14 CFR § 91.319 - Aircraft having experimental certificates: Operating limitations.

(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate—

(1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or

(2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire.

(b) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate outside of an area assigned by the Administrator until it is shown that—

(1) The aircraft is controllable throughout its normal range of speeds and throughout all the maneuvers to be executed; and

(2) The aircraft has no hazardous operating characteristics or design features.

(c) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator in special operating limitations, no person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate over a densely populated area or in a congested airway. The Administrator may issue special operating limitations for particular aircraft to permit takeoffs and landings to be conducted over a densely populated area or in a congested airway, in accordance with terms and conditions specified in the authorization in the interest of safety in air commerce .

(d) Each person operating an aircraft that has an experimental certificate shall—

(1) Advise each person carried of the experimental nature of the aircraft ;

(2) Operate under VFR , day only, unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Administrator ; and

(3) Notify the control tower of the experimental nature of the aircraft when operating the aircraft into or out of airports with operating control towers.

(e) No person may operate an aircraft that is issued an experimental certificate under § 21.191(i) of this chapter for compensation or hire, except a person may operate an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under § 21.191(i)(1) for compensation or hire to—

(1) Tow a glider that is a light-sport aircraft or unpowered ultralight vehicle in accordance with § 91.309 ; or

(2) Conduct flight training in an aircraft which that person provides prior to January 31, 2010.

(f) No person may lease an aircraft that is issued an experimental certificate under § 21.191(i) of this chapter, except in accordance with paragraph (e)(1) of this section.

(g) No person may operate an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under § 21.191(i)(1) of this chapter to tow a glider that is a light-sport aircraft or unpowered ultralight vehicle for compensation or hire or to conduct flight training for compensation or hire in an aircraft which that persons provides unless within the preceding 100 hours of time in service the aircraft has—

(1) Been inspected by a certificated repairman (light-sport aircraft) with a maintenance rating , an appropriately rated mechanic, or an appropriately rated repair station in accordance with inspection procedures developed by the aircraft manufacturer or a person acceptable to the FAA ; or

(2) Received an inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with part 21 of this chapter.

(h) The FAA may issue deviation authority providing relief from the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section for the purpose of conducting flight training. The FAA will issue this deviation authority as a letter of deviation authority.

(1) The FAA may cancel or amend a letter of deviation authority at any time.

(2) An applicant must submit a request for deviation authority to the FAA at least 60 days before the date of intended operations. A request for deviation authority must contain a complete description of the proposed operation and justification that establishes a level of safety equivalent to that provided under the regulations for the deviation requested.

(i) The Administrator may prescribe additional limitations that the Administrator considers necessary, including limitations on the persons that may be carried in the aircraft .

(j) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate under § 61.113(i) of this chapter unless the aircraft is carrying not more than 6 occupants.

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What is the procedure to turn a certified aircraft into an experimental aircraft?

Last year at EAA Airventure I saw a helicopter (can't remember the model, but it was something like a Eurocopter EC135 or similar with a full glass cockpit). It was US registered (N-Number tail) but had "Experimental" written on the door.

When I asked the person at the booth why it was experimental they said it was because they used it as a test platform for new avionics packages, which got me thinking...

Is there a method to transition an aircraft from certified to experimental? Or is this done on a case-by-case basis through the FAA?

I can see advantages for an aircraft owner to want to transition to experimental if they want to keep up on latest (cheapest) non-TSO'd avionics and be able to do more work on the aircraft without an A&P. The downside is obviously higher insurance rates, but I'm not sure it would be a significant difference...

  • aircraft-certification
  • experimental-aircraft

Ron Beyer's user avatar

3 Answers 3

You essentially convert it to Experimental Exhibition , not Experimental Amateur-Built . That means more restrictions, depending on the FSDO. For instance, your operating limitations may prohibit passengers, or require permission for every flight over a given distance.

It is said that the FAA can be sensitive to people trying to put type-certificated aircraft into Experimental category for recreational use. Important advice below is that you should get permission from the FSDO before starting work on the airplane.

Even if you do this (and they likely won't like you converting say a Cherokee or a Cessna 172 to experimental), they will place certain restrictions on use, such as only flying within a 25 mile radius, and every year you may have to submit a "Program Letter" with a list of all the fly-ins and shows you are going to go to (since it is experimental-exhibition category, so you need to exhibit it!)

All that is to say, you probably will have a hard time converting a certificated plane to experimental and using it like it seems you intend to from your question.

Here is the relevant section from FAA Order 8130.2H .

Section 10. Certification and Operation of Aircraft Under the Experimental Purpose of Exhibition or Air Racing General. Under the provisions of § 21.191(d), exhibition aircraft are defined as aircraft that exhibit the aircraft’s flight capabilities, performance, or unusual characteristics at air shows, fly-ins, and aviation events; for motion picture, television, and similar productions; and for the maintenance of exhibition flight proficiency, including (for persons exhibiting aircraft) flying to and from such events and productions. Under the provisions of § 21.191(e), air racing aircraft are defined as aircraft that participate in air races, including (for such participants) practicing for such air races and flying to and from racing events. a. Exhibition. A certificate for experimental exhibition must only be issued when an aircraft is to be used for valid exhibition purposes. Included in those purposes are organized air shows, organized fly-in activities, organized exhibitions, youth education events, organized aerobatic competition, fly-ins or meets, and movie or television productions. The duration of an airworthiness certificate for exhibition may be unlimited.

Here is an example of how to do it I found on a old page from the Robinson V8 Seabee Company website. (I found the page in the internet cache, so it is likely this method isn't foolproof)

Submit bill of sale for project Aircraft as "bought for salvage Parts" to the FAA. Add a separate letter of salvage in order to remove it from the FAA registry as Salvaged. This de-registers this A/C and is an important first step.

Obtain written permission from your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) inspector in order to remove the data tag from the salvaged project aircraft. This step represents a great opportunity to develop a positive relationship with the FSDO inspector with whom you'll be working to complete the process. Be straightforward and explain that you require his help in order to certify your project in accordance with 14 CFR § 21.193, under a Special Airworthiness Certificate for the purposes of operating an aircraft in the experimental exhibition group 2 - Piston Engine Aircraft category, for the purposes of:

Demonstrating flight proficiency; Demonstrating the superior engine reliability of modern V8 engines; and Participating in exhibition of the aircraft at airshows and public event in order to educate the public about the unique and interesting characteristics of this aircraft

It is important to understand that the FAA FSDO inspectors are busy folks, and that they will appreciate the fact that you've done your homework. Maintain professionalism and don't expect an answer on the spot, as these inspectors have a number of strict procedures and guidelines within which they must work to accomplish the goal of certifying your aircraft. They deal with a great variety of aircraft and requests and may require some time to get up to speed on your specific request and understand the nature of your Robinson V8 aircraft.

Reserve a new N number on the FAA web site .

When your new N-number is confirmed by the FAA, simply submit forms 8050-88 and 8050-1 for the new N number as:

Manufacturer (preferably your new LLC Company or yourself). It cannot be the old manufacturer of the salvaged parts. Model (Example: Military Seabee OA-15) or whatever you want to call it. It cannot be the old model of the salvaged parts.

These forms need to be sent to the FAA Oklahoma City Registration Branch.

When your project is completed and ready for airworthiness inspection and operating limitations, issue a program letter to your FSDO inspector. With FAA application for airworthiness form 8130.6. They will take it from there.

Here is an example of program letter:

Program Letter Nxxxx Date: May xx, 20xx To: Mr. FAA Inspector Federal Aviation Administration XXXXX Flight Standards District Office 1234 Maple Lane anytown, state zipcode In accordance with 14 CFR § 21.193, I request a Special Airworthiness Certificate for my aircraft Nxxxx for the purpose of operating an experimental exhibition, group 2 - Piston Engine Aircraft. 1) For purposes of demonstrating flight proficency. 2) To demonstrate the superior engine reliability of modern V8 Engines. 3) To participate in exhibition of the aircraft at airshows and public events to educate the public about the unique and interesting characteristics of this aircraft. The aircraft description is as follows: Manufacturer: Your LLC Registration No.: Nxxxx Model: Your model Serial No.: xxxxx Engine Make/Model: Robinson LSV No. of Engines: 01 Propeller Make/Model: xxxxx Number of Seats: Four The aircraft will be available for inspection at it’s base airport: (your airport and hangar location). The aircraft will be weighed prior to flight to determine weight and balance data. The marking requirements of Part 45 will be complied with prior to flight, including permanent attachment of a fireproof identification (data) plate, permanent application of appropriate registration marks. The following placards will be displayed in the cockpit in full view of all occupants: The word “EXPERIMENTAL" displayed near the entrance to the cabin or cockpit; minimum 2 inches, maximum 6 inches in height. "Passenger Warning – This Aircraft Does Not Comply With Federal Safety Regulations For Standard Aircraft" . Instruments and system controls will be adequately marked, identified, and function properly prior to flight. The power plant /propeller will be ground-run to sufficiently determine they are operating properly for flight. The Aircraft will be maintained under an Annual condition inspection that meets the scope and detail of 14CFR part 43, Appendix D. I request that airworthiness certification operating limitations be issued permitting me to operate the aircraft in phase one within 50 Nautical mile radius of (Your Base Airport) with the exception of all A,B,C and restricted airspace and avoiding flight over populated areas. Ten hours of phase one flight tests will be conducted to demonstrate control ability, engine reliability and establish the flight envelope. After Phase 1 flight test completion, I plan to operate the aircraft under Phase two operating limitations under VFR/day and VFR/night conditions under a group 2 Experimental Exhibition airworthiness certification within the continental U.S. proficiency area. Kind Regards, You

fooot's user avatar

  • 1 $\begingroup$ Jesus, Canuk, be grateful I don't know where your live cause, brother, if I did I'd be giving you a never ending bearhug of gratitude for that incredible answer! Not big on half-assing things, are ya?? 🤣 I'm the proud owner of a PA38-112 Piper Tomahawk which has the 125 HP upgrade. There literally isn't a more cost effective aircraft, new or used, which more closely matches my specific mission requirements than that little Rocket Sled! The problem is the erroneous ignorance-based stigmas attached to that model for the last 40 years has manifested today into ZERO AP options. I want to do this $\endgroup$ –  BigNutz Commented Nov 25, 2021 at 12:57

Canuk's answer provides a good summary of how a small piston aircraft might get an experimental airworthiness certification. This answer is intended to provide a more general view of what is needed.

FAA Order 8130.2 covers the topic of Airworthiness Certification of Products and Articles. Chapter 4 Section 7 covers general experimental airworthiness certifications.

For an aircraft to be eligible for an experimental certificate, the aircraft must be registered and the applicant must satisfy one or more of the purposes stated in 14 CFR 21.191 , as discussed in chapter 4, sections 8 through 11 of this order.

These purposes are:

  • Amateur-Built
  • Exhibition or Air Racing
  • Research and Development, Showing Compliance With Regulations, Crew Training, Market Surveys, and Operating Kit-Built Aircraft

So if the aircraft will be used for one or more of those purposes, some paperwork and inspections will be required.

The FAA representative should become familiar with the aircraft type and its operational history, if any, before initiating the record and aircraft inspection. FAA Form 8130-6 is required whenever an airworthiness certificate is issued or amended.

Experimental aircraft will also require a program letter.

The FAA uses the program letter to assist in establishing eligibility for an experimental certificate. The program letter must contain the required items listed in § 21.193 and be detailed enough to permit the FAA to prescribe the conditions and limitations necessary to ensure safe operation of the aircraft. Additional information and guidance concerning program letters can be found in appendix B to this order.

The required items listed include:

  • Purpose for which the aircraft is to be used
  • Unless converted from a previously type-certificated aircraft without significant change in the external configuration, the applicant must provide three-view drawings or three-view dimensioned photographs of the aircraft.
  • Any other pertinent information necessary to safeguard the general public.
  • Purpose of the experiment to include the aircraft configuration or modifications, and outline the program objectives.
  • Estimated number of flights or total flight hours, and the period of time (for example, days or months), required for the experiment.
  • Areas over which the proposed flights are to be conducted.

LSA aircraft assembled from a kit or aircraft manufactured outside the United States have further requirements.

The aircraft must be registered and marked in accordance with part 47 and part 45 , respectively.

For a small piston exhibition aircraft, there will also be a records inspection covering items including:

  • Necessary maintenance, inspection, operating, and flight manuals required to safely operate the aircraft.
  • Current maintenance records of inspections, overhauls, repairs, time-in-service
  • Maintenance and modification records for flight control balancing, fabricated parts, and supporting engineering documentation, if required
  • Appropriately rated FAA-certificated mechanic has made an entry in the aircraft records documenting the applicable inspections
  • Weight and balance data
  • Documentation about imported aircraft
  • Inspection program

Then there will be the aircraft inspection.

  • Verify instruments, instrument markings, and placards are as required by 14 CFR
  • Airspeed in knots, altimeters in feet, and distance measuring equipment in nautical miles
  • Flight control system operates properly
  • The engine(s), propeller(s), and associated instruments operate in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • The pitot static system and associated instruments operate properly.

If all of this is in order, then the certificate may be issued.

Community's user avatar

  • $\begingroup$ Very detailed, thank you. I'd mark them both answer if it was possible... $\endgroup$ –  Ron Beyer Commented Jul 19, 2016 at 15:17

Yes there is a method. And to complicate things, there is more than one kind of Experimental certificates. Different types of certificates have different operating restrictions and bureaucratic overhead (e.g.; Experimental R&D requires annual renewal.) Details are available in the following FAA document:

http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/8130.2H.pdf

Gerry's user avatar

  • 7 $\begingroup$ Including the important information from the link would improve this answer. $\endgroup$ –  fooot Commented Jul 18, 2016 at 19:21
  • 1 $\begingroup$ Even including the document identifier or similar (not just a URL) would improve this answer, because then people can get their hands on the document even if the provided URL itself becomes invalid for some reason. Compare Cool URIs don't change -- in real life, URIs change. A lot. $\endgroup$ –  user Commented Jul 18, 2016 at 21:51

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experimental aircraft registration faa

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Eaa air academy 2025 registration opens september 3 with updated focus, opportunities for young people, longest running youth aviation residence camp offers unique experiences at oshkosh, recent articles.

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EAA AVIATION CENTER, OSHKOSH, Wisconsin — (August 28, 2024) — Registration opens September 3 for the EAA Air Academy, the longest running youth aviation residence camp in the world, which will enter 2025 with an updated focus and more opportunities for young people engaging with the world of flight.

The six sessions of the Air Academy, which begin June 12 and continue through August 2, are based at the EAA Air Academy Lodge in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. The sessions are designed for young people ages 14-18, with age-appropriate activities that connect campers with aviation through flight experiences and hands-on projects.

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Many Air Academy campers are nominated and sponsored by EAA chapters throughout the United States. The EAA Air Academy is also accredited by the American Camp Association, ensuring safe and quality experiences for young people who participate. More information is available at EAA.org/AirAcademy .

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Notice and request for comments.

In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, FAA invites public comments about our intention to request Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approval to add two new forms to a previously approved information collection. The information in this collection is used by the FAA Aircraft Registration Branch (Aircraft Registry) to register aircraft or record a security interest in a registered aircraft.

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Title: Aircraft Registration.

Form Numbers: Existing AC Forms 8050-1, 8050-1B, 8050-2, 8050-4, 8050-88, 8050-88A, 8050-98 and 8050-117. New AC Forms 8050-88UA and 8050-138.

Type of Review: Revision of an existing information collection.

Background: Public Law 103-272 states that all aircraft must be registered before they may be flown. It sets forth registration eligibility requirements and provides for applications for registration as well as suspension and/or revocation of registrations. The information collected is used by the FAA to determine eligibility to register an aircraft and record a security interest in a registered aircraft.

The Aircraft Registry has determined there is a need to create two new forms for this collection as follows: AC Form 8050-88UA, Affidavit of Ownership for Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and AC Form 8050-138, Declaration of International Operation (DIO).

The AC Form 8050-88UA was created to make it easier for registration applicants to supply the FAA Aircraft Registry with the minimal information needed to register a UA. Most UA owners don't have the required evidence of ownership to register. The affidavit will be used in lieu of a recordable bill of sale for any new registrations. The registrant may still submit any other proof of ownership with the affidavit or declare that evidence of ownership is not available.

The AC Form 8050-138 was created to allow registrants to request priority handling of their registration documents due to an impending international flight. The Aircraft Registry is required to process all incoming documents in the order of their receipt. Newly registered aircraft may only be flown within the continental United States by carrying a second copy of the Aircraft Registration Application in the aircraft unless the aircraft has never been on the U.S. Registry. There are instances where applicants need to fly aircraft outside the continental United States. Many of those applicants are major Air Carriers and small businesses. When an applicant files a DIO, the applicants' registration documents will be worked on a priority basis, alleviating any undue hardship. The form will collect the pertinent information of the scheduled international flight.

Respondents: Approximately 5,000 international flights and 2,000 new UA applicants annually.

Frequency: Information is collected on occasion.

Estimated Average Burden per Response: 15 minutes for each new form.

Estimated Total Annual Burden: 1,750 hours.

Issued in Oklahoma City, OK on August 27, 2024.

Bonnie Lefko,

Program Analyst, Civil Aviation Registry, Aircraft Registration Branch, AFB-711.

[ FR Doc. 2024-19525 Filed 8-29-24; 8:45 am]

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COMMENTS

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