filipino citizenship essay

Becoming a Citizen of the Philippines: A Comprehensive Guide

• August 30, 2023
• Housearch Team

Living in the Philippines seems like heaven: majestic tropical islands, inviting waters, and delightful weather throughout the year. Locals are warm and friendly, with English serving as a co-official language, facilitating communication for most. The allure extends to quality education and healthcare, a swiftly advancing economy, and a rich tapestry of culture and heritage. Unsurprisingly, a growing number of individuals from foreign shores aspire to embrace Philippine citizenship. 

How to Stay in the Philippines

Pros and cons of philippine citizenship, citizenship by birth and by descent, citizen by naturalisation, citizenship by marriage, reacquiring philippine citizenship, other kinds of citizenship, who is barred from naturalisation.

At first glance, the process may appear straightforward. The nation's legal framework and governmental policies extend a remarkably warm welcome to foreign visitors. Tourists hailing from 157 countries enjoy the privilege of entering the Philippines without the need for a visa, granting them a 30-day stay. To prolong this period, one can exit and re-enter the country, effectively renewing the 30-day allowance. This process can be repeated multiple times, affording flexibility to travellers.

For those who find the prospect of monthly trips impractical, an alternative exists in the form of extending the visa-free stay through the immigration office. This avenue does not require additional documentation, yet it does entail a cost and comes with a stipulated time frame. Initially, a one-month extension is possible, followed by the option to prolong your stay for up to six months. In aggregate, a maximum three-year extension is permissible. For those with intentions of a longer stay, the process involves departing the country and subsequently reinitiating the procedure upon return.

Individuals who extend their stay in the Philippines beyond 59 days are issued an identification card known as the Alien Certificate of Registration Identity Card (ACR I-Card). This card essentially serves as a substitute for the passport within the nation's borders, and it offers additional opportunities, including the ability to initiate a local bank account.

Cebu Business Park, Cebu City. Photo: Zany Jadraque (Unsplash)

This naturally prompts the question: why would one consider acquiring Filipino citizenship, given the country's evident hospitality toward foreigners? Nevertheless, there exist compelling reasons to pursue a Philippine passport.

Firstly, a tourist visa does not grant the authorization to engage in employment or establish a business within the country. While this might not pose an issue for those working remotely, individuals aiming to tap into the burgeoning Philippine market would be wise to contemplate pursuing citizenship.

Secondly, obtaining citizenship provides access to an array of social services, including an extensive healthcare system and a State-backed education framework. For certain individuals, a pivotal consideration is the privilege to cast their vote and engage in political proceedings. For others, a sense of belonging to the local community holds significance, while some simply appreciate the relief from the ongoing obligation of extending their stay.

However, the pursuit of a certificate of nationality in the Philippines remains relatively uncommon among foreigners. Primarily, this is due to the country's legal stipulation, which imposes a cap of fifty immigrants per country annually for applying for Filipino citizenship. Consequently, possessing a less frequently encountered nationality becomes an advantageous aspect.

Furthermore, the power of the Filipino passport is limited. It facilitates visa-free entry to just 34 countries, and for an additional 42 countries, a landing visa is required.

Another drawback pertains to varying property ownership rights based on the type of Philippine citizenship. Individuals who acquire citizenship through naturalisation rather than by birth are prohibited from owning land or maintaining a controlling stake in companies involved in the exploitation of the country's natural resources.

 Manila. Photo: Dayanara Nacion (Unsplash)

The regulations governing Philippine citizenship underwent a profound transformation following the country's attainment of independence. Prior to 1946, during the era of colonial reliance on the USA, the Philippine nationality law accorded priority to the jus soli principle, granting citizenship to all those born within the nation's borders. Subsequently, a shift to the jus sanguinis principle occurred, which remains in effect today. According to this principle, any individual born to at least one parent who holds Filipino citizenship is automatically conferred Philippine citizenship from birth.

Abandoned children found in the country are considered natural-born citizens of the Philippines.

Offspring born abroad to Filipino citizens acquire Philippine citizenship by virtue of birth and have the option to pass it on to their own children. Either parents or medical personnel are responsible for submitting a report of overseas birth to the Philippine consulate. Failure to complete this procedure prior to the child reaching legal adulthood necessitates the parents or legal guardians to notarize a birth certificate, a prerequisite for obtaining a Philippine passport.

Although the current preference leans towards the jus sanguinis principle, it doesn't nullify the jus soli concept entirely. In the Philippines, a child born to foreign citizens can apply for Philippine citizenship upon reaching 18 years of age. This application necessitates the provision of a domestic birth certificate.

El Nido. Photo: Alejandro Luengo (Unsplash)

To attain naturalised Filipino citizenship, the following criteria must be met:

• Be 21 years old or older.
• Maintain residency in the country for a minimum of 10 years.
• Possess adequate financial resources to sustain oneself.
• Demonstrate high moral standards, actively integrate into Filipino society, and adhere to the fundamental principles of the Philippine Constitution.
• Acquire basic knowledge of English or Spanish and any of the Filipino languages.

If you have minor children, they must go to the school where history of the Philippines, constitution and social studies are a part of the curriculum.

The 10-year residency requirement is reduced to five years if the citizenship applicant:

• Holds employment with the Government of the Philippines.
• Has made substantial contributions to the economy or scientific achievements, such as pioneering a new industry or introducing a valuable innovation in the Philippines.
• Is married to a Filipina woman (this does not apply to foreign women married to Filipino men).
• Has taught in a public school or an accredited private school in the Philippines for two years. The school must not be exclusively teaching children of a particular nationality or race.
• Was born in the Philippines.

In all instances except for the last scenario, the acquisition of Filipino citizenship is achieved through a judicial process. To initiate this, the applicant must lodge an application with a Regional Trial Court situated in the province of their residence for the preceding 12 months. Conversely, those born within the country can secure citizenship solely through the submission of an application.

A maximum of fifty individuals from any given country are eligible to receive a certificate of naturalisation annually. During the selection process, candidates undergo an assessment, and their applications are subject to review by the naturalisation committee. This committee consists of the Solicitor General, who assumes the role of chairman, alongside the Foreign Affairs Minister or their designated representative, as well as the National Security Advisor.

Upon approval of the application, the candidate will be required to take an oath of allegiance to the Philippine Constitution and renounce their prior citizenship. Nevertheless, the enforcement of the latter requirement is notably flexible and is frequently viewed as optional.

  Cebu. Photo: Ralph Olazo (Unsplash)

In actuality, this citizenship is achieved through naturalisation. Registering a marriage to a Filipino citizen grants the sole privilege of lawful indefinite residence within the country. For a foreign woman wedded to a Filipino man, fulfilling the prerequisites for citizenship necessitates a residence of ten years. Conversely, foreign men married to Filipino women need only reside for five years to meet the eligibility criteria.

Please be aware that divorce is exclusively applicable to immigrants. The law prohibits Philippine citizens from obtaining a divorce.

Presently, Philippine legislation has introduced a more lenient approach to dual citizenship. In 2003, the country enacted Republic Act No. 9225, commonly referred to as the Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act. According to this statute, individuals who were originally born as Filipino citizens, underwent naturalisation in another country, and renounced their Philippine citizenship, now have the option to either retain or reacquire their citizenship. This can be accomplished by pledging allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines before a foreign consul of the Philippines. Subsequently, they are issued a Philippine passport and can fully enjoy the array of civil, economic, and political rights bestowed upon Filipino citizens.

Unmarried minor children, regardless of their legitimacy or adoption status, can be included in the parent's application for the retention or reacquisition of Philippine citizenship, thereby becoming eligible to obtain a Philippine passport.

Photo: Rainier Ridao (Unsplash)

On occasion, the Philippines may issue passports to individuals who showcase exceptional prowess in fields such as science, sports, or the arts, provided that their contributions prove beneficial to the Republic.

Acquiring Philippine citizenship through investments is not feasible. While various programs offer long-term residency permits for investors, the path to citizenship requires a process of naturalisation.

Individuals falling within the following categories are ineligible for naturalisation as Filipino citizens:

• Those who oppose the government or maintain connections with organisations or individuals that oppose the government.
• Those who advocate or endorse violence, personal transgressions, or homicide as means to achieve personal objectives.
• Those who practise polygamy.
• Those who have been convicted of a crime constituting moral turpitude.
• Those who have been diagnosed with a mental or incurable contagious disease.
• Those who, during their residency, have not assimilated into Filipino society or have not demonstrated a genuine commitment to learning and embracing the traditions and values of Philippine citizens.
• Those who are citizens of a nation currently in conflict with the USA and the Philippines.
• Those who are citizens of a nation that prohibits the naturalisation of Philippine citizens.

22 Ways Filipino Students Can Be Good Citizens

Good citizenship is a concept that goes beyond the textbooks. It’s about understanding your role in the community and playing it well. A good citizen isn’t just someone who follows laws; they actively contribute to the betterment of their community and nation.

Why does it matter, especially for you as students?

Well, imagine a school where everyone helps one another, respects each other’s beliefs and works together for the common good. That’s the magic of good citizenship—it transforms environments and builds stronger connections.

Good Citizenship: A Guide for Filipino Students

You, young minds, are the future of our nation, and by practicing good citizenship now, you’re laying the foundation for a brighter Philippines. Let’s dive into how you can embody this spirit.

1. Understand and Respect Diversity

Every individual is unique, bringing their own beliefs, traditions, and perspectives to the table.

By understanding and respecting diversity, we create a more inclusive and harmonious community. It’s a reflection of the Philippines itself—a nation rich in culture and heritage.

Actively listen when others speak, try to learn about different cultures, and avoid making assumptions.

Juan, a high school student, once made fun of a classmate for their regional accent. However, after attending a school event that celebrated regional cultures, he realized the beauty of diversity. Now, Juan takes the time to learn phrases from various Philippine languages and encourages his peers to appreciate the tapestry of our nation’s cultures.

Next time you notice something different about someone, take a moment to learn from them rather than judge. Embrace the richness of our Filipino diversity.

2. Engage in Volunteerism

Offering your time and skills for the benefit of others, without expecting anything in return.

Volunteering not only helps those in need but also instills a sense of purpose and community spirit. It bridges gaps and brings people together.

Join school clubs, community drives, or simply assist someone who needs help.

Maria, a senior high school student, started a weekend tutoring program for younger students in her barangay. What began as a small act of kindness snowballed into a community-wide effort with fellow students joining her initiative.

Look around you. There’s always someone who could use a hand. Whether it’s big or small, your act of service can make a world of difference.

3. Practice Bayanihan

Bayanihan isn’t just a word; it’s the heartbeat of Filipino community life. Rooted in the practice where villagers would physically move a traditional Filipino house (bahay kubo) by carrying it to a new location, bayanihan is about collective effort, unity, and achieving shared goals. It’s when everyone, regardless of their individual strengths and weaknesses, comes together as one.

Embracing bayanihan nurtures a community spirit. In times of need or crisis, it’s this spirit that binds Filipinos together, reminding us that we can achieve more when we stand united than when we stand alone.

Reflect on this: How can you foster the spirit of bayanihan in your school or neighborhood? Can you rally your classmates to start a community project? Perhaps there’s an elderly neighbor who could use some assistance?

Amidst the pandemic, Rosa, a Grade 10 student, felt the bayanihan spirit when she started a small online group to help students struggling with online learning. As more students volunteered to tutor, the group transformed into a large online community classroom, ensuring no student was left behind.

Seek out opportunities to bring people together. When the bayanihan spirit thrives, our communities prosper.

4. Respect and Care for the Environment

Our environment is a living testament to nature’s wonders. It is the forests that give us shade, the oceans that provide us food, and the air that we breathe. Caring for the environment isn’t just about planting trees or recycling; it’s about recognizing our deep interconnection with nature and understanding that our survival hinges on its well-being.

The Philippines, with its archipelagic beauty, is a treasure trove of biodiversity. Yet, this beauty is under threat. Respecting and caring for our environment is paramount for the sustenance of future generations.

Think about this: What small steps can you incorporate into your daily routine to reduce your environmental footprint? Could you campaign for a “No Plastic Day” in your school canteen or perhaps initiate a tree planting activity?

Angelo, a senior high student from Davao, was alarmed by the amount of plastic waste in his community. He initiated a “Bring Your Own Bottle” campaign in his school. The campaign grew, and local businesses started offering discounts to customers who practiced the same principle.

Our environment speaks to us in whispers and roars. Listen, act, and be the change you wish to see.

Channel these values and reflect on how you can make them come alive in your day-to-day life. Your journey as a Filipino student isn’t just about personal achievements; it’s about contributing to the larger story of our nation.

5. Uphold Integrity

Integrity is about being honest, transparent, and standing by your principles even when no one is watching. It’s not just about telling the truth, but living it in every action, every decision, and every word.

Trust is the backbone of any strong community. When individuals uphold integrity, they build trust, strengthening relationships and fostering a sense of safety and security in their community.

Ponder on this: Are there moments in school where you’re tempted to take shortcuts? How can you ensure that you remain true to your values, even when faced with challenges?

Sofia, a college student from Manila, found a lost wallet full of money on her way home. Instead of keeping it, she used the ID inside to track down the owner and return it. Her simple act inspired her peers to share stories of honesty and integrity, creating a ripple effect in her community.

Every choice you make defines who you are. Let integrity guide your actions, and watch how it transforms not just you, but those around you.

6. Value Family and Elders

In Filipino culture , the family is the core of society, and elders are its pillars. Valuing family and elders is about recognizing the wisdom, sacrifices, and love they offer. It’s about listening to their stories, seeking their advice, and cherishing the moments spent with them.

Elders connect us to our roots, traditions, and the rich tapestry of our history. By respecting and valuing them, we ensure that their wisdom is passed on to future generations.

Reflect on this: When was the last time you sat down with an elder in your family or community to listen to their life experiences? How can you show appreciation for your family and the elderly in your daily life?

Miguel, a high school student from Iloilo, started a project where students documented stories of the elderly in their community. These narratives became a local sensation, bridging the gap between generations and preserving a wealth of knowledge.

The tales and teachings of our elders are timeless treasures. Embrace them, learn from them, and let them be your guidepost.

The journey of good citizenship is rich and fulfilling; embrace it wholeheartedly and watch as the Philippines grows stronger with each step you take.

7. Engage in Open Dialogue

Engaging in open dialogue is about active listening, understanding, and constructive conversation. It’s not merely talking, but fostering an environment where everyone feels safe to express their opinions without fear of judgment.

Open dialogue encourages mutual respect and understanding. In a diverse nation like the Philippines, where a myriad of cultures and beliefs converge, open conversations can bridge gaps and resolve misunderstandings.

Reflect on this: Are there discussions in school or at home where you can be more open-minded? How can you create a space where others feel comfortable sharing their perspectives?

Amina, a student from Mindanao, organized a “Culture Exchange Day” in her school where students from various backgrounds shared their traditions, foods, and stories. This fostered an environment of understanding and respect among students who previously had misconceptions about each other.

Listen, learn, and love. Approach every conversation as an opportunity to grow and help others do the same.

8. Nurture the Spirit of Pagtutulungan

Pagtutulungan, or mutual help, is a deeply rooted Filipino value. It’s about assisting others without expecting anything in return, believing that collective efforts bring about greater results.

The spirit of pagtutulungan emphasizes unity and collaboration. In a world where individual success is often celebrated, this value reminds us that true achievement comes from lifting each other up.

Consider this: How can you collaborate with your classmates on a project or help those in your community? What initiatives can you start or join that emphasize mutual help?

Story: Carlos, a college student in Batangas, saw that many of his peers were struggling with online resources due to the pandemic. He initiated a resource-sharing platform where students could share books, notes, and materials, making academic resources accessible to all.

In moments of doubt, remember that unity is strength. When we work together, the impossible becomes achievable.

Being a good citizen isn’t just about individual acts but about fostering a sense of community, understanding, and mutual respect. The beauty of the Filipino spirit lies in its warmth, resilience, and unity.

9. Talk and Listen to Each Other

Talking and listening means sharing your thoughts and also hearing what others have to say. It’s like having a friendly chat where both sides get to speak.

By talking and really listening, we can understand each other better. It helps in solving misunderstandings and building friendships.

Think about this: Is there someone in school you haven’t really spoken to? Maybe it’s time to say hi and get to know them. And if there’s a group discussion, remember to listen as much as you talk.

Amina from Mindanao started a “Share-a-Story” day in her school. Everyone got a chance to tell a short story about themselves. It was fun, and many found new friends because they realized they had similar stories or interests.

Next time you’re with friends or in class, take a moment to really listen. You might learn something new or make a new friend!

10. Help Each Other Out

Helping each other, or “pagtutulungan”, is about giving a hand when someone needs it, even if they don’t ask. Imagine if everyone helped each other just a little bit – things would be so much easier!

When we all work together, bigger things can happen. Plus, it feels good to help and to be helped.

Think about this: Is there someone in your class who seems to be having a hard time with a subject you’re good at? Maybe you can offer to help them study. Or maybe your community needs volunteers for a project?

Carlos from Batangas noticed that some classmates didn’t have all the books they needed. So, he started a small group where everyone could share or borrow books. This simple act made everyone’s school life a bit easier.

Next time you see someone who might need a bit of help, don’t be shy. Offer a hand. When we all help out, great things happen!

Being a good student and friend isn’t just about getting good grades or being popular. It’s about understanding, helping, and caring for those around us. The cool thing is, when we all do our part, school and our whole community become a happier, friendlier place.

11. Be Honest, Always

Being honest means telling the truth, even if it might get you in trouble. It’s like when you accidentally break something and own up to it instead of hiding it.

Trust is like a special bond between friends. When you’re honest, people trust you more, and it makes your friendships even stronger.

Ask yourself: Have you ever been tempted to copy someone’s homework because you forgot to do yours? Next time, try asking them to explain it instead so you can learn and do it on your own.

Juan once found a lost phone at school. Instead of keeping it, he gave it to the school office. When the owner got it back, they were so thankful and became good friends with Juan.

Remember, it’s cool to be truthful. Being trusted is a great feeling!

12. Share and Celebrate Differences

Everyone is unique. Some of us like to dance, some like to draw, and others might love math. Celebrating differences means enjoying and learning from what makes each of us special.

Imagine if everyone was the same – it’d be pretty boring! Our differences make our school and community colorful and exciting.

Think: Do you know someone from a different part of the Philippines or who has different hobbies? Maybe you can ask them to teach you something new, or you can share something about yourself too.

Lina from Cebu taught her classmates a traditional Visayan dance, while they taught her some Tagalog songs. They had a great time exchanging and learning from each other.

Look around, find someone different, and learn something new. You’ll be amazed at the cool stuff you’ll discover!

Remember, school isn’t just about reading and writing. It’s a place where we learn about life, make friends, and grow up to be awesome people. Every small good thing you do makes a big difference.

13. Show Kindness Every Day

Kindness is like sharing a smile, helping someone pick up their books, or simply saying thank you. It’s the little things that make someone’s day brighter.

Kindness can spread like a good kind of virus. When someone is kind to you, you feel happy and want to be kind to others too.

Think: Can you do one kind thing every day? Maybe it’s complimenting a friend, or sharing your snacks, or even just listening to someone who needs to talk.

Maria saw that her classmate, Carlo, looked upset one day. Instead of walking past him, she sat with him and just listened. That simple act of kindness made Carlo’s day much better.

Challenge yourself to do one kind deed every day. It might be small, but it can make a big difference!

14. Be a Team Player

Being a team player is about working well with others. Whether it’s in sports, group projects, or games, it’s about doing your part and helping your teammates.

When everyone works together, things get done faster and it’s more fun. Plus, it’s a great way to make friends.

Ask yourself: Are you good at sharing ideas? Can you listen to what others have to say during group activities? Try to find ways to make everyone feel included.

During a group project, Jake noticed that Paolo was quiet. Instead of ignoring him, Jake asked Paolo for his ideas. Together, they came up with a super cool part of the project that everyone loved.

Remember, together is better. Next time you’re in a group, make sure everyone feels like a part of the team!

Every day at school is a new adventure. You get to learn, play, make friends, and so much more. By practicing these simple things, not only will you have more fun, but you’ll also help make your school a happier, friendlier place for everyone. So, keep shining and doing your best!

15. Respect Everyone

Respect is treating others the way you want to be treated. Whether it’s a teacher, a classmate, or the janitor, everyone deserves respect.

When you show respect, it builds trust and a positive environment. It makes school and other places nicer for everyone.

Think about it: Are there times when you might forget to say ‘please’ or ‘thank you’? Little gestures can show big respect.

When Ella noticed classmates leaving trash behind after lunch, she reminded them how hard the cleaners worked. The next day, the cafeteria was spotless.

Let’s make an effort! A simple ‘thank you’ or a nod can make a world of difference. Show respect, it’s cool!

16. Stay Curious

Being curious is about asking questions, wanting to learn new things, and always being eager to discover. Curiosity makes learning fun and exciting. It can turn a boring lesson into an amazing adventure.

Got a question? Don’t be shy, ask! Ever wonder how something works? Look it up or ask someone who might know.

Juan was always curious about stars. He asked his teacher, and together they started an after-school astronomy club. Now, many students enjoy stargazing!

Keep wondering, keep asking. The world is full of amazing things waiting for you to discover!

17. Be Responsible

Being responsible is about doing what you say you’ll do and taking care of your tasks, whether it’s homework, chores, or promises.

When you’re responsible, people can count on you. It shows you’re growing up and can handle bigger things.

Remember that project due next week? Start early. Promised to help a friend? Make sure you do.

Lara forgot to do her part in a group project once. She apologized and took responsibility. The next time, she finished her part early and earned back her group’s trust.

Show that you can be counted on! Whether it’s a small task or a big promise, always do your best.

School days are more than just lessons and tests; they’re about learning how to be the best version of ourselves. By practicing these habits, not only will you shine, but you’ll also help make school a great place for everyone.

18. Take Care of the Environment

Caring for the environment means not littering, recycling when you can, and looking after the nature around us. It’s about making sure our world stays beautiful and safe.

We only have one planet. If we take care of it now, it’ll be a better place for us and for future generations.

Think about the small things: Can you pick up trash if you see it? Maybe join a school club that focuses on the environment?

Marco and his friends noticed a lot of trash in their school’s garden. They started a cleanup drive every month. Soon, their garden looked beautiful, and other students joined in to help!

Let’s be planet heroes! Even small acts can help make our world cleaner and greener.

19. Stand Up Against Bullying

Standing up against bullying means not letting anyone get picked on or hurt, and speaking out if you see it happening.

Everyone deserves to feel safe and happy at school. When we stand against bullying, we’re making school a better place for everyone.

If you see someone being teased or bullied, can you help them? Maybe tell a teacher or an adult, or even just be a friend to the person being bullied.

Sam saw Mia being teased because of her glasses. He decided to wear funny glasses the next day to make her laugh and show that it’s okay to be different. Many others joined, turning it into a “fun glasses day”.

Let’s make school a no-bullying zone. Stand by your classmates and show them they’re not alone.

20. Be Grateful

Being grateful is about saying ‘thank you’ and appreciating the good things and people in your life.

Gratitude makes us happier and reminds us of the good in the world.

Can you think of something or someone you’re thankful for today? Maybe share your feelings with them?

Every night, Anna writes down three things she’s thankful for in a little journal. Over time, even on bad days, she always finds something positive.

Try Anna’s idea or simply say ‘thank you’ more often. It’s a small word with a big impact.

Your school journey is filled with lessons beyond the classroom. Each step you take helps shape the person you’ll become. So, always strive to be kind, caring, and the best version of yourself. Remember, every positive action makes school and the world a better place!

21. Embrace Patience

Patience is about waiting calmly, even when things don’t happen immediately. It’s understanding that some things take time.

Not everything will always go our way, and that’s okay. Being patient helps us handle challenges without getting too upset.

If something is taking longer than expected, like waiting in line or understanding a tricky subject, take a deep breath and remind yourself that it’s okay to wait.

Jolina was having a hard time mastering a new dance move. Instead of getting frustrated, she practiced a little bit every day. With patience and determination, she finally nailed it during the school performance!

When things get tough, remember Jolina. Take your time, and believe in yourself. You’ll get there!

22. Spread Positivity

Spreading positivity means sharing good vibes, cheering people up, and looking at the bright side of things.

A positive attitude can change the mood of a whole room. When you’re positive, it’s contagious, and it lifts everyone’s spirits.

Think: Can you compliment someone today? Or share a funny story or joke to make someone laugh?

Miguel had a simple goal: to make someone smile every day. Whether it was sharing a funny drawing or simply saying something kind, his positive energy became legendary in school.

Be like Miguel and spread happiness! A little positivity can turn someone’s day around.

School is more than just books and exams; it’s a journey of growth and self-discovery. Every act of kindness, every smile shared, and every hand extended in friendship leaves a mark. As students, you have the power to transform your school and community one good deed at a time.

So, step out there, be the change, and inspire others with your radiant positivity! 🌟

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Expats Guide: Becoming a Filipino Citizen

A citizenship is something someone is very proud of as this means certainty of membership in a community, political society and of course, the state. Citizenship is defined as the “state of being vested with the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen,” who is “a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community.”

There are foreigners who desire to apply for Filipino citizenship. This article will give details on what are the ways of legally becoming a Filipino Citizen.

Under Philippine Nationality Law, there are three bases on how to become a Filipino citizen:

1)  By Birth ( Jus soli ) – means that you’re an automatic Filipino citizen if you were born in Philippines soil or territory.

2) By Blood ( Jus sanguinis ) – means that you’re a Filipino citizen at birth by virtue of the nationality of your parent(s) (mother or father) who are Filipinos.

3) By Naturalization – means that under the Bureau of Immigration of the Philippines, a judicial act is done to adopt a foreigner and clothe him with the privileges of a native-born citizen. This also means that the foreigner will renounce his former nationality during the process.

Naturalization is the best option for foreigners who wanted to become Filipino Citizens. Under the Revised Naturalization Law of the Philippines (Commonwealth Act No. 473), these are the requirements that applicants or petitioners must comply:

• Must not be less than 21 years of age on the day of the hearing of the petition;
• Must have resided in the Philippines for a continuous period of not less than 10 years;
• Must be of good moral character and believes in the principles underlying the Philippine Constitution, and must have conducted himself in a proper and irreproachable manner during the entire period of his residence in the Philippines in his relation with the constituted government as well as with the community in which he is living;
• Must own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than P5,000, Philippine currency, or must have some known lucrative trade, profession, or lawful occupation;
• Must be able to speak or write English or Spanish or anyone of the principal languages;
• Must have enrolled his minor children of school age in any of the public or private schools recognized by the Bureau of Public Schools of the Philippines where Philippine history, government and civics are taught or prescribed as part of the school curriculum, during the entire period of the residence in the Philippines required of him prior to the hearing of the petition for naturalization as Philippine citizen.

However, under Section of 4 of the Revised Naturalization Law, the following persons cannot qualify for Filipino citizenship:

• Persons opposed to organized government or affiliated with any association or group of persons who uphold and teach doctrines opposing all organized governments;
• Persons defending or teaching the necessity or propriety of violence, personal assault, or assassination for the success and predominance of their ideas;
• Polygamists or believers in the practice of polygamy;
• Persons convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude;
• Persons suffering from mental alienation or incurable contagious diseases;
• Persons who during the period of their stay in the Philippines, have not mingled socially with the Filipinos, or who have not evinced a sincere desire to learn and embrace the customs, traditions, and ideals of the Filipinos;
• Citizens or subjects of nations with whom the Philippines is at war;
• Citizens or subjects of a foreign country other than the United States, whose laws do not grant Filipinos the right to become naturalized citizens or subject thereof.”

The routes of becoming a Filipino citizen:

1) The courts – if you are a foreigner who has married a Filipino then a judicial process will allow you to become a Filipino citizen.

2) The Office of the Solicitor General – the OSG has the power to approve petitions for naturalization. The processing fee is around P40, 000 or $800.

3) An act of congress – if you have made a significant contribution to public life in the Philippines, your application to become naturalized can be sponsored by a senator or congressman.

Philippine Citizenship through Marriage?

Many foreigners assume that marrying a Filipina will automatically entitle them a Filipino citizenship by virtue of their marriage. This is definitely wrong. Just like a Filipina marrying a US citizen for example, she does not automatically become a US citizen because of their marriage. The only advantage on this is that you are lessening the required number of years before you can apply.

As part of the requisites of Revised Naturalization Law mentioned above, you must live in the Philippines for 10 continuous years. And because you married a Filipino citizen, you only have to do so in 5 continuous years before you can apply.

However, this comes with a disadvantage. Under the Philippine law, you shall renounce your current citizenship as part of your Filipino citizenship application process. And most of the times, it is hard for foreigners, depending on your country’s laws, to re-acquire your citizenship.

Other Special Qualifications

Aside from being married to a Filipino man or woman, the ten years continuous residence shall be reduced to five years to petitioners having the following qualifications:

• Having honorably held office under the Government of the Philippines or under that of any of the provinces, cities, municipalities, or political subdivisions thereof;
• Having established a new industry or introduced a useful invention in the Philippines;
• Having been engaged as a teacher in the Philippines in a public or recognized private school not established for the exclusive instruction of children of persons of a particular nationality or race, in any of the branches of education or industry for a period of not less than two years;
• Having been born in the Philippines.

Petition for Citizenship

Applicants or petitioners wanting to acquire Philippine citizenship shall file with the Special Committee on Naturalization which is composed of Solicitor General as chairman, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, or his representative, and the National Security Adviser as members, a petition of five copies legibly typed and signed, thumb-marked and verified by the applicant, with the latter’s passport-sized photograph attached to each copy of the petition, and setting forth the following:

a) The petitioner’s name and surname, and any other name he/she has used or by which he/she is known;

b) The petitioner’s present and former places of residence;

c) The petitioner’s place and date of birth, the names and citizenship of his/her parents and their residences;

d) The petitioner’s trade, business, profession or occupation, and if married, also that of his/her spouse;

e) Whether the petitioner is single or married or his/her marriage is annulled. If married, petitioner shall state the date and place of his/her marriage, and the name, date of birth, birthplace, citizenship and residence of his/her spouse; and if his marriage is annulled, the date of decree of annulment of marriage and the court which granted the same;

f) If the petitioner has children, the name, date and birthplace and residences of his/her children;

g) A declaration that the petitioner possesses all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications under this Act;

h) A declaration that the petitioner shall never be a public charge; and

i) A declaration that it is the petitioner’s true and honest intention to acquire Philippine citizenship and to renounce absolutely and forever any prince, potentate, State or sovereign, and particularly the country of which the applicant is a citizen or subject.

Along with this, the application shall be accompanied by:

a) Duplicate original or certified photocopies of petitioner’s birth certificate;

b) Duplicate original or certified photocopies of petitioner’s alien certificate of registration and native born certificate of residence;

c) Duplicate original or certified photocopies of petitioner’s marriage certified, if married, or the death certificate of his spouse, if widowed, or the court decree annulling his marriage, if such was the fact;

d) Duplicate original or certified photocopies of birth certificates, alien certificate of registration or native born certificate of residence if any, of petitioner’s minor children, wherever applicable;

e) Affidavit of financial capacity by the petitioner, and sworn statements on the good moral character of the petitioner by at least two (2) Filipino citizens of good reputation in his/her place of residence stating that they have personally known the petitioner for at least a period of ten (10) years and that said petitioner has in their own opinion all the qualifications necessary to become a citizen of the Philippines and is not in any way disqualified under the provisions of this Act;

f) A medical certificate that petitioner is not a user of prohibited drugs or otherwise a drug dependent and that he/she is not afflicted with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS);

g) School diploma and transcript of records of the petitioner in the schools he attended in the Philippines. Should the petitioner have minor children, a certification that his children are enrolled in a school where Philippine history, government and civics are taught and are part of the curriculum; and

h) If gainfully employed, the income tax return for the past three (3) years.

Competent court

The exclusive jurisdiction to hear the petition is the Court of First Instance of the province in which the applicant / petitioner has resided at least one year immediately preceding the filing of the petition.

Guidelines during the Hearing of the petition

• No hearing of petitions within thirty days preceding any election.
• Hearing of petitions shall be made public, and the Solicitor-General, either himself or through his delegate or the provincial fiscal concerned, shall appear on behalf of the Commonwealth of the Philippines at all the proceedings and at the hearing.
• If, after the hearing, the court believes, in view of the evidence taken, that the petitioner has all the qualifications required by, and none of the disqualifications specified above, and has fully complied with all requisites, it shall order the proper naturalization certificate to be issued and the registration of the said naturalization certificate in the proper civil registry as required by the law.

Decree of Naturalization and Naturalization Processing Fee

Within 30 days from the receipt of the notice of the approval of his/her petition, the applicant shall pay to the Special Committee on Naturalization a naturalization fee of One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) payable as follows: Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) upon the approval of the petition and Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) upon the taking of the oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines, forthwith, a certificate of naturalization shall be issued.

Within 60 days from the issuance of the certificate, the petitioner shall take an Oath of Allegiance in the proper forum upon proof of payment of the required naturalization processing fee and certificate of naturalization.

If the applicant fails to take the Oath of Allegiance within the required period of time, this makes the approval of the petition deemed abandoned.

Effect of the naturalization on wife and children

• Any woman who is now or may hereafter be married to a citizen of the Philippines, and who might herself be lawfully naturalized shall be deemed a citizen of the Philippines.
• Minor children of persons naturalized under this law who have been born in the Philippines shall be considered citizens thereof.
• A foreign-born minor child, if dwelling in the Philippines at the time of the naturalization of the parent, shall automatically become a Philippine citizen, and a foreign-born minor child, who is not in the Philippines at the time the parent is naturalized, shall be deemed a Philippine citizen only during his minority, unless he begins to reside permanently in the Philippines when still a minor, in which case, he will continue to be a Philippine citizen even after becoming of age.
• A child born outside of the Philippines after the naturalization of his parent shall be considered a Philippine citizen, unless within one year after reaching the age of majority, he fails to register himself as a Philippine citizen at the American Consulate of the country where he resides, and to take the necessary oath of allegiance.

As many Filipinos would want to give up their citizenship in exchange of another one, all the while many foreigners dreamed of having a Filipino citizenship. A great irony it is!

The process of becoming a Filipino citizen may be expensive and tedious but if you’re really determined of becoming a Filipino citizen – experiencing the full rights and privileges of a citizen as well as its culture and tradition without stay restrictions – then the whole process and waiting period will be worth it.

Sources: http://www.chanrobles.com/commonwealthactno473.html#.WoTvioNubDc http://askthepinoy.blogspot.com/2011/01/feature-post-what-are-pros-and-cons-of.html https://www.slideshare.net/rizieljoanne/citizenship-23372651 http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9139_2001.html

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Philippine citizenship: From jus soli to jus sanguinis

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This is AI generated summarization, which may have errors. For context, always refer to the full article.

The recent Supreme Court decision on Grace Poe has made many legal minds raise the question of whether or not they still knew the law as they had learned it in law school. Although the High Court’s decision is acceptable to a majority of the electorate as a recent survey reveals, many lawyers find it hard to accept the decision, which they believe throws the book on citizenship out the window. For instance, that foundlings are presumed natural-born Filipinos is unprecedented. This case reminds us that citizenship is not a static, but rather a dynamic, political concept. New legislation may be enacted – such as, in 2003, RA 9225, “An Act Making the Citizenship of Philippine Citizens Who Acquire Foreign Citizenship Permanent” – which changes the rules of political membership. But the law need not be changed for a different reading to surface. The same law can be interpreted differently under a new set of circumstances. Today, we take it for granted that the Philippines follows the principle of jus sanguinis (law of the blood) to determine citizenship, but in the first half of the 20th century, the principle of jus soli (law of the soil) was once regnant. In fact, the 1899 Malolos Constitution enunciated jus soli as the principle of citizenship, declaring that Filipinos included “all persons born on Filipino territory.” Malolos was remarkably inclusive. However, the US military invasion of the Philippines truncated the Malolos Republic and left no opportunity to probe its tenets on citizenship before a court of law. The invention of Philippine citizenship came with the Philippine Bill of 1902, signed into law on July 1, 1902, to become the country’s “first organic act.” Section 4 stipulated that the “inhabitants” of the Philippine Islands who were Spanish subjects on April 11, 1899, the date when the Treaty of Paris was proclaimed as duly ratified by both Spain and the United States, became “citizens of the Philippine Islands” (unless one opted for Spanish nationality). Philippine citizenship was a direct successor to Spanish subjecthood. The diverse populations in the country at that time thus acquired Philippine citizenship, a political status they could pass on to their children – suggesting jus sanguinis as one of the means to determine Philippine citizenship.

The Supreme Court first enunciated jus soli citizenship in the case of Benito Muñoz, who was born in Camalig, Albay, on January 17, 1880. Muñoz was denied admission in January 1911 as he returned to the Philippines from China, where his Chinese father and Filipina mother had sent him when he was 11 years old.

Muñoz asserted he was a “native and citizen” of the Philippines and “presented satisfactory proof that he would have returned sooner to the Philippine Islands had it not been for certain financial difficulties, and that he had never intended to expatriate himself and had never taken any active steps to that end.”

The Court ruled on November 23, 1911, that Muñoz was a Philippine citizen. The Court also emphasized that Muñoz, who stayed in China for some twenty years until he was 31 years old, had the “honest” intention to return to the Philippines (“the animus revertendi existed”). Tranquilino Roa, who was born in Luculan, Mindanao, on July 6, 1889, was similarly denied entry as he returned to the Philippines from China in October 1910.

Roa’s father went to China in 1895 and died there 5 years later. His “Filipina” mother later sent him to China to study “and always with the intention of returning” to the Philippines, which he did in 1910 before he reached his 21st birthday.

In its October 30, 1912 decision, the Supreme Court declared Roa a citizen of the Philippine Islands “and never having expatriated himself, he still remains a citizen of this country.” We note that in these two cases, being in a foreign country did not mean expatriation. The Supreme Court’s decision on Roa’s case advanced an interpretation of Section 4 of the Philippine Bill that “the doctrine or principle of citizenship by place of birth which prevails in the United States was extended to the Philippine Islands, but with limitations.” The Court argued that Section 4 “must be read according to its spirit and intent….It is to be given that construction which best comports with the principles of reason and justice.” The Court cited approvingly a previous US Supreme Court decision that “no principle has been more repeatedly announced by the judicial tribunals of the country, and more constantly acted upon, than that the leaning, in questions of citizenship, should always be in favor of the claimant of it.” Following this principle, the Supreme Court of the Philippines espoused a compassionate reading of Section 4 of the Philippine Bill. It asserted that to construe this provision as preventing Roa’s return to the Philippines “would have the effect of excluding the appellant from his native country, from home and all that home means, from his mother, brothers, and sisters, and compel him to live in practically a strange country and among strange people.”

The Court suggested that, in addition to birth in the territory, personal sentiments and affection and familial ties were implicated in the principle of political belonging.

Wong Kim Ark The Filipino and American justices of the Supreme Court exemplified liberality throughout the period of US colonial rule. The case decisions indicate that they were drawing from the “activist” or “reformist” edge of the US Supreme Court, exemplified in its March 1898 decision on the case of Wong Kim Ark, born in San Francisco in 1873 of Chinese parents who, although legal migrants, were ineligible for naturalization. The Court’s recognition of Wong’s US citizenship contradicted the prevailing public sentiment and anti-Sinicism that were fueling the Chinese Exclusion Laws at the time. The landmark case of Wong Kim Ark exerted a powerful jurisprudential influence on the Philippine Supreme Court, its invocation made all the more stark by the parallel exclusion laws that immigrants confronted in both the Philippines and the United States. The force of this jurisprudence moved justices in the Philippines to uphold “the principles of reason and justice” by insisting on the extension of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Philippines as the spirit of the law. The High Court thus contradicted the earlier stance of the US Congress and the executive branch, particularly the Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department. In the convention that was called to draft the 1935 Constitution there was spirited debate on the two principles of citizenship. Advocates of jus sanguinis raised the specter of those born in the country of foreign parentage who would use Philippine citizenship to steal the “national patrimony.” One’s real political sentiments, it was believed, resided “in the blood,” which gave one a set of immutable personal as well as political characteristics. The 1935 Charter enshrined jus sanguinis .

Sea change The tide of legal opinion was undergoing a sea change, which would culminate in 1947, when the Supreme Court closed Tan Chong’s case. Records indicate that Jose Tan Chong was born in San Pablo, Laguna, in July 1915, of a “Chinese” father named Tan Chong Hong and a “Filipino” mother named Antonia Mangahis. His parents took him to China in 1925 when he was 10 years old, and he returned to the Philippines on January 25, 1940, when he was 24 years old. He was denied entry for being a Chinese citizen, a decision affirmed by the Secretary of Labor who ordered his deportation. On October 15, 1941 the Supreme Court – with an all-Filipino bench but still under US jurisdiction – affirmed the judgment of the lower court that Tan Chong, “having been born in the Philippines before the approval of our [1935] Constitution, of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother, is a Filipino citizen.” The Court also noted that Tan Chong’s delayed return to the Philippines was due to “his father [who] would not allow him to come, and he did not have the means to pay for his transportation back to the Philippines until the date of his return.”

A week after the Court issued its decision, the solicitor general filed a motion for reconsideration, contending that Tan Chong was not a citizen based on the laws at the time of his birth. The war intervened before the case could be resolved, destroying the records that had to be reconstituted in 1946. On September 16, 1947, the Supreme Court – now of the formally independent Republic of the Philippines – proceeded to resolve the prewar motion for reconsideration.

It admitted: “In a long line of decisions, this Court has held that the principle of jus soli applies in this jurisdiction.” But after providing a different reading of previous case decisions, it proceeded to assert, “While birth is an important element of citizenship, it alone does not make a person a citizen of the country of his birth.” Jose Tan Chong, then 32 years old, was declared not a citizen of the Philippines. One could only speculate that, had the case been resolved prior to the war, Tan Chong would have been declared a Filipino citizen. In 1947, the Supreme Court argued that the US tenet of jus soli embodied in the Fourteenth Amendment was never extended to the Philippines. It rendered a different reading of Section 4 of the Philippine Bill of 1902 as amended in 1912. Reinterpreting the same legal texts but in a different context, the Supreme Court abandoned jus soli . The book on citizenship that had been in use was thrown out of the window. Jus sanguinis has since been the regnant principle in Philippine citizenship. But as this highly condensed history suggests, invoking “the principles of reason and justice” does not occur in a vacuum. Whatever is deemed absolute about citizenship holds only for a given time and place. It is open to change given the predominating spirit of the times. – Rappler.com

Photo of Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr from the Ateneo de Manila University website Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr is professor in the Department of History and Project Director at the Institute of Philippine Culture (IPC), both in the School of Social Sciences, Ateneo de Manila University. An extended discussion may be found in Between the Letter and Spirit of the Law: Ethnic Chinese and Philippine Citizenship by Jus Soli, 1899-1947 published in Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 49, no. 3 (2011): 431–463.

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Citizenship in the time of pandemic

CAMP Aguinaldo—For the past three months, contemporary life as we know it has been turned upside down. Segments of our society were pushed to the edge in an unprecedented crisis that has exposed the deep crevasses in our society, particularly in our government institutions.

The spread of COVID-19 is a vicious test of the resilience of our government institutions, the capacity of the people in power to run this fragile system, and the capability of the Filipino people to make them accountable.

With local governments at the epicenter of government response, people saw how local executives performed (or underperformed) in response to the spread of the virus. Many are now convinced more than ever that able executives are crucial in responding to situations of great emergency.

In Metro Manila and other urban centers, these able executives utilized the autonomy granted them by the Local Government Code to make sure their constituents were safe not just from COVID-19, but more so from the ill effects of the mandatory quarantine. Unfortunately, not all local governments have these able executives.

On the other hand, the need for investments in mechanisms of public health that can easily be activated in situations of public health emergency has been highlighted. Efficient testing and contact tracing are two crucial elements in arresting the spread of a highly contagious pathogen, and it seems the health department can do so much better in this regard.

On a positive note, we have seen the primary asset of our society—a vibrant civil society—in action. Despite being locked up, the exercise of civil liberties was on display as citizens took to social media and observed every step the government took in trying to arrest the spread of COVID-19.

Moreover, we saw how sectors of civil society stepped up to help the government and those who were in need: big businesses mobilized their resources to provide assistance, religious organizations did what they could to help affected communities, a team of fashion designers designed reusable personal protective equipment for frontliners, and random Facebook groups popped up to help vulnerable groups such as jeepney drivers who had lost their source of livelihood due to the quarantine.

These initiatives, among many others, were a testament to the strength of our civil society.

The Asian Development Bank, in a policy brief published in 2013, named the Philippines’ civil society as “some of the most vibrant and advanced in the world… The basis for civil society comes from the Filipino concepts of pakikipagkapwa (holistic interaction with others) and kapwa (shared inner self). Voluntary assistance or charity connotes for Filipinos an equal status between the provider of assistance and the recipient, which is embodied in the terms damayan (assistance of peers in periods of crisis) and pagtutulungan (mutual self-help).”

Nevertheless, civil society and/or private sector cannot work on the pandemic fight alone. They need the government to be at the helm of effective decision-making to make sure that no efforts go to waste in fighting this invisible enemy.

Experts say this new normal could last up to two years until a vaccine is found. One thing that offers hope in this situation is the suggestion by one study that people’s tolerance for reckless government decision-making declines after a society emerges out of a pandemic.

Here’s hoping that Filipinos will remember the time when the COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc on their lives, as they cast their ballots in May 2022.

P2Lt. Jesse Angelo L. Altez is a member of the Corps of Professors, Armed Forces of the Philippines. He is a recipient of the Asian Development Bank-Japan Scholarship and obtained a master’s degree in public policy from the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo. The views expressed here are entirely his own and do not represent the position of the AFP.

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How I became a Filipino: A guide to naturalization for fellow foreignoys

"Ay! Nagta-Tagalog ka pala, na-nosebleed pa 'ko!"

That's the usual line I get when people speak to me in English and I respond in Filipino.

I would then have to explain that I wasn't really Filipino — even though I was born here (where jus soli — acquisition of citizenship through place of birth — is not in effect) and even though I speak the language fluently. Neither of my parents are Filipino and I'm not married, so aside from being Pinoy "sa puso, sa isip, sa salita at sa gawa," I still wasn't legally a Filipino.

That is, until now. After 26 years of breathing Philippine air (not to mention countless adobo recipe attempts), I am finally, legally, without a doubt, a Filipino citizen.

My year-long affair with the Office of the Solicitor General’s Special Committee on Naturalization (OSG-SCN) wasn’t a piece of cake. More than the actual exam and interview, the process itself from start to finish is the ultimate test of how much you want to be a Filipino citizen.

Before you embark on this long, rigorous process, here are some tips that might save you some time and effort. I did all of these without the help of lawyers (although you can hire one), fixers (please don't hire one), connections, or any kind of under-the-table negotiation.

SEPTEMBER 2014: Sana Dalawa ang Puso Ko

My dad had been nagging me for the longest time to inquire about the naturalization process that many of our fellow foreignoys had undergone and many of our immigration assistants are recommending we go through. This process will enable us to own property and businesses, to vote, to go out of the country without having to pay immigration, to travel to ASEAN countries without a visa, among other things.

Giving up my Indian citizenship seemed like I was revoking something I had neither fully understood nor utilized. I have been to my parents' homeland only three times thus far. (Of course "home" and "land" are up for discussion as my family has a history of migration after a portion of India decided to become Pakistan — the portion of which both my grandparents are from — but that's a different story.)

India does not allow dual citizenship but upon further research, I found that I was qualified to be an Overseas Citizen. The Indian culture is alive in our home and I will forever be in touch with my colorful roots.

In the end, the deciding factor to become Filipino was simple: I wanted to vote. I wanted to actively participate in a community where I felt I could really thrive and contribute the most — and I wanted to be able to do these without the technical and legal barriers.

Whatever your own reason may be, make sure to check first if you are qualified under Republic Act No. 9139 or the Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000. The application form costs P1,000 — the first of many payments you’d have to make in more or less a year.

OCTOBER 2014: Itanong Mo Sa Akin Kung Sino ang Aking Mahal

When it was my turn to pay for a clearance at the NBI head office in Manila, I remember the girl looking at my form and asking me: “Naturalization talaga? Gusto mo talaga maging Pilipino? (You really want to be Filipino?)”

At this point, I had asked a lot of people about the process but I didn’t know for sure if I was doing the right thing and just wished for the best. It took me about a month to compile all the clearances. So don’t waste time and get on with those applications right away.

Make sure you have access to a typewriter (and have ample supply of correction fluid) as the form needs to be typewritten before being notarized, thumb-marked and photocopied six times along with other requirements.

Pay attention to details in the requirements list such as getting two witnesses that you’ve known for at least 10 years and who live in your city (not region). They will also be called in for an interview when you get through to the next step.

The very friendly and patient SCN clerks Maricar and Angel will tell you if you have sketchy or questionable documents even before you formally file them and it is important that they are addressed right away to prevent further complications. At this stage, you’d have to shell out P39,000 — this is regardless if the committee will grant or deny your petition.

DECEMBER 2014: Walang Makakapigil Sa Akin

Your petition will be raffled off to a publication, where pertinent portions of your petition need to be published once a week for three consecutive weeks. Anyone with a valid reason can oppose your petition, so you'd want to have a clean record and no enemies.

You would have to transact directly with the broadsheet assigned to you. Prices may differ depending on the publication. Mine summed up to P68,238.

MARCH 2015: Wish I May, Wish I Might Find a Way to Your Heart

The SCN will gather your clearances from different government agencies. Oddly enough, I had to go through the National Statistics Office (NSO) on my own and pay an additional fee.

Afterwards, the SCN will call you individually for testing and interview you along with your witnesses. This made me nervous: How will you prove your Filipino-ness to a stranger in just a couple of hours?

My hand hurt from answering 10 seemingly simple essay questions that ranged from Philippine history to current issues to salawikain. The interview with the OSG lawyer assigned to my case was about what I had already written in my petition, the test I took, and other personal questions.

The waiting part after what I dubbed the "How Filipino Are You" trial is the most nerve-wracking part for me. My overthinking self got a bit paranoid: Did I say something senseless in the interview? Do I need to pay extra fees? What if they didn’t like me? I called the SCN office almost every week to ask for updates and even tweeted SolGen Florin Hilbay for good measure.

NOVEMBER 2015: Ang Tamang Panahon

I looked at Papa from across the room during my oath-taking ceremony and thought about how far he had come. He was in my position more than 35 years ago, pledging his loyalty to the Philippines as a permanent resident.

Back then, there was a quota per nationality of how many immigrants will be granted permanent residency status. He was one of the 50 lucky Indians that year. He tells me this story as if it were yesterday.

This might just be another legal process to some but this is a game changer for me and my family. There is nothing an immigrant wants more than a sense of permanence and something more than a figurative home.

Unfortunately, my oath taking came 10 days after the last day of voter’s registration so I will not be able to vote in the 2016 presidential polls. Nevertheless, I am already thinking of ways I can be more involved in my community.

For now, a huge weight has been lifted off my shoulders — not to mention a huge chunk off my bank account - P100,000! — but I’m not stopping here. I’m off to get my maroon passport.

Gayna Kumar is a member of the GMA News Social Media Team. She is in no way affiliated with the Office of the Solicitor General or the Special Committee on Naturalization.

If in need of guidance or words of encouragement, she may be reached at [email protected] or via Twitter @gaynakumar . For OSG-SCN concerns, contact (+63) 2 893-02-00 or (+63) 2 988-16-63 or visit 134 Amorsolo St., Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines.

Philippine Consulate General

The Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE CONSULATE GENERAL

New york, usa.

dual citizenship (ra 9225)

Republic act 9225 otherwise known as the citizenship retention and reacquisition act of 2003 (more popularly known as the dual citizenship law) enables former natural-born filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country to retain/reacquire their philippine citizenship by taking an oath of allegiance to the republic of the philippines before a philippine consular officer. upon retaining or reacquiring their philippine citizenship, they shall enjoy full civil, economic and political rights as philippine citizens..

TABLE  OF CONTENTS

How to Apply

Requirements for Principal Applicant

Requirements for Each Dependent Child (below 18 years old)

Petition for Inclusion of Dependent/s under RA 9225

Next Step/s After Issuance of Dual Citizenship Papers (For Principal and Dependent Child who is former natural born-Filipino)

Next Step/s After Issuance of Dual Citizenship Papers (For Dependent born in the US to parents who were already US citizens at the time of child’s birth)

Downloadable Forms

Dual Citizenship FAQ

Natural-born Filipinos are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. These are persons:

1. Born after January 17, 1973, whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines at the time of their birth; 2. Born before January 17, 1973 to a: a. Filipino father; or b. Filipino mother and that person elects Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.

Under the principle of derivative citizenship, unmarried children below eighteen (18) years of age, whether legitimate, illegitimate, or adopted, of former Filipino parents who retained/reacquired their Philippine citizenship under this law, may also be deemed Philippine citizens, if they are included as dependents in the parent’s application for retention/reacquisition of Philippine citizenship, and the requisite fees paid

HOW TO APPLY

Step 1. set up an appointment, step 2. proceed to the consulate on the appointment date and time, step 3. proceed to the consulate for interview/oath-taking on your booked appointment for the following:.

• Bring a printed copy of the email confirmation receipt/confirmation code;
• Bring original and submit two copies of required documents, including required photos;
• Payment: $50.00 – Payment should be in the form of cash, money order or cashier’s check payable to the Philippine Consulate General. Personal checks are not acceptable.

A. Two (2) Duly Accomplished Dual Citizenship Application Forms

Download an Adobe-fillable dual application form  here .

For instruction on how to fill out the form, please click here .

Applicant must not sign the application. This must be signed before a Consular Officer during your appointment.

B. PSA Birth Certificate (Mandatory) 

One original and two (2) photocopies of the Birth Certificate issued by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA or formerly National Statistics Office/NSO). 

If you do not have a PSA-authenticated birth certificate, you can order one online through http://www.psaserbilis.com.ph OR the applicant may wish to designate a representative to secure it from the PSA and send it via courier.

If there is no record of birth with the PSA, check first with the local civil registrar (LCR) where the birth took place.  If LCR birth record is available, the LCR should forward/endorse its copy to the PSA.  If LCR does not have a copy of applicant’s birth record, the applicant or his/her duly appointed representative may apply for late registration of birth at the local civil registrar at the place of birth.

The applicant should request for a PSA-authenticated birth certificate once the LCR have endorsed the applicant’s birth record to the PSA.

C. Latest Philippine Passport (if still valid and applicant is not able to present it, the Consulate requires a notarized affidavit of loss and police report)

Original and two (2) photocopies of the data page of latest Philippine passport.

D. PSA Marriage Certificate / US Marriage Certificate

Required for married women.  One original and two (2) photocopies.  Please see above on how to secure a PSA-issued document.

E. Death Certificate 

Required for widow.  One original and two (2) photocopies.

F. Divorce Decree or PSA Marriage Certificate with Annotation on Divorce

Required for applicant who has previous marriages or divorced. One original and two (2) photocopies

G. US Naturalization Certificate

Original and two (2) photocopies.

If the original is not available, applicant must obtain a digital copy from the US Citizenship and Immigrant Services (USCIS).

This can be requested through their website: www.uscis.gov/FOIA

H. Valid US Passport

Original and two (2) photocopies of the data page of the valid US passport. 

I. Applicant’s Photos

On appointment date, bring three (3) colored, identical 2″x 2″ photos, with plain white background. Applicant must not be wearing eyeglasses.

J. Notarized Affidavit of Explanation on How You Attained US Citizenship

Required for adult applicants who were included as dependents when their parent/s were naturalized. Attach to the affidavit a copy of your US Certificate of Citizenship (if available) and the US Naturalization Certificate of your parent/s. Click here to download affidavit.

REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH DEPENDENT CHILD (BELOW 18 YEARS OLD)

(Personal Appearance not necessary)

For minor children born in the US: (a) if the principal applicant was already a US citizen at the time of the birth, the child/ren should be included as dependents in the petition.

(b) If at least one parent was still a Philippine citizen when the child was born, there is no need to include them as dependents in the petition. Their birth has to be reported to the Consulate instead.

For reporting a birth of a child born under our jurisdiction, please click here: http://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/civil-registration/report-of-birth-of-a-filipino-abroad/

A. PSA Birth Certificate / US Birth Certificate

One original and two (2) photocopies of the Birth Certificate issued either by the PSA/NSO or US Vital Records. 

B. Latest Philippine Passport (if available)

C. us certificate of citizenship (if available).

Original and two (2) photocopies

D. US Passport (if available)

E. child’s photos.

On appointment date, bring three (3) colored, identical 2″x 2″ photos, with plain white background. 

$25.00 for each dependent – Payment should be in the form of cash, money order or cashier’s check payable to the Philippine Consulate General. Personal checks are not acceptable.

PETITION FOR INCLUSION OF DEPENDENT/S UNDER RA 9225

If the principal applicant already applied for dual citizenship and failed to include dependent children in the application, he/she may file a petition for inclusion of dependent children who are under 18 years of age and unmarried.

Requirements: 

• Duly accomplished Petition for Inclusion of Dependents Application Form  . To download the the form click here: newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Petition-for-Inclusion-of-Dependents-Under-RA-9225-1.pdf
• One (1) Original and two (2) photocopies of Petitioner’s Dual Citizenship papers (Oath of Allegiance, Identification Certificate, & Approval Order)
• Three (3) pieces of dependent child’s 2″ x 2″ photograph with white background taken not more than 3 months before the date of application.
• Two (2) pieces of principal’s 2″ x 2″ photograph with white background taken not more then 3 months before the date of application.
• Original and two (2) photocopies of dependent child’s birth certificate.
• Two (2) photocopies of dependent child’s valid foreign passport bio-page.
• Two (2) photocopies of petitioner’s valid passport bio-page and have the original passport ready for vetting.
• Two (2) photocopies of the child’s PH passport bio-page (for those born in the Philippines) and have the original passport ready for vetting.
• Payment: $25.00 for each dependent – Payment should be in the form of cash, money order or cashier’s check payable to the Philippine Consulate General. Personal checks are not acceptable.

The Consular Officer reserves the right to require additional documents from the informant or applicant when necessary.

Next steps after issuance of dual citizenship papers, 1. principal applicant and dependent child*.

*Dependent Child born to Filipino parent/s and became naturalized US citizen.

(Optional) Apply for Philippine passport.

As a dual citizen, it is not mandatory to apply for a Philippine passport.  You may use your US passport when travelling to the Philippines. You simply have to present your dual documents to the Philippine Immigration Officer as proof of Philippine citizenship, per the Bureau of Immigration’s  Operation Order No. SBM-2014-045 dated 30 September 2014  which is in force and still in effect.  Incoming Filipinos may present a valid PHL passport, Identification Certificate or a Certificate of Re-acquisition / Retention of PHL Citizenship to be admitted as Philippine citizens.  

Individuals who have just retained/reacquired their Philippine citizenship and who wish to apply for a Philippine passport will need to make a separate application and submit the requirements as specified in  “passport for dual or newly-registered PH citizens”.

Requirements for application for a new passport may be found here:    http://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/consular-services/

To secure an appointment for passport application, visit www.passport.gov.ph.

2. For Dependent Child**

**Born in the US whose parents were already US citizens at the time of child’s birth.

Report the birth to the appropriate Philippine Embassy/Consulate which has jurisdiction over the place of birth.

Click here for information about requirements and procedure in reporting the birth. 

Apply for a Philippine Passport

The child is eligible to apply for a Philippine passport immediately after reporting the birth to the appropriate Philippine Embassy or Consulate.

Click  here  for information about requirements and procedure in applying for Philippine passport. 

DOWNLOADABLE FORMS

• Dual Citizenship Application Form (Rev.2020)
• Petition for Inclusion of Dependents Under RA 9225

Dual Citizenship Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)

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Essay on Proud Of Being A Filipino

Students are often asked to write an essay on Proud Of Being A Filipino in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Proud Of Being A Filipino

Introduction.

Being a Filipino is a matter of pride. We are known for our warm hospitality, rich culture, and resilience. These traits make us unique and distinguish us from the rest of the world.

Rich Culture

Filipinos have a rich culture, influenced by various civilizations. Our traditional music, dance, and art reflect our diverse history. We celebrate festivals with joy and enthusiasm, showcasing our vibrant traditions.

Filipinos are known for their resilience. Despite facing natural disasters and challenges, we rise again with a smile. Our spirit of ‘Bayanihan’, or community cooperation, helps us overcome difficulties together.

Warm Hospitality

Our hospitality is world-renowned. We welcome guests with open hearts, treating them like family. This trait reflects our caring and loving nature.

250 Words Essay on Proud Of Being A Filipino

Filipinos are known for their vibrant culture, rich history, and strong values. Being a Filipino, I am proud of my heritage and the unique qualities that set us apart from the rest of the world.

Filipino Culture

Our culture is a colorful mix of influences from the East and West. We have our own music, dance, art, and food that are unique to us. We celebrate fiestas with joy, showcasing our love for life and community. Our traditions and customs are a true reflection of our strong spirit and resilience.

Rich History

The history of the Philippines is a testament to our strength and resilience. From our ancestors who fought bravely for our independence to the modern-day heroes who strive for progress, every Filipino has a story of courage and determination. This rich history makes me proud to be a Filipino.

Filipino Values

Being Filipino means embracing our core values. We are known for our “Bayanihan” spirit, which means helping each other in times of need. We value family above all, and we are known for our respect towards elders. Our sense of “kapwa,” or shared humanity, is a value that binds us together.

Being a Filipino is not just about the place of birth, it’s also about being part of a community with a unique culture, rich history, and strong values. It’s about being part of a nation that values unity, respect, and resilience. I am proud to be a Filipino because of these qualities that define us as a people.

500 Words Essay on Proud Of Being A Filipino

Rich history and culture.

The Philippines has a rich history and culture. Our ancestors fought bravely for our freedom. Their courage and love for our homeland are inspiring. We have a unique culture that is a mix of native traditions and influences from other countries. Our music, dance, art, and food reflect our rich cultural heritage. We celebrate many colorful festivals throughout the year. These celebrations showcase our traditions and bring us closer as a community.

Beautiful Natural Resources

Our country is blessed with stunning natural beauty. We have beautiful beaches, mountains, forests, and rivers. Our biodiversity is one of the richest in the world. We have unique plants and animals that are not found anywhere else. These natural resources are a source of pride for us Filipinos.

Friendly and Hospitable People

Resilience in the face of challenges.

Filipinos are resilient people. We face many challenges, such as natural disasters and economic difficulties. But we always find a way to overcome these challenges. We help each other and stay strong together. This resilience is a testament to our spirit as Filipinos.

Love for Family and Community

Family and community are very important to us Filipinos. We value our relationships with our family members and neighbors. We support each other in times of need. This strong sense of community and family ties makes us proud to be Filipinos.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Citizenship and Governance: Making a Difference in Philippine Politics

Course syllabus and modules for a course on citizenship and governance. Wrote this for DLSU-Manila but they are no longer using it. Might find some use here.

Related Papers

Grade: 12 Semester: 1st Semester Subject Title: Philippine Politics and Governance No. of Hours/ Semester: 80 hours Prerequisite (if needed): Subject Description: This course introduces the students to the basic concepts and vital elements of politics and governance from a historical-institutional perspective. In particular, it attempts to explain how the important features of our country's political structures/institutions, processes, and relationships developed across time. In the process, the course helps the learners gain a better appreciation of their rights and responsibilities as individuals and as members of the larger sociopolitical community to strengthen their civic competence.

Cleve V . Arguelles

This is an introductory survey course on the study of Philippine politics and government. The primary goal of this course is to equip students with an understanding of the development, organization, and operation of the Philippine political system. We will use a variety of analytical lens, including constitutional and comparative political perspectives, to examine the varied factors that shape governance in the Philippines.

Joycel Dotimas

Jones Liwan

This study focused on the concept of leadership and political engagement of students. Thus, it determined the respondents' conceptions of leadership and knew their current political engagement. Further, it determined the gaps between the notions about leadership and current political engagement of the respondents, which served as the basis for identifying the implications of the conceptions of leadership and current political engagement in teaching Philippine Politics and Governance. The study used an open-ended survey questionnaire, and the data gathered was analyzed with topical and thematic analysis. The students have knowledge and conceptions about leadership and the qualities and characteristics attributed to it. It was found that most of the students are engaged in elections, digital platforms, political discussion, and civic matters. Furthermore, gaps show that their political engagement does not reflect their conceptions of leadership and vice versa. What the students view and think is not the same as what they are doing or actualizing. Their concepts negate what they are engaged in. The existing gaps show that leadership conceptions and political engagement can be further improved by incorporating varying teaching-learning approaches aligned to the Philippine Politics and Governance curriculum.

Jennifer Caspe

Juna Babatu-on

Barbara Leigh

Dalam sejarah panjang dunia ini civics dan pendidikan kewarganegaraan di sekolah merupakan fenomena yang relatif baru. Ada dua faktor yang mengarahkan hal ini. Pertama adalah pertumbuhan negara-bangsa dan kedua adalah diperkenalkannya pendidikan untuk massa. Negara bangsa muncul di seluruh dunia dalam jumlah yang besar setelah akhir perang dunia kedua pada pertengahan abad ke dua puluh. Kekuasaan kolonial telah ditentang dan pergerakan kemerdekaan dilakukan atau mencapai kemerdekaan. Di Afrika, Amerika Latin, dan Asia ada peningkatan di sejumlah negara merdeka. Sebagian terbesar menjalankan bentuk pemerintahan demokratis. Mereka melaksanakan pemilu dan memiliki badan perwakilan. Semuanya memperkenalkan beberapa bentuk persekolahan bagi kebanyakan penduduk. Artikel ini membahas sejarah pendidikan yang didukung oleh negara di eropa. Di dalam konteks itu, dibahas civics dan pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Sekolah abad ke dua puluh satu dengan kemungkinan implikasinya bagi Pendidikan Kewa...

Mark Baildon

This paper redefined governance in Philippine perspective through an advocacy and citizen engagements of the student leaders on the prevention of the increased rate of teenage pregnancy in the Province of Capiz. It evaluates the challenges of student leaders volunteered in various activities. It shows the process of implementation of the Project SaveNeToy. The achievements of student leaders in volunteering are the enhancement of their skills, gained new networks, joy, and happiness, developing as a patriotic individual, and igniting the Bayanihan Spirit. The project implemented adopts a new perspective of governance through public and private partnerships, youth empowerment and stakeholder’s accountability through a sustainable project development and achieve the intended health outcomes of the community. Keywords—Volunteerism, citizen engagement, student leaders, governance, teenage pregnancy.

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The World is Our Playground and We Will Always be Home: Why Filipinos are in the Forefront of Global Citizenship

Why Filipinos are in the Forefront of Global Citizenship? The Filipino Diaspora was happening long before the term was even coined during the height of Overseas Filipino Workers’ deployment in the late 1970s and early 1980s.  From the pre-Spanish times where, navigational pilots helped traders from China to navigate through Southeast Asia, up to today’s welders in Riyadh or Eastern Siberia, the Filipinos have made a mark as one of true global citizen.

According to the results of the 2016 Survey on Overseas Filipino Workers conducted by The Philippine Statistics Authority, there are 2.2 million Filipinos working outside the country as contract workers. This is a headcount exclusive of those Filipinos who have chosen to migrate to another country – but all the same becoming ambassadors of goodwill in their adopted lands and making the Filipino professional and skilled workers known as a people of exceptional skill.

This has led to a vibrant overseas recruitment industry –  the keepers of the doorsteps to the Filipino job market.  The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) is the main government agency tasked to regulate the recruitment industry in the country.  This means that all foreign employers are required to be accredited at the POEA, all candidates are to be certified, and all recruitment agencies must bear a legitimate license.  The POEA ensures that as we send our compatriots to foreign countries that we bring nothing but the best of our people.

It can be argued that this has really left that indelible mark among human resources professionals that when it comes to staff augmentation, the best recourse if the local population will not be able to supply the needs, is to look towards the Philippines.  Overall, it has become beneficial to all concerned – the host country gained the skills that Filipinos brought with them, the employers met their objectives, and the contracted Filipino workers were able to gain experience and pursue greater heights for their own careers.

If we can sum up, why Filipinos are in the forefront of Global Citizenship, we can say the following:

1.           Filipinos have an educational system that thinks global.  This has generated student graduates who know that the horizon ahead of them is not limited to the shores of the archipelago, but the world is their playground.  This has also made most Filipinos to be bilingual speakers.

2.           Filipinos are highly skilled.  Be it the aviation industry or hospitality industry, Filipinos are known to have been on the leading edge of the talent pool.

3.           Filipinos are very adaptive.  You visit Filipinos in Germany, Saudi Arabia, or Japan, and you will find them assimilating easily into the local culture.  Filipinos never have a mentality of “Us vs. Them.”

4.           Filipinos are hardy.  Whether they are in a 50-degree Celsius project site in the middle of the desert, or in freezing temperatures in Siberia, they stick to the job.

5.           Filipinos are naturally service oriented.  This is truly a trait that Filipinos are proud of.  We take care of our customers as if they are guests at our own home.

Now that you know why Filipinos are in the cutting-edge of global citizenship, hire one now with Rensol Recruitment. Be our partner!

For more information on how to conduct a recruitment campaign in the Philippines, please connect with our Business Development Team at [email protected] . We will be ready to sit down with you and understand your concerns and configure a recruitment plan to ensure better success.

ABOUT THE COMPANY: Rensol Recruitment and Consulting, Inc. is the fastest growing recruitment agency in The Philippines. A career consultant that aims to go above and beyond the level of expectations of both the aspirations of the candidates and the dream team standards of employers through providing exceptional opportunities and unparalleled quality-driven recruitment services.

Karlo is the resident chief revenue and brand strategist. He is passionate about making a difference in people’s lives. Whether it is in the workplace or in his community, he believes that we are always given an opportunity to impact others for the better. He brings with him 16 years of Business Development and Operations experience from the engineering, design, and international recruitment industries.

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Senators pave way for Filipino dual citizens to be faculty, administrators in public HEIs

• BusinessMirror
• August 17, 2024
• 2 minute read

TWO solons have jointly filed a bill that could allow Filipinos with dual citizenship to join public higher education institutions (HEIs) as faculty, researchers, or administrators.

Sen. Sherwin Gatchalian and Sen. Joel Villanueva’s Senate Bill 2733, which is an amendment of Section 5 (3) of Republic Act (RA) 9255, or the “Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003,” aims to enable individuals who retain and reacquire their Philippine citizenship to be appointed as researchers, faculty, or administrators of public higher education institutions (HEIs) without having to renounce a previous oath of allegiance to another country.

Under RA 9255, those who retain or reacquire their Filipino citizenship can be appointed to public office—provided that they swear an oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines, and renounce a prior oath of allegiance to another country.

While the move opened opportunities, it still poses a restriction to those who want to serve as faculty, researchers, or administrators in the country’s HEIs, but still need to renounce the oath they took to another country.

For Gatchalian, removing this restriction will create a pool of internationally competitive faculty members, as he added that it will help address issues on the global ranking of public HEIs and declining inbound faculty.

The Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World University Rankings use the international faculty ratio as one of the criteria for the assessment and ranking of universities. The weightage of international faculty, which excludes visiting professors, is equivalent to 2.5 percent.

Appointing foreign faculty will help increase the enrollment of international students and improve the world rankings of public HEIs, the senator pointed out.

Gatchalian, who is a co-chair of the Second Congressional Commission on Education, and heads the Senate Committee on Basic Education, said in Filipino that, in the midst of the country’s continuing advancement in the education sector, it is timely to open public colleges and universities to compatriots with dual citizenship.

This, he said, will be an opportunity to augment the number of teachers who are ready to impart their knowledge and experience from other countries.

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Prosecutors seek detention for Pentagon employee charged with mishandling classified documents

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ALEXANDRIA, Va. (AP) — A judge ruled Tuesday over prosecutors’ objections that a Defense Department civilian employee who is a U.S.-Turkish dual citizen can remain free on home detention while he awaits trial on accusations he mishandled classified documents.

Gokhan Gun, 50, of Falls Church, was arrested Friday outside his home and charged with mishandling classified material.

When he was arrested, Gun was on his way to the airport for trip to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, according to an FBI affidavit. He was carrying papers including a document that was marked Top Secret.

Gun told authorities he was going to Mexico on a fishing trip. Prosecutors say he agreed to a search of his home. Inside they found other classified documents.

At a detention hearing Tuesday in federal court in Alexandria, prosecutors asked that Gun remain jailed while awaiting trial. They said they may bring additional charges, including possible charges under the Espionage Act, if the ongoing investigation can prove that he not only mishandled classified documents but sought to disseminate documents relevant to the national defense to a foreign power.

Assistant U.S. Attorney Anthony Rodregous said the fact that Gun was arrested carrying classified documents, as well as his intelligence-community credentials, on the way to the airport for a purported Mexican fishing trip was circumstantial evidence of his intent to distribute the documents.

“You don’t need your intelligence-community credentials to go fishing,” Rodregous said.

But U.S. Magistrate Judge Ivan Davis said it was “too far of a leap” to assume that his trip to Mexico was connected to his mishandling of documents. He said until the government provides stronger evidence, the case is no different than any other classified-documents case and the presumption is that Gun should be free while he awaits trial.

Despite Davis’ ruling, it appears unlikely Gun will go free any time soon. Prosecutors indicated they will appeal Davis’ ruling to a district court judge, and as a result Davis delayed implementing his order.

Davis also required that Gun be subject to home detention and GPS monitoring if and when he is released pretrial.

Gun is a electrical engineer with the Joint Warfare Analysis Center and has worked there since September. He holds a Top Secret security clearance.

In court papers, prosecutors say he printed out classified documents at his office, often late in the day when co-workers had left, and took them home.

He was born in Turkey and became a U.S. citizen in 2021, according to court papers. In the past 20 years, he has taken 15 overseas trips, including seven trips to Turkey, where his parents live, according to the affidavit.

Gun’s attorney, Rammy Barbari, declined comment after Tuesday’s hearing.

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Britain’s Violent Riots: What We Know

Officials had braced for more unrest on Wednesday, but the night’s anti-immigration protests were smaller, with counterprotesters dominating the streets instead.

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By Lynsey Chutel

After days of violent rioting set off by disinformation around a deadly stabbing rampage, the authorities in Britain had been bracing for more unrest on Wednesday. But by nightfall, large-scale anti-immigration demonstrations had not materialized, and only a few arrests had been made nationwide.

Instead, streets in cities across the country were filled with thousands of antiracism protesters, including in Liverpool, where by late evening, the counterdemonstration had taken on an almost celebratory tone.

Over the weekend, the anti-immigration protests, organized by far-right groups, had devolved into violence in more than a dozen towns and cities. And with messages on social media calling for wider protests and counterprotests on Wednesday, the British authorities were on high alert.

With tensions running high, Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s cabinet held emergency meetings to discuss what has become the first crisis of his recently elected government. Some 6,000 specialist public-order police officers were mobilized nationwide to respond to any disorder, and the authorities in several cities and towns stepped up patrols.

Wednesday was not trouble-free, however.

In Bristol, the police said there was one arrest after a brick was thrown at a police vehicle and a bottle was thrown. In the southern city of Portsmouth, police officers dispersed a small group of anti-immigration protesters who had blocked a roadway. And in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where there have been at least four nights of unrest, disorder continued, and the police service said it would bring in additional officers.

But overall, many expressed relief that the fears of wide-scale violence had not been realized.

Here’s what we know about the turmoil in Britain.

Where arrests have been reported

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Who plays Emily, Sylvie, Gabriel and Camille in 'Emily in Paris'? See full Season 4 cast

The 2024 Paris Olympics may have wrapped up, but summer is far from over and the next Parisian adventure awaits with the new season of Netflix's much-loved (and sometimes hated) "Emily in Paris."

Part 1 of Season 4 of the Netflix comedy dropped Thursday with the first five episodes, and it has been nothing short of chaotic. Let's just say, Emily has a lot going on in her life.

Series creator  Darren Star had earlier told Netflix's Tudum  viewers can expect "new characters, a lot more drama, (and) romance," in the upcoming season.

“Emily finds herself with a busy travel schedule in Season 4 of 'Emily in Paris,'" Star had said. "From the French Alps to the piazzas of Rome, viewers will vicariously experience amazing new locations through Emily’s eyes. Expect new characters, a lot more drama, romance, and a whole new language to try and master.”

At the same time, Star, in an interview with USA TODAY said characters this season "have gotten more grounded and complex as well."

Darren Star Interview: How 'Emily in Paris' gets serious with a 'complex' Me Too story

Take a look at this season's cast and meet the characters in Emily's world.

Lily Collins as Emily Cooper

The namesake of the show, Emily Cooper, the American in Paris is described by Netflix as a "marketing whizz," who somehow always has the best ideas. The show revolves around Emily and her exciting life and adventures in Paris, including her love triangle with Gabriel and Alfie.

Lucas Bravo as Gabriel

Gabriel is a local chef, who took the leap and opened his own restaurant in Season 2, of course with Emily's help. By the end of Season 3, his new restaurant has won a Michelin Star. While he appears to be killing it professionally, his personal life is a bit of a mess. The man is torn between two women: long-time girlfriend Camille (also pregnant with his child) and Emily, who he fell in love with at first sight, as Camille says when she leaves him at the altar.

“These are two characters who are star-crossed lovers,” Star said about Emily and Gabriel in an interview with Tudum for Season 3. “They have a lot of passion for one another. They have things that are getting in their way, but, at the same time, I feel like every season, in a strange kind of way, their relationship deepens.”

Lucien Laviscount as Alfie

Alfie, Emily's other love interest, is an English banker who was introduced in Season 2. Emily met him during French classes and things between the two escalated pretty quickly. At the end of Season 2, Alfie is supposed to be moving back to London, given his project in Paris has ended. However, Antoine hires Alfie as his CFO and Alfie ends up staying in Paris. By the end of Season 3, things turn sour between the couple when Camille announces she's not marrying Gabriel because he's been in love with Emily ever since he saw her.

Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu as Sylvie Grateau

Sylvie was Lily's no-nonsense boss at Savoir before she left the company and formed her own marketing firm Agence Grateau. However, soon after, Lily left Savoir herself and followed Sylvie to her new firm.

Ashley Park as Mindy Chen

Emily's best friend in Paris, Mindy is an aspiring singer of Chinese-Korean descent. She is also the heiress to a business magnate in Shanghai from whom she is estranged. By the end of Season 3, Mindy and her band compromising of ex-boyfriend Benoît and Étienne are heading to Eurovision as France’s official representatives.

Camille Razat as Camille

Gabriel's on-and-off girlfriend and eventually fiancé, Camille is the daughter of a pair of French champagne company owners. While Emily and Camille instantly became friends after meeting at a coffee shop, they friendship has been a bumpy ride given their feelings for Gabriel.

Samuel Arnold as Julien

Julien is Emily's dramatic co-worker, who she worked with at Savoir and later at Agence Grateau.

Bruno Gouery as Luc

Luc is Emily's quirky co-worker. His girlfriend is a Michelin reviewer.

William Abadie as Antoine Lambert

Owner of luxury perfume company Maison Lavaux, William is Emily client. He also has had a long relationship with Sylvie.

Paul Forman as Nicolas De Leon

Nicolas is the son of Louis de Leon, owner of luxury conglomerate JVMA and Agence Grateau’s new client. Nicolas and Mindy went to boarding school together in Switzerland and the two started dating in Season 3 after Mindy broke up with bandmate Benoît (Kevin Dias).

Saman Shafiq is a trending news reporter for USA TODAY. Reach her at [email protected] and follow her on X and Instagram @saman_shafiq7.