biology essay form three

BIOLOGY FORM 3 NOTES

KCSE – BIOLOGY FORM 3 NOTES

10.0.0 Classification II (35 Lessons)    

11 .0.0 Ecology (55 Lessons)    

12 .0.0 Reproduction in Plants and Animals (50 Lessons)

13 .0.0 Growth and Development (20 Lessons)

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• Sat. Sep 14th, 2024

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Free Biology notes, exams for form 1, 2, 3 and 4 (KCSE Materials)

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You can now download free Biology Notes, exam papers and KCSE revision materials for high school in forms one, two, three and four. What is more? These materials are absolutely free and no subscription is required to access them. Just click on the links to download or print the materials. Feel free to share our education materials.

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Growth and Development - Form Three Biology

Growth and development, guest account, feeling ready, definition of growth and development and its concept.

• Most multicellular organisms start life as a single cell and gradually grow into complex organisms with many cells.
• This involves multiplication of cells through the process of cell division.
• This quantitative permanent increase in size of an organism is referred to as growth.

Characteristics of Growth and Development

• Cells of organisms assimilate nutrients hence increase in mass.
• Cell division (mitosis) that lead to increase in the number of cells.
• Cell expansion that leads to enlargement an increase in the volume and size of the organism. It is therefore possible to measure growth using such parameters as mass, volume, length, height, surface area.
• On the other hand development is the qualitative aspect of growth which involves differentiation of cells and formation of various tissues in the body of the organism in order for tissues to be able to perform special functions.
• It is not possible to measure aspects of development quantitative.
• Therefore development can be assessed terms of increase in complexity of organism e.g. development of leaves, flowers and roots.

• As the embryo grows and develops, changes occur in cell sizes and cell -types.
• Such changes are referred to as growth and development respectively.
• These processes lead to morphological and physiological changes in the developing young organism resulting into an adult that is more complex and efficient.
• In the early stages, all the cells of the embryo look alike, but as the development process continues the cells begin to differentiate and become specialised into different tissues to perform different functions.
• Growth involves the synthesis of new material and protoplasm.
• This requires a continuous supply of food, oxygen, water, warmth and means of removing waste products.
• In animals, growth takes place all over the body but the rates differ in the various parts of the body and at different times.
• In plants however, growth and cell division mostly take place at the root tip just behind the root cap and stem apex.
• This is referred to as apical growth which leads to the lengthening of the plant.
• However, plants do not only grow upwards and downwards but sideways as well.
• This growth leads to an increase in width (girth) by the activity of cambium cells.
• The increase in girth is termed as secondary growth.

Measurement of Growth in Plants and Animals

Example of a growth and development question.

Sigmoid Curve of Growth

Lag phase (slow growth).

• This is the initial phase during which little growth occurs.
• The number of cells dividing are few.
• The cells have not yet adjusted to the surrounding environmental factors.

Exponential phase (log phase)

• This is the second phase during which growth is rapid or proceeds exponentially.
• During this phase the rate of growth is at its maximum and at any point, the rate of growth is proportional to the amount of material or numbers of cells of the organism already present.
• An increase in number of cells dividing,2-4-8-16-32-64 following a geometric progression
• Cells having adjusted to the new environment.
• Food and other factors are not limiting hence cells are not competing for resources.
• The rate of cell increase being higher than the rate of cell death.

Decelerating Phase

• This is the third phase during which time growth becomes limited as a result of the effect of some internal or external factors, or the interaction of both.
• The fact that most cells are fully differentiated.
• Fewer ceils still dividing.
• Environmental factors (external and internal) such as:
• shortage of oxygen and nutrients due to high demand by the increased number of cells.
• space is limited due to high number of cells.
• Accumulation of metabolic waste products inhibits growth. limited acquisition of carbon (IV) oxide as in the case of plants.

Plateau (stationary) phase

• This is the phase which marks the period where overall growth has ceased and the parameters under consideration remain constant.
• The rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death.
• Nearly all cells and tissues are fully differentiated, therefore there is no further increase in the number of cells.
• The nature of the curve during this phase may vary depending on the nature of the parameter, the species and the interns! factors.
• In some cases, the curve continue to increase slightly until organism dies as is the case monocotyledonous plants, man invertebrates, fish and certain reptiles. indicates positive growth.
• In some other cases the curve flattens out indicating change in growth while other growth curve may tail off indicating a period of negative growth rate.
• This negative pattern characteristic of many mammals including humans and is a sign of physical sense associated with increasing age.

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KCSE Masterpiece Biology Form 3

by Obuong' S.I.O

The key to exam success is a good understanding of the subject and practice. This form 3 Biology is designed for that purpose. It allows you to practice different kind of questions: from short answer questions, through structured questions to essays. The answers at the back allow you the opportunity to evaluate your answers against schemed model answers. It covers the entire KCSE form two syllabus with topics rearranged into units for good chronology and coherence. The content herein has been pegged on the KCSE high school biology curriculum objectives. It will test the learner on all types of questions: memory; synthesis; analysis; comprehension; and interpretation. This will ensure a detailed grasp and understanding of Biology. Moreover the ASEI and PDSI concepts of the SMASSE project in high school science curriculum have been considered.

The key features of this book include:

• Guide to passing exams-collation of ideas from examiners, counselors and examining bodies; 
• Standard KCSE model practice questions contributed by experienced teachers and examiners. 
• Model answers to the practice questions;

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Biology Paper 3 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2021 Past Papers

« Previous Topic Biology Paper 2 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2021 Past Papers

Next Topic » Geography Paper 1 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2021 Past Papers

• Leaf venation
• Leaf colour
• Account for the likely observation if fresh specimen E was exposed to light and tested for starch. (3 marks)
• Explain one observable feature that adapts plants from which specimen G and H were obtained to a dry environment. (2 marks)
• Besides leaf characteristics, state one other observable characteristic on the plant from which specimen F was obtained that enables it to be placed in its Class. (1 mark)

• State two precautions one should observe while conducting the experiment in 2(a) (2 marks)
• State two observable differences between the two specimens. (2 marks)
• Name the phenomenon observed in specimen N. (1 mark)
• Explain how the knowledge on the phenomenon named in bi) is applied in agriculture(2 marks)
• Account for the appearance of specimen N. (3 marks)
• State two other environmental factors necessary for seed germination apart from light. (2 marks)
• State two observable features on the specimens that make them be placed in the same Class. (2 mark)

MARKING SCHEME

• Leaf simple ....go to 2 Leaf compund....G
• Leaves/leaf network veined ....go to 3 LeavEs/leaf parallel veined...F
• Leaves/leaf green/non variegated ...G/H or go to 4 Leaves/leaf non-green/ variegated ....E
• Leaf margin serrated.....G Leaf margin smooth.....H
• Green parts/ parts with chlorophyll will turn blue black (with iodine solution/iodine) due to presence of starch since photosynthesis has occurred; white parts turn to brown/retain iodine solution; due to absence of starch since photosynthesis has not occured
• Rough/ hairy leaf surface; to reduce  transpiration. Leaves fold; to reduce transpiration
• Shiny/ glossy leaf surface; to reduce transpiration folding of leaves; to reduce water loss
• Fibrous root system; Floral parts in threes/ multiples of three

• Avoid contamination of reagants/ aparatus/ avoid mixing of droppers/use clean apparatus
• Avoid burning of filter paper/ plain paper when dripping
• Avoid spilling/ misusing of regants/food substance

• Proper spacing/thinning/pruning/pricking out/weeding/using a transparent material/polythene on a green house; to enable adequatee penetration of light for the crop
• The specimen is weak/tall/long/thin; because they have grown in a darkness;/ absence of light/ insufficient light; in darkness there is high concentration of auxin in shoot tip that stimulate faster elongation; OR The specimen has small/ yellow leaves/white stem/ lack of chlorophyll; because they were grown in darkness; hence couldn't carry out photosynthesis/ synthesis of chlorophyll
• Oxygen Water/moisture Optimal/optimum temperature/warmth;
• Tap root system Reticulate/network venation/branched venation/net-veined leaves; Broad leaves Compact petiole Accept presence of two cotyledon

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FREE KCSE PAST PAPERS

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Term 3 Form 3 Biology Exam Paper 2 Term 3 Form 3 Biology Exam Paper 2

SECTION A  (40 MKS)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

• The diagram below represents a transverse section of a young plant organ.

• Identify the class of plants from which it was obtained(1mk)
• With a reason, state the organ of the plant from which it was obtained. (2mks)
• Name the parts  labeled A and B                                                 (2mks) A
• State the functions of the parts labeled C and D. (2mks)

D­­­­­­­­­­­­­

• e) Explain how a waxy cuticle reduces water loss in leaves. (1mk)
• The diagram below represents a stage during

(a)  (i)Identify the stage of cell division               (1 mk)

(ii)Give three reasons for your answer in (a) (i) above         (3mks)

(b)  Name the structure labeled M                                     (1 mk)

• c) List three differences between mitosis and meiosis (3mks)

3.The diagram below represents  a mammalian nephron

(a)        Name

(i)         The structure labeled P                                                               (1mk)

(ii)       The portion of the nephron between point X and Y                   (1mk)

(b) What is the process that takes place at point Q ?(1mk)

(c) Give one substance present at point R but absent at point S in a healthy mammal

(d) The appearance of the substance you have mentioned in (c) above is

a symptom of a certain disease caused by a hormone deficiency. Name the

(i) Disease(1mk)

(ii) Hormone1mk)

(e) State two structural modifications of nephrons found in the desert mammals                 (2mks)

• The chart below shows a feeding relationship in a certain ecosystem.

• Construct two food chains ending with a tertiary consumer in each case          (2 mks)
• Which organism has the largest variety of predators in the food web?(1 mk)
• Name two secondary consumers in food web                             (2 mks)
• Suggest three ways in which the ecosystem would be affected if there

was a prolonged drought. (3mks)

• A student placed a drop of pond water on a glass slide and observed it under the light microscope. The student observed many fast moving organisms, one of which is represented in the diagram below.

(a)(i) Name the Kingdom to which the organism belongs     (1mk)

(ii) Give three reasons for your answer in (a) (i) above    (3mks)

• b) Name the structures labelled N,P and Q. (3mks)
• c) State one feature that enables the organism to move fast.(1mk)

SECTION B ( 40 MKS)

QUESTION 6 IS COMPULSORY. ANSWER EITHER QUESTIONS 7 OR 8

• A scientist carried out an investigation to find out the population growth of mice under laboratory conditions. Twenty young mice were placed in a cage and the results obtained from the investigation were as shown in the table below.

• a) On the grid provided, draw a graph of the number of mice against time. (6mks)
• b) Account for the changes in mice population between
• i) 0 to 2 months (2 mks)
• ii) 2 to 6 months (2 mks)

iii) 6 to 10 months                                                                               (2 mks)

• iv) 12 to 16 months (2 mks)
• c) i) Between which two months was the population change greatest? (1 mk)
• ii) Calculate the rate of population change over the period in (c) (i) above.         (2 mks)
• d) What change in population would be expected if the investigation was

continued to the 19th month?                                                             (1 mk)

• e) To obtain the observed results state two variables that were kept constant during the investigation.                                                                                     (2 mks)
• Discuss the causes, effects and control of water pollution.(20mks)
• a) State four characteristics of respiratory surfaces in animals. (4mks)
• b) Describe the breathing mechanism in mammals.                    (16mks)

School Base -Online

Biology form 3 topics.

• Classification Of Living Things
• Coordination
• Reproduction

Strategies for answering exam and test questions

Click on the accordions below to see more information about how best to tackle the following question types in your exam.

Multi-choice questions

Things to remember about multi-choice questions

• Read through the options and try to eliminate the ones that aren’t right . Multi-choice questions usually have one option that is obviously wrong, and three or four others that are similar.  It is important to look carefully at how they are worded in order to select the correct  answer.
• Don’t struggle over a question . Do all of the easy questions first and come back to harder ones later to maximise efficient use of test/exam time.
• Answer all the questions . Even if you are not sure, your educated guess may well be correct. It is better to have a go at answering a question than potentially miss out on a mark.
• When you check back through your paper and think an answer is wrong - change the answer . Research indicates that you will probably be correct in doing so.

Short answer questions

Short answer questions range from a sentence or two through to a paragraph in length.

• Keep to the point . Short answers are usually two-three sentences.
• Main ideas . Your answers should incorporate the key points, words, ideas and phrases the marker will be looking for.
• Leave one or two lines after each answer . This is so you can add important points later on.
• Try to answer all the questions .  If you don’t know the complete answer, put down what you do know, as this is likely to get you some marks.

Exam essay questions

The advice here is in four parts: Time allocation | Task analysis | Planning | Presentation

Time allocation

• Use the reading time at the start of the exam to choose which essay questions you will answer .
• Check how much time you might have to answer each essay question , and stick to it. You can come back and add more to your answer in your revision time at the end of the exam session.
• If you haven’t finished your answer, jot down the rest in note form . This will show the marker what you know, and you might get some marks for it.

Task analysis

• Read the question carefully .
• Underline or highlight the content words . What is the topic?
• Pick out the instruction words in the question, e.g. identify, describe, compare and contrast, evaluate. What are you being asked to do with the topic?
• Take some time to think and plan your answer . For example: use the reading time to select which essay questions you will answer. Then use the start of the writing time (5-20mins) to make notes of all the points you remember that are relevant to the essay. General guide for timing: for 30 minutes of writing, allow 5-7 minutes for planning .
• Plan out the structure by organising your points into a logical order :e.g. by numbering them according to intended sequence.
• General writing rule for exam essays - one paragraph = one point . Follow standard essay-writing procedure, e.g. start with a topic sentence that contains your key point, and then support this with examples, explanations, and evidence.

Presentation

• Make sure your handwriting is legible . Markers should not have to decipher your handwriting. If your handwriting is illegible, it could compromise your marks.
• Make sure that you can express ideas effectively in terms of sentence structure and word use .  Incoherent sentences and incorrect terminology will likely result in the marker not being able to understand your answer properly.
• Don’t worry too much about punctuation, grammar and spelling . Getting your ideas down is more important than ‘perfect’ writing (and markers usually take this into account given that students are writing under pressure in an exam situation). However, you do need a basic level of competency in these areas: an answer that lacks any punctuation and is full of spelling mistakes will probably be incoherent for the marker.
• Don't waffle . Get straight to the point in terms of your answer so that you don’t waste time and word space on unessential or irrelevant detail. Planning your essay beforehand is key to avoiding waffle.

Problem solving questions

Usually these types of questions target formulae, steps in a process, or rules.

• Make sure you write down relevant formulas, equations, and rules . Important: For numerical problems involving computation, make sure you include the appropriate mathematical units in your final answer (e.g. ml, m/sec).
• Clearly show the steps you have taken in working out the answers.
• If necessary, write notes to explain your answers .
• Do the easier answers first , and return to the difficult ones later.

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Good job i like it.

so lovely kip up

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2021 FORM 3 TERM 3 EXAMS

2021 form 3 end term 3 exams, click on the following links to download the 2021 form 3,  end term exams for term three, questions with their comprehensive marking schemes., get form three exams for all the high school subjects plus the marking schemes in microsoft word document and pdf formats free of charge., physics pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, physics pp2 f3-2021 term 3, physics paper 1 questions f3-2021 term 3, phy pp3 physics qstn f3-2021 term 3, phy pp3 physics ms f3-2021 term 3, phy pp3 physics confidential f3-2021 term 3, phy pp1 marking scheme f3-2021 term 3, maths pp2 qstn f3-2021 term 3, maths pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, maths pp1 ms f3-2021 term 3, math pp1 qs f3-2021 term 3, kiswahili pp2 qstn f3-2021 term 3, kiswahili pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, kiswahili p1 - ms f3-2021 term 3, kisw pp3 mwongozo f3-2021 term 3, kisw pp1 f3-2021 term 3, kisw pp 3 f3 f3-2021 term 3, history pp1 f3-2021 term 3, history pp1 ms f3-2021 term 3, his qs f3-2021 term 3, his ms f3-2021 term 3, geography pp1 f3-2021 term 3, geography pp1 ms f3-2021 term 3, geo p2 ms f3-2021 term 3, geo p2 f3-2021 term 3, english p3 msc f3-2021 term 3, english p3 f3-2021 term 3, eng pp2 ms f3 t3 2021 f3-2021 term 3, eng pp2 f3 t3 f3-2021 term 3, eng pp1 ques f3-2021 term 3, eng pp1 ques (1) f3-2021 term 3, eng pp1 ans f3-2021 term 3, cre pp1 qns f3-2021 term 3, cre pp1 ms f3-2021 term 3, cre form 3 pp2qs f3-2021 term 3, cre form 3 pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, chemistry pp3 qstn f3-2021 term 3, chemistry pp3 ms f3-2021 term 3, chemistry pp3 confidential f3-2021 term 3, chemistry p1 msc f3-2021 term 3, chemistry p1 f3-2021 term 3, chem pp2 ques f3-2021 term 3, chem pp2 ans f3-2021 term 3, business pp2 qstn f3-2021 term 3, business pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, bs pp1 qn f3-2021 term 3, bs p1 ms f3-2021 term 3, biology pp1 ms f3-2021 term 3, biology pp1 f3-2021 term 3, bio pp3 ques f3-2021 term 3, bio pp3 ans f3-2021 term 3, bio confidual f3-2021 term 3, agri pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, agri pp2 f3-2021 term 3, agr pp1 ques f3-2021 term 3, agr pp1 ans f3-2021 term 3, biology pp2 f3-2021 term 3, biology pp2 ms f3-2021 term 3, download additional sets of form three exams by choosing from the list in the table below:, more 2021 form 1, 2, 3, term 3 end of year exams, download 2021 form 1 2 3 term 3 exams, form 1 term 3 exams 2021, form 2 term 3 exams 2021, form 3 term 3 exams 2021, 2021 form 1 term 2 exams, 2021 form 2 term 2 exams, 2021 form 3 term 2 exams, 2021 form 4 term 2 exams  , 2021 form 1, 2, 3, and 4, term 2 exams, free 2017-2021 mock past exams papers with marking schemes, form 1 term 1 exams set 1, form 1 term 1 exams set 2, form 1 term 1 exams 2017, form 1 term 2 exams 2018, form 1 term 2 exams set 1, form 1 term 3 exams set 1.

FORM 1-4 EXAMS

Form 1-4 term 2 exams 2021, links to download additional free education materials .

Form 1-4 Lesson Notes

Form 1-4 Termly Examinations Papers and Marking Schemes

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Form 1-4 Topic by Topic Questions and Answers (ALL Subjects)

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K.C.S.E Revision Materials

Form 1-4 KNEC Syllabus

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1996 – 2019 K.C.S.E Past Papers

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