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Research Problem – Examples, Types and Guide

Table of Contents

A research problem is the starting point of any study, as it defines the issue or challenge that the research intends to address. Clearly articulating a research problem is essential because it shapes the direction of the study, influencing research design, methodology, and analysis. This guide explores what a research problem is, the types of research problems, and how to develop one with clear examples to aid in understanding.

Research Problem

A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, or gap in knowledge that prompts the need for investigation. It reflects the purpose of the research and the questions that the study aims to answer. Without a clear research problem, it is difficult to determine the scope, goals, and relevance of the research.

For example, in social sciences, a research problem might involve understanding factors that influence student motivation. In business, it could involve identifying reasons behind declining customer satisfaction.

Why is a Research Problem Important?

The research problem is the foundation of the research process because it:

• Defines the Study’s Purpose : It helps clarify what the research is trying to achieve.
• Guides the Research Design : It determines which methodologies and data collection techniques are suitable.
• Provides Focus and Direction : It prevents the study from being overly broad or unfocused.
• Establishes Relevance : A well-defined problem highlights the research’s significance and its contribution to knowledge.

Types of Research Problems

• Example : What are the psychological factors influencing digital addiction among young adults?
• Example : How can customer service training improve client retention in the hospitality industry?
• Example : How do rural and urban educational outcomes compare in terms of student performance?
• Example : What are the emerging behaviors associated with the use of augmented reality in retail shopping?
• Example : What are the common characteristics of high-performing teams in technology companies?
• Example : What effect does daily exercise have on reducing stress levels among college students?

Steps to Formulate a Research Problem

• Identify a Broad Topic Area Start by choosing a general area of interest. This could be anything from mental health and marketing to technology or education. Focusing on a topic you’re passionate about can make the research process more engaging.
• Conduct Preliminary Research Conducting initial research helps you understand existing knowledge and identify gaps. Look at recent studies, articles, or reports in your field to find areas that need further exploration.
• Narrow Down the Topic A broad topic needs to be narrowed to a specific issue. Consider the aspects of the topic that interest you most or that have limited research available. Narrowing the focus prevents the study from being too general and enhances its depth.
• Identify the Problem Clearly define the problem or gap that the research aims to address. Frame it as a statement that indicates the issue, its context, and its importance.
• Formulate Research Questions Develop research questions that provide a basis for investigating the problem. Good research questions are specific, clear, and feasible, guiding the research process and helping focus data collection.
• Assess Feasibility Evaluate if the research problem is manageable given available resources, time, and access to data. Feasibility ensures that the study is achievable and practical within constraints.

Examples of Research Problems

Example 1 : In Education

• Problem : Declining student engagement in online learning environments.
• Research Question : What factors contribute to decreased engagement in online courses compared to in-person learning?

Example 2 : In Business

• Problem : High employee turnover in customer service departments.
• Research Question : How does job satisfaction impact turnover rates among customer service employees?

Example 3 : In Healthcare

• Problem : Rising obesity rates among children in urban areas.
• Research Question : What are the primary lifestyle factors contributing to obesity among urban children?

Example 4 : In Psychology

• Problem : Increased rates of social media addiction among teenagers.
• Research Question : What psychological factors lead to social media addiction in teenagers?

Example 5 : In Environmental Studies

• Problem : Rapid decline in pollinator populations affecting crop yields.
• Research Question : What impact does pesticide usage have on pollinator populations in agricultural areas?

Tips for Defining a Strong Research Problem

• Make It Specific : Clearly state the issue you intend to investigate. Avoid overly broad topics that are difficult to address.
• Identify Relevance : Choose a problem that has practical, theoretical, or social importance, demonstrating why the study matters.
• Align with Research Goals : Ensure that the problem aligns with the overall objectives of your research or field of study.
• Keep It Manageable : Be realistic about what you can accomplish within your time frame, resources, and skills.
• Consider Originality : Aim to address a gap in the current literature, focusing on issues that have not been explored in depth.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Overly Broad Problems : A vague or broad problem can make it difficult to formulate research questions or collect relevant data.
• Irrelevant or Trivial Problems : Choose a problem that has value and contributes meaningfully to your field of study.
• Unfeasible Problems : Ensure that your research problem is practical and can be addressed with available resources.
• Confusing the Problem with the Method : Define the issue clearly instead of describing the method. For example, “Using interviews to study…” is a method, not a problem.

A well-defined research problem is crucial to successful research. By selecting a relevant, specific, and feasible problem, researchers set a strong foundation for their study. Whether you are studying education, business, psychology, or any other field, understanding the types and examples of research problems can help you structure a clear and focused investigation. Defining the problem carefully and creating focused research questions ultimately guides the research process, making your work impactful and meaningful.

• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches . Sage Publications.
• Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach . Sage Publications.
• Kumar, R. (2019). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners . Sage Publications.
• Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students . Pearson Education.
• Punch, K. F. (2014). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches . Sage Publications.

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How to Write a Research Problem: Types, Importance, and Example

• October 15, 2024

Dr. Marvin L. Smith

A research problem is the foundation of any research project . It identifies the specific issue or question the study aims to address.

Understanding the importance of a well-defined research problem is crucial for guiding the research process.

This article explores its characteristics, types, examples, and how to effectively write one, ensuring your research is focused and valuable.

Table of Contents

What is a research problem?

A research problem is a clear, concise statement that defines the issue or question your research aims to solve.

It helps guide the study by focusing on what needs to be investigated. Whether it’s understanding a phenomenon, exploring a relationship, or finding a cause, the research problem sets the direction of your project.

For example, a research problem might ask, “What are the factors contributing to air pollution in urban areas?”

It’s the essential starting point for any research effort.

Importance of research problem

The research problem is vital because it shapes the entire study. A well-defined problem ensures that your research stays focused, asking the right questions and seeking meaningful answers.

It helps avoid wasting time on irrelevant data and guides the research process toward clear, impactful conclusions.

Moreover, it makes your work valuable, as solving a relevant research problem can contribute to existing knowledge and offer solutions to real-world issues. Without a strong research problem, your project risks losing direction and purpose.

Characteristics of a research problem

A goodresearchproblem has several key characteristics:

• Clear : It is easy to understand, avoiding any vague or complex language.
• Focused : It addresses a specific issue rather than being too broad or general.
• Researchable : There is enough available data or methods to investigate and find answers.
• Relevant : It addresses a problem that matters to the field or community.
• Feasible : It can be realistically studied within time and resource constraints.

Example of a research problem

Here’s an example of a  research problem :

“Increasing levels of student stress are becoming a concern. What are the main factors contributing to high stress levels among high school students, and how do these factors affect academic performance?”

This research problem is clear, focused, and researchable, guiding the study to explore specific causes and impacts of stress in a defined group. It also addresses a relevant issue with potential solutions.

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Types of research problems

Research problems come in different types, each tailored to address specific aspects of a subject.

Understanding the types of research problems can help guide the direction and purpose of a study.

Here’s a detailed look at the most common types:

1. Descriptive Problems

A descriptive problem focuses on providing a detailed account or explanation of a phenomenon or situation.

This type of research problem aims to describe what is happening without seeking to establish a relationship between variables. It answers the “what” and “how” questions about the current state of the subject.

Example : “What are the study habits of college students during finals week?”

This question aims to describe how students prepare for exams, focusing on the characteristics of their study routines without exploring why these habits exist or how they affect performance.

Purpose: Descriptive problems are ideal for studies that aim to document trends, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group or situation. They provide valuable insights into the present conditions, forming the basis for further exploration.

2. Relational Problems

A relational problem investigates the connections between two or more variables.

It goes beyond mere description by exploring how different factors influence or interact with one another. This type of research problem answers the “how” and “why” of a relationship, looking to identify patterns or correlations.

Example: “Is there a relationship between social  media usage and anxiety levels in teenagers?”

This research problem seeks to understand if and how the amount of time teenagers spend on social media impacts their mental health, specifically anxiety levels.

Purpose: Relational problems are commonly used in research that aims to explore interactions or associations between variables. They help researchers understand how different factors influence each other, providing a foundation for studies that could later explore causality.

3. Causal Problems

A causal problem is designed to explore cause-and-effect relationships.

It seeks to identify what factors lead to or result in a specific outcome. 

This type of research problem addresses the “why” and “what causes” questions, looking for the underlying reasons behind a phenomenon.

Example: “What factors cause high school students to drop out before graduation?”

This question aims to discover the specific reasons that lead students to leave school early, such as economic issues, academic performance, or family problems.

Purpose: Causal problems are essential in research that seeks to establish why certain events or behaviors occur. By identifying cause-and-effect relationships, this type of research problem can suggest solutions or interventions to address the issue at hand.

How Each Type Serves a Purpose

Each of these types of research problems serves a different role in the research process:

• Descriptive problems provide a foundation by documenting and explaining the current state of a topic. This is often the starting point for many studies.
• Relational problems build on descriptive research by exploring the links between variables, helping to identify patterns that may inform future research.
• Causal problems aim to go a step further by identifying the root causes of a phenomenon, which is critical for developing interventions or solutions.

By choosing the right type of research problem, researchers can ensure their study is well-focused and designed to answer the questions that matter most. Each type provides a unique perspective on the subject, helping to uncover new knowledge and understanding.

How to write a research problem

Writing a research problem involves a structured approach to defining what your research will address.

Here’s a detailed guide with examples to help you through the process:

1. Identify a Broad Topic

Begin by selecting a general area that interests you. This helps set the foundation for narrowing down your focus.

For example, let’s say you’re interested in  climate change . This topic is vast, so your research problem will need to focus on a specific aspect of it.

Broad Topic: Climate change.

2. Narrow Down the Focus

Once you have your broad topic, narrow it down by focusing on a particular issue within that topic. You can do this by considering a specific group, region, or effect.

For example, instead of just “climate change,” you could narrow it to “how climate change is affecting agriculture in the Midwest.”

Narrowed Focus: Impact of climate change on agriculture in the Midwest.

3. Research Existing Literature

Now that you’ve identified a focused topic, review the existing literature. This helps you understand what has already been studied and identify gaps that your research can fill. Look for unanswered questions, conflicting findings, or areas that need further exploration.

You find that while many studies have explored climate change’s overall effects, few have specifically examined how it impacts  corn production in the Midwest.

4. Define the Problem

With the literature review in mind, define the specific issue your research will address. A well-written research problem should be clear, specific, and researchable.

Your problem statement should focus on one main issue or question.

Problem Statement: “How is climate change affecting corn production in the Midwest, and what are the contributing factors?”

5. Formulate Research Questions

Next, break down the research problem into smaller, specific questions that your research will answer. These questions help guide your study and make your research problem more manageable.

Research Questions:

• “What climate factors (temperature, rainfall, etc.) are most responsible for changes in corn production?”
• “How has the yield of corn in the Midwest changed over the last decade due to climate variability?”

6. Ensure It’s Researchable

Make sure your problem is researchable, meaning it can be investigated through data collection , experiments, or analysis. It’s important that you have access to the resources, tools, and data required to explore your problem.

You may find government agricultural records or climate data on corn yields in the Midwest, which will help you study this problem.

7. State the Significance

Explain why this problem matters. A good research problem is not just interesting but also significant. This step involves articulating how solving this problem will contribute to the field or solve real-world issues.

Significance: “Understanding the impact of climate change on corn production is crucial for food security and for farmers in the Midwest to adapt their farming practices.”

8. Revise and Refine

Lastly, review and refine your research problem to ensure it’s concise, focused, and clear. Avoid jargon and ensure that your problem can be easily understood by others in your field.

Final Research Problem Example:

“How has climate change affected corn production in the Midwest over the past decade, and what specific climate factors are most responsible for these changes?”

Example in Another Field: Education

• Broad Topic : Student performance
• Narrow Focus : Impact of classroom technology on student performance
• Literature Review : Studies show mixed results; some suggest technology improves learning, while others show no impact.
• Problem Statement : “How does the use of digital tools in classrooms affect high school students’ performance in math?”
• “Which digital tools are most effective in enhancing math performance?”
• “How do students with access to technology perform compared to those without it?”
• Ensure Researchable : Access to performance records, surveys, and studies on technology use.
• Significance : “This study will help educators understand the role of technology in improving student outcomes, helping schools invest in the right tools.”
• Revise : The final problem is focused, researchable, and important.

By following these detailed steps, you can develop a research problem that is specific, researchable, and impactful, setting the foundation for a successful research project.

A well-defined research problem is essential for guiding research efforts and ensuring that the study stays focused and relevant. It serves as the foundation for asking the right questions and finding meaningful answers. Understanding its importance, characteristics, and types allows researchers to approach their topics with clarity, setting the stage for a successful and impactful project.

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What is Research Problem? Components, Identifying, Formulating,

• Post last modified: 13 August 2023
• Reading time: 10 mins read
• Post category: Research Methodology

What is Research Problem?

A research problem refers to an area or issue that requires investigation, analysis, and resolution through a systematic and scientific approach. It is a specific question, gap, or challenge within a particular field of study that researchers aim to address through their research endeavors.

Table of Content

• 1 What is Research Problem?
• 2 Concept of a Research Problem
• 3 Need to Define a Research Problem
• 4 Conditions and Components of a Research Problem
• 5 Identifying a Research Problem
• 6 Formulating a Research Problem

Concept of a Research Problem

The first step in any research project is to identify the problem. When we specifically talk about research related to a business organisation, the first step is to identify the problem that is being faced by the concerned organisation. The researchers need to develop a concrete, unambiguous and easily comprehensible definition of the problem that requires research.

If the research problem is not well-defined, the research project may be affected. You may also consider defining research problem and carrying out literature review as the foundation on which the entire research process is based.

In general, a research problem refers to a problem that a researcher has witnessed or experienced in a theoretical or real-life situation and wants to develop a solution for the same. The research problem is only a problem statement and it does not describe how to do something. It must be remembered that a research problem is always related to some kind of management dilemma

Need to Define a Research Problem

The researchers must clearly define or formulate the research problem in order to represent a clear picture of what they wish to achieve through their research. When a researcher starts off his research with a well-formulated research problem, it becomes easier to carry out the research.

Some of the major reasons for which a research problem must be defined are:

• Select useful information for research
• Segregate useful information from irrelevant information
• Monitor the research progress
• Ensure research is centred around a problem
• What data should be collected?
• What data attributes are relevant and need to be analysed?
• What relationships should be investigated?
• Determine the structure of the study
• Ensure that the research is centred around the research problem only

Defining a research problem well helps the decision makers in getting good research results if right questions are asked. On the contrary, correct answer to a wrong question will lead to bad research results.

Conditions and Components of a Research Problem

Conditions necessary for the existence of a research problem are:

• Existence of a problem whose solution is not known currently
• Existence of an individual, group or organisation to which the given problem can be attributed
• Existence of at least two alternative courses of action that can be pursued by a researcher
• At least two feasible outcomes of the course of action and out of two outcomes, one outcome should be more preferable to the other

A research problem consists of certain specific components as follows:

• Manager/Decision-maker (individual/group/institution) and his/ her objectives The individual, group or an institution is the one who is facing the problem. At times, the different individuals or groups related to a problem do not agree with the problem statement as their objectives differ from one another. The decision makers must agree on a concrete and clearly worded problem statemen.
• Environment or context of the problem
• Nature of the problem
• Alternative courses of problem
• A set of consequences related to courses of action and the occurrence of events that are not under the control of the manager/decision maker
• A state of uncertainty for which a course of action is best

Identifying a Research Problem

Identifying a research problem is an important and time-consuming activity. Research problem identification involves understanding the given social problem that needs to be investigated in order to solve it. In most cases, the researchers usually identify a research problem by using their observation, knowledge, wisdom and skills. Identifying a research problem can be as simple as recognising the difficulties and problems in your workplace.

Certain other factors that are considered while identifying a research problem include:

• Potential research problems raised at the end of journal articles
• Large-scale reports and data records in the field may disclose the findings or facts based on data that require further investigation
• Personal interest of the researcher
• Knowledge and competence of the researcher
• Availability of resources such as large-scale data collection, time and finance
• Relative importance of different problems
• Practical utility of finding answers to a problem
• Data availability for a problem

Formulating a Research Problem

Formulating a research problem is usually done under the first step of research process, i.e., defining the research problem. Identification, clarification and formulation of a research problem is done using different steps as:

• Discover the Management Dilemma
• Define the Management Question
• Define the Research Question
• Refine the Research Question(s)

You have already studied why it is important to clarify a research question. The next step is to discover the management dilemma. The entire research process starts with a management dilemma. For instance, an organisation facing increasing number of customer complaints may want to carry out research.

At most times, the researchers state the management dilemma followed by developing questions which are then broken down into specific set of questions. Management dilemma, in most cases, is a symptom of the actual problem being faced by an organisation.

A few examples of management dilemma are low turnover, high attrition, high product defect rate, low quality, increasing costs, decreasing profits, low employee morale, high absenteeism, flexibility and remote work issues, use of technology, increasing market share of a competitor, decline in plant/production capacity, distribution of profit between dividends and retained earnings, etc.

If an organisation tracks its performance indicators on a regular basis, it is quite easy to identify the management dilemma. Now, the difficult task for a researcher to choose a particular management dilemma among the given set of management dilemmas.

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Supply Chain

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• Supply Chain Planning and Measuring Strategy Performance
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5+ Elements of a Good Research Problem Explained

0  Comments

by  Antony W

March 9, 2023

  There’s more to writing a research paper for college or university than just knowing the structure of the assignment. You first have to find a research problem, come up with a research question , investigate the problem by doing further research, and then write the paper. 

As you can see, a research problem is the foundation of a research study that drives the experimental designs and real life experiments. Without a good research problem, it becomes difficult to define your specific area of study and challenging to develop a hypothesis .

So what exactly is a research problem? What makes a good research problem for scientific study and how do you come up with it?

In this guide, you’ll learn what a research problem is, the characteristics of a research problem, and the right way to find a research problem for your study.

What’s a Research Problem? 

A research problem is a theoretical or practical difficulty, issue, gap in knowledge, or contradiction that an individual or a group of people experience and to which they want to find an appropriate solution.

The problem can exist in scholarly literature, in practice, or in theory, and it often demands understanding and deliberate investigation.

A research problem must be specific in kind and good enough to contribute to change or expand existing knowledge. Note that a research problem neither states how to do something nor pose a value question. Rather, it presents a broad or vague proposition.

Why is a Research Problem Important?  

Identifying an interesting research paper topic isn’t an enough basis for academic research. You need to find a problem within your topic of choice so that you can end up with a focused project.

By identifying a good research problem, you won’t fall into the problem of repeating what others have already said on an issue. Also, you will be able to conduct your research with a very clear purpose and find new insights to solve the problem or fill the knowledge gap found in already existing research studies.

What are the Elements of a Good Research Problem? 

A problem must feature the following elements to qualify as an issue for a research study:

1. Your Research Problem Should be Clear and Concise 

If you can’t state a problem clearly and concisely, then it’s either a poor problem to investigate or not a problem at all.

Unfortunately, it’s not easy to determine if a clear statement can translate into a research problem unless you evaluate the statement with the help of others.

If other potential researchers think that you’ve struggled to state the issue in a clear paragraph, it may not make a suitable problem.

Remember that it’s not often easy to use simple terms to express complex issues. So it might take a while and a number of drafts before you can come up with a satisfactory statement that critics can understand and consider as research problems.

3. The Problem Should Relate to One or More Fields of Study 

You need to avoid research problems that don’t have a relationship with one or more fields of study. Not being able to relate a research problem to one or more fields means it’s impossible to determine where the problem lies.

Consider a research problem that relates to at least one field of study although more would be better. Also, make sure that the relational fields have adherents and boundaries.

3. The Research Problem Should Be Feasible 

A good research problem is one that you can study within a given timeframe and budget. Therefore, you should a problem that isn’t feasible to research.

4. A Good Problem is Grounded in Theory 

A problem that lacks a conceptual or theoretical framework for its analysis is not good enough for a research study.

That means you need to make sure the problem you’re considering relates to what you wish to investigate and to the background of the theory that interpret the results in the respective field of study.

5. Good Research Problems Have Base in Literature 

Another element of a good research problem is that it should relate to a research literature.

The literature should have been written by a group of researcher and published in journals. You may experience difficulties in establishing the connection between existing literature and some research problems.

However, a little bit of patience and more research should help you find a base.

6. A Good Research Problem Has a Significance 

A good research problem should account for the “so what” question.

Don’t just focus on the significance the problem has to you as a researcher. 

If the research question developed from the issue looks into who cares after you’ve solved the problem, you have a good research question that has a significance to others.

7. The Problem Should Generate Research Questions 

A good research problem is the one that allows you to generate one or more specific research questions. You should be able to read the statement problem and convert it into a question format that represents an aspect of the problem you wish to investigate.

The research question that you generate from the problem statement will not only provide a comprehensive framework for your research but also make the problem easier to address.

Keep in mind that developing research questions can be somewhat challenging, especially if you’re dealing with a complex issue. Should that be the case, make sure you spend enough time evaluating the general statement.

8. A Good Problem Has Sufficient Research Data 

It’s best to avoid a research problem that doesn’t have sufficient data (or written information) for investigation.

So before you consider a problem for your research study, look at the data banks developed over the years to see if there’s sufficient information that you can explore.

The above elements enable you to analyze an issue and see the extent to which it can measure up within your area of study.

To be clear, a research problem may not have all these elements, but a good problem should have a number of these elements at least.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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Research Problem – Definition, Steps & Tips

Published by Jamie Walker at August 12th, 2021 , Revised On October 3, 2023

Once you have chosen a research topic, the next stage is to explain the research problem: the detailed issue, ambiguity of the research, gap analysis, or gaps in knowledge and findings that you will discuss.

Here, in this article, we explore a research problem in a dissertation or an essay with some research problem examples to help you better understand how and when you should write a research problem.

“A research problem is a specific statement relating to an area of concern and is contingent on the type of research. Some research studies focus on theoretical and practical problems, while some focus on only one.”

The problem statement in the dissertation, essay, research paper, and other academic papers should be clearly stated and intended to expand information, knowledge, and contribution to change.

This article will assist in identifying and elaborating a research problem if you are unsure how to define your research problem. The most notable challenge in the research process is to formulate and identify a research problem. Formulating a problem statement and research questions while finalizing the research proposal or introduction for your dissertation or thesis is necessary.

Why is Research Problem Critical?

An interesting research topic is only the first step. The real challenge of the research process is to develop a well-rounded research problem.

A well-formulated research problem helps understand the research procedure; without it, your research will appear unforeseeable and awkward.

Research is a procedure based on a sequence and a research problem aids in following and completing the research in a sequence. Repetition of existing literature is something that should be avoided in research.

Therefore research problem in a dissertation or an essay needs to be well thought out and presented with a clear purpose. Hence, your research work contributes more value to existing knowledge. You need to be well aware of the problem so you can present logical solutions.

Formulating a research problem is the first step of conducting research, whether you are writing an essay, research paper,   dissertation , or  research proposal .

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Step 1: Identifying Problem Area – What is Research Problem

The most significant step in any research is to look for  unexplored areas, topics, and controversies . You aim to find gaps that your work will fill. Here are some research problem examples for you to better understand the concept.

Practical Research Problems

To conduct practical research, you will need practical research problems that are typically identified by analysing reports, previous research studies, and interactions with the experienced personals of pertinent disciplines. You might search for:

• Problems with performance or competence in an organization
• Institutional practices that could be enhanced
• Practitioners of relevant fields and their areas of concern
• Problems confronted by specific groups of people within your area of study

If your research work relates to an internship or a job, then it will be critical for you to identify a research problem that addresses certain issues faced by the firm the job or internship pertains to.

Examples of Practical Research Problems

Decreased voter participation in county A, as compared to the rest of the country.

The high employee turnover rate of department X of company Y influenced efficiency and team performance.

A charity institution, Y, suffers a lack of funding resulting in budget cuts for its programmes.

Theoretical Research Problems

Theoretical research relates to predicting, explaining, and understanding various phenomena. It also expands and challenges existing information and knowledge.

Identification of a research problem in theoretical research is achieved by analysing theories and fresh research literature relating to a broad area of research. This practice helps to find gaps in the research done by others and endorse the argument of your topic.

Here are some questions that you should bear in mind.

• A case or framework that has not been deeply analysed
• An ambiguity between more than one viewpoints
• An unstudied condition or relationships
• A problematic issue that needs to be addressed

Theoretical issues often contain practical implications, but immediate issues are often not resolved by these results. If that is the case, you might want to adopt a different research approach  to achieve the desired outcomes.

Examples of Theoretical Research Problems

Long-term Vitamin D deficiency affects cardiac patients are not well researched.

The relationship between races, sex, and income imbalances needs to be studied with reference to the economy of a specific country or region.

The disagreement among historians of Scottish nationalism regarding the contributions of Imperial Britain in the creation of the national identity for Scotland.

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Step 2: Understanding the Research Problem

The researcher further investigates the selected area of research to find knowledge and information relating to the research problem to address the findings in the research.

Background and Rationale

• Population influenced by the problem?
• Is it a persistent problem, or is it recently revealed?
• Research that has already been conducted on this problem?
• Any proposed solution to the problem?
• Recent arguments concerning the problem, what are the gaps in the problem?

How to Write a First Class Dissertation Proposal or Research Proposal

Particularity and Suitability

• What specific place, time, and/or people will be focused on?
• Any aspects of research that you may not be able to deal with?
• What will be the concerns if the problem remains unresolved?
• What are the benefices of the problem resolution (e.g. future researcher or organisation’s management)?

Example of a Specific Research Problem

A non-profit institution X has been examined on their existing support base retention, but the existing research does not incorporate an understanding of how to effectively target new donors. To continue their work, the institution needs more research and find strategies for effective fundraising.

Once the problem is narrowed down, the next stage is to propose a problem statement and hypothesis or research questions.

If you are unsure about what a research problem is and how to define the research problem, then you might want to take advantage of our dissertation proposal writing service. You may also want to take a look at our essay writing service if you need help with identifying a research problem for your essay.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is research problem with example.

A research problem is a specific challenge that requires investigation. Example: “What is the impact of social media on mental health among adolescents?” This problem drives research to analyse the relationship between social media use and mental well-being in young people.

How many types of research problems do we have?

• Descriptive: Describing phenomena as they exist.
• Explanatory: Understanding causes and effects.
• Exploratory: Investigating little-understood phenomena.
• Predictive: Forecasting future outcomes.
• Prescriptive: Recommending actions.
• Normative: Describing what ought to be.

What are the principles of the research problem?

• Relevance: Addresses a significant issue.
• Re searchability: Amenable to empirical investigation.
• Clarity: Clearly defined without ambiguity.
• Specificity: Narrowly framed, avoiding vagueness.
• Feasibility: Realistic to conduct with available resources.
• Novelty: Offers new insights or challenges existing knowledge.
• Ethical considerations: Respect rights, dignity, and safety.

Why is research problem important?

A research problem is crucial because it identifies knowledge gaps, directs the inquiry’s focus, and forms the foundation for generating hypotheses or questions. It drives the methodology and determination of study relevance, ensuring that research contributes meaningfully to academic discourse and potentially addresses real-world challenges.

How do you write a research problem?

To write a research problem, identify a knowledge gap or an unresolved issue in your field. Start with a broad topic, then narrow it down. Clearly articulate the problem in a concise statement, ensuring it’s researchable, significant, and relevant. Ground it in the existing literature to highlight its importance and context.

How can we solve research problem?

To solve a research problem, start by conducting a thorough literature review. Formulate hypotheses or research questions. Choose an appropriate research methodology. Collect and analyse data systematically. Interpret findings in the context of existing knowledge. Ensure validity and reliability, and discuss implications, limitations, and potential future research directions.

You May Also Like

Find how to write research questions with the mentioned steps required for a perfect research question. Choose an interesting topic and begin your research.

Penning your dissertation proposal can be a rather daunting task. Here are comprehensive guidelines on how to write a dissertation proposal.

How to write a hypothesis for dissertation,? A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested with the help of experimental or theoretical research.

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Research Problem

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A research problem is a specific issue or gap in knowledge that a researcher aims to address through systematic investigation. It forms the foundation of a study, guiding the research question, research design , and potential outcomes. Identifying a clear research problem is crucial as it often emerges from existing literature, theoretical frameworks, and practical considerations. In a student case study , the research question and hypothesis stem from the identified research problem.

What is a Research Problem?

A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in knowledge that a researcher aims to address through systematic investigation. It forms the basis of a study, guiding the research question, research design, and the formulation of a hypothesis.

Examples of Research Problem

• Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health : Investigating how social media usage affects the mental health and well-being of teenagers.
• Climate Change and Agricultural Productivity : Examining the effects of climate change on crop yields and farming practices.
• Online Learning and Student Engagement : Assessing the effectiveness of online learning platforms in maintaining student engagement and academic performance.
• Healthcare Access in Rural Areas : Exploring the barriers to healthcare access in rural communities and potential solutions.
• Workplace Diversity and Employee Performance : Analyzing how workplace diversity influences team dynamics and employee productivity.
• Renewable Energy Adoption : Studying the factors that influence the adoption of renewable energy sources in urban versus rural areas.
• AI in Healthcare Diagnostics : Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics.
• Gender Disparities in STEM Education : Investigating the causes and consequences of gender disparities in STEM education and careers.
• Urbanization and Housing Affordability : Exploring the impact of rapid urbanization on housing affordability and availability in major cities.
• Public Transportation Efficiency : Assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of public transportation systems in reducing urban traffic congestion.

Research Problem Examples for Students

• The Impact of Homework on Academic Achievement in High School Students
• The Relationship Between Sleep Patterns and Academic Performance in College Students
• The Effects of Extracurricular Activities on Social Skills Development
• Influence of Parental Involvement on Students’ Attitudes Toward Learning
• The Role of Technology in Enhancing Classroom Learning
• Factors Contributing to Student Anxiety During Exams
• The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Improving Reading Skills
• Challenges Faced by International Students in Adapting to New Educational Systems
• Impact of Nutrition on Concentration and Academic Performance
• The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Access to Higher Education Opportunities

Research Problems Examples in Education

• Effect of Class Size on Student Learning Outcomes
• Impact of Technology Integration in Classroom Instruction
• Influence of Teacher Professional Development on Student Achievement
• Challenges in Implementing Inclusive Education for Students with Disabilities
• Effectiveness of Bilingual Education Programs on Language Proficiency
• Role of Parental Involvement in Enhancing Academic Performance
• Impact of School Leadership on Teacher Retention and Job Satisfaction
• Assessment of Remote Learning Efficacy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Barriers to STEM Education Participation Among Female Students
• Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Access to Quality Education

Research Problems Examples in Business

• Impact of Employee Engagement on Productivity and Retention
• Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behavior
• Challenges in Implementing Sustainable Business Practices
• Influence of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance
• Role of Corporate Culture in Driving Innovation
• Impact of Remote Work on Team Collaboration and Communication
• Strategies for Managing Supply Chain Disruptions
• Effect of Customer Feedback on Product Development
• Challenges in Expanding into International Markets
• Influence of Brand Loyalty on Customer Retention

Basic Research Problem Examples

• Effect of Sleep on Cognitive Function
• Impact of Exercise on Mental Health
• Influence of Diet on Academic Performance
• Role of Social Support in Stress Management
• Impact of Screen Time on Children’s Behavior
• Effects of Pollution on Public Health
• Influence of Music on Mood and Productivity
• Role of Genetics in Disease Susceptibility
• Impact of Advertising on Consumer Choices
• Effects of Climate Change on Local Wildlife

Research Problem in Research Methodology

A research problem in research methodology refers to an issue or gap in the process of conducting research that requires a solution. Examples include:

• Validity and Reliability of Measurement Tools : Ensuring that instruments used for data collection consistently produce accurate results.
• Selection of Appropriate Sampling Techniques : Determining the best sampling method to ensure the sample represents the population accurately.
• Bias in Data Collection and Analysis : Identifying and minimizing biases that can affect the validity of research findings.
• Ethical Considerations in Research : Addressing ethical issues related to participant consent, confidentiality, and data protection.
• Generalizability of Research Findings : Ensuring that research results are applicable to broader populations beyond the study sample.
• Mixed Methods Research Design : Effectively integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches in a single study.
• Data Interpretation and Reporting : Developing accurate and unbiased interpretations and reports of research findings.
• Longitudinal Study Challenges : Managing the complexities of conducting studies over extended periods.
• Control of Extraneous Variables : Identifying and controlling variables that can affect the dependent variable outside the study’s primary focus.
• Developing Theoretical Frameworks : Constructing robust frameworks that guide the research process and support hypothesis development.

Characteristics of a Research Problem

• Clarity : The research problem should be clearly defined, unambiguous, and understandable to all stakeholders.
• Specificity : It should be specific and narrow enough to be addressed comprehensively within the scope of the research.
• Relevance : The problem should be significant and relevant to the field of study, contributing to the advancement of knowledge or practice.
• Feasibility : It should be practical and manageable, considering the resources, time, and capabilities available to the researcher.
• Novelty : The research problem should address an original question or gap in the existing literature, providing new insights or perspectives.
• Researchability : The problem should be researchable using scientific methods, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
• Ethical Considerations : The research problem should be ethically sound, ensuring no harm to participants or the environment.
• Alignment with Objectives : The problem should align with the research objectives and goals, guiding the direction and purpose of the study.
• Measurability : It should be possible to measure and evaluate the outcomes related to the problem using appropriate metrics and methodologies.
• Contextualization : The problem should be placed within a broader context, considering theoretical frameworks, existing literature, and practical applications.

Types of Research Problems

• Aim: To describe the characteristics of a specific phenomenon or population.
• Example: “What are the key features of successful online education programs?”
• Aim: To compare two or more groups, variables, or phenomena.
• Example: “How does employee satisfaction differ between remote and on-site workers?”
• Aim: To determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
• Example: “What is the impact of leadership style on employee productivity?”
• Aim: To examine the relationship between two or more variables.
• Example: “What is the relationship between social media usage and self-esteem among teenagers?”
• Aim: To explore a new or under-researched area where little information is available.
• Example: “What are the emerging trends in consumer behavior post-pandemic?”
• Aim: To solve a specific, practical problem faced by an organization or society.
• Example: “How can small businesses improve their cybersecurity measures?”
• Aim: To expand existing theories or develop new theoretical frameworks.
• Example: “How can existing theories of motivation be integrated to better understand employee behavior?”
• Aim: To evaluate the effects of policies or suggest improvements.
• Example: “What are the effects of the new minimum wage laws on small businesses?”
• Aim: To investigate ethical issues within a field or practice.
• Example: “What are the ethical implications of AI in decision-making processes?”
• Aim: To address issues that span multiple disciplines or fields of study.
• Example: “How can principles of environmental science and economics be combined to develop sustainable business practices?”

How to Define a Research Problem

Defining a research problem involves several key steps that help in identifying and articulating a specific issue that needs investigation. Here’s a structured approach:

• Choose a general area of interest or field relevant to your expertise or curiosity. This can be broad initially and will be narrowed down through the next steps.
• Review existing research to understand what has already been studied. This helps in identifying gaps, inconsistencies, or areas that need further exploration.
• Based on your literature review, refine your broad topic to a more specific issue or aspect that has not been adequately addressed.
• Ensure the problem is significant and relevant to the field. It should address a real-world issue or theoretical gap that contributes to advancing knowledge or solving practical problems.
• Clearly articulate the problem in a concise and precise manner. This statement should explain what the problem is, why it is important, and how it impacts the field.
• Develop specific research questions that your study will answer. These questions should be directly related to your problem statement and guide the direction of your research.
• Establish clear research objectives that outline what you aim to achieve. Formulate hypotheses if applicable, which are testable predictions related to your research questions.
• Consider the resources, time, and scope of your study. Ensure that the research problem you have defined is feasible to investigate within the constraints you have.
• Discuss your defined research problem with peers, mentors, or experts in the field. Feedback can help refine and improve your problem statement.

Importance of Research Problem

The research problem is crucial as it forms the foundation of any research study, guiding the direction and focus of the investigation. It helps in:

• Defining Objectives : Clarifies the purpose and objectives of the research, ensuring the study remains focused and relevant.
• Guiding Research Design : Determines the methodology and approach, including data collection and analysis techniques.
• Identifying Significance : Highlights the importance and relevance of the study, demonstrating its potential impact on the field.
• Focusing Efforts : Helps researchers concentrate their efforts on addressing specific issues, leading to more precise and meaningful results.
• Resource Allocation : Assists in the efficient allocation of resources, including time, funding, and manpower, by prioritizing critical aspects of the research.

FAQ’s

Why is defining a research problem important.

Defining a research problem is crucial because it guides the research process, helps focus on specific objectives, and determines the direction of the study.

How do you identify a research problem?

Identify a research problem by reviewing existing literature, considering real-world issues, discussing with experts, and reflecting on personal experiences and observations.

What is the difference between a research problem and a research question?

A research problem identifies the issue to be addressed, while a research question is a specific query the research aims to answer.

Can a research problem change during the study?

Yes, a research problem can evolve as new data and insights emerge, requiring refinement or redefinition to better align with findings.

How do you formulate a research problem?

Formulate a research problem by clearly stating the issue, outlining its significance, and specifying the context and scope of the problem.

What is the role of literature review in identifying a research problem?

A literature review helps identify gaps, inconsistencies, and unresolved issues in existing research, which can guide the formulation of a research problem.

How does a research problem impact the research design?

The research problem shapes the research design by determining the methodology, data collection techniques, and analysis strategies needed to address the issue.

What are common sources of research problems?

Common sources include academic literature, practical experiences, societal issues, technological advancements, and gaps identified in previous research.

How specific should a research problem be?

A research problem should be specific enough to guide focused research but broad enough to allow comprehensive investigation and meaningful results.

How do research objectives relate to the research problem?

Research objectives are specific goals derived from the research problem, detailing what the study aims to achieve and how it plans to address the problem.

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