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UGC approved journals

UGC is the regulator for the Universities in India had come out with a list of reputed journals. These Journals are considered to be high in quality and ethics. The  UGC approved journals  are also known as the  UGC Care listed journals IRAJ International journals  collaborated with various  UGC-approved journals  to publish high-quality research papers. These journals flow the UGC Care guidelines strictly and all Central, State government and Private Universities in India recognize these Journals.

Who needs to publish in UGC-approved journals?

All Ph.D. Scholars, Professors, Associate Professors, Asst. Professors, Master and Bachelor students from all Engineering, Technology, Health care, General Science, Humanities, Social Science, etc. can publish their research papers to full fill  their degree and academic need .

How to Publish in UGC-approved journals?

Submit your research paper to  IRAJ International journals for Publication in the UGC Care listed Journals.

UGC Paper Submission Requirements

• Submit your paper in. Doc Format within 10 pages in single-column format.
• Contact Number/Whatsapp number
• Print journal (Only Pdf and Hard copy of the journal, No Online link)
• Online journal(Only Online link, No hard copy)

Duration of Review:  10 to 20 days( Depends on the Journal’s editorial board) Duration of Publication:  15 to 45 days Publication fees:  3000INR to 20000INR (* T&C applied)

Will Scopus and WoS Indexed Journals be considered UGC Care journals?

Yes, as per the UGC Care list Website, all journals actively indexed in Scopus and Wos are considered in UGC Care list Group-2  https://ugccare.unipune.ac.in/apps1/home/index

Any queries related to UGC Care listed journal Contact Technical Editor Contact/Whatsapp: +91-9040435740

• It's the Author's  Sole responsibility  to check the status of the Journal's Publication information(ISSN), Indexing and Impact factor information from the journal's home page, UGC Care Website or using his/her own source. We will not be responsible for any changes in the journal's authenticity, Indexing, and impact factor status or coming in the clone list in the future and no money will be refunded after publication.
• As per the Guidelines if your paper got accepted for the UGC Care listed Journal then you need to pay the Article Processing Charge (Non-Refundable).

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Journal of Indian Institute of Science

 A Multidisciplinary Reviews Journal

The Journal of the Indian Institute of Science is published by the Institute since 1914. Its historic significance lies in the fact that it is the second scientific journal to be published from India. Since its origin, research work carried out by the Institute and other institutions around the world was accepted for publication in the journal.

The current format of the Journal came about in 2007 to focus exclusively on invited reviews on specific themes, each issue being edited by eminent researchers who serve as Guest Editors. Since then, this Journal has become a quarterly with large circulation in India and abroad. This Journal is the right medium to reach out to scientific and educational institutions, industrial R&D, government research laboratories, students, scientists, engineers, engineering college teachers, policy makers and project leaders in science and technology.

Podcasts of the Journal of the IISc ( Recent issues)

Volume 102 Issue 4 , Title: Probability and Statistics Special Issue. Guest Editor: Arni S.R. Srinivasa Rao

Volume 102 Issue 3, Title: Number Theory and Representation Theory Special Issue. Guest Editors: Radhika Ganapathy, Apoorva Khare, R. Venkatesh

Volume 102 Issue 2 , Title: Public Health Special Issue. Guest Editors: Dr. R. K. Ramakrishna and Dr. Sudhir Krishna

Volume 102, Issue 1 , Title: Materials engineering for a Sustainable future

Volume 101, Issue 4 , Title: Landfills

Volume 101, Issue 3, Title: Emerging Trends in Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems, Guest Editors: Abhijin Adiga, S. S. Ravi and Anil Vullikanti

Volume 101, issue 2, Title: Molecular Ecology and Wildlife Conservation, Guest Editor: Prof. Uma Ramakrishnan

Volume 101, Issue 1,  Title: Cytoskeletal Mechanics and Motor Proteins, Guest editor: Prof. Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan

Click here for the News article in Business line following a recent review paper on “ Eggshell waste: A goldmine for sustainable ceramics”  published in the IISc journal

Journal Softcopies:

Volume 102, Issue 4 October 2022

Volume 102, Issue 3 July 2022

Volume 102, Issue 2 January 2022

Volume 102, Issue 1 January 2022

Volume 101, issue 4 July 2021

Volume 101, issue 3 July 2021

Volume 101, issue 2 April 2021

Volume 101, issue 1, January 2021

Volume 100, issue 1, January 2020

A multidisciplinary Reviews Journal – Poster

Multidisciplinary Review Themes

Suggestions

Aims and Scope

The journal aims to serve the scientific community through scholarly review articles by experts of renown.  Started in 1914 as the second scientific journal to be published from India, the Journal of the Indian Institute of Science became a multidisciplinary reviews journal covering all disciplines of science, engineering and technology in 2007. Since then each issue is devoted to a specific topic of contemporary research interest guest-edited by eminent researchers. Authors selected by the Guest Editor(s) and/or the Editorial Board are invited to submit their review articles; each issue is expected to serve as a state-of-the-art review of a topic from multiple viewpoints.

Editor-in-Chief G. K. Ananthasuresh, P/Mech., Engg., IISc

Executive Editor Kaushal Verma, P/Mathematics, Chair, Office of Communications – Ex-Officio

E ditorial Board E. Arunan, P/ Inorganic and Physical Chemistry (IPC), IISc Rashna Bhandari, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) Madhavi Latha Gali, P/Civil Engg., IISc Anil Kumar, Dept. of Chemistry, IIT Bombay Prabal K. Maiti, P/Physics, IISc Biman B. Mandal, Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati (IITG) Sanjay P. Sane, NCBS, Bangalore Aravind Srinivasan, Department of Computer Science and UMIACS at UMD, Rajesh Sundaresan, P/RBCCPS, IISc Gaurav Tomar, AcP, Mech. Engg., IISc Editorial Assistant: Leelakshi M.V.

Journal of the Indian Institute of Science

Published by, Office of Communications | IIScPress Indian Institute of Science CV Raman Avenue, Malleswara BENGALURU 560 012, INDIA Call: 080-2293 2750/2066/2618 Mail:  [email protected]

Welcome to Indian Journal of Scientific Research

Indian Journal of Scientific Research(IJSR) is the official organ of Global Academic Society. Indian Journal of Scientific Research is a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed, Open Access, International journal of science and technology. The scope of journal is therefore necessarily broad to cover recent discoveries in structural and functional principles of scientific research. It encourage and provide a forum for the publication of research work in different fields of pure and applied sciences .

The Journal publishes selected original research articles , reviews ,short communication and book reviews in the fields of Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Medical Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Sciences ,Natural Sciences Technological Sciences and any other branch of related sciences. The Journal will be regularly published and issued biannually

Editorial Office Address & Communication

Dr. Deepak Kumar Srivastava Chief Editor, Indian Journal of Scientific Research 529 D/1/P-002, Pragati Vihar, Kalyanpur, Lucknow , Pin Code-226022, U.P., India Phone: +91-9415370131, +91-8299828702

Publication Office Address

Global Academic Society 529 D/1/P-002, Pragati Vihar, Kalyanpur, Lucknow , Pin Code-226022, U.P., India Phone: +91-9415370131, +91-8299828702 Email: [email protected] Website: www.gaslko.in

Current Issue

Click on the Cover to See the Current Contents

Regular Issue

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Conference issue, call for papers.

Indian journal of Scientific Research(IJSR) is the official organ of Global Academic Society. Indian journal of Scientific Research is a Multidisciplinary,Peer Reviewed,Open Access, International...

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Journal of Indian Business Research

• Submit your paper
• Author guidelines
• Editorial team
• Indexing & metrics
• Calls for papers & news

Before you start

For queries relating to the status of your paper pre decision, please contact the Editor or Journal Editorial Office. For queries post acceptance, please contact the Supplier Project Manager. These details can be found in the Editorial Team section.

Author responsibilities

Our goal is to provide you with a professional and courteous experience at each stage of the review and publication process. There are also some responsibilities that sit with you as the author. Our expectation is that you will:

• Respond swiftly to any queries during the publication process.
• Be accountable for all aspects of your work. This includes investigating and resolving any questions about accuracy or research integrity .
• Treat communications between you and the journal editor as confidential until an editorial decision has been made.
• Include anyone who has made a substantial and meaningful contribution to the submission (anyone else involved in the paper should be listed in the acknowledgements).
• Exclude anyone who hasn’t contributed to the paper, or who has chosen not to be associated with the research.
• In accordance with COPE’s position statement on AI tools , Large Language Models cannot be credited with authorship as they are incapable of conceptualising a research design without human direction and cannot be accountable for the integrity, originality, and validity of the published work. The author(s) must describe the content created or modified as well as appropriately cite the name and version of the AI tool used; any additional works drawn on by the AI tool should also be appropriately cited and referenced. Standard tools that are used to improve spelling and grammar are not included within the parameters of this guidance. The Editor and Publisher reserve the right to determine whether the use of an AI tool is permissible.
• If your article involves human participants, you must ensure you have considered whether or not you require ethical approval for your research, and include this information as part of your submission. Find out more about informed consent .

Generative AI usage key principles

• Copywriting any part of an article using a generative AI tool/LLM would not be permissible, including the generation of the abstract or the literature review, for as per Emerald’s authorship criteria, the author(s) must be responsible for the work and accountable for its accuracy, integrity, and validity.
• The generation or reporting of results using a generative AI tool/LLM is not permissible, for as per Emerald’s authorship criteria, the author(s) must be responsible for the creation and interpretation of their work and accountable for its accuracy, integrity, and validity.
• The in-text reporting of statistics using a generative AI tool/LLM is not permissible due to concerns over the authenticity, integrity, and validity of the data produced, although the use of such a tool to aid in the analysis of the work would be permissible.
• Copy-editing an article using a generative AI tool/LLM in order to improve its language and readability would be permissible as this mirrors standard tools already employed to improve spelling and grammar, and uses existing author-created material, rather than generating wholly new content, while the author(s) remains responsible for the original work.
• The submission and publication of images created by AI tools or large-scale generative models is not permitted.

Research and publishing ethics

Our editors and employees work hard to ensure the content we publish is ethically sound. To help us achieve that goal, we closely follow the advice laid out in the guidelines and flowcharts on the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) website .

We have also developed our research and publishing ethics guidelines . If you haven’t already read these, we urge you to do so – they will help you avoid the most common publishing ethics issues.

A few key points:

• Any manuscript you submit to this journal should be original. That means it should not have been published before in its current, or similar, form. Exceptions to this rule are outlined in our pre-print and conference paper policies .  If any substantial element of your paper has been previously published, you need to declare this to the journal editor upon submission. Please note, the journal editor may use  Crossref Similarity Check  to check on the originality of submissions received. This service compares submissions against a database of 49 million works from 800 scholarly publishers.
• Your work should not have been submitted elsewhere and should not be under consideration by any other publication.
• If you have a conflict of interest, you must declare it upon submission; this allows the editor to decide how they would like to proceed. Read about conflict of interest in our research and publishing ethics guidelines .
• By submitting your work to Emerald, you are guaranteeing that the work is not in infringement of any existing copyright.
• If you have written about a company/individual/organisation in detail using information that is not publicly available, have spent time within that company/organisation, or the work features named/interviewed employees, you will need to clear permission by using the  consent to publish form ; please also see our permissions guidance for full details. If you have to clear permission with the company/individual/organisation, consent must be given either by the named individual in question or their representative, a board member of the company/organisation, or a HR department representative of the company/organisation.
• You have an ethical obligation and responsibility to conduct your research in adherence to national and international research ethics guidelines, as well as the ethical principles outlined by your discipline and any relevant authorities, and to be transparent about your research methods in such a way that all involved in the publication process may fairly and appropriately evaluate your work. For all research involving human participants, you must ensure that you have obtained informed consent, meaning that you must inform all participants in your work (or their legal representative) as to why the research is being conducted, whether their anonymity is protected, how their data will be stored and used, and whether there are any associated risks from participation in the study; the submitted work must confirm that informed consent was obtained and detail how this was addressed in accordance with our policy on informed consent .  
• Where appropriate, you must provide an ethical statement within the submitted work confirming that your research received institutional and national (or international) ethical approval, and that it complies with all relevant guidelines and regulations for studies involving humans, whether that be data, individuals, or samples. Specifically, the statement should contain the name and location of the institutional ethics reviewing committee or review board, the approval number, the date of approval, and the details of the national or international guidelines that were followed, as well as any other relevant information. You should also include details of how the work adheres to relevant consent guidelines along with confirming that informed consent was secured for all participants. The details of these statements should ensure that author and participant anonymity is not compromised. Any work submitted without a suitable ethical statement and details of informed consent for all participants, where required, will be returned to the authors and will not be considered further until appropriate and clear documentation is provided. Emerald reserves the right to reject work without sufficient evidence of informed consent from human participants and ethical approval where required.

Third party copyright permissions

Prior to article submission, you need to ensure you’ve applied for, and received, written permission to use any material in your manuscript that has been created by a third party. Please note, we are unable to publish any article that still has permissions pending. The rights we require are:

• Non-exclusive rights to reproduce the material in the article or book chapter.
• Print and electronic rights.
• Worldwide English-language rights.
• To use the material for the life of the work. That means there should be no time restrictions on its re-use e.g. a one-year licence.

We are a member of the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (STM) and participate in the STM permissions guidelines , a reciprocal free exchange of material with other STM publishers.  In some cases, this may mean that you don’t need permission to re-use content. If so, please highlight this at the submission stage.

Please take a few moments to read our guide to publishing permissions  to ensure you have met all the requirements, so that we can process your submission without delay.

Open access submissions and information

All our journals currently offer two open access (OA) publishing paths; gold open access and green open access.

If you would like to, or are required to, make the branded publisher PDF (also known as the version of record) freely available immediately upon publication, you can select the gold open access route once your paper is accepted. 

If you’ve chosen to publish gold open access, this is the point you will be asked to pay the APC (article processing charge) . This varies per journal and can be found on our APC price list or on the editorial system at the point of submission. Your article will be published with a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 user licence , which outlines how readers can reuse your work.

Alternatively, if you would like to, or are required to, publish open access but your funding doesn’t cover the cost of the APC, you can choose the green open access, or self-archiving, route. As soon as your article is published, you can make the author accepted manuscript (the version accepted for publication) openly available, free from payment and embargo periods.

You can find out more about our open access routes, our APCs and waivers and read our FAQs on our open research page. 

Find out about open

Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines

We are a signatory of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines , a framework that supports the reproducibility of research through the adoption of transparent research practices. That means we encourage you to:

• Cite and fully reference all data, program code, and other methods in your article.
• Include persistent identifiers, such as a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), in references for datasets and program codes. Persistent identifiers ensure future access to unique published digital objects, such as a piece of text or datasets. Persistent identifiers are assigned to datasets by digital archives, such as institutional repositories and partners in the Data Preservation Alliance for the Social Sciences (Data-PASS).
• Follow appropriate international and national procedures with respect to data protection, rights to privacy and other ethical considerations, whenever you cite data. For further guidance please refer to our  research and publishing ethics guidelines . For an example on how to cite datasets, please refer to the references section below.

Prepare your submission

Manuscript support services.

We are pleased to partner with Editage, a platform that connects you with relevant experts in language support, translation, editing, visuals, consulting, and more. After you’ve agreed a fee, they will work with you to enhance your manuscript and get it submission-ready.

This is an optional service for authors who feel they need a little extra support. It does not guarantee your work will be accepted for review or publication.

Visit Editage

Manuscript requirements

Before you submit your manuscript, it’s important you read and follow the guidelines below. You will also find some useful tips in our structure your journal submission how-to guide.

Submit your manuscript

There are a number of key steps you should follow to ensure a smooth and trouble-free submission.

Double check your manuscript

Before submitting your work, it is your responsibility to check that the manuscript is complete, grammatically correct, and without spelling or typographical errors. A few other important points:

• Give the journal aims and scope a final read. Is your manuscript definitely a good fit? If it isn’t, the editor may decline it without peer review.
• Does your manuscript comply with our research and publishing ethics guidelines ?
• Have you cleared any necessary publishing permissions ?
• Have you followed all the formatting requirements laid out in these author guidelines?
• If you need to refer to your own work, use wording such as ‘previous research has demonstrated’ not ‘our previous research has demonstrated’.
• If you need to refer to your own, currently unpublished work, don’t include this work in the reference list.
• Any acknowledgments or author biographies should be uploaded as separate files.
• Carry out a final check to ensure that no author names appear anywhere in the manuscript. This includes in figures or captions.

You will find a helpful submission checklist on the website Think.Check.Submit .

The submission process

All manuscripts should be submitted through our editorial system by the corresponding author.

The only way to submit to the journal is through the journal’s ScholarOne site as accessed via the Emerald website, and not by email or through any third-party agent/company, journal representative, or website. Submissions should be done directly by the author(s) through the ScholarOne site and not via a third-party proxy on their behalf.

A separate author account is required for each journal you submit to. If this is your first time submitting to this journal, please choose the Create an account or Register now option in the editorial system. If you already have an Emerald login, you are welcome to reuse the existing username and password here.

Please note, the next time you log into the system, you will be asked for your username. This will be the email address you entered when you set up your account.

Don't forget to add your  ORCiD ID during the submission process. It will be embedded in your published article, along with a link to the ORCiD registry allowing others to easily match you with your work.

Don’t have one yet? It only takes a few moments to register for a free ORCiD identifier .

Visit the ScholarOne support centre  for further help and guidance.

What you can expect next

You will receive an automated email from the journal editor, confirming your successful submission. It will provide you with a manuscript number, which will be used in all future correspondence about your submission. If you have any reason to suspect the confirmation email you receive might be fraudulent, please contact the journal editor in the first instance.

Post submission

Review and decision process.

Each submission is checked by the editor. At this stage, they may choose to decline or unsubmit your manuscript if it doesn’t fit the journal aims and scope, or they feel the language/manuscript quality is too low.

If they think it might be suitable for the publication, they will send it to at least two independent referees for double anonymous peer review.  Once these reviewers have provided their feedback, the editor may decide to accept your manuscript, request minor or major revisions, or decline your work.

While all journals work to different timescales, the goal is that the editor will inform you of their first decision within 60 days.

During this period, we will send you automated updates on the progress of your manuscript via our submission system, or you can log in to check on the current status of your paper.  Each time we contact you, we will quote the manuscript number you were given at the point of submission. If you receive an email that does not match these criteria, it could be fraudulent and we recommend you contact the journal editor in the first instance.

Manuscript transfer service

Emerald’s manuscript transfer service takes the pain out of the submission process if your manuscript doesn’t fit your initial journal choice. Our team of expert Editors from participating journals work together to identify alternative journals that better align with your research, ensuring your work finds the ideal publication home it deserves. Our dedicated team is committed to supporting authors like you in finding the right home for your research.

If a journal is participating in the manuscript transfer program, the Editor has the option to recommend your paper for transfer. If a transfer decision is made by the Editor, you will receive an email with the details of the recommended journal and the option to accept or reject the transfer. It’s always down to you as the author to decide if you’d like to accept. If you do accept, your paper and any reviewer reports will automatically be transferred to the recommended journals. Authors will then confirm resubmissions in the new journal’s ScholarOne system.

Our Manuscript Transfer Service page has more information on the process.

If your submission is accepted

Open access.

Once your paper is accepted, you will have the opportunity to indicate whether you would like to publish your paper via the gold open access route.

If you’ve chosen to publish gold open access, this is the point you will be asked to pay the APC (article processing charge).  This varies per journal and can be found on our APC price list or on the editorial system at the point of submission. Your article will be published with a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 user licence , which outlines how readers can reuse your work.

For UK journal article authors - if you wish to submit your work accepted by Emerald to REF 2021, you must make a ‘closed deposit’ of your accepted manuscript to your respective institutional repository upon acceptance of your article. Articles accepted for publication after 1st April 2018 should be deposited as soon as possible, but no later than three months after the acceptance date. For further information and guidance, please refer to the REF 2021 website.

All accepted authors are sent an email with a link to a licence form.  This should be checked for accuracy, for example whether contact and affiliation details are up to date and your name is spelled correctly, and then returned to us electronically. If there is a reason why you can’t assign copyright to us, you should discuss this with your journal content editor. You will find their contact details on the editorial team section above.

Proofing and typesetting

Once we have received your completed licence form, the article will pass directly into the production process. We will carry out editorial checks, copyediting, and typesetting and then return proofs to you (if you are the corresponding author) for your review. This is your opportunity to correct any typographical errors, grammatical errors or incorrect author details. We can’t accept requests to rewrite texts at this stage.

When the page proofs are finalised, the fully typeset and proofed version of record is published online. This is referred to as the EarlyCite version. While an EarlyCite article has yet to be assigned to a volume or issue, it does have a digital object identifier (DOI) and is fully citable. It will be compiled into an issue according to the journal’s issue schedule, with papers being added by chronological date of publication.

How to share your paper

Visit our author rights page  to find out how you can reuse and share your work.

To find tips on increasing the visibility of your published paper, read about  how to promote your work .

Correcting inaccuracies in your published paper

Sometimes errors are made during the research, writing and publishing processes. When these issues arise, we have the option of withdrawing the paper or introducing a correction notice. Find out more about our  article withdrawal and correction policies .

Need to make a change to the author list? See our frequently asked questions (FAQs) below.

Frequently asked questions

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr G Shainesh Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) - India [email protected]

Editorial Associate

• Anicar D. Manavi M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru - India [email protected]

Area Editor

• Dr Kshitij Awasthi (Corporate Strategy and Policy) IIM Lucknow - India [email protected]
• Professor Sourav Borah (Marketing) Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA) - India [email protected]
• Professor C. P. Gupta (Finance) MDI Gurgaon - India [email protected]
• Associate Professor Tarun Jain (Operations and Supply Chain Management) Indian Institute of Management at Bangalore - India [email protected]
• Dr Srivardhini K Jha (Entrepreneurship and Innovation) IIM Bangalore - India [email protected]
• Dr Dinesh Kumar (Business Analytics) Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) - India [email protected]
• Dr Pearl Malhotra (HR) Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) - India [email protected]
• Dr Amit Mookerjee (Marketing) Delhi Technological University - India [email protected]
• Professor M S Narasimhan (Accounting) Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) - India [email protected]
• Bhuvanesh Pareek (Decision Sciences) Indian Institute of Management at Bangalore - India [email protected]
• Dr. Vidyasagar Potdar (Operations Management) Curtin University - Australia [email protected]
• Professor Ganesh Prabhu (Corporate Strategy and Policy) Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) - India [email protected]
• Professor G Ramesh (Governance and Public Policy) Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) - India [email protected]
• Professor Sanjit Roy (Marketing) Edith Cowan University - Australia [email protected]
• Dr Suren Sista (Marketing) Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC) - India [email protected]
• Dr. Shirish C. Srivastava (IS and e-Governance) HEC Paris - France [email protected]
• Dr Jay Uparna (OB and HR) Indian Institute of Management Udaipur (IIMU) - India [email protected]
• Professor C Veeramani (Economics) Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR) - India [email protected]
• Chloe Campbell Emerald Publishing - UK [email protected]

Journal Editorial Office (For queries related to pre-acceptance)

• Manmeet Nirmal Emerald Publishing [email protected]

Supplier Project Manager (For queries related to post-acceptance)

• Sonali Durge Emerald Publishing [email protected]

Editorial Advisory Board

• Dr Raj Aggarwal Kent State University - USA
• Dr Madhukar Angur Alliance University - India
• Dr V.N. Balasubramanyam Lancaster University Management School - UK
• Ms Rama Bijapurkar Consultant - India
• Dr Jean J Boddewyn Baruch College - USA
• Dr Alok Chakrabarti New Jersey Institute of Technology - USA
• Dr Samir Ranjan Chatterjee Curtin Business School - Australia
• Dr Nicolas Forsans University of Essex - UK
• Mr R Gopalakrishnan Tata Sons - India
• Dr Vipin Gupta California State University, San Bernardino - USA
• Dr Ravi Jagannathan Northwestern University - USA
• Dr Sharan Jagpal Rutgers University, New Jersey - USA
• Dr G.K. Kalyanaram GK Associates - USA
• Dr Naresh K Malhotra Georgia Tech - USA
• Dr Sugata Marjit City University of Hong Kong - Hong Kong
• Dr Wolfgang Messner Capgemini - UK
• Dr Jagmohan S. Raju The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania - USA
• Dr Ram Ramaseshan Curtin University of Technology - Australia
• Professor Vithala R. Rao Cornell University - USA
• Professor B. S. Sahay Indian Institute of Management Jammu - India
• Professor Piyush Sharma Curtin Business School (CBS) - Australia
• Professor Jagdish N Sheth Emory University - USA
• Professor Devi Singh Indian Institute of Management Lucknow - India
• Dr Kirpal Singh Singapore Management University - Singapore
• Dr S.N. Sridhar State University of New York, Stony Brook - USA
• Dr Narasimhan Srinivasan Ph.D. Marketing, School of Business, University of Connecticut - USA
• Dr V Seenu Srinivasan Stanford Graduate School of Business - USA
• Dr M J Xavier VIT Business School - India

Editorial Review Board

• Dr Saibal Chattopadhyay Indian Institute of Management Calcutta - India
• Dr Sonjaya S. Gaur NYU School of Professional Studies, New York University - USA
• Dr Prasad Kaipa Kaipa Group - USA
• Dr Neeru Malhotra Aston University - UK
• Dr Vivek S. Natarajan Lamar University, Texas - USA
• Dr Farzana Quoquab University Teknologi Malaysia - Malaysia
• Dr Ramana Sonti Indian School of Business - India
• Dr Ramabhadran S Thirumalai Indian School of Business - India

Citation metrics

CiteScore 2023

Further information

CiteScore is a simple way of measuring the citation impact of sources, such as journals.

Calculating the CiteScore is based on the number of citations to documents (articles, reviews, conference papers, book chapters, and data papers) by a journal over four years, divided by the number of the same document types indexed in Scopus and published in those same four years.

For more information and methodology visit the Scopus definition

CiteScore Tracker 2024

(updated monthly)

CiteScore Tracker is calculated in the same way as CiteScore, but for the current year rather than previous, complete years.

The CiteScore Tracker calculation is updated every month, as a current indication of a title's performance.

2023 Impact Factor

The Journal Impact Factor is published each year by Clarivate Analytics. It is a measure of the number of times an average paper in a particular journal is cited during the preceding two years.

For more information and methodology see Clarivate Analytics

5-year Impact Factor (2023)

A base of five years may be more appropriate for journals in certain fields because the body of citations may not be large enough to make reasonable comparisons, or it may take longer than two years to publish and distribute leading to a longer period before others cite the work.

Actual value is intentionally only displayed for the most recent year. Earlier values are available in the Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics .

Publication timeline

Time to first decision

Time to first decision , expressed in days, the "first decision" occurs when the journal’s editorial team reviews the peer reviewers’ comments and recommendations. Based on this feedback, they decide whether to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript.

Data is taken from submissions between 1st June 2023 and 31st May 2024

Acceptance to publication

Acceptance to publication , expressed in days, is the average time between when the journal’s editorial team decide whether to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript and the date of publication in the journal. 

Data is taken from the previous 12 months (Last updated July 2024)

Acceptance rate

The acceptance rate is a measurement of how many manuscripts a journal accepts for publication compared to the total number of manuscripts submitted expressed as a percentage %

Data is taken from submissions between 1st June 2023 and 31st May 2024 .

This figure is the total amount of downloads for all articles published early cite in the last 12 months

(Last updated: July 2024)

This journal is abstracted and indexed by

• ABDC Rankings - C Rank
• Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Management & Marketing
• EBSCO Discovery Service
• Emerging Sources Citation Index (Clarivate Analytics)
• International Bibliography of Social Sciences
• Zetoc (British Library)

Reviewer information

Peer review process.

This journal engages in a double-anonymous peer review process, which strives to match the expertise of a reviewer with the submitted manuscript. Reviews are completed with evidence of thoughtful engagement with the manuscript, provide constructive feedback, and add value to the overall knowledge and information presented in the manuscript.

The mission of the peer review process is to achieve excellence and rigour in scholarly publications and research.

Our vision is to give voice to professionals in the subject area who contribute unique and diverse scholarly perspectives to the field.

The journal values diverse perspectives from the field and reviewers who provide critical, constructive, and respectful feedback to authors. Reviewers come from a variety of organizations, careers, and backgrounds from around the world.

All invitations to review, abstracts, manuscripts, and reviews should be kept confidential. Reviewers must not share their review or information about the review process with anyone without the agreement of the editors and authors involved, even after publication. This also applies to other reviewers’ “comments to author” which are shared with you on decision.

Resources to guide you through the review process

Discover practical tips and guidance on all aspects of peer review in our reviewers' section. See how being a reviewer could benefit your career, and discover what's involved in shaping a review.

More reviewer information

Thank you to the 2022 Reviewers of Journal of Indian Business Research

The publishing and editorial teams would like to thank the following, for their invaluable service as 2022 reviewers for this journal. We are very grateful for the contributions made. With their help, the journal has been able to publish such high...

Thank you to the 2021 Reviewers of Journal of Indian Business Research

The publishing and editorial teams would like to thank the following, for their invaluable service as 2021 reviewers for this journal. We are very grateful for the contributions made. With their help, the journal has been able to publish such high...

Literati awards

Journal of Indian Business Research - Literati Award Winners 2022 

We are pleased to announce our 2022 Literati Award winners. Outstanding Paper Role of impulsiveness in onli...

Journal of Indian Business Research - Literati Award Winners 2020

We are pleased to announce our 2020 Literati Award winners. Outstanding Paper A model for evaluating the paradoxical impacts of org...

The Journal of Indian Business Research is a leading specialist reference resource of academic information and analysis on Indian business.

Aims and scope

The Journal of Indian Business Research (JIBR) is a leading specialist reference resource of academic information and analysis on Indian business. JIBR highlights cutting-edge research, new concepts and theories, fresh practical ideas and initiatives that can be readily applied to understand the business strategies of Indian companies, both in and outside of India, as well as the business strategies of foreign firms operating within India.

The journal publishes research pertaining to all functional aspects of business, such as marketing, finance, accounting, management information systems, human resource management, organizational behaviour, public systems, strategic management and services.

JIBR publishes articles that facilitate a new understanding of Indian business while simultaneously making significant contributions to the theoretical advancement of the discipline. All articles appearing in the journal will be double-blind reviewed to ensure academic rigour and practical relevance.

Latest articles

These are the latest articles published in this journal (Last updated: July 2024)

Evaluating the millennial mothers' relationship building process with baby care brands across two emerging economies

Can hero help in employee engagement a systematic review and meta-analysis, understanding the behavioural drivers of mindful consumption: a study on the use of sustainable menstrual products, top downloaded articles.

These are the most downloaded articles over the last 12 months for this journal (Last updated: July 2024)

Do eco-labels trigger green product purchase intention among emerging market consumers?

Selection determinants and value creation in private equity investment: a systematic literature review, revisiting brand performance metrics and its impact on customer loyalty in indian banking sector: role of relational quality and duration.

These are the top cited articles for this journal, from the last 12 months according to Crossref (Last updated: July 2024)

Towards customer-centric sustainability: how mindful advertising influences mindful consumption behaviour

This title is aligned with our responsible management goal

We aim to champion researchers, practitioners, policymakers and organisations who share our goals of contributing to a more ethical, responsible and sustainable way of working.

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Indian Agricultural Research Journals

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

A journal devoted to experimental agriculture and abstracted by all the major abstracting services. It includes articles on cytology, genetics, breeding, agronomy, soil science, horticulture, water use, microbiology, plant diseases and pest, agricultural engineering, economics and statistics with emphasis on original articles, from India and countries having similar agricultural conditions. NAAS Rating (2024): 6.4

Indexed in Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, SJIF, DOAJ, Google Scholar and Crossref EDITORIAL BOARD Subscription Information for Print Version

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The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

This journal caters to a wide clientele comprising veterinarians, researchers and students. Articles are included on animal breeding and genetics, immunology, biotechnology, diseases, medicine and pharmacology, anatomy and histology, surgery, pathology, physiology, nutrition, milk, meat and other animal products, housing and fisheries from India and internationally. NAAS Rating (2024): 6.4

Indexed in Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, SJIF, DOAJ, Google Scholar and Crossref 

EDITORIAL BOARD Subscription Information for Print Version

Indian Journal of Fisheries

The Indian Journal of Fisheries is published quarterly by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). Original contributions in the field of fish and fisheries science will be considered for publication in the Journal. The material submitted must be unpublished and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Papers based on research which kills or damages any species, regarded as threatened/ endangered as per IUCN criteria or is as such listed in the Red Data Book appropriate to the geographic area concerned, will not be accepted by the Journal, unless the work has clear conservation objectives

Editorial Board

Fishery Technology

The Fishery technology is an international peer reviewed journal that provides essential information regarding aquaculture, fishing technology, fish processing and fishery resource management. The Journal is published quarterly (January, April, July and October) by the Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, Kerala, India. The manuscripts have to be submitted online through the URL: http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/FT.

The Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) has instituted the Best Paper Award for the best scientific paper appearing in the journal every year. The Award carries a citation and a cash component of Rs. 5000/-

Subscription Details (Print Journal)

Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality

The Journal (JSSWQ) was started in 2009 and since then biannual issues are being published regularly, June and December issues containing approximately 300 printed and online pages.

Potato Journal

Potato Journal;  formerly (till year 2003) known as “Journal of the Indian Potato Association”, is official journal of the Indian Potato Association (IPA).The  IPA was established in 1974 and registered under the “Indian Societies Registration Act XXI” of 1860 (registration No. 206/74; dated 15th June 1974). The journal covers all areas of potato research including Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology, Agronomy, Soil Science, Seed Technology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Storage, Physiology, Biochemistry, Post Harvest Technology, Agricultural Economics, Marketing, Statistics, Extension and Farm Machinery. The journal is published in two issues to form one volume per year. Information for authors can be found at the end of each issue. Acknowledgments to reviewers are published in the December issue. The IPA was founded with the objectives to advance the cause of potato research and development. Besides publishing Potato Journal (Formerly Journal of Indian Potato Association), the IPA also holds conferences, symposia and workshops to provide opportunities for personal contacts among potato workers to promote and exchange scientific and other information and to develop means of interaction among potato researchers, industry, farmers and consumers.

          Potato Journal publishes reviews, full length papers, short notes and book reviews on basic and applied research on potato.  Potato Journal   does not charge any Article Processing Charges (APCs). The authors should be members of the IPA (foreign authors are exempted). Instruction related to acquiring IPA membership is provided under “Subscription Information” Section.

Cotton Research Journal

The inaugural issue of the ISCI Journal was published in January 1976 , since then the periodical has witnessed increasing patronage from cotton scientists from all over India and abroad. By 1990s, the 6- monthly journal had transformed into a quarterly publication to accommodate the rising number of articles originating from ICAR institutes and agricultural universities in which government funded research programmes were on the increase.

Indian Farming

This magazine is for people interested-in-farming. The aim is to present scientific information in a popular style to the progressive farmers and people interested in application of science to day-to-day problems to Indian farming. It has articles, book reviews, photo features, interviews, success stories and an editorial page. Two special issues are also brought every year. One in October on World Food Day and another on any special occasion; accent issues are also brought out on subject of topical issues. It is most authoritative and popular farming magazine in India published since 1940.

Subscription Information for Print Version

Indian Journal of Extension Education

The Indian Journal of Extension Education (ISSN 0537-1996, eISSN 2454-552X) is the peer-reviewed, official publication of the Indian Society of Extension Education,  (ISEE) New Delhi publishing original research papers/ research notes/ research tools in the field of extension education and allied fields since 1965 . The Indian Society of Extension Education, Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi is a registered professional society under the societies registration act XXI of 1860  (Punjab Amendment) Act 1957 as extended to Union Territory of Delhi under registration number S-2504 dated 22.06.1964 .   The  Indian Journal of Extension Education is  published quarterly and UGC CARE Listed since January 2023.

Indexed in  Elsevier Scopus,  CAB International, Index Copernicus International Journal Master list, Google Scholar, Scilit, Semantic Scholar, AGRIS of FAO, BASE, WorldCat, EBSCO, Crossref, PlumX, Mendeley, etc.  

The Scopus cite score 0.7 of in June 2024 ( https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100846015 )

NAAS rating:  4.58 ( January 2024)  

NAAS Journal ID: I063 ( Effective from January 2024)

Indian Horticulture

A semi technical magazine devoted to publishing articles on new techniques of raising vegetables, fruits and flowers from India and countries having similar agricultural conditions. Special issues are also brought out on topical issues. It is bimonthly.

Open Access Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Welcome to Open Access Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ( OAJMAP ) the only Open Access journal dedicated to the field of medicinal and aromatic plants. It is managed and published by the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India ( MAPAI ) hosted by the Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research ( DMAPR ), formerly, National Research Centre for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boriavi, Anand 387310, Gujarat, India. This Journal is indexed and abstracted by Bielefeld Academic Search Engine ( BASE ), CABI , Chemical Abstracts Service ( CAS ), DOAJ , Google Scholar , Open J-Gate , Scopus , Scirus and SCImago Journal Rank ( SJR ). And is a proud partner of the CIARD RING and GODAN . EDITORIAL BOARD

Journal of Agricultural Engineering

The Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) is a peer-reviewed Journal and publishes interdisciplinary basic and applied research manuscripts of engineering and technology to address the problems of agricultural, food, and biological systems. The journal publishes papers of both theoretical and applied nature, with a special focus on experimental research, new design criteria, mathematical modelling and innovative approaches relating to all fields of agricultural engineering and technology.  This journal uses double-blind review process .

The Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) is not an open-access journal, but a subscription based journal.  Journal doesn't charge article processing charges (APC), article submission fees, or surcharges based on the length of an article, colour illustrations, or supplementary data.  To attract and publish many high-quality papers, the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers instituted the  Best Paper Award  and the  Best Reviewer Award . These awards are announced annually in the Annual Convention of Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers.

Journal of Oilseeds Research

Indian Society of Oilseeds Research (ISOR) began to publish biannual scientific Journal Journal of Oilseeds Research from 1984, which is a unique Journal in the country publishing scientific papers/reviews on all aspects of annual & perennial oilseed crops. This is the only Journal that is dedicated to the oilseed research, catering to the needs of researchers, students, academicians and policy makers, by supplying updated information on various aspects of oilseeds research. So far, in the past 37 years, the journal is being published every year without any break. Based on the increase in the number of manuscripts received as well as the increased members of the society, the journal is being published quarterly (March, June, September, and December of every year) since 2016. Also with the constant guidance of honorary members of ISOR, and unstinted efforts of the editorial boards of the journal, not only did the pattern as well as the quality of the Journal improved but also the NAAS rating of the journal: 3.97 to 5.02. It is being consistently maintained at this level since the last three years.

Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science

Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science is the periodical brought out quarterly since 1953 (March, June, September and December) and it covers all aspects of soil study.

The Society organizes seminars, symposia, conferences, meeting etc. enables members of ISSS and others to interact and disseminate knowledge on soil and land.

Annual Convention of the Society is held regularly. This Society has celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 1984, Diamond Jubilee in 1994 and Platinum Jubilee in 2009.

The Journal of Research ANGRAU

The Journal of Research ANGRAU is the University Publication (quarterly) of Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University ( ANGRAU ) and has been published since 1973. This journal is celebrating its 50 th volume in the year 2022 and has started only online issue since 2022.

The Journal is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal that seeks to encourage research in agriculture, horticulture, agricultural engineering, community science/home science and social sciences (agricultural extension and agricultural economics). The JOR ANGRAU provides a platform to publish original research work in all agricultural and allied sciences.

JOR ANGRAU supports research articles which explore innovative experimental approaches and empirical studies. The Journal recognizes works across the above disciplines and therefore especially values meta-disciplinary analyses that will provide a foundation for communication across these academic fields and disciplines.

  The journal has a NAAS rating of 4.27 (2024) and is a UGC-CARE-approved journal. The Journal is Indexed by CAB International (CABI), AGRIS (FAO) and Indian Citation Index (ICI). Journal has a presence in Google Scholar. The Journal publishes quality research papers in Agriculture and allied sciences after meticulous double-blind peer review process.

EDITORIAL BOARD

Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy

Indian journal of dairy science.

Indian Journal of Dairy Science is a scientific journal of Indian Dairy Association. The objective of the Association shall be the advancement of dairy science and industry, farming, animal husbandry, animal sciences and its branches including dairy farming & research on breeding, and management of dairy livestock.

Annals of Agricultural Research

A Journal published by Indian Society of Agricultural Sciences, IARI, New Delhi an umbrella society for Agricultural sciences.

NAAS Rating: 4.62

Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Indian Journal of veterinary journal publishes review article(invited), original /applied research, clinical reports short communications on all area of animal health including diagnosis treatment and control.

Editorial Board Subscription Details

Journal of Cereal Research

Journal of Cereal Research (JCR ISSN: 2582-2675), formerly known as Wheat and Barley Research / Journal of Wheat Research (erstwhile ISSN: 2249-4065), serves as an official organ of Society for Advancement of Wheat and Barley Research (SAWBAR) for the peer-reviewed Publication of reviews, research papers, short communications as per Article 14.1 of the constitution and by-laws of the society. The Journal is sent free to its members.

NAAS Rating (2021): 4.57

No. of Issues: Thrice in a Year (Peer-Reviewed)

Journal of Cotton Research and Development

Indian Journal of Hill Farming

AGROPEDOLOGY

The Agropedology is a scientific journal of The Indian Society of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ISSLUP) launched in the year 1991. The journal is published six monthly (two issues per volume, June & December). Original contributions covering research articles, review articles and short communications in the field of soil sciences, agronomy, engineering, agriculture economics, and physical geography will be considered for publication.

NAAS Rating: 4.63

Mushroom Research

Mushroom Research, the official publication of the Mushroom Society of India is a bi-annual journal. It publishes full papers and short communications reporting original research, basic and applied, which contribute significantly to the knowledge of the mushroom science and industry. Mini-reviews (with prior consent or invitation only) and articles of practical/technical importance will be published. News and views, and book reviews will also be considered. The author (s) should be the members of the Society. Till date 32 volumes, each having two issues have been published.

It is peer reviewed Journal and has NAAS rating of  5.33 (2024) . S.No 2126. JrnID  M120  ISSN 0972-4885. Journal is registered by  DOI systems . It is listed in Indian citation Index and UGC care list. The Journal is indexed in UGC care List 2023 at Sr. No. 18026 and journal no. is 37111. The journal is also indexed in CABI, Google scholar, International Society for Research Activity (ISRA), Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) (USA), Agricola (USA).

Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research

The Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research, published six times in a year (bi-monthly) by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, considers original papers for publication on all aspects of Veterinary, Animal, Fisheries, and Food sciences (related to animal products).

The Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research (IJVASR) has been published since 1972, initially under the name 'Cheiron' until 2005, and later as the 'Tamil Nadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences'. In 2014, the journal adopted its current name to reflect its national relevance and improve visibility. In its current format, IJVASR now publishes review articles, peer-reviewed research articles, short communications, and case reports.

NAAS Rating (2024): 4.11

Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India

T he Society regularly brings out a Journal named "The Inland Fisheries Society of India". The 1 st  Volume was published in December, 1969 and since then made a place among the top fishery journals in the country. The Journal publishes original research works, monographs, invited review articles and books on specialized subjects for exchange and dissemination of information in the country and abroad.

 The journal of Inland Fisheries Society of India welcomes original research contributions broadly in the field of inland fisheries science. The scope of the journal includes fisheries research on aspects related to inland waters-rivers, reservoirs, floodplain wetlands, estuaries and other brackish waters.

Journal of Indian Fisheries Association

The Journal is published QUARTERLY, in March, June, September and December every year, by the Indian Fisheries Association hosted at ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai. The first issue was published in the year 1971. This NAAS rated and widely circulated Journal contains original contribution from eminent scholars in the field of fisheries, aquaculture and related subjects. Now, JIFA has a new Editorial Board and sports a fresh design and layout, delivers more and better content, and assures enhanced author and reader experience. 

The Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding

Journal of Ornamental Horticulture

The  Journal of Ornamental Horticulture (ISSN 0972-0499, eISSN 2249-880X) is the peer-reviewed, official publication of the Indian Society of Ornamental Horticulture,  (ISOH) New Delhi publishing original research papers/ research notes/ research tools in the field of Ornamental Horticulture and allied fields since 2011. The Indian Society of Ornamental Horticulture, Division of Floriculture & Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi is a registered professional society under the Society Registration Act XXI of 1860 Act 1957 as extended to the Union Territory of Delhi .   

NAAS rating (2024): 4.63

NAAS Journal ID (2024): J433

Annals of Arid Zone

Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management

The journal is the official research journal of the Indian Society of Animal Production and Management. It was started in the year 1986 to publish original research work in the area of livestock production management. The first issue was published in the year 1986 by the Department of Livestock Production and Management, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. Current frequency of the journal is Quarterly (4 issues per year). The Journal office is presently functioning from the Department of Livestock Production Management, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka.

The Journal of Research, PJTSAU

Formerly The Journal of Research, ANGRAU The Journal of Research, PJTSAU is being published in place of Journal of Research, ANGRAU since July, 2014 and the publication of The Journal of Research, PJTSAU is mere continuation of the earlier Journal.

Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition

ORYZA-An International Journal of Rice

ARRW publishes peer reviewed original research articles, short communications and review articles on all aspects of rice research, covering basic and applied work on crop improvement, crop management, crop protection and environmental security.

Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research

The Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research (ISCAR) was established in the year 1982 and registered under the Certificate of Registration of Societies Act XXVI of 1961 with the registration no. S/40093 of 1982-83 dated 20.02.1983. Since 1983, the society has been publishing two issues of The Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research in a year, first issue in June and second issue in December. The journal has a current NAAS rating of 5.45 (2024) .

Year of start: 1983 (Print version)

2018 onwards - Both Print and Online

Print ISSN: 0972-1584

Online ISSN: 2584-0320

Journal of Sugarcane Research

Indian Journal of Agroforestry

International Journal of Seed Spices

The International Journal of Seed Spices is published by the Indian Society for Seed Spices half yearly basis with the aim to provide an appropriate platform presenting well considered, meaningful, constructively thought provoking, non-political and non-controversial but critically analyzing and synthesizing present and future aspects of research on seed Spices and related commodity reference to our country and rest world. The contributors are expected to highlight various issues of irrigation, management, soil, agronomic practices, precision agriculture, breeding, post harvest, IPM, climate change along with meaningful suggestions for solution, refinement and innovations.

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

The Journal regularly publishes refereed research articles, reviews, research notes and short communications of high impact in basic and applied research, development and management issues on soil and water conservation as well as watershed management and policy aspects of agriculture and rural development. Comprehensive review articles in the area of soil and water conservation and management, case studies and success stories are also published in the Journal.

The Andhra Agricultural Journal

The Andhra Agricultural Union was started in 1954 at Agricultural College, Bapatla.  A scientific Journal “ The Andhra Agricultural Journal ” is published by the Union since its inception to educate and encourage the agricultural science fraternity. It publishes original scientific work related to strategic and applied studies in all aspects of agricultural and allied sciences, as well as reviews of scientific topics of current agricultural relevance. In the beginning, it was a bimonthly journal and it was transformed into a Quarterly Journal from 1982 onwards and registered with the Registrar of News Papers of India as Quarterly under The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1860 with Registration No. 5751/57. The present NAAS rating of the Journal is 3.61 .

Journal of Farm Sciences

The Indian Veterinary Journal

The Indian Veterinary Journal, popularly known as IVJ among veterinarians is a monthly periodical of international status devoted to the cause of updating knowledge of the of veterinarians with it’s research and clinical articles. It is a monthly journal with twelve issues in a year with ISSN (Print): 0019-6479; ISSN (online): 0974-9365. Website of this journal is http://www.ivj.co.in   & https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IVJ . The Journal publishes original work in veterinary medicine, animal health production, veterinary clinical subjects and allied disciplines such as Dairy development, livestock and poultry husbandry etc., The Journal is of particular importance to field veterinarians, veterinary faculty, veterinary practitioners, researchers, veterinarians from industry and Under graduate, Post graduate and doctoral students from universities of Veterinary & Animal Sciences.

NAAS Rating (2024): 4.99

Indian Journal of Plant Protection

The Plant Protection Association of India (PPAI)  publishes the Indian Journal of Plant Protection (IJPP). Four issues of the journal are published every year in March, June, September and December. The journal indexed / abstracted in Indian Citation Index, Bioscience, Chemical abstracts, Review of Applied Entomology, Review of Plant Pathology and other CAB abstracts and Agrindex of FAO. 

Journal of the Andaman Science Association

Andaman Science Association has been publishing a journal called the Journal of the Andaman Science Association from 1985. It was also conducting national and international symposium at Port Blair. So far we have published 17 volumes with two issues during the period 1985 to 2000. In 2012 remaining volumes 18 to 20 with two issues were published. There is great demand of the journal in national and international institutions and is addressing particular niches were of island ecology and island agriculture having a multidisciplinary approach.

Agricultural Economics Research Review

Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics

The Society publishes an International Peer Reviewed Journal called Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics with ISSN 0019-6363. Three issues of the Journal (April, August and December) are published annually. The first volume of the Journal was released in 1948. The Journal devoted to the publication of original research papers on all aspects of Statistics and Computer Applications preferably with innovative applications in Agricultural Sciences or that have a potential application in Agricultural Sciences. The review articles of the topics of current interest are welcome. The Journal also accepts books, monographs and periodicals for review. Special issues on thematic areas of both national and international importance are also brought out.

Indian Journal of Poultry Science

Established in 1965, Indian Journal of Poultry Science (IJPS), a leading peer-reviewed Indian journal in the field is an official publication of the Indian Poultry Science Association (IPSA), Izatnagar-243 122 (UP). The publication is aimed at providing access to academicians, researchers and industry professionals from across the globe to publish their work on all aspects of poultry science through research papers, short communications and review articles. The journal is published three times in a year as one volume in April, August, and December and circulated to IPSA members free of cost. Till date 58 volumes each with 3 issues have been published.

Seed Research

Indian Society of Seed Technology, F-5, A Block NASC Complex, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012 is a registered professional society under registration number 28898/73 since 1971. Seed Research is the Official publication of Indian Society of Seed Technology (ISST). It publishes original research papers in the field of 'Seed Research'. It is the scientific publication of the Indian Society of Seed Technology (ISST), which is brought out in two issues per year consisting of original papers and review articles in all areas of seed science and technology e.g. seed production, sampling, testing, enhancement, processing, physiology, entomology, pathology, storage, genetic conservation, habitat regeneration, seed business, plant variety protection, policy issues, etc. and allied fields since its inception from 1973.

Journal of Agricultural Physics

The Journal of Animal Research, which is published half yearly in Print and Electronic form by New Delhi Publisher, accepts exceptionally exciting, novel and timely communications presenting new and original research work for publication keeping in mind the all round welfare of domestic animals including poultry, companion animals, wild animals and experimental models in lab animals. The task of the Journal is to attract the papers on original research articles, short communication and peer reviewed articles from an individuals and organizations of International repute dedicated to animal science, and veterinary science and education. Articles published in the Journal of Animal Research cover a broad range of explorative topics in all subjects of veterinary and animal sciences including animal production, reproduction, growth and Health aspects of domestic animals. This includes veterinary medicine, veterinary surgery, veterinary gynaecology and obstetrics, animal genetics and breeding, animal nutrition, veterinary physiology and biochemistry, veterinary parasitology, veterinary microbiology, veterinary pathology, veterinary pharmacology and toxicology, livestock product and technology, livestock production and management, veterinary public health and hygiene, veterinary anatomy, poultry science, laboratory animals and wild animals. The journal is also focused on research and management of laboratory animals (e.g. rat, mice, rabbit, guinea pig etc.) and wild animals. However, basic types of papers and notes which relate to investigations in a narrow specialized branch of a discipline may not form an appropriate material for this journal. The Journal of Animal Research will publish the reviews, short communication and proceedings of symposia of National and International relevance subject to the final decision of Editor in Chief. National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) Rating 2024: 4.78

Indian Journal of Nematology

Indian Journal of Nematology is published by the Nematological Society of India ( https://nemaindia.org.in/ ), which is located at the Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (I.A.R.I.), New Delhi-110012. It has been continuously published since 1971 and is a bi-annual (June and December) publication of the Society. 

All the published issues are available at https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijn&volume=54&issue=1&type=toc

So far 53 volumes have been completed, and volume 54 (1) June issue has been published, 54(2) December 2024 is in progress. The IJN special issue published in March 2024   is kept as open access (OA)  at the NSI website: https://nemaindia.org.in/ijn-volumes/ 

National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) rating - 5.07,  Citescore - 0.2; SJR - Q4 and SNIP - 0.1

IJN, a UGC-approved Journal, is abstracted in Nematological Abstracts, USDA PubAG, Veterinary Science Database, Chemical Abstracts, Google Scholar, Scopus, Index of Copernicus, ASCII, etc.

Journal of Oilseed Brassica

The Journal of Oilseed Brassica (JOB) is a multidisciplinary an international journal published by Society for Rapeseed-Mustard Research (SRMR). Journal of Oilseed Brassica (JOB) aims to publish original research results, reviews and policy papers written by researchers, experts as well as practitioners, concerned with all aspects of brassicas in general and rapeseed-mustard in particular. The journal is designed mainly to serve researchers, students, academicians and policy makers, by supplying updated information on various aspects of rapeseed-mustard research. The journal is published 2 times (January and July) every year with distribution to librarians, universities, research centers and researchers in biology and agriculture science. So far, since 2010, the journal has published 15 volume without any break with the constant guidance of honorary members of society, and unstinted efforts of the editorial boards of the journal. The journal maintains strict editorial policies, only the articles consist of novelty, in-depth review or excellent scientific contribution in fields of rapeseed-mustard can be published in the Journal. The journal has the NAAS rating 4.78 and is included in  list of UGC CARE approved Journals. The journal is published in both print and online versions. 

Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development

Current Horticulture

Since its establishment in 2013, 'Current Horticulture ' has been a cornerstone publication in the field of horticultural science. Published by the Society for Horticultural Research and Development, the journal has played a pivotal role in advancing knowledge and fostering collaboration within the horticultural community. With its inaugural issue marking the beginning of a journey towards excellence, 'Current Horticulture' has consistently upheld a commitment to quality and innovation. Over the years, the journal has evolved into a platform where researchers, scientists, academicians, and stakeholders converge to share their latest findings, insights, and advancements in various facets of horticulture. From plant cultivation techniques to breeding methodologies, from genetics to pest management strategies, each issue of 'Current Horticulture' showcases a diverse array of articles that 

contribute to the collective understanding of horticultural practices. Its publication schedule, releasing three issues annually in April, August, and December, ensures a steady flow of cutting-edge research to the global horticultural community. Through its dedication to excellence, 'Current Horticulture' has earned recognition as a leading publication in the field, driving innovations and shaping the future of horticultural research and development.

The journey of 'Current Horticulture ' since its inception in 2013 exemplifies a commitment to scholarly excellence and advancement in horticultural science. As a publication of the Society for Horticultural Research and Development, the journal has served as a beacon of knowledge dissemination, providing a platform for researchers and practitioners to share their insights and discoveries. With its inaugural issue, the journal embarked on a mission to elevate the discourse surrounding horticulture, covering a wide range of topics including plant cultivation, breeding, genetics, pest management, and post-harvest technology. The triannual publication schedule, releasing issues in April, August, and December, ensures a regular influx of cutting-edge research from around the globe. 'Current Horticulture ' has become synonymous with quality and rigor, attracting submissions from esteemed scholars and experts in the field.

Annals of Plant Protection Sciences

Indian Phytopathology

Indian Phytopathology a leading plant pathology research journal deals with the disciplines of Mycology, Fungal Pathology, Bacteriology, Virology, Phytopathology and Nematology. The journal is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December. The society has published the journal for over 69 years. The journal has national as well as global reach.

ISSN : 0367-973X (Print version)

ISSN : 2248-9800 (Electronic version )

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Indian Phytopathology has instituted a feature called Online First Look. Within a few days of acceptance, papers by authors who choose to participate will be posted online. The papers have been peer reviewed and then revised as necessary by the authors but have not been copyedited, formatted, or assigned to an issue.

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Tobacco Research

The Tobacco Research journal publishes papers concerned with the advancement of research in tobacco throughout the world. It publishes original scientific work related to strategic and applied studies in all aspects of tobacco as well as reviews of scientific topics of current tobacco relevance.

Journal of Agricultural Extension Management

The Journal of Agricultural Extension Management (JAEM) disseminates information relating to extension systems and practices, research on extension, efficient organization of technology transfer and other socio-economic issues concerning agriculture and allied areas. Papers on original research in the field of agricultural extension and allied sectors, covering new developments, concepts and their application in effective extension work are accepted for publication.

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Holistic Health: How Effectively Are We as Physiotherapists Addressing It?

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Indian Journal of Physical Therapy and Research. 6(1):110-112, Jan-Jun 2024.

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National Law School of India University

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NLSIU publishes several academic journals that contribute to a wide range of legal and interdisciplinary scholarship. These journals carry articles by leading scholars and practitioners, and have been cited by the Supreme Court on several occasions. All NLSIU journals are peer-reviewed and follow an online open-access policy. Here is a complete list:

The National Law School Journal is the flagship journal of the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. It is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that has consistently published original contributions to contemporary legal scholarship on India and the developing world since 1989. The journal’s Editorial Board includes the Vice-Chancellor and members of the faculty.  NLSJ  invites contributions from academics, practitioners and researchers across legal studies and allied interdisciplinary scholarship.

ISSN: 0971-491X

Indexed in: UGC-CARE

The International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice (IJCLP) is a blind-peer reviewed, open-access journal published annually by NLSIU under the aegis of the Chair on Consumer Law and Practice. Launched in 2013, IJCLP provides a forum for discussions on national and international best practices in consumer protection law. The journal welcomes contributions from academics, practitioners and students of law and allied fields.

ISSN: 2347-2731

Indexed in: SCOPUS, UGC-CARE List, HeinOnline, SCC OnLine

The Journal of Environmental Law Policy and Development is an annual peer-reviewed journal of the Centre for Environmental Law Education, Research and Advocacy (CEERA), NLSIU. Over the years the journal has featured articles on various themes under environmental law and policy, including governing principles of environmental law, adjudicatory authorities and their roles in dispensing environmental justice, waste management, climate change and other issues of contemporary relevance.

ISSN: 2348-7046

The Journal of Law and Public Policy is an annual peer-reviewed journal published under the Centre for Environmental Law Education, Research and Advocacy (CEERA), NLSIU. It covers a wide range of socio-legal issues on the interface between law and public policy, such as human rights, consumer welfare, women rights, socio-economic rights, food security law, access to legal aid, medical law and ethics.

ISSN: 2350-1200

Student Journals

NLSIU has a rich and vibrant tradition of student-managed and edited journals. Accompanied by online forums for shorter, more contemporary academic writings, these journals are committed to producing quality scholarship across legal and allied disciplines. Student-led journals are integral to deepening a culture of research and scholarship within the University. They enable students to contribute to academic conversations while building crucial analytical and editorial skills in the process.

All journal sites, hosted within the NLSIU Scholarship Repository, enable online open access to the complete journal archives. This is accompanied by an automated submission and review system, powered by Digital Commons, which enables:

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In terms of readership and impact, all student-led journals are indexed on leading scholarly databases and have active social media presence. From 2022, articles published in student-led journals will also be assigned Digital Object Identifiers (dois).

To strengthen collaboration and decision-making amongst student-led journals, the Journal Council, constituted by the Chief and Deputy Chief Editors of our five student-run journals, was formed in 2022. The five journals are listed below:

The National Law School of India Review (NLSIR) is the flagship law review of the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. NLSIR is student edited, peer-reviewed law journal published bi-annually, which holds the unique distinction of being cited twice by the Supreme Court of India.

NLSIR aims to:

• Publish scholarship of the highest calibre in all areas of Indian law, including comparative perspectives that examine Indian law
• Promote accessibility to legal scholarship and discourse
• Encourage deliberation among academia, government, industry and non-governmental stakeholders
• Promote original legal writing among law students and young academics.

ISSN: 0974-4894

Indexed in: SCC Online, Manupatra, JStor, HeinOnline

The NLS Business Law Review is an annual, open-access, peer-reviewed commercial law journal run by the students of the National Law School of India University and published by the Eastern Book Company.

The NLS Business Law Review intends to recognise and foster academic research and scholarship in commercial law by examining the myriad regulatory frameworks, domestic or international, that impact doing business in India or globally. We particularly welcome submissions applying comparative international perspectives. The mandate of the NLS Business Law Review thus, inter alia, includes company law, securities and capital markets regulation, banking and finance, taxation, foreign investment, competition law, commercial dispute resolution, contract and commercial law, and employment law.

ISSN: 2456-1010

Indexed in: UGC-CARE, SCC Online, HeinOnline

Socio-Legal Review (SLR) is a student-edited, peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal run by the students of National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. It takes an expansive view on the interpretation of “law and society” in South Asia, inviting articles with a perceived link between law and social sciences.

ISSN: 0973-5216

Indexed in: Directory of Open Access Journals, Westlaw, HeinOnline, SCC Online

The Indian Journal of International Economic Law (IJIEL) is a student-edited, peer-reviewed law journal published annually by the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru, under the patronage of the Indian government-sponsored chair on WTO Law. The Journal is an endeavour to encourage scholarship in the niche but rapidly emerging and dynamic fields of international trade law and international economic law, in recognition of the staggering impact of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and cross-border trade and commerce in the world today.

ISSN: 0975-3214

Indexed in: SCC Online, HeinOnline, Manupatra

The Indian Journal of Law and Technology (IJLT) is a bi-annual, student-edited, peer-reviewed, open access law journal published annually by the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. IJLT is the first and only law journal in India devoted exclusively to the study of the interface between law and technology.

The Journal has a broad mandate, and carries scholarship carries scholarship in the areas of intellectual property rights, internet governance, information communication technologies, privacy rights, digital freedoms, openness, telecommunications policy, media law and innovation, and more, with an emphasis on a developing country perspective or a comparative approach that benefits the developing world.

ISSN: 0973-0362

Indexed in: UGC-CARE, WestLaw, HeinOnline, SCC Online, Manupatra, LII, World Cat, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, J-Gate@e-shodhsindhu

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Violence against Women in India

Understanding trends in the extent of violence against women can be helpful in challenging violence against women and gender inequality. In this paper, we compare the incidence of violence, as measured in the National Family Health Surveys, to the reporting of violence, as compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau. We also shed light on heterogeneity in incidence and reporting across India’s states. We find that violence against women is common, that most violence against women is not reported to the police, that violence by husbands is less likely to be reported than violence by others, and that the reporting of violence has not improved over the last decade and a half. These concerning findings highlight the urgent need for social and legal interventions to reduce violence against women, and to improve its reporting.

The authors would like to thank Vipul Paikra for helpful research assistance. 

Sexual and physical violence against women is one of the clearest and most detrimental manifestations of gender inequa lity. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals aim at “eliminating violence against women and girls” (UNWomen 2022). And violence against women remains one of the core concerns of movements against patriarchy in India and globally (Kannabiran and Menon 2007). Despite this recogn ition, public discussions on violence against women in India are c onstrained by the lack of reliable information on the magnitude of violence against women, the extent to which cases are reported to the police, or trends in incidence and reporting (Bhattacharya 2013; Gupta 2014; Rukmini 2021). 

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Critical factors driving construction project performance in integrated 5d building information modeling.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. procedure for the systematic literature review, 2.2. search strategy, 2.3. tools and software, 2.4. data resources, 2.5. prisma flow for systematic review, 2.6. network analysis, 3.1. development trends for 5d bim in the construction industry, 3.1.1. publications per year, 3.1.2. major countries or regions undertaking research, 3.1.3. key productive authors, 3.1.4. keyword co-occurrence and cluster identification, 3.2. factors significantly affecting the adoption of 5d bim, 3.3. key project performance factors affected by the implementation of 5d bim, 4. discussion, 4.1. evolution of 5d bim in the construction industry, 4.1.1. citation bursts and trend evaluation, 4.1.2. cluster analysis, 4.2. critical factors influencing the implementation of 5d bim, 4.2.1. technology factors, 4.2.2. organizational factors, 4.2.3. environmental factors, 4.2.4. operator factors, 4.2.5. project factors, 4.2.6. government policy, 4.3. key performance indicators affected by the implementation of 5d bim, 4.3.1. project cost performance, 4.3.2. project time performance, 4.3.3. project quality performance, 5. limitations and future research directions, 6. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Sun, H.; Khoo, T.J.; Esa, M.; Mahdiyar, A.; Li, J. Critical Factors Driving Construction Project Performance in Integrated 5D Building Information Modeling. Buildings 2024 , 14 , 2807. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092807

Sun H, Khoo TJ, Esa M, Mahdiyar A, Li J. Critical Factors Driving Construction Project Performance in Integrated 5D Building Information Modeling. Buildings . 2024; 14(9):2807. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092807

Sun, Hui, Terh Jing Khoo, Muneera Esa, Amir Mahdiyar, and Jiguang Li. 2024. "Critical Factors Driving Construction Project Performance in Integrated 5D Building Information Modeling" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2807. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092807

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• Published: 28 August 2024

Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires

• Brendan Byrne   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-3045 1 ,
• Junjie Liu   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-6594 1 , 2 ,
• Kevin W. Bowman 1 , 3 ,
• Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell 1 ,
• Abhishek Chatterjee   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-0160 1 ,
• Sudhanshu Pandey 1 ,
• Kazuyuki Miyazaki   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-4655 1 ,
• Guido R. van der Werf   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-8630 4 ,
• Debra Wunch 5 ,
• Paul O. Wennberg   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-3854 2 , 6 ,
• Coleen M. Roehl   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5383-8462 2 &
• Saptarshi Sinha   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0009-3308-0311 7  

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The 2023 Canadian forest fires have been extreme in scale and intensity with more than seven times the average annual area burned compared to the previous four decades 1 . Here, we quantify the carbon emissions from these fires from May to September 2023 on the basis of inverse modelling of satellite carbon monoxide observations. We find that the magnitude of the carbon emissions is 647 TgC (570–727 TgC), comparable to the annual fossil fuel emissions of large nations, with only India, China and the USA releasing more carbon per year 2 . We find that widespread hot–dry weather was a principal driver of fire spread, with 2023 being the warmest and driest year since at least 1980 3 . Although temperatures were extreme relative to the historical record, climate projections indicate that these temperatures are likely to be typical during the 2050s, even under a moderate climate mitigation scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway, SSP 2–4.5) 4 . Such conditions are likely to drive increased fire activity and suppress carbon uptake by Canadian forests, adding to concerns about the long-term durability of these forests as a carbon sink 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 .

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Canadian forests cover a vast area of nearly 362 million ha (ref. 9 ), amounting to 8.5% of the global forested area 10 . These forests are an important sink of carbon, absorbing fossil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere and slowing the pace of climate warming 11 , 12 . However, climate change is increasing forest fire activity, acting to suppress the carbon uptake capacity of these forests 13 . Although more frequent fires have been widespread, 2023 has seen forest fires on an extreme scale. With 15 million ha of Canadian forests burned (about 4% of forest area) 1 , 2023 saw more than seven times (8  σ ) the average burned area over the preceding 40 years (1983–2022 mean, 2.2 million ha; range, 0.2–7.1 million ha) 1 . The adverse societal impacts of these fires are clear: 232,000 evacuations and poor air quality affecting millions 14 . However, the carbon emissions from the fire events remain uncertain. In this study, we quantify these emissions through inverse modelling of satellite observations of carbon monoxide (CO). Then, we examine concurrent climate anomalies and projected changes in the prevalence of hot–dry weather under climate change. Finally, we discuss the implications of fires for the Canadian carbon budget.

Fire emissions

Fire carbon emissions can be tracked from space using bottom-up and top-down approaches. Bottom-up approaches use satellite observations to track fire activity, such as burned area 15 or fire radiative power 16 . Emissions of CO 2 , CO and other trace gases are then estimated by combining the estimates of fire activity with quantities such as fuel loads and emission factors. Although these bottom-up estimates are continually improving, inventories can vary significantly in global and regional trace gas and aerosol emission estimates 15 , 17 . Top-down approaches provide a method for refining bottom-up trace gas emission estimates by optimally scaling emission estimates to be consistent with the observed concentrations of trace gases in fire plumes. A strength of this approach is that it integrates emissions from both flaming and smouldering combustion to capture net emissions.

In this study, we perform top-down estimates of CO emissions from the 2023 Canadian fires based on observational constraints from the TROPOspheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI) space-based CO retrievals (Fig. 1a,b ). These estimates are performed using three different bottom-up fire emission inventories: the global fire emissions database (GFED4.1s) 15 , the global fire assimilation system v.1.2 (GFAS) 16 and the quick fire emissions dataset v.2.6r1 (QFED) 18 . For each inversion, the combined carbon emissions released as CO and CO 2 (CO 2  + CO) are then estimated using the CO 2 /CO emission factors from the same bottom-up database. The CO 2 /CO emission ratios can be highly variable, adding uncertainty to our analysis. We incorporate some of this uncertainty here as each bottom-up database has different mean emission ratios for Canadian forests (range, 7.7–10.8 gC of CO 2 per gC of CO 2 ). Details for these inversions are provided in the methods and a description of the inversion results and evaluation of the performance of the top-down estimates are provided in Supplementary Information sections 1 and 2 ). We find the top-down estimates are relatively insensitive to choices about inversion configuration but do show sensitivity to prescribed hydroxyl radical (OH) abundances 19 , which determine the atmospheric lifetime of the CO emitted (Supplementary Information section 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

a – c , May–September TROPOMI dry-air mole fractions of CO ( X CO ) averaged over 2019–2022 ( a ) and for 2023 ( b ) aggregated to a 2° × 2.5° grid. c , Canadian forest fire carbon emissions (from CO and CO 2 ) for the 2023 May–September fire season, compared with fire emissions during 2010–2022 (distribution shown by box-and-whisker plots). Top-down emissions over 2010–2022 are estimated from MOPITT (2010–2021) and TROPOMI (2019–2022) CO retrievals. d , A comparison of May–September Canadian fire emissions with 2022 territorial fossil carbon emissions for the ten largest emitting countries, obtained from Global Carbon Budget 2022 2 .

Figure 1c shows the bottom-up and top-down CO 2  + CO carbon emissions from fires during May–September 2023. The bottom-up datasets show large differences, ranging from 234 to 735 TgC (mean of 469 TgC). This range is reduced by 69% in the top-down estimates (570–727 TgC), which also give a larger mean estimate of 647 TgC. Emissions during 2023 far exceed typical Canadian forest fire emissions, with 2010–2022 average emissions of 29–82 TgC for the bottom-up inventories and 121 TgC for top-down estimates (Supplementary Fig. 2 ). To contextualize these numbers, we compare the top-down estimates to annual national fossil fuel emissions for the ten largest emitters (Fig. 1d ). The 5 month 2023 emissions are more than four times larger than Canadian annual fossil fuel emissions (149 TgC yr −1 ) and comparable to India’s annual emissions (740 TgC yr −1 ).

Fire activity is affected by several complex drivers, including fuel traits 20 and ignition probability 21 . However, fire weather—hot and dry conditions—has been shown to be extremely important in driving fire behaviour 22 . Climate data show an exceptionally hot and dry fire season for Canadian forests during 2023 (Fig. 2 ). This was the driest January–September period for Canadian forests since at least 1980, with about 86% of forested area having below-average precipitation and about 52% being more than 1 s.d. below the 2003–2022 average (Supplementary Fig. 4 ). May–September 2023 was the warmest since at least 1980, with about 100% of the forest area above average and about 90% being more than 1 s.d. above the 2003–2022 average. Similarly, the vapour pressure deficit (VPD), which is closely associated with fire activity 22 , 23 , 24 , was the third highest since 1980, including 85% of the forest area being above average and about 54% being more than 1  s.d. above the 2003–2022 average.

a – d , Maps (left) and time series (right) of CPC global unified gauge-based cumulative precipitation (∑P) ( a ), MERRA-2 2 m temperature (with 2 week running mean) ( b ), MERRA-2 VPD (with 2 week running mean) ( c ) and fire CO 2  + CO emissions from the GFED4.1s database ( d ). All maps are shown at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.625° and Z -scores are for the area-mean of Canadian forests. Note that GFED4.1s is shown instead of the inversion results because those are at a coarser spatial resolution and cover a shorter time period, maps of prior and posterior mean fire emissions are shown in Supplementary Fig. 14 . Months are shown from January (J) to December (D).

Although hot–dry conditions were widespread across Canadian forests, there are two notable regional patterns. Western Quebec (49°–55° N, 72°–80° W), which is typically relatively wet (Supplementary Fig. 5a ), had exceptionally dry conditions during 2023, with precipitation through September being 23.7 cm (49%) below average. Coupled with extreme heat and VPD during June–July, fire emissions in this region contributed about 15% of the national total (Supplementary Fig. 6 ). The other notable region was northwestern Canada near the Great Slave Lake (57°–62° N, 110°−125° W). This region is drier than western Quebec on average, with about half the annual precipitation. However, 2023 was exceptional, with both a large precipitation deficit of 8.1 cm (27% of January–September total) and exceptionally warm conditions throughout May–September (+2.6 °C) (Supplementary Fig. 6 ). This region contributed about 61% of the total Canadian forest fire emissions.

Fires and climate

The relationship between climate variability and fire emissions for Canadian forests is examined in Fig. 3 , which shows fire emissions as a function of temperature and precipitation Z -scores over 2003–2023 for the 0.5° × 0.625° grid cells, in which Z -scores are the anomalies divided by the standard deviation. May–September emissions are lowest for combined cool–wet conditions (5.2 gC m −2 ), whereas emissions increase when either temperature is above average (19.5 gC m −2 ) or precipitation is below average (9.2 gC m −2 ). However, emissions are largest for combined warm–dry conditions (35.7 gC m −2 ). In particular, fire emissions are much increased during exceptionally hot and dry conditions (99.6 gC m −2 , temperature Z  > 1 and precipitation Z  < −1). These hot–dry conditions were much more prevalent in 2023 than in preceding years, with a mean May–September T2M Z -score of 2.3 and a precipitation Z -score of −1.1 across grid cells, explaining why fire emissions were extreme during 2023. Notably, the number of individual fires during 2023 was not unusual, with 6,623 relative to a 10 yr average of 5,597 (ref. 25 ). Yet, probably primarily driven by these hot–dry conditions 24 , many of these fires grew to enormous sizes with hundreds of megafires (greater than 10,000 ha) recorded.

Mean May–September GFED4.1s CO 2  + CO fire emissions as a function of May–September T2M Z -score and January–September precipitation Z -score for each 0.5° × 0.625° forested grid cell during 2003–2023 (using 2003–2022 as a baseline). For individual years, the mean Z -scores across forested grid cells are shown with ‘X’. The projected decadal-mean temperature and precipitation Z -scores for the median CMIP6 model under SSP 2–4.5 are shown by the circles. The CMIP6 Z -scores are calculated using the 2000–2019 period as a baseline but use the reanalysis 2003–2022 standard deviations (see section on ‘Climate data’). The historical and projected T2M and precipitation over the Canadian boreal forests simulated by the CMIP6 ensemble are shown in Supplementary Fig. 12 .

Next, we examine future climate conditions in the region and how they compare to the concurrent climate conditions that led to the massive fires. Figure 3 shows the decadal mean temperature and precipitation Z -scores for the median of 27 models from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) 26 under the moderate-warming shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 2–4.5 (ref. 4 ). Large projected temperature increases are found to occur, with average temperatures in the 2050s similar to 2023. More modest increases in precipitation are projected, indicating a ‘speeding up’ of the water cycle, in which both evaporation and precipitation rates increase (Supplementary Fig. 12 shows ensemble distribution). Studies indicate that the combined effect will result in regional increases in moisture deficits for Canadian forests through the end of the twenty-first century 6 , 27 , 28 . Beyond the 2050s, average temperature and precipitation conditions are projected to exceed the historical range. These changes will impact the boreal carbon cycle in many ways, such as changing fuel loads and species composition, which complicates projections of future fire activity. However, increases in boreal fire emissions linked to warming have been reported over recent decades 13 , 27 , 29 , 30 and several studies have projected further increases in Canadian fire activity with future warming 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . Thus, we find that warming, coupled with regionally increasing moisture deficits, is likely to drive increased fire carbon emissions from Canadian forests.

Canadian carbon budget implications

As a party to the Paris Agreement, Canada is obligated to track economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals in a national GHG inventory (NGHGI). This includes tracking emissions and removals from ‘managed’ lands, for which human interventions and practices have been applied to perform production, ecological or social functions 31 . However, the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for national GHG inventories 31 and Canadian NGHGI 32 differ in how emissions and removals over managed lands are categorized. The IPCC guidelines treat all emissions and removals on managed land as anthropogenic, whereas the Canadian NGHGI treats ‘natural disturbances’ as non-anthropogenic. This difference in categorization leads to large differences between the Canadian NGHGI and an estimate using the IPCC guideline definitions.

Figure 4 shows that NGHGI removals on managed forest land are almost exactly compensated by emissions from harvested wood products, such that the total CO 2 emissions for Canada are dominated by the energy sector (more than 90% of net emissions). However, we see that natural disturbances are shown to be of considerable magnitude, amounting to nearly 60% of total CO 2 emissions in 2021. The 2023 CO + CO 2 fire emissions across managed Canadian forests (see section on ‘Managed land’) are estimated to be 421 (388–461) TgC, amounting to 2.5–3 years of economy-wide CO 2 emissions.

Lines show the annual net emissions or removals from managed forest land (green), harvested wood products (brown), natural disturbances that are not counted towards Canada’s emissions (red) and the economy-wide net CO 2 emissions (grey). The top-down estimates of the 2023 CO 2  + CO fires emissions over managed land are shown in black. Total CO 2 emissions, harvested wood products and forest land emissions and removals were obtained from Table A11-1 of the NGHGI 32 , whereas natural disturbances were obtained from Table 6-5 of the NGHGI. All quantities presented are in units of teragrams of carbon (1 TgC = 1 MtC = 1,012 gC), which can be converted to units of megatonnes of CO 2 (MtCO 2 ) by multiplying by a factor of 3.664.

Regardless of their characterization, fire carbon emissions will affect the growth rate atmospheric CO 2 . As such, monitoring changes in the carbon budget across both managed and unmanaged land is important. Including all land in the Canadian carbon budget, top-down estimates find that Canadian ecosystems are a sink of CO 2 when constrained by either in situ or space-based CO 2 observations. Using both data types, an ensemble of atmospheric CO 2 inversion systems report that Canadian carbon stocks increased 366 ± 88.6 TgC yr −1 over 2015–2020 11 , contributing about 30% of the net land carbon sink. Similarly, space-based biomass estimates find carbon accumulation in Canadian boreal forests, although smaller in magnitude 13 , 33 , 34 . Thus, Canadian forests play an important role in mitigating anthropogenic emissions, slowing the rise of atmospheric CO 2 . The large carbon release resulting from the 2023 Canadian fires puts into question the durability of this sink. Others 13 showed that fires have acted to suppress the carbon uptake potential of Canadian forests over the past 30 years. Although Canadian forests have historically experienced large stand-replacing fires at infrequent intervals of 30 to more than 100 years 35 , 36 , 37 , increases in fire frequency will probably reduce biomass recovery and affect species composition 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 . It has also been argued that fire, insects and droughts may already be driving Canadian forests into a carbon source 41 , 42 . In the extreme case that expansive fires, such as that of 2023, become the norm (burning 4% of Canadian forest area), all Canadian forests could burn every 25 years. So, although the magnitude is uncertain, it is likely that increasing fire activity in Canadian forests will reduce the capacity of these Canadian forests to continue to act as a carbon sink.

The role of Canada’s fire management strategy in managing fire carbon emissions also deserves some discussion. Fire management strategies require balancing several considerations, including socioeconomic costs, ecological impacts and carbon emissions. Canada’s present strategy adopts a risk-based approach, for which decisions on whether or not to suppress fires are made on a fire-by-fire basis 43 , with differing priorities across provinces and territories. Understanding how fire regimes will change with climate change is thus of high importance, for future decision criteria and costing.

Conclusions

The 2023 fire season was the warmest and driest for Canadian forests since at least 1980, resulting in vast carbon emissions from forest fires. Using TROPOMI CO retrievals, we estimate the total May–September CO 2  + CO emissions from these fires to be 647 TgC (range 570–727 TgC), comparable in magnitude to India’s annual fossil fuel CO 2 emissions. The 2023 warmth was exceptional based on the last 44 years but CMIP6 climate models project that the temperatures of 2023 will become normal by the 2050s. Such changes are likely to increase fire activity 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , risking the carbon uptake potential of Canadian forests. This will impact allowable emissions for reaching warming targets, as reduced carbon sequestration by ecosystems must be compensated for by adjusting anthropogenic emissions reductions.

Climate data

Precipitation estimates were derived from Climate Prediction Center (CPC) global unified gauge-based analysis of daily precipitation data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from their website at https://psl.noaa.gov (refs. 44 , 45 ). MERRA-2 2 m temperature (T2M) and dew point temperature at 2 m (T2MDEW) were obtained from the single-level diagnostics file 3 . VPD was calculated from these quantities using:

where es is the saturation vapour pressure and ea is the vapour pressure, calculated from T2MDEW and T2M, respectively, using the formulation of ref. 46 . The Z -scores for precipitation, T2M and VPD were calculated relative to the 20-year baseline of 2003–2022; for example, for T2M this is calculated as:

where T2M year is the May–September mean T2M for a given year and T2M 2003–2022 is the 20-element ensemble of May–September mean T2Ms during 2003–2022.

CMIP6 data were downloaded from the Canadian Climate Data and Scenarios website ( https://climate-scenarios.canada.ca/?page=cmip6-scenarios ). We examine the ensemble median of 27 models provided on a 1° × 1° grid (technical documentation at https://climate-scenarios.canada.ca/?page=pred-cmip6-notes ). The models included are based on data availability and are tabulated at https://climate-scenarios.canada.ca/?page=cmip6-model-list . T2M and precipitation are analysed for the historical and future scenarios. We combine the historical simulation with SSP 2–4.5 (ref. 4 ), shown in the main text or SSP 5–8.5 as shown in Supplementary Fig. 7 .

The Z -scores are calculated from the median of the CMIP6 ensemble by calculating the temporal mean of the median model mean over 2000–2019 for a given grid cell, whereas the reanalysis data are used to estimate internal variability. Therefore, the T2M Z -score is calculated as:

Sources and sinks

Fossil co emissions.

Anthropogenic CO emissions are obtained from the community emissions data system (CEDS) for historical emissions 47 ; specifically we use version CEDS-2021-04-21 (ref. 48 ).

Prior fire CO 2 and CO emissions

Fire CO 2 and CO emissions are obtained from the GFED, GFAS and QFED databases. GFED4.1s 15 provides estimates of biomass burning using a biogeochemical model ingesting MODIS 500 m burned area 49 in combination with 1 km thermal anomalies and 500 m surface reflectance observations to estimate burned area associated with small fires using a statistical model 50 . These data were downloaded from https://www.globalfiredata.org/ . GFAS v.1.2 provides estimates of daily biomass burning emissions by assimilating MODIS fire radiative power observations 16 . These data were downloaded from the atmosphere data store ( https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu ). We use v.2.6 of the QFED gridded emission estimates 18 . These data were downloaded from https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/datashare/iesa/aerosol/emissions/QFED/v2.6r1/0.25/QFED/ . For all biomass burning datasets, we release fire emissions at the model surface but incorporate a 3 hourly diurnal cycle based on ref. 51 . Year-specific emissions are used for the prior in the atmospheric CO inversions.

Biogenic emissions, atmospheric CO production and OH data

Biogenic emissions, atmospheric CO production and OH data were all derived from the outputs of the MOMO-Chem chemical data assimilation 52 . An updated version of the tropospheric chemistry reanalysis v.2 (TCR-2) 53 produced using MOMO-Chem is used to evaluate the atmospheric production and loss of CO. The reanalysis is produced through the assimilation of several satellite measurements of ozone, CO, NO 2 , HNO 3 and SO 2 . The chemical loss of CO was estimated using the reanalysis OH fields. Because of the multiconstituent data assimilation, the reanalysis OH shows improved agreements in global distributions over remote oceans in comparison with the ATom aircraft measurements from the surface to the upper troposphere 53 . Constraints obtained for OH profiles have a large potential to influence the chemistry of the entire troposphere, including oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) to estimate the chemical production of CO. The biogenic emissions at the surface were obtained from the model of emissions of gases and aerosols from Nature v.2.1 (MEGAN2.1) 54 . Year-specific fields were only available through 2018 and estimates for that year are repeated for more recent years. We also perform a supplemental sensitivity analysis for the impact of prescribed OH abundances on inferred emissions using the fields of ref. 55 , which are commonly used for GEOS-Chem methane inversions 56 .

CO retrievals

TROPOMI is a grating spectrometer aboard the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite which measures Earth-reflected radiances 57 . CO total column densities are retrieved in the shortwave infrared (around 2.3 μm) using the shortwave infrared CO retrieval algorithm 58 , 59 . TROPOMI CO retrievals 60 were downloaded from the Copernicus data space ecosystem ( https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/ ). We use S5P RPRO L2 CO (processor v.2.4.0) through 25 July 2022, then switch to S5P OFFL L2 CO for more recent data (processor v.2.5.0 or 2.5.0). Retrieved CO total column densities are then converted to dry-air mole fractions of CO ( X CO ) using the dry-air surface pressure and hypsometric equation. The column averaging kernel is similarly converted to mole-fraction space. Individual retrievals (quality flag ≥ 0.5) from each orbit are aggregated into super-observations using the model grid (2° × 2.5°).

The retrieval uncertainty on super-observations is taken to be the mean uncertainty on all retrievals in a given super-observation. This approach is used because systematic errors may exist between retrievals, such that assuming random errors would underestimate the true retrieval error. For assimilation into NASA carbon monitoring system-flux (CMS-Flux), we calculate observational errors that incorporate error in the atmospheric transport model. For this, we follow the approach of ref. 61 . First, we perform a forward model simulation with the prior fluxes for 2019–2023. Then we take the observational uncertainty to be the standard deviation between the simulated and real TROPOMI super-observations over a moving window of 30° latitude, 30° longitude and 30 days (across all years). The uncertainties estimated using this approach range over 3.5–14.3 ppb (5–95 percentiles), whereas retrieval errors range over 1.4–4.9 ppb. Thus, the observational errors are dominated by representativeness errors.

We use the MOPITT (measurements of pollution in the troposphere) satellite thermal-infrared–near-infrared (TIR–NIR) CO retrieval. Version 9 (L2V19.9.3) 62 is used from 2009 to 31 October 2022, whereas L2V19.10.3.beta is used from 1 November 2022 onwards. These data were downloaded from the EarthData ASDC ( https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/data/MOPITT/ ). As with TROPOMI, profile retrievals were converted into dry-air mole fractions of CO ( X CO ) for assimilation; however, unlike TROPOMI, we do not generate super-observations but instead assimilate individual observations. This is because the footprint of MOPITT retrievals (22 × 22 km 2 ) is much coarser than TROPOMI retrievals (3 × 7 km 2 ).

The total carbon column observing network (TCCON) consists of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers which retrieve X CO , X CO 2 and other species from observations of solar radiation 63 . In this study, we examine GGG2020 (ref. 64 ) TCCON data from Park Falls 65 and East Trout Lake 66 . These data were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive hosted by CaltechDATA at https://tccondata.org . Super-observations are created for each site as hourly averages; we only include hours with five or more observations.

Atmospheric CO inversions

We perform a series of CO inversion analyses using the CMS-Flux atmospheric inversion system. This inversion model is descended from the GEOS-Chem adjoint model 67 and has been used for CO 2 (refs. 68 , 69 ) and CO inversion analyses 70 . The inversions in this study are all performed globally at 2° × 2.5° spatial resolution using MERRA-2 reanalysis. CEDS anthropogenic emissions, biogenic atmospheric CO production, direct biogenic CO emissions and fire emissions (from GFED4.1s, GFAS or QFED) and atmospheric OH fields are all prescribed in the forward simulations (see section on ‘Sources and sinks’). Four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) is used to optimize scaling factors on the net surface flux for each grid cell (combined anthropogenic, fire and direct biogenic CO flux). The posterior CO fluxes are then decomposed into anthropogenic, fire and biogenic fluxes using the fractional contribution of the prior (an approach widely used for CO inversions).

A series of MOPITT X CO inversions are performed over 2010–2021. Weekly fluxes are optimized over the period 7 November of the preceding year (YYYY − 1) to 1 February of the next year (YYYY + 1), the optimized fluxes in the desired year are retained (YYYY) and the fluxes outside this period are discarded as spin-up or spin-down. These inversions are performed using the GFED4.1s fire inventory. Prior uncertainties on emissions are assumed to be proportional to the emissions, with a scale factor uncertainty of 200%.

TROPOMI X CO inversions are performed over 2019–2023. These inversions are performed over a truncated period of 1 April to 30 September, with April then being discarded as spin-up. Several different inversion configurations are used to quantify the uncertainty in posterior fluxes due to both Bayesian posterior uncertainties and systematic choices about error specification and inversion configuration, both of which have been shown to contribute significantly to inversion error estimates 11 .

Three ensembles of inversions are performed on the basis of the three different prior fire inventories: GFED4.1s, GFAS or QFED (Extended Data Fig. 1a ). Each prior inventory was subjected to four different experimental configurations (Extended Data Fig. 1b ). In one case, the X CO super-observations error is taken to be the mean retrieval uncertainty across all retrievals included in a given super-observation. This approach typically gives an uncertainty of 1.3–4.9 ppb. The other case uses an observational error estimate that incorporates representativeness errors (see section on ‘TROPOMI’), which are typically between 3.5 and 14.3 ppb. The experimental configurations also differ by the treatment of prior uncertainties on the fluxes. These uncertainties are not well known a priori, thus we use two very different approaches. In the first approach, we assume that the errors on fluxes are equal to 200% of the prior flux estimate. In the second approach, we assume that flux uncertainties are near constant in flux units (scale factor uncertainty times control flux is constant, this is truncated to scale factors uncertainties between 0.25 and 1,000). Finally, we also vary the temporal optimization to either 3 or 7 days. As with the prior flux uncertainties, there are many possible choices for temporal optimization, so we choose two reasonable estimates to quantify the sensitivity to this choice. The spread in maximum a posteriori estimates across these different set-ups gives an indication of the uncertainty in estimated fluxes due to the set-up decisions.

We also estimate the Bayesian posterior uncertainty (Extended Data Fig. 1c ), which derives from uncertainties in the prior fluxes and observations. This uncertainty is estimated using the Monte Carlo method introduced by ref. 71 and formalized by ref. 72 We perform the experiment during 2023 for each prior inventory and use 40 inversion ensemble members using the inversion configuration with TROPOMI X CO representativeness errors and 7 day optimization.

Finally, for each prior inventory, we calculate the posterior best estimates and uncertainties from the experiments described above (Extended Data Fig. 1d ). The best estimate is taken to be the mean across the four different inversion configurations. The uncertainty on this estimate is taken as the square-root of the sum of the variances resulting from the different inversion configurations and Monte Carlo posterior covariance estimate. The overall best estimate is taken to be the average across the best estimates for the prior inventory ensembles and the overall uncertainty is taken to be the range of 1  σ uncertainties across the three prior inventory ensembles.

We estimate posterior CO 2 fluxes from the posterior CO emissions using the CO 2 /CO emission ratios provided by the prior GFED4.1s, GFAS and QFED inventories. Each inventory has different CO 2 /CO emission; thus, we use the emission ratio to estimate the posterior CO 2 from the same inventory that was used as the prior inventory. This incorporates some uncertainty CO 2 /CO emission ratio into the CO 2 emission estimates.

Regional masks

Forest area.

Forest area is defined using v.6.1 of the MODIS MCD12C1 product 73 . On the basis of the type 1 majority land cover, we define forests to include the categories evergreen needleleaf forests, evergreen broadleaf forests, deciduous needleleaf forests, deciduous broadleaf forests, mixed forests, woody savannas and savannas.

Managed land

The map of managed lands 74 was accessed through personal communication with M. Hafer and A. Dyk (the map was only created for cartographic communication purposes). The extent of land considered managed forest in Canada for the purposes of GHG reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change cannot be mapped in detail. That information comes from provincial/territorial forest inventories that are not spatially explicit and cannot be mapped. Supplementary Fig. 13 shows the managed land map and the fractional managed/unmanaged for 2° × 2.5° grid cells.

Data availability

The dataset produced for this study can be accessed at JPL Open Repository, https://doi.org/10.48577/jpl.V5GR9F .

Code availability

The Python and Bash codes used in this study are available at Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12709398 ) 75 .

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Acknowledgements

The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing programme through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center. Authors B.B., A.C., J.L. and K.B. acknowledge the support from NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Science Team Program and the Carbon Monitoring System Program (grant no. NNH20ZDA001N-CMS). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme, which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6. We thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the data and providing access and the many funding agencies who support CMIP6 and ESGF. GFAS is generated using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Information 2020; neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The East Trout Lake TCCON station is funded through an infrastructure grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (grant no. 35278) and the Ontario Research Fund (grant no. 35278). The Park Falls TCCON site was supported by NASA (grant no. 80NSSC22K1066). We thank J. L. Laughner for guidance with the TCCON data. We thank M. Hafer and A. Dyk for providing information on Canada’s managed land. And we thank L. Baskaran for help in rasterizing these data.

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Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Kevin W. Bowman, Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sudhanshu Pandey & Kazuyuki Miyazaki

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Contributions

B.B., J.L., K.W.B., M. P.-C., A.C. and S.P. conceptualized and designed the study. K.M. provided atmospheric CO production and OH estimates. G.R.v.d.W extended the GFED4.1s dataset for this experiment. D.W., P.O.W. and C.M.R. provided TCCON data. S.S. provided MERRA-2 reanalysis for the model. B.B. conducted the analysis and wrote the paper, with input from all authors.

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Extended data figures and tables

Extended data fig. 1 schematic diagram of the tropomi xco inversion procedure..

(a) Ensembles of inversions are performed based on three different flux inventories. (b) To quantify the sensitivity to systematic error sources, four inversions are performed that differ in observational error constraints, prior error constraints, and temporal optimization frequency. (c) Bayesian posterior error estimates are estimate for 2023 by following the Monte Carlo approach for 4D-Var of Chevalier et al. 71 . (d) The posterior best estimates are taken as the average maximum a posteriori estimate across inversion configurations while the uncertainty is taken to be the sum-of-squares of the error components estimated in (b) and (c).

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Supplementary sections 1 and 2, Figs. 1–14, Tables 1–3 and references.

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Byrne, B., Liu, J., Bowman, K.W. et al. Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07878-z

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