to be included in your cover letter. This technique is used to make screening easier – if someone can’t follow simple application directions, why waste time on an interview? Pay careful attention to the information they request and be sure to address it.

One problematic area is if they ask for salary requirements to be included in your cover letter. Companies make this request to help them rule out individuals with higher salary requirements than they have budgeted for the position, but it can also lock you into a lower pay range than they might offer you otherwise.

However, ignoring the request could disqualify you as well. Ergo, I suggest you research the average salary for the position you are applying to in the state of the opening and include a range slightly above and below that number .

2. When you want to reference a network connection

There is no right way to include in your resume, “Our mutual associate John Smith referred me to this role and says he thinks I will make a great fit for the job opening.” That is a reference line reserved solely for the opening paragraph of a cover letter. There are multiple ways you can mention a network connection or mutual friend in a cover letter, but such a statement has no place in a resume whatsoever.

Note: In professional resume writing, it has become passé to include a list of references on your resume or even the line “references available upon request.” Such information takes up valuable real estate on your resume (which should be 1-2 pages max) and it is best to focus on your achievements and qualifications instead. Besides, the hiring managers know you will give them references when they request them.

Rather than waste space on your resume, prepare a reference sheet with the same header as your resume and give it to the interviewer at the end of your meeting.

This sheet should include the first and last names of your references, their titles and company names, city and state, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses if possible.

You can even be proactive and have letters of recommendation ready to hand to the hiring manager at the end of your meeting, but don’t send them prior to that initial interview.

3. When you want to emphasize why you’re interested in the company

One way to distinguish yourself as a job candidate is to research the company you are interviewing with and talk about things you like or ask questions about the work they have coming up. This demonstrates your interest in their particular organization as opposed to them being just another job ad you responded to in your desperate attempt to find employment.

You can use your cover letter to show that you’ve done your homework and see a strong fit with the organization. Within the second or closing paragraphs of your cover letter, you can mention being interested in the specific work the company does, recent grants they have been awarded, a product they recently released, etc.

Again, this is not appropriate for inclusion on your resume, but adding it to your cover letter can help you stand out from the stack of applications the hiring manager is sorting through on the day your resume passes by him/her.

Cover Letter Format Examples

When choosing a cover letter format, consider what stage your job search is in and how you want hiring managers to perceive you. Cover letters are used for many different reasons and the proper format for each one varies.

The three main types of cover letters are the application cover letter, the prospecting cover letter, and the networking cover letter. You may also send cover letter emails which are an effective and increasingly common way to introduce your resume.

Let’s take an in-depth look at each type of cover letter and see exactly what sets them apart.

Application Cover Letter

This is the most common cover letter used alongside a resume during a job application. It’s geared toward a specific job, and it is designed to highlight the skills and specifications listed in the job posting.

The application cover letter is a vital instrument that gives you the ability to sell yourself as a job candidate. It rounds off your resume and expands on relevant parts of your work history and qualifications.

Application Cover Letter Example

Dear Ms. Osbourne,

I am writing this letter to express my interest in the graphic designer opening as advertised on your website. 

If hired, I believe I can begin making valuable contributions to the design team of your company from day one. I possess a wide range of abilities that combine fresh art and design principles. Furthermore, my knowledge of Adobe Creative Suite, HTML, and CSS will allow me to play a pivotal role in the implementation of your design initiatives. 

During my previous job, I led a team of six designers to develop and implement the graphic, layout, and production of communication materials while helping clients cut their costs by an average of 17%. I also oversaw the efficient use of production budgets running from $3,000 – $20,000 and developed a myriad of marketing programs including advertisements, presentations, infographics, newsletters, brochures, and logos that have improved client transactions by an average of 35%.

I look forward to discussing face to face how my skills and strengths can best serve your company. In the meantime, please review the enclosed resume and portfolio. Thank you for your time and consideration. 

Our Take: In the first paragraph , the candidate is quick to mention all the tools they employ to bring value to the company. They use the second paragraph as a canvas on which to paint all of their accomplishments and relevant experiences.

Prospecting Cover Letter

Prospecting cover letters are also known as letters of inquiry or cold call letters. They are useful if you’re looking to apply to a company that isn’t actively hiring or isn’t widely advertising. A prospecting cover letter shows your interest in learning about available positions while at the same time demonstrating eagerness and initiative.

If the company decides to expand its talent pool, sending a prospecting cover letter could put you at the top of the list of desirable candidates.

Prospecting Cover Letter Example

Dear Mr. Patel,

Your company recently came to my attention while reading a very interesting LinkedIn article about how you’re becoming innovators in the industry. I’d very much like to embark on this journey with you. I haven’t seen any open positions on your website, but I’d like to be considered for open positions in the future. I’m interested in pursuing a career in software engineering. The hybrid work model that your company employs couples well with my extensive remote experience. 

I have a bachelor’s degree in Software Engineering, and in the following months, I will obtain a certification from the Institute of Certification of Computing Professionals. In addition to my two years as a freelance software engineer, I also have four years of software engineering experience at a publicly traded corporation. 

Please review the resume I’ve attached which contains additional information on my skills and experience relevant to your company. I’d love to discuss any openings you may have coming in the near future. Thank you for taking the time to read this letter.  

Our Take: This candidate took the bull by the horns and went straight to knocking on the company’s door. Even if there is no open position, their chances will grow when a job becomes available.

Networking Cover Letter

Networking is a highly effective method of finding a job. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 70% of all jobs are found through networking. It can help you discover job opportunities that might not be advertised yet or it can provide you with a job opportunity that was previously non-existent.

Sending a networking cover letter during your job search is a good idea if you need help from a contact in your industry or career field to introduce you to a potential employer.

Networking Cover Letter Example

I hope this letter finds you well. I’m reaching out about possibly meeting to get some information from you as a top professional in our field. 

As you might remember from our time as co-workers at our previous company, I have always thrived when working in client-facing positions. I’m looking for a new career opportunity in that direction and I wanted to ask for your advice. 

As I’m aware of your experience and your vast area of expertise in working with job seekers on a more personal level, I feel confident that you are the right person to discuss this matter with. 

I know that it’s a busy period for you right now, but I’d appreciate it if you’d let me buy you a drink and pick your brain. I’d also value your thoughts on the matter via reply if we can’t meet. 

Our Take: This candidate knows that a networking cover letter has a casual tone. He uses an informal greeting but still sounds professional throughout. He makes sure to emphasize his former co-worker’s skills and success before asking for a casual meeting and some friendly advice.

Email Cover Letter

This simple, short, and professional cover letter is sent over email when a formal cover letter is not requested in a job posting. It does not follow a specific format but usually includes a greeting and a simple body of text explaining your experience and interest in the company. You should also include a closing with references to any attachments such as your resume, portfolio, samples, or any other necessary documents.

An email cover letter should be a maximum of two paragraphs long and the writing style should be casual but still professional. Remember to create a subject line that includes the position you’re applying for.

Email Cover Letter Example

Subject line: Following Up on Your Content Writer Job Posting on LinkedIn

Dear Mr. McClane, 

This letter is being submitted as an introduction. I am applying for the position of Content Writer with your company. I believe my verbal skills and writing style would be of great value to your team and I can guarantee that if hired I would offer original content with a quick turnaround time. 

I’ve been writing content for over six years and have contributed to several notable blogs in the IT, Finance, and Cryptocurrency industries which I’ve mentioned in my resume. I would like to continue my passionate journey toward advancing my writing career within your company. I am adept at writing SEO (search engine optimization) articles that convert efficiently which would suit your article marketing business model well. I also write highly engaging copy for social media campaigns as seen in my portfolio. 

I read in your job posting that you’d like a candidate who possesses in-depth knowledge of working with keyword research tools. I’m happy to say that I’ve been using Semrush successfully for the last four years. 

Please review my attached resume and portfolio. I’m looking forward to meeting you and discussing my writing skills and history in more detail. 

Our Take: The candidate keeps it short and sweet. They shed light on their relevant skills and then guide the hiring manager towards the resume and portfolio.

Cover Letter Examples – Bottom Line

Adding a cover letter to your resume is the best way to connect with a potential employer from the get-go. Hiring managers get a glimpse of your accomplishments and experience as soon as they open your email or letter.

By analyzing good resume cover letter examples, and understanding their purpose, it will become simpler for you to write one yourself.

Make sure to stick to the structure and include only the best things about your career. Also, remember that your cover letter should only include valuable information that does not repeat itself in your resume.

Stay fresh, always.

___________________________

Need a hand? There are 2 ways we can help you:

1. Learn how to turn more job interviews into job offers here . (Rated with 4.9/5 by 1,000,000 users) 2. Learn how to successfully negotiate a better salary. (Take a sneak peek of one lesson for free here )

Pamela Skillings

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How to Write a Cover Letter [Full Guide & Examples for 2024]

After weeks of heavy job searching, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume.

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send in your application and call it a day, you remember that you need to write a cover letter too.

So now, you’re stuck staring at a blank page, wondering where to start...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

We're going to cover:

What Is a Cover Letter?

• How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter, Step by Step
• 15+ Job-Winning Cover Letter Examples

Let’s get started.

A cover letter is a document that you submit as part of your job application, alongside your resume or CV.

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, it should be around 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter is supposed to impress the hiring manager and convince them you’re worth interviewing as a candidate.

So, how can your cover letter achieve this?

First of all, it should complement your resume, not copy it. Your cover letter is your chance to elaborate on important achievements, skills, or anything else that your resume doesn’t give you the space to cover. 

For example, if you have an employment gap on your resume, the cover letter is a great place to explain why it happened and how it helped you grow as a person. 

If this is your first time writing a cover letter, writing about yourself might seem complicated. But don’t worry—you don’t need to be super creative or even a good writer .

All you have to do is follow this tried and tested cover letter structure:

• Header. Add all the necessary contact information at the top of your cover letter.
• Formal greeting. Choose an appropriate way to greet your target audience.
• Introduction. Introduce yourself in the opening paragraph and explain your interest in the role.
• Body. Elaborate on why you’re the best candidate for the job and a good match for the company. Focus on “selling” your skills, achievements, and relevant professional experiences.
• Conclusion. Summarize your key points and wrap it up professionally.

Now, let’s take a look at an example of a cover letter that follows our structure perfectly:

New to cover letter writing? Give our cover letter video a watch before diving into the article!

When Should You Write a Cover Letter?

You should always include a cover letter in your job application, even if the hiring manager never reads it. Submitting a cover letter is as important as submitting a resume if you want to look like a serious candidate.

If the employer requests a cover letter as part of the screening process, not sending one is a huge red flag and will probably get your application tossed into the “no” pile immediately.

On the other hand, if the job advertisement doesn’t require a cover letter from the candidates, adding one shows you went the extra mile.

Putting in the effort to write a cover letter can set you apart from other candidates with similar professional experience and skills, and it could even sway the hiring manager to call you for an interview if you do it right.

Need to write a letter to help get you into a good school or volunteer program? Check out our guide to learn how to write a motivation letter !

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter

Now that you know what a cover letter is, it’s time to learn how to write one!

We’ll go through the process in detail, step by step.

#1. Choose the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, stylish template?

Just choose one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in no time!

As a bonus, our intuitive AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter as you write it. You’ll have the perfect cover letter done in minutes!

#2. Put Contact Information in the Header

As with a resume, it’s important to start your cover letter with your contact details at the top. These should be in your cover letter’s header, separated neatly from the bulk of your text.

Here, you want to include all the essential contact information , including:

• Full Name. Your first and last name should stand out at the top.
• Job Title. Match the professional title underneath your name to the exact job title of the position you’re applying for. Hiring managers often hire for several roles at once, so giving them this cue about what role you’re after helps things go smoother.
• Email Address. Always use a professional and easy-to-spell email address. Ideally, it should combine your first and last names.
• Phone Number. Add a number where the hiring manager can easily reach you.
• Location. Add your city and state/country, no need for more details.
• Relevant Links (optional). You can add links to websites or social media profiles that are relevant to your field. Examples include a LinkedIn profile , Github, or an online portfolio.

Then it’s time to add the recipient’s contact details, such as:

• Hiring Manager's Name. If you can find the name of the hiring manager, add it.
• Hiring Manager's Title. While there’s no harm in writing “hiring manager,” if they’re the head of the department, we recommend you use that title accordingly.
• Company Name. Make sure to write the name of the company you're applying to.
• Location. The city and state/country are usually enough information here, too.
• Date of Writing (Optional). You can include the date you wrote your cover letter for an extra professional touch.

#3. Address the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed all the contact information, it’s time to start writing the content of the cover letter.

The first thing you need to do here is to address your cover letter directly to the hiring manager.

In fact, you want to address the hiring manager personally .

Forget the old “Dear Sir or Madam” or the impersonal “To Whom It May Concern.” You want to give your future boss a good impression and show them that you did your research before sending in your application.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes something sticks with their generic approach

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager?

First, check the job ad. The hiring manager’s name might be listed somewhere in it.

If that doesn’t work, check the company’s LinkedIn page. You just need to look up the head of the relevant department you’re applying to, and you’re all set.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of Communication Specialist at Novorésumé. The hiring manager is probably the Head of Communications or the Chief Communications Officer.

Here’s what you should look for on LinkedIn:

And there you go! You have your hiring manager.

But let’s say you’re applying for a position as a server . In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager” or “food and beverage manager.”

If the results don’t come up with anything, try checking out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Make sure to address them as Mr. or Ms., followed by their last name. If you’re not sure about their gender or marital status, you can just stick to their full name, like so:

• Dear Mr. Kurtuy,
• Dear Andrei Kurtuy,

But what if you still can’t find the hiring manager’s name, no matter where you look?

No worries. You can direct your cover letter to the company, department, or team as a whole, or just skip the hiring manager’s name.

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear [Department] Team
• Dear [Company Name]

Are you applying for a research position? Learn how to write an academic personal statement .

#4. Write an Eye-Catching Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Hiring managers get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph.

The biggest problem with most opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Here’s an example:

• My name is Jonathan, and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a Sales Manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

And do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start with some of your top achievements to grab the reader’s attention. And to get the point across, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

Your opening paragraph should also show the hiring manager a bit about why you want this specific job. For example, mention how the job relates to your plans for the future or how it can help you grow professionally. This will show the hiring manager that you’re not just applying left and right—you’re actually enthusiastic about getting this particular role.

Now, let’s make our previous example shine:

Dear Mr. Smith,

My name’s Michael, and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed its sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked as a Sales Representative with Company X, another fin-tech company , for 3+ years, where I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month and beat the KPIs by around 40%. I believe that my previous industry experience, passion for finance , and excellence in sales make me the right candidate for the job.

The second candidate starts with what they can do for the company in the future and immediately lists an impressive and relevant achievement. Since they’re experienced in the same industry and interested in finance, the hiring manager can see they’re not just a random applicant.

From this introduction, it’s safe to say that the hiring manager would read the rest of this candidate’s cover letter.

#5. Use the Cover Letter Body for Details

The next part of your cover letter is where you can go into detail about what sets you apart as a qualified candidate for the job.

The main thing you need to remember here is that you shouldn’t make it all about yourself . Your cover letter is supposed to show the hiring manager how you relate to the job and the company you’re applying to.

No matter how cool you make yourself sound in your cover letter, if you don’t tailor it to match what the hiring manager is looking for, you’re not getting an interview.

To get this right, use the job ad as a reference when writing your cover letter. Make sure to highlight skills and achievements that match the job requirements, and you’re good to go.

Since this part of your cover letter is by far the longest, you should split it into at least two paragraphs.

Here’s what each paragraph should cover:

Explain Why You’re the Perfect Candidate for the Role

Before you can show the hiring manager that you’re exactly what they’ve been looking for, you need to know what it is they’re looking for.

Start by doing a bit of research. Learn what the most important skills and responsibilities of the role are according to the job ad, and focus on any relevant experience you have that matches them.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. The top requirements on the job ad are:

• Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
• Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
• Excellent copywriting skills

So, in the body of your cover letter, you need to show how you meet these requirements. Here’s an example of what that can look like:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $40,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation and management process end-to-end. I created the ad copy and images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

• Google Search

Our example addresses all the necessary requirements and shows off the candidate’s relevant skills.

Are you a student applying for your first internship? Learn how to write an internship cover letter with our dedicated guide.

Explain Why You’re a Good Fit for the Company

As skilled and experienced as you may be, that’s not all the hiring manager is looking for.

They also want someone who’s a good fit for their company and who actually wants to work there.

Employees who don’t fit in with the company culture are likely to quit sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary , so hiring managers vet candidates very carefully to avoid this scenario.

So, you have to convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about working with them.

Start by doing some research about the company. You want to know things like:

• What’s the company’s business model?
• What’s the company’s product or service? Have you used it?
• What’s the company’s culture like?

Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or on job-search websites like Jobscan or Glassdoor.

Then, pick your favorite thing about the company and talk about it in your cover letter.

But don’t just describe the company in its own words just to flatter them. Be super specific—the hiring manager can see through any fluff.

For example, if you’re passionate about their product and you like the company’s culture of innovation and independent work model, you can write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features, such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2, were real game changers for the device.

I really admire how Company XYZ strives for excellence in all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone who thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I’ll be a great match for your Product Design team.

So, make sure to do your fair share of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying to that specific company.

Is the company you want to work for not hiring at the moment? Check out our guide to writing a letter of interest .

#6. Wrap It Up and Sign It

Finally, it’s time to conclude your cover letter.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

• Wrap up any points you couldn't make in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? If there’s any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision, mention it here. If not, just recap your key selling points so far, such as key skills and expertise.
• Express gratitude. Politely thanking the hiring manager for their time is always a good idea.
• Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. This means you should ask the hiring manager to do something, like call you and discuss your application or arrange an interview.
• Remember to sign your cover letter. Just add a formal closing line and sign your name at the bottom.

Here’s an example of how to end your cover letter :

I hope to help Company X make the most of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your Facebook marketing goals. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me at the provided email address or phone number so that we may arrange an interview.

Thank you for your consideration,

Alice Richards

Feel free to use one of these other popular closing lines for your cover letter:

• Best Regards,
• Kind Regards,

Cover Letter Writing Checklist

Once you’re done with your cover letter, it’s time to check if it meets all industry requirements. 

Give our handy cover letter writing checklist a look to make sure:

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

• Professional Email
• Phone Number
• Relevant Links

Do you address the right person? 

• The hiring manager in the company
• Your future direct supervisor
• The company/department in general

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

• Did you mention some of your top achievements?
• Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?
• Did you convey enthusiasm for the specific role?

Do you show that you’re the right candidate for the job?

• Did you identify the core requirements for the role?
• Did you show how your experiences helped you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

• Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
• Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you conclude your cover letter properly?

• Did you recap your key selling points in the conclusion?
• Did you end your cover letter with a call to action?
• Did you use the right formal closing line and sign your name?

15 Cover Letter Tips

Now you’re all set to write your cover letter! 

Before you start typing, here are some cover letter tips to help take your cover letter to the next level:

• Customize Your Cover Letter for Each Job. Make sure your cover letter is tailored to the job you're applying for. This shows you're not just sending generic applications left and right, and it tells the hiring manager you’re the right person for the job.
• Showcase Your Skills. Talk about how your skills meet the company’s needs. And while your hard skills should be front and center, you shouldn’t underestimate your soft skills in your cover letter either.
• Avoid Fluff. Don’t make any generic statements you can’t back up. The hiring manager can tell when you’re just throwing words around, and it doesn’t make your cover letter look good.
• Use Specific Examples. Instead of saying you're great at something, give an actual example to back up your claim. Any data you can provide makes you sound more credible, so quantify your achievements. For example, give numbers such as percentages related to your performance and the timeframe it took to accomplish certain achievements.
• Research the Company. Always take time to learn about the company you're applying to. Make sure to mention something about them in your cover letter to show the hiring manager that you're interested.
• Follow the Application Instructions. If the job posting asks for something specific in your cover letter or requires a certain format, make sure you include it. Not following instructions can come off as unattentive or signal to the hiring manager that you’re not taking the job seriously.
• Use the Right Template and Format. Choose the right cover letter format and adapt your cover letter’s look to the industry you’re applying for. For example, if you’re aiming for a job in Law or Finance, you should go for a cleaner, more professional look. But if you’re applying for a field that values innovation, like IT or Design, you have more room for creativity.
• Express Your Enthusiasm. Let the hiring manager know why you're excited about the job. Your passion for the specific role or the field in general can be a big selling point, and show them that you’re genuinely interested, not just applying left and right.
• Address Any Gaps. If there are any employment gaps in your resume , your cover letter is a great place to mention why. Your resume doesn’t give you enough space to elaborate on an employment gap, so addressing it here can set hiring managers at ease—life happens, and employers understand.
• Avoid Quirky Emails. Your email address should be presentable. It’s hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Just use a [email protected] format.
• Check Your Contact Information. Typos in your email address or phone number can mean a missed opportunity. Double-check these before sending your application.
• Mention if You Want to Relocate. If you’re looking for a job that lets you move somewhere else, specify this in your cover letter.
• Keep It Brief. You want to keep your cover letter short and sweet. Hiring managers don’t have time to read a novel, so if you go over one page, they simply won’t read it at all.
• Use a Professional Tone. Even though a conversational tone isn’t a bad thing, remember that it's still a formal document. Show professionalism in your cover letter by keeping slang, jargon, and emojis out of it.
• Proofread Carefully. Typos and grammar mistakes are a huge deal-breaker. Use a tool like Grammarly or QuillBot to double-check your spelling and grammar, or even get a friend to check it for you.

15+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Check out some perfect cover letter examples for different experience levels and various professions.

5+ Cover Letter Examples by Experience

#1. college student cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#2. Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a project manager cover letter here.

#3. Team Leader Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#4. Career Change Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to a career change resume and cover letter here.

#5. Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a management cover letter here.

#6. Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an executive resume here.

9+ Cover Letter Examples by Profession

#1. it cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

#2. Consultant Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#3. Human Resources Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a human resources cover letter here.

#4. Business Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business cover letter here.

#5. Sales Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a sales cover letter here.

#6. Social Worker Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a social worker cover letter here.

#7. Lawyer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a lawyer cover letter here.

#8. Administrative Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an administrative assistant cover letter here.

#9. Engineering Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineer cover letter here.

#10. Receptionist Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a receptionist cover letter here.

Need more inspiration? Check out these cover letter examples to learn what makes them stand out.

Plug & Play Cover Letter Template

Not sure how to start your cover letter? Don’t worry!

Just copy and paste our free cover letter template into the cover letter builder, and swap out the blanks for your details.

[Your Full Name]

[Your Profession]

[Your Phone Number]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Location]

[Your LinkedIn Profile URL (optional)]

[Your Personal Website URL (optional)]

[Recipient's Name, e.g., Jane Doe],

[Recipient's Position, e.g., Hiring Manager]

[Company Name, e.g., ABC Corporation]

[Company Address]

[City, State/Country]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

As a seasoned [Your Profession] with [Number of Years of Experience] years of industry experience, I am eager to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. With my experience in [Your Industry/Sector] and the successes I've achieved throughout my education and career, I believe I can bring unique value and creativity to your team.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I've taken the lead on more than [Number of Projects/Assignments] projects, some valued up to $[Highest Project Value]. I pride myself on consistently exceeding client expectations and have successfully [Mention a Key Achievement] in just a [Amount of Time] through [Skill] and [Skill].

I've collaborated with various professionals, such as [List Roles], ensuring that all [projects/tasks] meet [relevant standards or objectives]. This hands-on experience, coupled with my dedication to understanding each [client's/customer's] vision, has equipped me to navigate and deliver on complex projects.

My key strengths include:

• Improving [Achievement] by [%] over [Amount of Time] which resulted in [Quantified Result].
• Optimizing [Work Process/Responsibility] which saved [Previous Employer] [Amount of Time/Budget/Other Metric] over [Weeks/Months/Years]
• Spearheading team of [Number of People] to [Task] and achieving [Quantified Result].

Alongside this letter, I've attached my resume. My educational background, a [Your Degree] with a concentration in [Your Specialization], complements the practical skills that I'm particularly eager to share with [Company Name].

I'm excited about the possibility of contributing to [Something Notable About the Company or Its Mission]. I'd be grateful for the chance to delve deeper into how my expertise aligns with your needs.

Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

The Heart of Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application falls through.

After all, your cover letter is meant to complement your resume. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression in your cover letter, only for the hiring manager to never read it because your resume was mediocre.

But don’t worry; we’ve got you covered here, too.

Check out our dedicated guide on how to make a resume and learn everything you need to know to land your dream job!

Just pick one of our resume templates and start writing your own job-winning resume.

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

• A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you’re the best candidate for the job.
• Your job application should always include a cover letter alongside your resume.
• To grab the hiring manager’s attention, write a strong opening paragraph. Mention who you are, why you’re applying, and a standout achievement to pique their interest.
• Your cover letter should focus on why you’re the perfect candidate for the job and why you’re passionate about working in this specific company.
• Use the body of your cover letter to provide details on your skills, achievements, and qualifications, as well as make sure to convey your enthusiasm throughout your whole cover letter.
• Recap your key selling points towards the end of your cover letter, and end it with a formal closing line and your full name signed underneath.

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve every step of the way! 

Follow our career blog for more valuable advice, or check out some of our top guides, such as:

• How to Make a Resume in 2024 | Beginner's Guide
• How to Write a CV (Curriculum Vitae) in 2024 [31+ Examples]
• 35+ Job Interview Questions and Answers [Full List]

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Make your cover letter interesting. Hiring managers are people too.

I've seen a lot of talk about cover letters: whether or not to include one, what it should say, etc. As someone who's had to read a billion boring cover letters, I appreciate when someone makes their cover more conversational. Here's a cover letter I recently submitted that landed me an excellent job offer. Not only that, but it was a great conversation piece in the interview. Make your cover letter interesting and unique and it might help give you the edge.

Dear [Company] Hiring Manager,

I’m sure you have loads of resumes and cover letters to sift through so I’ll keep this brief. I saw your posting on [job site] looking for [job title] and I’d like to throw my hat in the ring.

I’m an account executive. A good one.

I’m sure lots of candidates tell you that – and I have also uploaded my resume which shows my extensive agency experience in areas like tourism, manufacturing and healthcare. But we both know the real trick is to find just the right personality fit; just the right person to service your client. Hopefully that’s me.

I’m bright, motivated, creative, intelligent and outspoken in a no-holds-barred-but-you-still-like-me kind of way. I’m one of the few people who still values integrity, honesty and character. I can treat a client to a nice dinner, hold a thoughtful conversation and close a deal, then go home and tweet, Facebook and post on Reddit about the latest Tigers score. I know what SMH, FTA and MT mean, and how to dance to Gangnam Style.

So. There it is.

I’d love to hear about your agency culture, the clients who need an account person, and the amazing work being produced by [Company name]. If you think I might be a fit, let’s talk more.

If not, I wish you all the best in finding the right match for your agency and clients.

John/Joan Q. Jobseeker

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6 Ways to Improve Your Microsoft Word Formatting

If your pc won't run windows 11, here are 5 great linux operating systems to try instead, you can build a simple to-do list app in python, here's how, quick links, creating address labels for your wedding invitations and christmas cards, writing individualized reports, writing job application cover letters, designing certificates.

Mail merging in Microsoft Word is well known for letting you create and send personalized versions of the same email to lots of people in one go. However, the tool also has some practical everyday uses that could make your home and work life a lot easier.

In short, mail merge lets you create a document in Microsoft Word that you can personalize with individualized details , such as people's names. There are two ways to do this—you can create the list of personalized variables within Microsoft Word's mail merge feature itself, or you can create the list in another program, such as Excel, and then import the details from that list into Word.

In this article, we will show you how to use mail merge in Microsoft Word alongside Microsoft Excel, since creating comprehensive lists and databases in Excel is easier to do and manage.

Mail merge is currently not available in Word for the web—you will need to subscribe to Microsoft 365 and use the Microsoft Word desktop app to use this tool.

While enjoyable, sending wedding invitations or Christmas cards can take time, and it's easy to make mistakes, especially if you're writing the addresses on the envelopes by hand. This is why you should use Microsoft Word instead. When you're done, you can either print the names and addresses onto label paper, or use normal paper and glue, before cutting out the individual labels to stick to your envelopes.

Start in Excel by creating your list of names and addresses. Make sure you put each line of each person's name and address into separate columns, and use headings across row 1. Also, ensure that you populate all cells, as leaving blanks will cause issues with your mail merge down the line.

Then, press F12 to name and save your document in a memorable place on your computer.

Now, open a blank Word document, and click Mailings > Start Mail Merge > Labels.

To save paper, scroll down to and select "30 Per Page," and click "OK."

Turning on the Show/Hide (¶) option in the Home tab will help you see the layout and positioning of the labels you have just created.

The next step is to import the address list that you created in Excel. To do this, with the Mailings tab still open, click Select Recipients > Use An Existing List.

Use the Select Data Source window that opens to locate the Excel file containing the names and addresses, and click "Open." In the Select Table dialog box, check the checkbox that tells Word that you've used headings in your Excel table, and then click "OK".

Word is now ready to pull the data across from Excel.

Click "Insert Merge Field," and see that the headings you created in Excel are listed in the drop-down. Start by clicking the item you want to appear on the first line of the address label ("Name"), and then press Enter. Repeat the process for each line of the address label, making sure you press Enter between each one.

If the text runs over the space provided for the labels, increase the label sizes by clicking and dragging the bottom of the label row downwards, then remove any labels that move to the next page .

When you have inserted all merge fields, click "Update Labels." This will apply the merge fields you just added to each of the labels in your document.

Now, click "Preview Results" to check you're happy with how your labels look.

To complete the process, click Finish And Merge > Print Documents.

If you want to make changes to individual addresses, click Finish And Merge > Edit Individual Documents. This will open the labels in a new document, where you can make changes without affecting the other entries.

Then, ensure "All" is selected, and click "OK" to print.

Finally, cut up your labels and stick them onto your envelopes!

While the example we're going to use will be for teachers writing school reports, the same process can be used in many different roles and professions, such as surveying, assessing, managing, and reviewing.

In a Word document, type the foundation of the report, using "[NAME]" where a person's name will go, and "__" wherever an individualized part needs to be added.

Then, copy each sentence into a cell across row 1 of an Excel sheet, making sure you add a "Name" column at the start.

Then, fill in the gaps under each column for each report you want to generate, before pressing F12 to name and save the spreadsheet in a memorable location.

Now, return to your Word document. In the Mailings tab, click Select Recipients > Use An Existing List.

In the Select Data Source window that opens, locate the Excel sheet containing the report details, and click "Open." Then, in the Select Table dialog box, check the checkbox that tells Word that you've used headings in your Excel table, and click "OK".

Now, select the areas where you used [NAME] or inserted blanks in your Word document, click "Insert Merge Field," and choose the appropriate field via the "Insert Merge Field" drop-down to add it to the sentence.

After you have assigned all the fields from Excel, click "Preview Results" to see the first report. You can also use the arrows to flick through all the reports if you wish.

Finally, click "Finish and Merge," which gives you the option to review and amend the documents individually, or print the reports you generated.

It can be frustrating to regurgitate the same information in various cover letters for the many jobs you might apply for. After all, the skills you have can be applied to many different roles. This is where mail merge comes into play.

Across row 1 in a blank Excel worksheet, type the different skill categories you fall into.

In row 2, underneath each skill, write a few sentences demonstrating your possession of that skill. These sentences will ultimately be exported into your cover letter, so make sure you write them with this in mind.

Once you have finished detailing your skills, press F12 to name and save the workbook. You can go back in and add to or amend the details in this sheet at any time.

Next, when you've found a job you want to apply for , open a new Microsoft Word document, and type the opening and ending of your cover letter. Then, in the Mailings tab, click Select Recipients > Use An Existing List.

In the Select Data Source window that opens, locate the Excel sheet containing your skills, and click "Open." Then, in the Select Table dialog box, check the checkbox that tells Word that you've used headings in your Excel table, and click "OK".

Then, click "Insert Merge Field," and choose the job skill that you detailed in your Excel spreadsheet.

You will then see a placeholder indicating that the text will appear in that position when you complete the mail merge.

When you have added all your skills, click "Preview Results" to check that you are happy with the structure and order of your paragraphs. If not, you can select and reorder your text.

Inevitably, you will want to amend the wording here and there to ensure that the letter is coherent. Using the mail merge technique described in this article forms the basis of your cover letter, but you should always check it through to ensure it runs smoothly. To make changes, click "Finish And Merge," and select "Edit Individual Documents." After you click "OK," your completed cover letter will open in a new document, which you can then amend and save as necessary.

Whether you run a local football team or a kids' activity center, you might want to create certificates for your participants.

First, create your list in Excel, including things like the recipients' names, scores, standards, and whatever other individualized details you want to include. Then, press F12 to name and save these details.

Next, design your certificate in Microsoft Word. If you prefer, you can use a template by clicking File > Home > More Templates.

Now, in the Mailings tab, click Select Recipients > Use An Existing List.

Locate the recipients' details that you created in Excel, click "Open", check "First Row Of Data Contains Column Headers," and click "OK."

Then, click "Insert Merge Field" to add the fields from your Excel sheet to your Word document where appropriate.

Before you finalize your certificates, click "Preview Results" to check that everything looks as it should, and then click Finish And Merge > Print Documents.

Now that you have some ideas for using mail merge for everyday tasks, check out some of our other little-known Microsoft Word tips .

• Microsoft Word
• Microsoft Excel

Graduate Student Instructor - SI 650 Fall 2024

How to apply.

Please indicate your interest by submitting a cover letter and resume electronically using the umjobs.org website. Below are some instructions to help you through this application process. 1.       Go to http://www.umjobs.org 2.       Click on "Login"  (upper right corner).  Use your umich uniqname and password. 3.       Click on "U-M Graduate Student on the Ann Arbor campus" identifying yourself as a UM Graduate Student (fourth option) 4.       Click in the "Search for Jobs" box at the top of the page 5.       Enter the Job Opening ID # 252873 6.       You are now in the standard application. Answer all questions and proceed through the application process as prompted.  Upload your application as one document (preferably a Word or PDF document) including your cover letter with information on availability, your resume, and any teaching evaluations* 7.       Click "Submit" when you are finished.

*Having trouble uploading your document?  The most common cause of upload and display issues can be attributed to an unsupported operating system or internet browser. Internet Explorer is the browser of choice when using the site, however, if one browser doesn't seem to be working properly, switch to a different browser and/or clear your cache and cookies. Double check your document type. The system accepts resumes/cover letters created in a .DOC, .DOCX, .PDF, .TXT .HTML or .RTF. Uploading your resume/cover letter as a Microsoft Word document is the recommended format. File names are limited to 35 characters or less and cannot contain punctuation marks or special characters. The University will not discriminate against any applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, marital status, familial status, parental status or pregnancy status, sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, height, weight, disability, citizenship status, veteran status, HIV antibody status, political belief, membership in any social or political organization, participation in a grievance or complaint whether formal or informal, or any other factor where the item in question will not interfere with job performance and where the employee is otherwise qualified. The University of Michigan agrees to abide by the protections afforded employees with disabilities as outlined in the rules and regulations which implement Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Unsuccessful applications will be retained for consideration in the event that there are last minute openings for available positions. Upon request, any applicant denied employment will receive, within fourteen (14) calendar days, a written explanation of the reasons for denial of employment, and/or an in-person interview with the hiring agent(s) to be scheduled at a mutually agreed upon time. In the event an Employee does not receive his or her preferred assignment, he or she can request a written explanation or an in-person interview with the hiring agent(s) to be scheduled at a mutually agreed upon time.

Standard Practice Guide 601.38, Required Disclosure of Felony Charges and/or Felony Convictions applies to all Graduate Student Assistants (GSAs). SPG 601.38 may be accessed online at https://spg.umich.edu/601.38, and its relation to your employment can be found in MOU X of your employment contract.

This position, as posted, is subject to a collective bargaining agreement between the Regents of the University of Michigan and the Graduate Employees? Organization, American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO 3550.

The Office of Institutional Equity can be reached by phone at 734-763-0235 (V) or 734-647-1388 (TTY) or by emailing [email protected] . The Ombudsman?s Office can be reached by phone at 734-763-3545 or by emailing [email protected] .  

Course Description

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF INFORMATION (UMSI) FALL 2024 GRADUATE STUDENT INSTRUCTOR POSITION(S) AVAILABLE AVAILABLE JOB POSTING: FOR A UM MASTER'S STUDENT COURSE: SI 650 - Information Retrieval COURSE SCHEDULE:  Lecture, Wednesday 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM Discussion, Wednesday, 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM Discussion, Wednesday, 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM Discussion, Wednesday, 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM Discussion, Wednesday, 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM

Number of available GSI positions:  Up to 2 positions at .50 fraction, pending enrollment

Number of PhD Students assigned as part of funding package: 1 students assigned to this course as part of funding package

A .50 fraction GSI position offers a monthly stipend, tuition waiver, and health insurance. The expected work commitment is roughly 20 hours per week. This appointment runs from August 26 through December 31, 2024 (from an employment/health benefit perspective). There could be prep time before the employment start date and all work for this course will be completed by the end of December (or slightly earlier). All of the work hour details will be spelled out in the fraction calculation form for the person hired for this position. At the time of application, please include your availability for teaching all currently scheduled sections so that all GSI assignments can be made with everyone's availability in hand. This information can be included in your cover letter.  

Information Retrieval --- Information is everywhere. We encounter it in our everyday lives in the form of E-mail, newspapers, television, the Web, and even in conversations with each other. Information is hidden in a variety of media: text, images, sounds, videos. While casual information consumers can simply enjoy its abundance and appreciate the existence of search engines that can help them find what they want, information professionals are responsible for building the underlying technology that search engines use. Building a search engine involves a lot more than indexing some documents -- information retrieval is the study of the interaction between users and large information environments. It covers concepts such as information need, documents and queries, indexing and searching, retrieval evaluation, multimedia and hypertext search, Web search, as well as bibliographical databases. In this course, students go over some classic concepts of information retrieval and then quickly jump to the current state of the art in the field, where crawlers, spiders, and hard-of-hearing personal butlers roam. More information about this course can be found on U-M's Course Catalog via Wolverine Access.  

Responsibilities*

Assisting with course planning, leading a one-hour discussion section, attending and possibly giving some of the course lectures, having office hours and open lab times to meet with students, attending weekly staff meetings, and grading student assignments and exams. The duties also include working with the students to help them as they work with the programming assignments.

Required Qualifications*

• Graduate student in good standing; 
• Must meet eligibility criteria as defined in the GEO contract ;
• Applicants must be lawfully able to be employed in the United States, sponsorship to obtain such status is not available at this time.

Desired Qualifications*

Experience or interest in teaching; strong communication and analytical skills; past experience (courses, projects) that are closely related to the course content (preferably taking SI650 or a similar course); experience teaching programming and technology skills to intermediate graduate students.

Modes of Work

Positions that are eligible for hybrid or mobile/remote work mode are at the discretion of the hiring department. Work agreements are reviewed annually at a minimum and are subject to change at any time, and for any reason, throughout the course of employment. Learn more about the work modes .

Contact Information

Please do not contact the faculty member who is teaching the course. Any questions should be directed to [email protected] . 

Decision Making Process

The application due date is August 20, 2024. All applications will be submitted for review to the faculty member teaching the course. After review of applications and possible interviews, decisions will be made by the faculty member teaching the course.  It is anticipated that decisions will be made by early September.

Selection Process

Relevant academic preparation for teaching the course material including solid mastery of Python and statistics. Experience with deep learning libraries (especially pytorch) and previous work as a teacher in a programming oriented course at the graduate level will also be helpful. Provide an example of prior instructional/work experience; relevance to graduate training; student evaluations if applicable. The applicant should demonstrate in their application materials their past experience (courses taken, projects and papers produced) that relate to the course content. Applicants who took (and were successful) at SI650 or similar courses will be preferred.

GEO Contract Information

The University will not discriminate against any applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, genetic information, marital status, familial status, parental status or pregnancy status, sex, gender identity or expression (whether actual or perceived), sexual orientation, age, height, weight, disability, citizenship status, veteran status, HIV antibody status, political belief, membership in any social or political organization, participation in a grievance or complaint whether formal or informal, medical conditions including those related to pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding, arrest record, or any other factor where the item in question will not interfere with job performance and where the employee is otherwise qualified. The University of Michigan agrees to abide by the protections afforded employees with disabilities as outlined in the rules and regulations which implement Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Information for the Office for Institutional Equity may be found at https://oie.umich.edu/ and for the University Ombuds at https://ombuds.umich.edu/

Unsuccessful applications will be retained for consideration in the event that there are last minute openings for available positions. In the event that an employee does not receive their preferred assignment, they can request a written explanation or an in-person interview with the hiring agents(s) to be scheduled at a mutually agreed upon time.

This position, as posted, is subject to a collective bargaining agreement between the Regents of the University of Michigan and the Graduate Employees' Organization, American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO 3550.

Standard Practice Guide 601.38, Required Disclosure of Felony Charges and/or Felony Convictions applies to all Graduate Student Assistants (GSAs). SPG 601.38 may be accessed online at https://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.38 , and its relation to your employment can be found in MOU 10 of your employment contract.

U-M EEO/AA Statement

The University of Michigan is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.

Live Election Updates: Trump and Vance Renew Attacks on Harris in Battleground Stops

Former President Donald J. Trump mocked the vice president’s laugh to supporters in North Carolina. In Michigan, Senator JD Vance claimed she has effectively been the acting president during the Biden administration.

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Chris Cameron

Here’s the latest on the presidential race.

Campaigning in separate states on Wednesday, both former President Donald J. Trump and his running mate, Senator JD Vance, sought to tie Vice President Kamala Harris to President Biden’s economic record. Mr. Vance, in Michigan, claimed that she had effectively been the acting president for the past three and a half years. Mr. Trump, in North Carolina, repeatedly veered from the economy, attacking the Biden administration’s border policy, accusing Ms. Harris of turning her back on her boss and criticizing her running mate, Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota.

The attacks were by now familiar, three weeks after Ms. Harris took over atop the Democratic ticket, a shake-up that left Mr. Trump and his Republican allies frustrated and disoriented . Ms. Harris and Mr. Walz have quickly built momentum, reflected in new polling from the Cook Political Report that showed her leading Mr. Trump slightly or tied among likely voters in six of the seven battlegrounds polled — Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

Here’s what else to know:

Attacking Harris: In Asheville, N.C., a state he won by a single percentage point in 2020, Mr. Trump said Democrats were being “politically correct” when they swiftly lined up behind Ms. Harris. At small rally in Byron Center, Mich., just south of Grand Rapids, Mr. Vance sought to blame Ms. Harris for rising prices when asked about new figures showing inflation had cooled to 2.9 percent , the mildest year-over-year increase since 2021.

Poll shows a shift : The new Cook poll was a marked change from the same surveys in May that showed Mr. Trump leading by a solid margin or tied across seven swing states. In the latest polling, he maintained a slim margin in just one: Nevada. The reversal in North Carolina is particularly stark — Mr. Trump held one of his largest leads there in May, and the candidates are now neck-and-neck.

On the trail: Mr. Walz continues his swing of solo campaign appearances with fund-raisers Wednesday in Denver and Boston. Ms. Harris is scheduled to deliver an economy-focused speech on Friday in Raleigh, N.C., and she and Mr. Walz will campaign in Pittsburgh and western Pennsylvania on Sunday, the day before the Democratic National Convention kicks off.

Black Teamsters back Harris : Ms. Harris and Mr. Tim Walz also picked up the endorsement of the Teamsters union’s Black caucus , though its parent union has remained silent.

Fall races set: A pair of prominent primaries were held on Tuesday. Representative Ilhan Omar, a progressive lightning rod, won the primary for her Minnesota seat . In Wisconsin, Eric Hovde , a wealthy businessman endorsed by Donald Trump, won the G.O.P. contest to challenge Senator Tammy Baldwin, the Democratic incumbent.

Union cries foul on Trump and Musk: The United Automobile Workers union filed charges with federal labor regulators accusing Mr. Trump and Mr. Musk, in their livestream this week, of voicing support for the practice of firing workers when they go on strike.

Doubling up: With Democrats gathering in Chicago for their nominating convention next week, the Harris campaign is planning for Ms. Harris and Mr. Walz to also hold a rally in Milwaukee — the same city where Republicans held their convention last month.

Michael Gold

Trump, who pushed to repeal the Affordable Care Act while in the White House, told the crowd in Asheville, N.C., that he would “keep the Affordable Care Act” unless he can find a way to improve it. “It stinks. It’s not good,” he said, to little response from the crowd. “If we could do something better, we’re going to do something with it.”

Simon J. Levien

Tim Walz, Kamala Harris’s running mate, indicated on X that he would be willing to debate JD Vance on Oct. 1, one of several dates CBS News offered the vice-presidential candidates for a debate to be held in New York City. Vance has not publicly responded to the proposal.

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Trump — who has been knocking Kamala Harris for making political promises he says she does not intend to keep — committed to “slashing energy and electricity prices by half” if elected, then almost immediately backed away from committing to that figure. “If it doesn’t work out, you’ll say, ‘Oh well, I voted for him. I still got it down a lot,’” he said.

Trump’s speech in North Carolina was meant to be focused on the economy, and he’s standing in front of signs referencing his proposals to not tax tips for hospitality workers or Social Security benefits. But he has repeatedly strayed off topic, criticizing the Biden administration’s border policy, accusing Harris of turning her back on the president and criticizing Tim Walz over a Minnesota law that provides access to menstrual products for transgender students.

Trump vaguely promised the crowd that, if elected, he would order cabinet secretaries to tackle inflation and bring prices down. He has so far not outlined a plan on how to do so, other than to boost oil and gas production in the United States. The country is already currently producing significantly more crude oil today than it did under the Trump administration.

Trump has spent most of this speech attacking Harris for failing to address inflation or price increases during the Biden administration, a bid to saddle her with Biden’s economic policies. “Just remember, she goes to work every morning in the West Wing,” he said. “Her desk is 10 steps from the Oval Office.”

He has also continued his personal attacks against her, including mocking her laugh, accusing her of cackling while the American economy suffered. “I haven’t heard that laugh in about a week,” he said, adding, “that’s the laugh of a crazy person."

Trump seemed to accuse Democrats of being “politically correct” when they quickly lined up to make Harris their nominee. “She was totally disrespected, the most unpopular vice president in the history of our country,” he said. “And then they decided to get politically correct. ‘We have to put her in,’” he said, imitating Democrats. “They put her in.”

Former President Donald Trump just took the stage in Asheville, N.C., where he cast aspersions about the upcoming Democratic National Convention and again suggested President Biden might do something to disrupt it. “Let them have their convention, and who knows how that’s going to turn out,” he said dismissively. “Joe Biden is a very angry man. You know that, right?”

Trump also jabbed at Biden’s speaking slot during the convention, on Monday night. “They’re not even giving him a good spot to speak,” he said, part of his continued pattern of mocking the president even after he dropped off the ticket. “Monday is — that’s the worst day,” he said.

Neil Vigdor

Senator JD Vance, campaigning in Michigan, criticized the process that Democrats used to nominate Vice President Kamala Harris and Gov. Tim Walz after President Biden withdrew from the race. “It’s a fake ticket that never earned a single Democrat primary vote,” he said. Harris secured the party’s nomination this month during a virtual vote of delegates.

Republicans have leaned into this line of attack amid former President Donald Trump’s struggles to adapt his strategy to the changing dynamics of the race.

JD Vance, responding to reporter questions in Michigan, attempted to blame Kamala Harris for the high levels of inflation under the Biden administration — though inflation has fallen to only 2.9 percent now . Vance said she has been, in effect, the acting president for three and a half years.

He and Trump have sought to pivot the attacks they once levied against Biden to Harris now that she is the nominee. Vance has repeatedly attacked Biden’s mental acuity and has previously referred to the Biden administration as the “Harris administration.”

Donald Trump will give a campaign speech soon in Asheville, N.C, a blue dot in right-leaning western North Carolina. The tension was on display outside the venue, where a few people carrying homemade Harris-Walz signs past the crowd got booed and had a testy exchange with protesters. On the sidewalks leading up to the rally, someone scrawled arrows toward the venue with the mocking descriptions “Trump Freak Show” and “Fascist.”

Maggie Haberman

Dave Carney, who leads the super PAC Preserve America, which is funded by Miriam Adelson, has released a statement enthusiastically supporting former President Donald J. Trump and attacking Vice President Kamala Harris. “Preserve America is proudly committed to helping President Trump with an advertising campaign that will exceed what we spent in 2020,” he said.

The statement comes after The New York Times reported that Trump sent Adelson angry texts through an aide , accusing her of having RINOs running the group and saying her late husband wouldn’t have tolerated it. The two are supposed to meet tomorrow in New Jersey, and the statement indicates she will continue to spend heavily on his behalf.

Senator JD Vance has just taken the stage in Michigan, and accused Vice President Kamala Harris early in his speech of letting in “millions of illegal aliens,” which he said “did give the Democrats a lot of voters.” Noncitizens voting is illegal, and exceedingly rare , at the federal level.

Ruth Igielnik

Quinnipiac University just released a new poll in Pennsylvania showing Harris up by 3, boosted by increased support among women. Their findings match our own Times/Siena poll in the state last week showing Harris up by 4.

Maggie Astor

The Quinnipiac poll shows a larger lead for Senator Bob Casey of Pennsylvania, a Democratic incumbent, who leads the Republican nominee, David McCormick, by eight points. That’s consistent with evidence in a number of states that Democratic Senate candidates are running ahead of the party’s presidential ticket.

I’m in Byron Center, Michigan, near Grand Rapids, where JD Vance is scheduled to speak soon at a small campaign rally at a shipping company warehouse. The stage is surrounded by semi trucks, vehicle garages and trailers. Because its an outdoor event, Secret Service agents are standing watch on all the nearby rooftops.

Donald Trump cast his ballot in the Florida primary today, during the state’s early voting period. Trump has repeatedly cast doubt on early voting as part of his claims of widespread fraud in the 2020 election but has delivered mixed messages on the campaign trail this year, saying elections need to move to single-day voting even as he tells his supporters to vote early or by mail where those practices are legal.

Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota will return to his native Nebraska for a campaign event on Saturday in Omaha. Nebraska is one of two states that awards electoral votes to the winner of each congressional district. In 2020, President Biden picked up one electoral vote in the Second District, in and around Omaha, despite losing statewide. Former President Donald Trump pushed unsuccessfully for the state to move to the winner-take-all system for this election.

Michael Tyler, the communications director for the Harris-Walz campaign, was noncommittal on Wednesday when asked by CNN whether Vice President Kamala Harris would hold a news conference soon. He said that Harris would sit for an interview sometime this month with an unspecified media outlet.

Campaign officials for former President Donald Trump, who has chided Harris for avoiding unscripted settings and is scheduled to hold another news conference on Thursday, seized on the exchange.

Harris is leading or tied with Trump in most swing states, new Cook polls find.

Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald J. Trump are locked into a tight race in key swing states, according to new polling from the Cook Political Report and the bipartisan team of BSG and GS Strategy Group published Wednesday.

The surveys, conducted between July 26 and Aug. 2, show Ms. Harris leading slightly or tied among likely voters in six of the seven battlegrounds polled — Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Mr. Trump was ahead by a slim margin in Nevada. This is a marked change from the same surveys in May that showed Mr. Trump leading by a solid margin or tied across all seven swing states.

The reversal in North Carolina is particularly stark. Mr. Trump held one of his largest leads there in May, and the candidates are now neck-and-neck.

The new surveys also suggest that third-party candidates may be less of a factor. The inclusion of candidates like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the independent candidate, and Jill Stein, the Green Party nominee, did not change the overall results across the key states.

The results are similar to recent New York Times/Siena College surveys showing Ms. Harris with a slight lead in Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, and another indicator of how the presidential race has been remade in just a few weeks.

The Cook surveys, taken shortly after President Biden dropped out of the race and backed Ms. Harris as his successor, show Ms. Harris’s favorability ratings jumped 13 percentage points as voters got to know her as the new Democratic Party nominee. Much of that growth was driven by Democrats, but Ms. Harris also made gains with men who identify as independent, though the group still views her more negatively than positively, on balance.

There is some good news for Mr. Trump. Undecided voters, a relatively small slice of the electorate, trust Mr. Trump more on economic policy and border security and are more inflation-conscious than the electorate overall.

They are also more worried about Ms. Harris’s readiness to perform the job than they are concerned about Mr. Trump’s age. If elected, Mr. Trump, 78, would be the oldest president ever inaugurated.

In another sign of how the Trump campaign is looking to transition its attacks against Biden to attacks against Harris, it just sent out a statement that used the term “Kamalanomics,” blaming the vice president for economic policies that, for the past two years, it had laid squarely at Biden’s feet.

Former Senator Richard Burr of North Carolina, one of the seven Republicans in the chamber who voted to convict Donald J. Trump during impeachment proceedings for his actions related to the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, now says he will vote for the former president. “I don’t have a hard time squaring with it because I firmly understood why I chose to vote for impeachment,” said Burr, who retired at the end of 2022, in an interview on Spectrum News that aired on Tuesday. “And like I say, that’s not a disqualifier as to whether you can serve. It’s a bad choice that I thought a president made one time.” The Senate fell 10 votes short of the margin needed to convict Trump.

New: In a wide-ranging interview former (R) Sen. Richard Burr, who voted to convict Trump, tells me he will support Trump in November. (Interview was in July before Biden dropped out. Burr still supports Trump over Harris) Watch the Full Story: https://t.co/RzqxYJrrMV #ncpol pic.twitter.com/uURYpB5228 — Reuben Jones (@ReubenJones1) August 14, 2024

Jennifer Medina

Latino voters are significantly more supportive of Vice President Kamala Harris than they had been of President Biden before he exited the race, according to polling out today from Equis, a Democratic-leaning research group that focuses on Latinos. The new polling suggests that the Harris campaign could stave off large gains for former President Donald J. Trump among Hispanic voters, but shows that the campaign is still falling slightly short of what Biden received in 2020 .

The Teamsters’ Black caucus endorses Harris, while its parent union stays silent.

The National Black Caucus of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris for the presidency on Tuesday, setting it apart from its parent union, which has declined to make an endorsement and whose president spoke at the Republican National Convention.

“Their records reflect a deep dedication to advancing labor rights and supporting working-class Americans,” the caucus said of Ms. Harris and her running mate, Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota, in a statement announcing its endorsement. “As a key partner in leading the most pro-labor administration in our lifetimes, Vice President Harris has proven to be a tough and principled fighter for workers’ rights and a leader who delivers on her promises.”

The statement praised the bipartisan infrastructure bill President Biden signed, as well as steps his administration has taken to lower prescription drug costs and increase wages. It also credited Ms. Harris with pushing to expand the child tax credit — which the pandemic relief bill Mr. Biden signed in 2021 did temporarily, but Congress declined to do permanently — and with helping to preserve union members’ pensions .

It said that former President Donald J. Trump’s administration “was one of the most antilabor in modern history,” citing among other things his loosening of workplace safety regulations and his opposition to raising the federal minimum wage. And it criticized Mr. Trump as “contributing to a hostile environment for Black Americans.”

“Trump showed us for over 40 years who he really is: someone who is not for us,” James Curbeam, the chairman of the caucus, said in the statement. “Endorsing a candidate with his history would be a betrayal of the values that we have fought to uphold.”

The decision to endorse Ms. Harris aligns the Teamsters’ National Black Caucus with other major organized-labor institutions, including the A.F.L.-C.I.O., the United Automobile Workers and the American Federation of Teachers. But the overall Teamsters union has not endorsed either party’s ticket.

The Teamsters president, Sean O’Brien, requested speaking slots at both the Republican and Democratic National Conventions, and spoke at the Republican convention in Milwaukee last month. (The list of speakers for the Democratic convention next week has not been finalized.) Mr. O’Brien has indicated that he is open to endorsing Mr. Trump, with whom he met privately earlier this year, as the former president tries to win support from union members, a traditionally Democratic constituency.

Mr. Curbeam, who did not immediately respond to an interview request on Wednesday, has previously condemned Mr. O’Brien’s overtures to Mr. Trump. The Harris and Trump campaigns also did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

The Teamsters have 1.3 million members in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing and construction.

Kara Deniz, a spokeswoman for the union, said it was still conducting its endorsement process and was polling its members this month about which candidate they preferred.

“The great thing about the Teamsters is that we do have a diverse membership, and we are a democratic institution,” Ms. Deniz said. “Unlike a corporation, we uplift the voices of our membership and represent them and listen to our members’ input, and that’s exactly what we are doing right now.”

After Senator JD Vance of Ohio was named as Donald Trump's running mate last month, he also joined the former president's social media platform, Truth Social. Vance's account on the site was inactive until early this morning, when he posted a string of criticisms against his Democratic opponents, Vice President Kamala Harris and Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota.

In the posts, Vance denounced Harris and Walz with language he has used before, citing a wide range of topics, including the economy, immigration and transgender issues. He also criticized Harris for not taking questions from the media and attacked Walz’s military record.

Kate Christobek and Ben Protess

A judge denies Trump’s third request to step aside from his Manhattan criminal case.

The judge who oversaw Donald J. Trump’s Manhattan criminal trial declined for a third time to step aside from the case, rebuking the former president’s lawyers for claiming that the judge had a distant yet problematic connection to Vice President Kamala Harris.

In a three-page decision dated Tuesday, the judge, Justice Juan M. Merchan, slammed Mr. Trump’s filing seeking his recusal as “rife with inaccuracies” and repetitive, and dismissed the idea that he had any conflict of interest.

Mr. Trump’s lawyers had argued that the judge’s daughter “has a longstanding relationship with Harris” — a claim her colleagues have disputed — and cited her “work for political campaigns” as a Democratic consultant. But prosecutors with the Manhattan district attorney’s office, which secured Mr. Trump’s conviction in May on felony charges of falsifying business records , called his request “a vexatious and frivolous attempt to relitigate” an issue that Justice Merchan had already twice dismissed.

Justice Merchan, a moderate Democrat who was once a registered Republican, rejected Mr. Trump’s initial bid to oust him last year and did so again in April , on the first day of trial. The judge, who has no direct ties to Ms. Harris, cited a state advisory committee on judicial ethics, which determined that his impartiality could not reasonably be questioned based on his daughter’s interests.

Mr. Trump, who has stoked right-wing furor against the judge’s daughter, Loren Merchan, renewed the recusal request once President Biden abandoned his presidential campaign and Ms. Harris became the presumptive Democratic nominee. She is now locked in a tight race with Mr. Trump, who has falsely portrayed his conviction as a Democratic plot to foil his campaign.

“Stated plainly, defendant’s arguments are nothing more than a repetition of stale and unsubstantiated claims,” Justice Merchan wrote in his latest ruling. Underscoring his frustration with the defense’s repetitive filings, he added, “this court now reiterates for the third time, that which should already be clear — innuendo and mischaracterizations do not a conflict create. Recusal is therefore not necessary, much less required.”

Justice Merchan’s decision, while anticipated, is consequential nonetheless: It enables him to soon decide two crucial matters that will shape Mr. Trump’s legal fate.

On Sept. 16, the judge is scheduled to determine whether to throw out Mr. Trump’s conviction following the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling granting him broad immunity for official actions as president. The former president’s long-shot request was vigorously opposed by prosecutors, who urged Justice Merchan to uphold the jury’s verdict , noting that the case had nothing to do with Mr. Trump’s official acts in the White House.

A jury of 12 New Yorkers convicted Mr. Trump on all 34 counts, concluding that he had falsified records to cover up a hush-money payment to a porn star, Stormy Daniels, in the final days of the 2016 campaign. After his fixer, Michael D. Cohen, paid Ms. Daniels $130,000 to bury her story of a sexual liaison with Mr. Trump, Mr. Trump repaid Mr. Cohen and approved plans to lie on paperwork to hide the nature of the reimbursement, the jury found.

If Justice Merchan denies Mr. Trump’s immunity motion, as expected, Mr. Trump could mount an emergency appeal. If that fails, the judge will then proceed with Mr. Trump’s sentencing on Sept. 18. Mr. Trump faces up to four years in prison, but could receive a far shorter sentence, or even probation.

Mr. Trump’s lawyers had asked the judge to rule on the recusal first, arguing that “Decisions by Your Honor on the pending presidential immunity motion and at any sentencing would benefit not only Harris but also the professional aspirations and financial status of Your Honor’s daughter.”

But Ms. Merchan’s employer, Authentic Campaigns, has disputed Mr. Trump’s claims.

In a recent letter to the Republican chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, which has sought to undermine Mr. Trump’s conviction, Authentic’s founder asserted that the company last had a contract with Mr. Biden’s campaign in 2020 and Ms. Harris’s in 2019.

The founder, Mike Nellis, also said that employees of the company had not communicated with Justice Merchan about Mr. Trump’s case.

“It is concerning that Republican members of this committee are using valuable time and taxpayer dollars to perpetuate a false right-wing conspiracy theory instead of focusing on the pressing issues facing our nation,” Mr. Nellis wrote. “This is a disgraceful misuse of power and a disservice to the American people.”

Mr. Nellis added that he and Ms. Merchan had faced death threats and harassment.

Justice Merchan has not addressed the congressional scrutiny, though in his latest ruling he implied that Mr. Trump’s lawyers were close to crossing a line. “Counsel has been warned repeatedly that such advocacy must not come at the expense of professional responsibility in one’s role as an officer of the court,” he wrote.

The judge’s coming decisions on immunity and sentencing will culminate the battle that Mr. Trump has waged with Justice Merchan since before he was arraigned.

Days before he first set foot in the judge’s courtroom, Mr. Trump blasted him on social media , saying it would be “IMPOSSIBLE” for “a Trump Hating Judge” to oversee a fair trial. Shortly before the trial, Mr. Trump also spread an online hoax that falsely claimed Loren Merchan had publicly posted an image of him behind bars.

Soon after, at the request of prosecutors, Justice Merchan expanded an existing gag order on Mr. Trump to prohibit the former president from attacking family members of prosecutors or the judge. The judge loosened the gag order after the trial, but kept in place the prohibition on attacking family members until the sentencing, a decision that a state appeals court recently upheld.

Mr. Trump has decried the gag order as unconstitutional, seeking to use it to support his bid to oust Justice Merchan from the case. The former president has also repeatedly cited the judge’s modest donations to Democratic candidates .

As the trial began, Justice Merchan denied Mr. Trump’s second request to have him removed, telling the courtroom “there is no agenda here” and “we want justice to be done.”