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An analysis of John F Kennedy’s Moon speech

JFK’s speech delivered in 1962 at Rice University in favour of the Apollo programme. Is in my opinion one of the best political speeches of the 20 th century. There is a lot that can be learnt from this speech.

As I mentioned in a previous blog post , this speech is a very good example of a speech with a clear purpose and a clear objective. The purpose of this speech is to persuade the audience that going to the Moon is a worthwhile endeavour. The objective is to make listeners see the Moon programme as the next step’s in mankind journey of progress. The objective is to be accomplished using all three components of tradition oratory, Ethos, Logos and Pathos.

JFK's speech at Rice University

Ethos is all about credibility and ethics. JFK’s opens right off the bat with references to the location of the speech to establish some rapport with the audience. He then establishes his mastery of the subject by taking the listeners on a whirlwind tour of scientific progress. Millenia of human history are condensed into just 50 years which is the lifespan of an average person. The following sentence:

“Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available. Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America’s new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.”

Is masterful as it makes discoveries that everybody takes for granted look like recent achievements. It also concludes with reaching the stars which is a handy link to the speech’s topic.

Logos refers to logical arguments and facts. This part of the speech will appeal to logical minds. A lot of the timeline referred to earlier does appeal to the audience on a logical level. But the speech also includes a very factual assessment of the challenges of space flight.

“But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour.”

This whole paragraph explains the technical challenges associated with the Saturn V rocket. Facts are kept to a minimum and explained in a simple language. Two analogies feature pre-eminently too. The first one compares the height of the rocket to the length of a football field. The second ones compare the systems engineering of the rocket with a fine watch. To me though, the most masterful factual sentence of the speech is this one:

“That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year–a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year.”

While smoking was very common in the early 1960s the dangers of tobacco were already known back then. This sentence reduces the space programme to a matter of priorities, discovering a new frontier or indulging oneself.

Pathos is all about appealing to emotions and building a bond with the audience. JFK’s uses a number of techniques to take the audience on an emotional journey with him. The first one is to refer to himself and the audience as ‘we’. In fact, the word ‘we’ is used 46 times throughout the speech. That’s over 2% of the speech’s word count! Everybody is playing a part in this journey into space and the great endeavour will need everybody’s contributions.

Another way in which the speech appeals to emotions is through the use of imagery. Moreover, said imagery refers to symbols that will incite positive feelings in the audience’s minds.  

“Only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war.”

Losing leadership and not embarking on this journey might mean losing the peace and space becoming a warzone.

“We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills.”

This sentence is strengthened by the use of repetitions. The goal is hard and worthy but this sentences also portrays it as a test of energies and skills. This is a subtle challenge to the audience and also an invitation to set asides rivalries towards achieving a common goal.

Persuading with power

Watching a video of the speech provides a few clues regarding its delivery. JFK used s ascript to delivery this speech mainly read from it, making eye contact with the audience for about half of the time. The speech lasted for less than 20 minutes and the pace of speaking was only about 120 words per minute. This is an ideal speaking rhythm for projecting authority. It also provides plenty of time for the audience to absorb the speech as it is delivered. Specific emphasis is given to key words as “doing it right and doing it first.” Eye contact is spread across the audience, which is challenging given the huge size of the audience present.

rhetorical analysis jfk moon speech

All in all, this speech is a fine example of a great persuasive speech. Back in the day it wasn’t broadcasted live or widely shown. But it would have a similar impact if delivered today with only minor edits to give reference points to present-day audiences.  

Persuasive speeches can be difficult to get right and are sometimes confused with inspirational speeches. If you too are looking to persuade with power, get in touch with me and let’s craft a speech together.

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Thanks alot for the analysis. Really appreciate your viewpoint on this great speech.

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Rhetorical analysis of choosing to go to the moon "and do the other things".

Skyler M. Kona Follow

On September 12, 1962, president John F. Kennedy visited Rice University in Houston, Texas, and delivered what is commonly known as one of the most iconic speeches in American history. The speech, titled “Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort”, but more widely known as “We Choose to go to the Moon”, was an attempt to gain further support for the nation's efforts in the Space Race against the Soviet Union. In his speech, Kennedy uses various techniques in order to further boost the audience's understanding of the situation, as well as, crucially, inspiring them to lend their support to these efforts. The speech today is seen as a symbol of victory, given that since then, America has successfully landed the first astronauts on the Moon, but at the time the speech was given, it was difficult to gain public support while the nation was losing the Space Race. This paper is an examination on the rhetoric of the speech, and why it worked well.

https://youtu.be/XUVg8pipYTg

JFK, John F Kennedy, Moon Landing, Rhetoric, Rice University, We Choose to go to the Moon

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Home — Essay Samples — Government & Politics — John F. Kennedy — Rhetorical and Literary Devices of John F. Kennedy’s Speech

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Rhetorical and Literary Devices of John F. Kennedy's Speech

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Published: Sep 4, 2018

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Works Cited

  • Brinkley, A. (2012). John F. Kennedy: The American Presidents Series: The 35th President, 1961-1963. Henry Holt and Company.
  • Carver, R. (1994). JFK's inaugural address: Literary masterpiece. The English Journal, 83(1), 17-24.
  • Dallek, R. (2003). An unfinished life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963. Little, Brown and Company.
  • Divine, R. A., Breen, T. H., Fredrickson, G. M., & Williams, R. H. (2017). America: Past and present. Pearson.
  • Garthoff, R. L. (1994). Foreign intelligence and the historiography of the Cold War. Diplomatic History, 18(2), 159-171.
  • Kennedy, J. F. (1962). Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort. Retrieved from https://www.jfklibrary.org/archives/other-resources/john-f-kennedy-speeches/rice-university_19620912
  • Lewis, J. (1997). The American space program: A historical perspective. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Logevall, F. (2012). Embers of war: The fall of an empire and the making of America's Vietnam. Random House.
  • Morrison, P. (2013). Cold War on the airwaves: The radio propaganda war against East Germany. University of Illinois Press.
  • Schlesinger, A. M., Jr. (2002). A thousand days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

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rhetorical analysis jfk moon speech

Rhetorical Analysis Of Jfk Moon Speech

rhetorical analysis jfk moon speech

Show More Rhetorical Analysis – JFK Moon Speech Dreaming of being on the moon, President John F. Kennedy approached the podium on September 12th, 1962 at Rice University in Houston, Texas to inspire his audience of scientists, researchers and professors, while acknowledging he was talking to America as a whole. Kennedy composed a moving speech to inspire America, in the context of “The decision to go to the moon.” This speech utilized rhetorical strategies such as alliteration, metaphors, and rhetorical questions to influence the American public and others listening to instill the same desire that Kennedy had to accomplish the lofty goal of landing on the moon before the decade ran out. John F. Kennedy delivered his speech effectively, but his background …show more content… These statements strongly correlate to ethos with the credibility they gave. He explored and referenced credible sources from Newton’s assessment of gravity. He noted that just the month before his speech advanced forms of technology including, electric lights, automobiles, telephones, and airplanes were all available. He also mentioned that penicillin, television and nuclear power were available just a week before his speech. He emphasized the recent developments in technology and the short time frame they had all become available as evidence that America was ready to take on this new challenge of landing on the moon. A journey to the moon during this time period was no easy task, but that’s a big part of the reason why he wanted to do it and prove to not only the people of the United States but to everyone around the world that America was capable of this journey. He articulates that, “To be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight. But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead.” (Kennedy, John). Kennedy thought if the United States was able to successfully land on the moon before the end of the decade, it would not only benefit the government, but it would also open many job opportunities and help stabilize the economy through finance and education. He stressed …show more content… Kennedy noted in his speech that the United States was at a content spot in time but expressed his desire to expand technology and education. He knew accomplishing a task that required so much knowledge and innovativeness would open up new doors for the United States, some that were previously thought to be impossible. Kennedy makes a metaphor of taking a new path in the right direction to lead us to new information, “we set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people” (Kennedy, John) but none of that could happen if we are not presented with the opportunity to approach new things to accomplish in our path. He brought this up knowing it would boost the confidence of his audience, and inspire them with the opportunities that landing on the moon could bring. He ended his speech by recalling a statement from George Mallory, who climbed Mount Everest. When he asked Mallory why he decided to climb the mountain, he replied with, “because it was there.” When he made this connection, it reminded me of the beginning of his speech, where he talked about making a change, a challenge, and conquering both of them is a part of the human spirit. As such, conquering the challenge of landing on the moon is part of the American spirit. This quote from George Mallory ties all of his

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Rhetorical Analysis Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy's Speech

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Junior’s, speech at his inaugural address in 1961 is undeniably a masterpiece of the persuasive arts. Although the speech is short as such speeches go, and although its main persuasive device is pathos alone, the masterful skill with which Kennedy’s speech is written makes it one of the most moving and effective political speeches to date. Kennedy’s vivid use of diction and metaphor, as well as his extremely memorable syntax, are particularly strong and successful. Every intelligent debater, speech-writer, and generally argumentative person knows that there are three main techniques which can be used to manipulate an audience and engage them in the speaker’s topic and purpose: ethos, logos, and pathos.

Rhetorical Analysis: Kennedy's Inaugural Speech

Oziel Rios S. Nambiar English 1302. SP3 12 February 2018 Kennedy Inaugural Address Rhetorical Analysis On Friday, January of 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered a speech to the citizens of the United States of America and the world. Kennedy made a speech that he knew would be remembered for many years to come even after his presidential term.

Rhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedy's Inauguration Speech

John F. Kennedy’s was known as a very patriotic person, and that would raise the question why. Well, the answer can simply be found in his inauguration speech. He gave the speech to bolster the fighting spirit and act as an inspiration for the Americans. How he does this is interestingly simple by smart actually. He used a plethora of stylistic devices extensively in his speech.

President Kennedy's Moon Speech Summary

President Kennedy’s moon speech at Rice University came at a time of high uncertainty regarding technology and the threat of war. Kennedy’s emotive speech aimed to lift and inspire those who feared the worst and to encourage the population to grow and achieve their greatest potential. The ‘moon speech’ will be analysed by uncovering key components of the speech that created a lasting impression on the authors of this report. It is important to firstly explore and identify the traits and attributes of leadership exhibited by President Kennedy in this speech. Additionally, a discussion amongst group members will be necessary to ascertain how and why this speech was inspiring, and whether this speech could be considered as the greatest speech

We Choose To Go To The Moon Speech Analysis

Our Journey to the Moon On September 12, 1962 President John F. Kennedy gave a speech in Houston, Texas at Rice Stadium. This 18 minute long speech was made to convince the people of the United States as to why we should go to the moon. The “We choose to go to the Moon” speech was written by both John F. Kennedy and his speech writer, Ted Sorensen (Press). The purpose behind this speech was to gain America’s support and to get everyone on board with the idea of space exploration. The reason for the embarkment of space exploration was due to the ongoing space race between the U.S. and the USSR.

Rhetorical Analysis Of Robert Kennedy's Speech

Robert Kennedy’s speech was given during a campaign rally in 1968, he broke the news to a crowd of supporters that MLK had been killed. This speech was analyzed through a PDF copy of the text. The purpose of RFK’s speech is to inform the audience of MLK’s death, create a sense of comfort and calmness. RFK includes a quote from the poet Aeschylus

Rhetorical Analysis Of Jfk Moon Speech

On September 12, 1962, at Rice University in Houston Texas, John F. Kennedy gave a powerful speech to garner support for the funding of the space race for the USA. He stated the importance of putting a man on the moon before the end of the decade in its efforts against the Soviet Union and the expectation was met in 1969 by the astronaut Neil Armstrong. His speech forged a new path that the US was heading and inherently started the revolution of the exploration of outer space. Kennedy’s “Moon Speech” makes use of ethos and Kairos to persuade the people of America to become interested in and invest in the ongoing space race. A very important factor in JFK’s speech was his effective use of rhetoric, notably ethos, which he used to make himself become more believable and authoritative.

Rhetorical Analysis Of JFK Gone To The Moon Speech

Rhetorical Analysis on JFK Gone to the Moon Speech The Gone to the Moon Speech was written by John F. Kennedy and announced on the day of May 25, 1961. The speech was given the title Gone to the Moon because Kennedy wanted the first man to be sent to the moon and surface the moon in achievement. It was the foundational standpoint for technology to advance. JFK uses logos, ethos, and pathos to relay his statement in a unique way to connect with the audience.

More about Rhetorical Analysis Of John F Kennedy's Moon Speech

Related topics.

  • Space exploration
  • United States
  • Soviet Union

The Space Race, a Rhetorical Analysis

A rhetorical analysis of presidential speeches given during the space race and modern eras.

Thursday, February 26, 2015

Audience in jfk's speech, 2 comments:.

rhetorical analysis jfk moon speech

I agree with your analysis of the audience being students from Rice University, but I think you should talk more about the audience in a larger sense (all Americans). How did he appeal to those watching on television/listening to him on the radio?

You did a great job mentioning university students as the target audience and how they embrace a patriotic mindset that supports space exploration. I think you could also discuss the other perspectives including the older American public that watched the speech. Those people may have more conservative and traditional views that might not have agreed with the innovative perspectives.

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  1. Rhetorical Analysis Of Jfk Moon Speech

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  2. JFK's moonshot speech is still one of the most inspiring speeches ever delivered by a president

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  3. Rhetorical Analysis Activity: JFK Moon Speech (1962) by Strategic Teacher

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  4. The Decision to Go to the Moon Speech by JFK Rhetorical Analysis and Test

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  5. The Decision to Go to the Moon Speech by JFK Rhetorical Analysis and Test

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  6. The Decision to Go to the Moon Speech by JFK Rhetorical Analysis and Test

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VIDEO

  1. Kennedy's Moon Speech #history

  2. Missing speech analysis: JFK televised address to the nation June 11th 1963

  3. On This Day In History: We Choose To Go To The Moon! #onthisdayinhistory #JFK

  4. 9.1 John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, 1961

  5. September 12, 1962

  6. JFK's Bold Moon Speech Anniversary! by ultimateshortsarena #facts

COMMENTS

  1. Rhetorical Analysis of Jfk Moon Speech - GradesFixer

    In this rhetorical analysis, we will explore the strategies and techniques used by JFK to effectively convey his message and inspire a nation to achieve the ambitious goal of landing a man on the moon.

  2. An analysis of John F Kennedy’s Moon speech - Speak to Lead!

    The purpose of this speech is to persuade the audience that going to the Moon is a worthwhile endeavour. The objective is to make listeners see the Moon programme as the next step’s in mankind journey of progress.

  3. Rhetorical Analysis of JFK's Moon Speech by Caleb ... - Prezi

    Rhetorical Device Selection The selection of rhetorical devices plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of a speech. In JFK's Moon Speech, specific rhetorical choices significantly engage the audience and convey the speaker's purpose.

  4. Rhetorical Analysis of John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech

    At Rice University, on September 12th 1962 JFK delivered a speech talking about how and why the United States will put the first man on the moon. JFK uses pathos and logos throughout his speech to help persuade the American people to support the decision to go to the moon.

  5. "Rhetorical Analysis of Choosing to go to the Moon "and do ...

    The speech, titled “Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort”, but more widely known as “We Choose to go to the Moon”, was an attempt to gain further support for the nation's efforts in the Space Race against the Soviet Union.

  6. We choose to go to the Moon - Wikipedia

    Kennedy's speech used three strategies: "a characterization of space as a beckoning frontier; an articulation of time that locates the endeavor within a historical moment of urgency and plausibility; and a final, cumulative strategy that invites audience members to live up to their pioneering heritage by going to the Moon."

  7. Rhetorical and Literary Devices of John F. Kennedy's Speech

    Analysis Of Rhetorical Strategies Used By John F. Kennedy In His Inaugural Speech Essay. Exploring Rhetorical Strategies Analyze the use of rhetorical strategies such as repetition, pathos, and direct address in John F. Kennedy's steel speech and how they contribute to the effectiveness of his [...]

  8. Rhetorical Analysis Of Jfk Moon Speech - 1180 Words | Cram

    This speech utilized rhetorical strategies such as alliteration, metaphors, and rhetorical questions to influence the American public and others listening to instill the same desire that Kennedy had to accomplish the lofty goal of landing on the moon before the decade ran out.

  9. Rhetorical Analysis Of John F Kennedy's Moon Speech

    F Kennedy gave his influential “Nation’s Space Effort” speech at Rice University in Houston, Texas, or better known as the “We choose to go to the Moon” speech. President Kennedy was able to utilize rhetorical strategies to help him influence the American people in order to push the nation’s goals.

  10. The Space Race, a Rhetorical Analysis: Audience in JFK's Speech

    John F Kennedy’s audience during his Moon Speech was student and faculty at Rice University in Houston Texas. Anyone viewing the speech on television or the radio was also part of his audience.