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Essay on Indian Constitution in 100, 250, and 350 words

Updated on
Jan 3, 2024

The constitution of India was written and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 but it became effective on 26th January 1950. It is a set of rules and regulations that guide the administration of the country. It is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world and describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. This is just a brief paragraph on the Indian constitution, we have provided samples of essay on Indian Constitution. Let’s explore them!

Table of Contents

1 Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words
2 Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words
3 Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words
4 Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens
5 The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government
6 Conclusion

Learn more about the Making of Indian Constitution

Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words

The Indian Constitution became effective on the 26th of January 1950 although the Constituent Assembly adopted it on the 26th of November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee that wrote it. Hence, it was the longest-written constitution of India and provides a detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of India. The original constitution of India is the lengthiest in the world and is hand-written and calligraphed. It is the supreme law of India that is drafted by the Constituent Assembly which is even superior to the Parliament. After the constitution came into effect, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as The Republic Day of India.

Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words

The Indian Constitution was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the ‘Father of Indian Constitution’. It took almost 3 years to draft the same. Various aspects of the society such as economic, socio-political, etc were taken into consideration while drafting the constitution. While drafting the Indian Constitution, the drafting committee took into consideration various constitutions of other countries such as France, Japan and Britain to seek valuable insights.

The Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Indian Citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India, all were included in the Indian Constitution. Every policy, duty and right has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution hence making it the lengthiest written constitution in the world.

There were more than 2000 amendments that had to be made to the Indian Constitution to get it approved. The same was adopted on November 26th, 1949 and was enforced on January 26th, 1950. From that day onwards, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. And that is why since then, 26th January is celebrated as the Republic Day. On this occasion, the National Flag of India is hoisted at various places across the nation and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. There is a special day that is dedicated to the Indian Constitution known as the ‘National Constitution Day’ that came into existence in 2015.

Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words

The Indian Constitution is the supreme document that gives a very detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has been set up as a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The duties and the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens have been clearly stated and defined in the Constitution of India. The Fundamental Rights include:

The Right to Equality
The Right to Freedom
The Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right Against Exploitation
Right to Constitutional Remedies

These are the basic rights and all the citizens across the country are entitled to the same irrespective of their colour, caste, creed, or religion.

Fundamental Duties of the Indian CItizens that are included in the Indian Constitution are:-

Respecting the Constitution of India
To always honour the National Anthem and the National Flag
To protect the unity
Preserving the heritage of the county
Protecting the integrity and sovereignty of India
Promoting the spirit of brotherhood
To have compassion for living creatures
To strive for excellence
To protect public property and contribute your bit to maintaining peace

These are also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The working of the Government as well as its structure is also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution. The Indian Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government that is present at the centre as well as in states. The power to take major decisions lies with the Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers. The president of India on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Deepansh Gautam

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Essay On Constitution Of India | Indian Constitution Essay for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay On Constitution Of India: The constitution of India is one of the lengthiest and longest written constitutions in the whole world. The constitution is the backbone of the democratic and secular fabric of the nation and every institution in the country follows the constitution of India.

In this essay on constitution of India, we shall be talking about the salient features of our constitution, has how it was formed and what are the important articles in the Constitution that define past, present and future of India.

You can read more Essay Writing about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Constitution of India for Students and Kids in English

If you are a student or an IAS aspirant searching for a perfect essay on constitution of India, then you have come to the right place. We have provided a 600-word long essay on constitution of India is helpful for students of classes 7,8,9 and 10. and 200-word short essay on constitution of India is helpful for students of classes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 which can be used by students for various purposes.

Long Essay On Constitution of India 600 Words in English

The supreme law of the country in a democratic system is the constitution. The word constitution has a French origin which is usually used to refer to law and order. Constitution of India starts with a preamble with the phrases “we the people” and talks about the values of the constitution which are equality, liberty, secularism and fraternity. Indian Constitution is one of the longest constitutions in the world. Our Indian Constitution consists of 465 articles, 12 schedules, 22 amendments and 146385 words in it.

Indian Constitution is an amalgamation of the Constitution of France, Britain, USA, Germany, and the former USSR. Some of the best features of the best constitutions in the world were taken and adjusted in the Indian Constitution as a result of which Indian Constitution in today’s world is considered one of the most detailed and comprehensive constitutions to exist. The reason why Indian Constitution is so lengthy is because of the kind of diversity and unique problems that exist only in India. The constitution of India addresses each and every issue that can possibly be imagined in a country like India which has many religions, ethnicities, cultures and languages.

Dr BR Ambedkar is known as the father of Indian constitution and he was the main person behind the framing of the Indian Constitution. He was the head of the drafting committee and he travelled across the world for many democratic countries to get inspiration to draft the Indian Constitution. It is also said that Dr BR Ambedkar wanted to burn the constitution of India. With regard to the powers of the governor, Ambedkar had heated debate with the members of the drafting committee and was hell-bent on preventing any harm or injury to the minorities of the country.

The Indian Constitution was originally written in Hindi and English. The constituent assembly and the members of the same signed two copies of the Constitution, one in the language of Hindi and the other in English. At that point in time when the Constitution was drafted, the Indian Constitution was only handwritten. It was neither printed nor typed and hence it is the only longest handwritten constitution on earth.

The values that the constitution represents is the values that India celebrates every day. The fundamental rights that the constitution of India guarantees its citizens to keep them safe from the bad elements in the section of the population are important. The values of liberty, equality, fraternity and secularism are some of the values that are celebrated all over the world and the Indian Union stands as a testimony for these values. It is because of the robustness and strength of our constitution that India is has become the second-largest democracy in the world. The Preamble of the Constitution of India declared the country as a power in a socialist, secular and democratic republic and the welfare of the state is committed to attaining justice, liberty and equality for all the people without any discrimination based on religion, caste, creed, sex or place of birth.

It took nearly three years to complete the Indian constitution and to be precise it took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to come up with the final draught. The constitution of India has been amended over 94 times in the last 60 years of India’s Independence.

I would like to conclude by saying that the essence of the Constitution is what makes India one of the strongest nations in the world. Without such a robust constitution, India would slip into a fascist and an authoritarian regime. Every government, irrespective of the political ideologies and bend of mind, should obey the constitution of India and follow the law of the land for the healthy democratic republic of India.

Short Essay On Constitution of India 200 Words in English

The constitution of India is one of the lengthiest constitutions in the whole world which contains a preamble, 22 parts with 448 articles, 12 schedules 5 appendices, and 15 amendments. It is the only constitution in the whole world which was handwritten completely in two languages, Hindi and English. Constitution of India was handwritten by Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

The constitution of India says that the republic of India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and a democratic republic. The constitution also celebrates the values of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all the people in the country without any discrimination. The constitution of India assures the citizens their economic and political justice, liberty of thought, expression faith, belief and worship. Although, in recent years certain articles and clauses of the constitution have been overstepped which is a dangerous precedence for the democratic values of the country.

I would like to conclude by saying that the Indian Constitution takes influences from the constitutions of France, Russia, America, Britain and Japan. It is one of the longest constitutions in the world and addresses each and every problem in a country like India with so much diversity in culture and ethnicity. It is because of the Constitution of India that India is known as the second biggest democracy and if there comes a time when the constitution of India is not followed, then India might slip into fascism and authoritarianism.

10 Lines on Constitution of India Essay

Indian Constitution is one of the longest constitutions in the world.
Indian Constitution is the only constitution that was handwritten in two languages, English and Hindi.
Dr. BR Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.
The constitution of India declared the country as a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic.
Constitution of India assures its citizen of justice, equality, liberty and helps in promoting fraternity without any discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, gender or place of birth.
It took nearly 2 years 11 months and 18 days to finish the constitution of India.
The concept of the five-year plan was borrowed by the constitution of the USA and the concept of an independent judiciary was taken from the constitution of Japan.
The national constitution day is celebrated on the 26th of November every year.
The Constitution of India was officially adopted and came into force on 26 January 1950, which is also known as the Republic Day of India.
The English version of the Constitution has 117369 words, 444 articles, 22 parts, 12 schedules and 104 amendments.

FAQs on Essay On Constitution Of India

Question 1. Who is the father of the Indian Constitution?

Answer: Dr. BR Ambedkar is known as the father of Indian Constitution

Question 2. When was the Indian Constitution adopted?

Answer: Indian constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949, which is also known as National Constitution Day of India

Question 3. Where is the original copy of the Indian constitution located?

Answer: The original copies of the Indian Constitution is kept in a special helium-filled case in the library of the Parliament of India

Question 4. Which amendment is known as the most controversial constitutional amendment in the history of India?

Answer: The 42nd amendment, which reduces the powers of Judiciary, is known as the most controversial part of the Indian Constitution

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Essay on Constitution of India in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Constitution of India: The constitution of India became effective on 26 th January 1950; though it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 th November 1949. It was written by a drafting committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Therefore it is the longest written constitution that defines the power, procedures and responsibilities of the government institutions of India and gives detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of our country.

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Target Exam ---

The original Indian Constitution is hand written, calligraphed and also the lengthiest Constitution in the world. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India drafted by the Constituent Assembly, superior even to the Parliament, as it cannot over rides it. With the Constitution coming into effect, India’s status from “Dominion of India” was changed to the “Republic of India”.

Long and Short Essay on Constitution of India in English

Here are long and short essay on Constitution of India to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through the Constitution of India essay you will know about the features of Constitution, who was in the drafting committee of the constitution, which other constitutions is the Indian constitution inspired from, how long does it took to draft the Constitution, and other facts of the Constitution of India.

However you can use these essays in your school’s essay writing competition, debate competition or other similar events.

Short Essay on Constitution of India in 200 words

The Constitution of India drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. It took almost three years to draft the Constitution. Various socio-political and economic aspects of the society were taken into consideration while drafting the Constitution. The drafting committee also referred to the Constitutions of various other counties including Britain, France and Japan to seek valuable inputs.

The Constitution of India includes the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India. Every policy, right and duty has explained at length in the Indian Constitution thereby making it the longest written Constitution in the world.

More than 2000 amendments had to made in the Constitution of India in order to get it approved. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and enforced completely on 26 th January 1950. This was the day when our country began to be known as the Republic of India. 26 th January is since then celebrated as the Republic Day. The Indian National Flag is hoisted at various places across the country and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. National Constitution Day, a special day dedicated particularly to the Indian Constitution, came into being in 2015.

Essay on Importance of Constitution of India in 300 words

The Constitution of India is known to the supreme document that gives a detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has set a standard that needs to followed to ensure law and order in the society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The fundamental rights and duties of the Indian citizens have clearly defined in the Constitution of the country. However the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right against Exploitation, Right to Constitutional Remedies. Therefore these are the basic rights that all the citizens of the country entitled to irrespective of their caste, colour, creed or religion.

Some of the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen are to respect the constitution, honour the national flag and national anthem, protect the unity, preserve the heritage of the country, protect the integrity and sovereignty of India, promote the spirit of brotherhood, have compassion for living creatures, strive for excellence, protect public property and contribute his/ her bit in maintaining peace. These also mentioned at length in the Indian Constitution.

Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The structure and working of the government also stated at length in the Constitution of India. The Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government. This system is present at the centre as well as in the states. The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers have the power to take all the major decisions. The President of India, on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar along with his team of six members who were a part of the drafting committee came up with the Constitution of India. The Constitution approved after several amendments. Many amendments have also done after the enforcement of the Constitution.

Essay on Formation of Constitution of India in 400 words

The Constitution of India came into form on 26 th November 1949. A special committee formed to draft the Constitution that gives a detailed account of the practices that are deemed lawful and those deemed unlawful and are punishable. Therefore the Constitution was enforced on 26 th January 1950. With the enforcement of the Constitution, our country came to be known as the Republic of India.

Special Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India

The task of drafting the Constitution of India was that of great responsibility. The Constituent Assembly set up a special drafting committee to further this work. There were seven members in the drafting committee. These included prominent Indian leaders namely, B.R. Ambedkar, B.L. Mitter, K.M. Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, DP and Mohammad Saadullah. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee. Ambedkar referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution. This is because it was under his guidance and supervision that this big draft came into form.

Indian Constitution – Inspired by Constitutions of Other Countries

The constitution of India drew inspiration from the constitutions of various other countries. Many of the concepts and acts included in our constitution borrowed from the constitutions of countries such as France, Germany, Japan, Australia, USA, Britain, Ireland, Russia and South Africa.

The drafting committee of the Indian Constitution also referred to the Government of India Act 1858, the Government of India Act 1919 and 1935 and the Indian Independence Act 1947 to get an idea about the acts and features to be included in the Constitution. These previous acts helped the committee understand the condition and requirement of the citizens of the country. Our Constitution thus often referred to as the bag of borrowings. It consisted of as many as 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of its enactment. It handwritten and calligraphed.

After putting in immense efforts when the drafting committee presented the final draft of the Constitution of India, it suggested to make several amendments. The committee sat together to make more than 2000 amendments to get the Constitution approved. The members conducted several discussions to make appropriate amendments for getting the approval. 284 members of the Constituent Assembly of India signed the Constitution to give their approval on the same. This done two days before the enforcement of the constitution.

The Constitution of India is a massive piece of writing that includes a detailed account of the dos and don’ts for the Indian system. It has undergone around 100 amendments since it came into form.

Essay on Constitution of India in 500 words

Constitution of india – the supreme power of country.

The Constitution of India rightly said to the supreme power of the country. The laws, codes, rights and duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution need to followed strictly by the citizens of the country. Therefore the decisions made in the parliament and Supreme Court of India are all based on the laws and codes defined in the Constitution of India. Parliament of India does not have the power to override the constitution.

Dr. B. R Ambedkar – The Chief Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee formed to write the Constitution of India. He was the chairman of this committee. He contributed immensely in the formation of the Constitution by giving several valuable inputs and thus came to be known as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. There were six other members in the drafting committee which formed by the Constituent Assembly of India. These members worked under the guidance of Dr. Ambedkar.

Constitution of India Replaced Government of India Act

The Government of India Act, 1935 acted as the fundamental governing document of India until the formation of the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India in November 1949. Many of the articles of the Constitution came into force at that time. The Constitution effectively enforced on 26 th January 1950 which came to known as the Indian Republic Day. The remaining articles became effective on this date. Our country which until then called the Dominion of the British Crown thereafter came to known as the Sovereign Democratic Republic of India.

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Special Days to Celebrate the Constitution of India

The formation and enforcement of Indian Constitution celebrated at a grand scale on the Republic Day each year. Republic Day is a national holiday in the country. A massive event organized at India Gate, New Delhi on Republic Day to honour the Constitution of the country. The constitutional head of India, i.e., its president hoists national flag at Rajpath. The Prime Minister and President of India and several Chief Ministers of different states of the country are present at the event. Parades by school kids and armed forces held on Rajpath. School children also perform dances and other cultural acts. Parade of beautiful tableau displaying the culture of various Indian states also held during the event.

Several small events organized at different offices and schools throughout the country to commemorate the Indian Constitution. Painting, essay and music competitions held in schools in addition to colleges. Patriotic songs sung and aslo speeches about the Constitution of India delivered.

National Constitution Day

In the year 2015, Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, gave the suggestion to dedicate an exclusive day to our constitution. Since the Indian Constitution adopted on 26 th November 1949, this date chosen to honour the constitution. 26 th November celebrated as the National Constitution Day since 2015.

Many small and big events organized in schools, colleges and government institutions across India on this day. The importance of the Indian Constitution emphasized during these events. Patriotic songs sung and cultural activities organized to celebrate the day.

The Constitution of India has prepared with precision considering the interest of the common man as well as the overall interest of the country. It is a gift for the citizens of our country.

Long Essay on Constitution of India (600 words)

Introduction

Enforced on 26 th January 1950, the Constitution of India prepared by a committee consisting of seven members headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It guides the citizens of India, the country’s government bodies and other authorities to act in the right manner. However it has played a significant role in maintaining peace and prosperity in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Here are the top salient features of the constitution of India:

Longest Written Constitution

The Constitution of India the longest written constitution in the world. It took almost three years to write this detailed constitution. However it has a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules and 5 appendices. It is much lengthier than the US Constitution that includes only 7 Articles.

Amalgamation of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Constitution of India is a mix of rigidity and flexibility. While it is the supreme power that needs to followed diligently to maintain law and order in the country, the citizens can appeal to amend the provisions they deem outdated or stern. While certain provisions can amended with some difficulty others are easy to amend. As many as 103 amendments have done in the Constitution of our country since its enforcement.

The Preamble

The well drafted Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives a detailed account of the philosophy of the constitution. It states that India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. It is a welfare state which puts its people first. However it believes in equality, freedom and justice for its people. While democratic socialism followed right from the beginning, the term Socialism added only in 1976.

India – A Secular State

The Constitution has declared India a secular state. Therefore India does not give special status to any religion. It provides its citizens complete freedom to choose their religion. It condemns religious groups instigating people in the name of religion.

India – A Republic

The Constitution declares India to be a Republic. Therefore the country not ruled by a nominated head or monarch. It has an elected head called the President. The President, elected indirectly by the people of the country, comes to power for a period of 5 years.

India – A Mix of Federalism and Unitarianism

The Constitution describes India as a federal structure with many unitary features. It referred to as a Quasi-Federation or a Unitarian Federation. Just like a federation, India has divided power among the centre and states. It has a dual administration system. It has a written, supreme constitution that needs to followed religiously. Therefore it includes an independent judiciary embedded with the power to decide centre-state disputes. At the same time it has unitary features such as a strong common constitution, common election commission and emergency provisions to name a few.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

The Constitution of India clearly states the fundamental duties of its citizens. Some of these are to upload and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, respect the national flag and the national anthem, preserve the rich heritage of the country, protect the natural environment, safeguard public property and treat everyone equally.

Directive Principles of the State Policy

The Directive Principles of the State Policy also mentioned in the Constitution of India. These principles are basically the guidelines provided to the state to further socio-economic development aims via its policies.

The Constitution of India serves as a guiding light for its citizens. Therefore everything well-defined in the Indian Constitution. It has helped India attain the status of a Republic. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the members of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution have indeed done a commendable job for which they will always remembered.

Essay on Constitution of India FAQs

What is indian constitution short note.

The Indian Constitution is a written document that outlines the framework and rules for governing India. It defines the powers, duties, and responsibilities of the government and its citizens.

What is constitution in 100 words?

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state or organization is governed by. It outlines the structure of government, establishes rights and freedoms, and provides the framework for laws and institutions.

What is constitution 10 lines?

A constitution is a written document that sets the basic rules for governing a country. It defines the structure of the government, allocates powers among different entities, protects the rights of citizens, and establishes the legal framework for the nation.

What is the Constitution of India?

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country. It lays down the framework that defines the political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of the government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights and duties of citizens.

Who started Constitution of India?

The drafting committee for the Constitution of India was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He played a pivotal role in shaping and finalizing the Constitution.

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Essay On Indian Constitution For Students and Children | PDF Download

In this article, We have composed an Essay On Indian Constitution for School Students and Children in English, So the children and students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 can refer to this complete article to perform their class assignments, comprehensive tasks, competitions, etc.,

Long Essay on Indian Constitution | Introduction

The Constitution of India is the longest in the world containing the framework of the political system, the duties, rights, limitations, and structure of the government that this nation ought to follow. The Constitution of India was written on 26th November 1949 and came into existence on 26th January 1950 . In this essay on the Constitution of India, students will become familiar with the prominent features of India’s Constitution and how it was established. The Constitution of India starts with the lead-in phrases of “We the people” and talks about the values of the Constitution which are about equality, liberty, secularism, and fraternity. Our Indian Constitution consists of 395 articles and 12 schedules. Indian Constitution is a unique constitution that was penned in two languages, English and Hindi

How Was The Constitution Of India Created?

The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was conducted on 9th December 1946. The next meeting was conducted on 11th December 1946 under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, and Sarojini Naidu have also participated in this meeting. D.R. B.R Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, is often called the Father of the Indian Constitution. The Constituent Assembly, which came into existence on 11th December 1946, and Finally the Indian Constitution was approved on 26th November 1949 and came into result on 26th January 1950. This day (January 26th) is celebrated as Republic Day in India every year.

Features Of The Indian Constitution

Here we gave some of the important features of the Indian Constitution. Where students can understand easily.

I. Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

The Indian Constitution produces a detailed list of Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India, where no one can take hold of or reduce by any law made by the States (Article 12-35). Likewise, the Constitution also produces a list of 11 duties to the citizens, which is known as the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).

II. Parliamentary System Of Government

The Indian Constitution produces for a Parliamentary System of Government, i.e., the real executive power deals with the council of President and the Ministers is only a nominal ruler (Article 74)

III. Federal System With a Unitary Bias

The Indian Constitution described India as a “Union Of States” (Article 1), which intimates that the Indian Federation is not the result of any agreement among the units and the units cannot break away from it.

IV. Rigidity and Flexibility

The Indian Constitution is the combination of both rigidity and flexibility, which means some parts of it can be adapted by the Parliament by a Simple Majority, whereas some parts called for a two-thirds majority as well as not less than one-half of the state legislatures.

V. The Enormous Constitution Of The World

The Indian Constitution is one of the Enormous Constitution of the World, embraces 395 Articles, 22 Parts, and 12 Schedules

VI. Independent Judiciary

The Constitution presents an Independent Judiciary (Article 76) which declares that the government is moved on by the provisions of the Constitution and works as a guardian of the opportunities and the fundamental rights of the citizens

VII. Directive Principles of State Policy

The Indian Constitution affirms certain Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 36-51) which the government has to grasp in mind while expressing New Policy.

VIII. Special Provisions For Minorities

The Constitution presents special provisions for minorities, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, etc., by conferring their certain specific advantages and provisions

IX. Secularism

The Constitution addresses India as a Secular State by withdrawing from religious doctrines (Forty-Second Amendment)

X. Single Citizenship

The Indian Constitution provides a Single Citizenship for all the people residing in several parts of the country and there is no separate citizenship for the states. (Article 5-11)

XI. Bicameral Legislatures

The Indian Constitution produces a bicameral legislature at the center consisting of Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the People) (Article 79).

XII. Emergency Powers

The Constitution vests remarkable powers, known as Emergency Powers in the President while emergencies out of well-armed rebellion or external aggression or due to breakdown of constitutional machinery in the state (Article 352-360)

These are some of the important features of the Indian Constitution. In addition to it, the constitution also has many other features.

Indian Constitution: Images

Conclusion: The Constitution of India is created by the Indians. The democratic process was followed in the form of debates before implementing the Constitution. And finally, it stands to guard the fundamental rights of every citizen of India. We, the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to ensure to all its citizens Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

“Law and order are the medicine of the body politic and when the body politic gets sick, medicine must be administered.” -B R Ambedkar

Dear Students and Children, you can download the Election Essay in the Hand Written Format by Clicking the Below Click Here Link.

Essay on Constitution 500+ Words

The Constitution of India serves as the guiding star of our nation, shedding light on the path to justice, equality, and democracy. Furthermore, it is a remarkable document that molds our country’s destiny, guaranteeing that India maintains its status as a diverse and vibrant democracy. In the following essay, we will delve into the Constitution of India, examining its significance, history, and the fundamental principles that distinguish it as truly exceptional.

The Birth of the Constitution:

The Constitution of India, adopted on January 26, 1950, marked the moment when India became a republic. Furthermore, it was the culmination of years of dedicated effort by a distinguished assembly of minds known as the Constituent Assembly. Notably, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect, played an indispensable role in shaping this significant document.

Guarantor of Rights:

One of the most important aspects of the Indian Constitution is that it guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens. These rights ensure that every Indian is treated fairly and has the freedom to express themselves, practice their religion, and more.

Equality for All:

The Constitution promotes equality in all aspects of life. It does not discriminate based on caste, religion, gender, or place of birth. This principle of equality helps India embrace its diversity and promotes unity among its people.

Democracy in Action:

India is the world’s largest democracy, and the Constitution is the backbone of this system. It outlines how our government works, from elections to the roles of the President, Prime Minister, and Parliament. Every citizen’s vote matters, making India a true democracy.

Directive Principles of State Policy:

The Constitution includes directive principles that guide the government on how to create a just and equal society. These principles focus on eradicating poverty, providing education, and improving the living conditions of the people.

Amendments and Evolution:

The Constitution is not set in stone; it can be amended or changed to suit the evolving needs of the country. This flexibility allows us to adapt to new challenges and make improvements as necessary.

Fundamental Duties:

While the Constitution grants rights, it also emphasizes the importance of responsibilities. It outlines fundamental duties that every citizen should follow to help maintain peace and harmony in the country.

Safeguarding Justice:

The Constitution also established the judiciary as a separate and independent branch of government. The Supreme Court, with its judges, ensures that the laws are followed and justice is served.

Diversity Respected:

India is known for its diversity in languages, religions, and cultures. The Constitution acknowledges and respects this diversity, allowing people to freely practice their religions and preserve their traditions.

Conclusion of Essay on Constitution

In conclusion, the Constitution of India is not just a legal document; it’s the soul of our nation. It embodies the dreams and aspirations of millions, ensuring that India remains a diverse, democratic, and inclusive country. The principles of justice, equality, and freedom that it upholds are the very values that make India a shining example to the world. As citizens of this great nation, it’s our duty to uphold and protect the Constitution, for it is our guiding light towards a brighter and more equitable future. The Constitution of India is not just a piece of paper; it’s the heart that beats within our nation, uniting us all in the spirit of democracy and progress.

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Essay on Constitution of India for Students and Children in 1000 Words

In this article, you will read about Constitution of India, its background, Constituent Assembly, Membership, Drafting, Structure.

Table of Contents

Essay on Constitution of India (1000 Words)

The supreme law of India is known as the Constitution of India. The framework of demarcating fundamental political code laid down in the documents, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of state institutions. It sets out fundamental rights , directive principles, and, therefore, the responsibilities of citizens.

The Constitution B. R. Ambedkar cannot override by the Parliament and Constitution of India on the 2015 India postage. It was embraced by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and has become effective on 26 January 1950.

Background of Indian Constitution

India stopped to be a dominion of the British Crown and have become a sovereign democratic republic with the Constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 9, 8, 60, 324, 367, 366, 379, 388, 394, 391, 393, 392, and 380 of the Constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and therefore on 26 January 1950, the remaining articles became effective.

Constituent Assembly

The home is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had resigned from the House and was replaced. One died and wasn’t replaced. Another one was away in America, and his place filled up, and another person was involved in State matters, and there was a void to its extent.

Membership in Constitution of India

Judges, like Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, K. M. Munshi, Benegal Narsing Rau, and Ganesh Mavalankar, were members of the assembly. Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Durgabai Deshmukh Hansa Mehta, Amrit Kaur, and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit. Sachchidananda Sinha, who was the first two-day president of the assembly; Rajendra Prasad was later elected president. The group met for the first time on 9 December 1946.

Drafting of Constitution of India

The Constitution embraced on 26 November 1949, which was signed by 284 members. The day is widely known as National Law Day or Constitution Day; the day chosen to widespread the significance of the Constitution and to spread thoughts and concepts of Ambedkar.

Structure of Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the world’s lengthiest for an autonomous nation. At its legislation, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and eight schedules. At about 145,000 words, it’s the second-longest active Constitution – after the Constitution of Alabama – within the world.

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constitution of India

Introduction

The constitution of India is the document and related practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of the Republic of India . It came into effect on January 26, 1950. The constitution proclaims the country “a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic.” It establishes India as a parliamentary democracy with powers divided between the union (central) government and the state governments. The constitution provides for a legislature with two houses: the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The president is head of state, and the prime minister is head of government.

Framing the Constitution

The constitution of India was drafted by a body named the Constituent Assembly. Its members were indirectly elected according to a plan put forth by the British Cabinet Mission of 1946 ( see India: “Birth of the New Nations” ). The assembly included members selected by the provincial legislatures of British India as well as representatives chosen by the rulers of the princely states. The Indian National Congress (the Congress Party) won the great majority of the seats in the assembly. Various segments of Indian society were represented; members of the assembly included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, people from both high-status and low-status castes , tribal peoples, women, and others.

The Constituent Assembly first met on December 9, 1946. On December 13, Jawaharlal Nehru put forth the Objectives Resolution, which was adopted on January 22, 1947. It stated that the assembly was resolved to proclaim India an independent sovereign republic, with the authority of the government deriving from the country’s people. The resolution’s ideals regarding equality and justice for all Indian citizens were later enshrined in the preamble to the constitution. After India became independent on August 15, 1947, the Constituent Assembly also served as the new country’s first legislature. The assembly then had 299 members.

In addition to Nehru, some of the key members of the Constituent Assembly were Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar , Vallabhbhai Patel , Abul Kalam Azad , Benegal Narsing Rau , and Rajendra Prasad . Prasad was elected to lead the assembly, which formed a number of committees. Prasad headed the steering committee and committees on finance and rules of procedure. The committee charged with drafting the constitution was led by Ambedkar. Rau served as the chief constitutional adviser. Nehru led committees on the powers of the union (central) government, the union constitution, and the princely states. Patel chaired the committee on the constitutions of the provinces (later the states) as well as the advisory committee, which dealt with fundamental rights, minorities, and tribal and excluded areas. The various committees researched and wrote reports, which were presented to the assembly for the deliberation of the entire body.

The Constituent Assembly met for 165 days, in 11 sessions spread over nearly three years. The constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949. It was signed on January 24, 1950, by 284 members of the Constituent Assembly, and it took effect two days later.

Features of the Constitution

The framers of India’s constitution were most heavily influenced by the British model of parliamentary democracy. They did, however, draw on many external sources as well. A number of principles were adopted from the Constitution of the United States of America . Among these were the separation of powers among the major branches of government and the establishment of a supreme court . As in the U.S. Constitution, the Indian constitution provides for a federal structure, in which power is divided between the union (central) government and the state governments. The mechanical details for running the central government of India, however, were largely carried over from the Government of India Act of 1935, passed by the British Parliament. This act had served as India’s constitution in the last years of British colonial rule.

The constitution of India is one of the longest and most detailed constitutions in the world. It has 395 articles, 12 schedules (each clarifying and expanding upon a number of articles), and 100 amendments.

Declared in the constitution’s preamble are the objectives of securing for all India’s citizens “JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; and EQUALITY of status and of opportunity” and of promoting “FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.” Part III of the constitution includes a detailed list of the “fundamental rights” of the country’s citizens. Among these rights are equality before the law, equal protection of the law, and freedom of speech, peaceable assembly, association, movement, and religion. Part III bans discrimination based on “religion, race, caste, sex, [or] place of birth” and abolishes “untouchability” ( see India: “Caste” ).

Part IV of the constitution consists of a lengthy list of “directive principles of state policy.” These principles are goals that India’s central, state, and local governments must promote. However, there are no specified timetables for their accomplishment. The idea for the directive principles was taken from the constitution of Ireland . Among the many goals in the Indian directive principles are that citizens have a right to enjoy a “decent” standard of living, that women receive equal pay for equal work, and that public resources are to serve the common good. Village councils called panchayat s are to be formed to allow for local self-government. Free and compulsory education is to be provided for children. Other principles order the improvement of public health and the protection of the environment. Part IVA of the Indian constitution provides a much shorter list of “fundamental duties” of the citizen.

Most of the rest of the constitution outlines in great detail the structure, powers, and manner of operation of the union (central) government and the state governments. The constitution also includes provisions for protecting the rights and promoting the interests of certain classes of citizens. Among these citizens are members of disadvantaged social groups officially designated as “Scheduled Castes” and “Scheduled Tribes.” The Scheduled Castes include groups that have traditionally occupied a low position in the caste system. The Scheduled Tribes are indigenous tribal peoples who fall outside India’s mainstream social structure.

The Indian constitution also details the process for constitutional amendment. India’s constitution is extraordinarily specific. For this reason, amendments have frequently been required to deal with issues that in other countries would be handled by routine legislation. In India constitutional amendments average nearly two per year. With a few exceptions, the passage of an amendment requires only a simple majority of both houses of parliament, but this majority must form two-thirds of those present and voting on the amendment bill. The president must then assent to the bill. Amendments to certain parts of the constitution also require ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.

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Constitution Of India An Overview

Constitution of India – Indian Polity Notes

To prepare for Indian Polity for any competitive exam, aspirants have to know about the basics of Constitution of India. It gives an idea on all the topics important for IAS Exam and the polity syllabus (GS-II.) Constitution of India, the Preamble and related topics are extremely important for the UPSC exam. This is an essential portion of polity. As IAS aspirants, you should be thorough with the constitution of India.

This article will provide you with relevant details about the Constitution of India. You can also download the notes PDF. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It has the unique distinction of being the world’s longest written constitution. For an IAS aspirant, the Constitution of India is an extremely important document both because polity is a major component of the UPSC syllabus and that as future civil servants, he or she will have to work within the confines of the Constitution of India.

What is Constitution of India? – Introduction to the Constitution of India

The Indian Constitution is unique in both spirit and content. Notwithstanding the fact that several features of the constitution have been borrowed from other constitutions from all around the world, it is really a unique piece of work. The original constitution have been considerably changed by the various amendments that have been brought forth such as the 7th, 42nd, 44th, 73rd and 74th Amendments.

Important Amendments of the Constitution of India

The Indian Constitution is not a rigid constitution. It can be amended by the Parliament following a few rules. There have been made many changes in the Constitution of India. Some of the important amendments of the Indian Constitution are:

42nd Amendment
44th Amendment

The 42nd Amendment is also known as the “Mini Constitution” because it made several sweeping changes to the constitution. This was during the Emergency in 1976. In 1973, the Supreme Court had ruled in the Kesavananda Bharati case that the constituent power of the Parliament under Article 368 does not empower it to alter the basic structure of the constitution.

Constitution of India – Preamble

The first constitution to start with a preamble was the American Constitution. The Indian constitution also starts with one. The Preamble is basically the introduction or preface to the constitution. It sums up the essence of the constitution. N A Palkhivala, a constitutional expert, referred to the Preamble as the ‘Identity card of the Constitution’.

The Preamble is based on Pandit Nehru’s Objective Resolution that he moved and was adopted by the Constituent Assembly . The Preamble has been amended in 1976 by the 42nd Amendment which added words ‘socialist’, ‘secular’ and ‘integrity’ to it.

Ingredients of the Preamble

The Preamble gives 4 components:

Source of authority of the Constitution: it mentions that the constitution derives its power from the people of India.
Nature of the Indian State: it says India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republican State.
Objectives of the Constitution: it gives the objectives as – justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.
Constitution date of adoption: 26th November 1949

Why Constitution of India is called Bag of Borrowing?

The constitution has many borrowed features. The country’s founding fathers were wise enough to borrow good features from different nations and mould a constitution that best suits India. The influences from other constitutions are listed below.

Constitution	Borrowed Features
British
US
Australian
Irish
Weimer Constitution of Germany
Canadian
South African	, follow the linked article.)

To read about the Sources of Indian Constitution , you may follow the linked article.

Features of Indian Constitution

The chief features of the Indian Constitution are described below:

Federal System with Unitary Bias

The constitution establishes a federal government system in India. All the expected features of a federal state such as two government levels, division of power, supremacy and rigidity of the constitution, written constitution and bicameralism are present. But, the constitution also contains many features of a unitary form of government such as single citizenship, strong centre, single constitution, flexibility of constitution, all-India services, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, emergency provisions, and so on. In addition, the term ‘federation’ is not mentioned in the constitution. Article 1 says India is a ‘Union of States’, implying –

The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement by the states.
States do not have the right to secede from the federation.

Parliamentary Form of Government

The parliamentary form, borrowed from the British system, is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive. This form of government is alternatively known as the Westminster model of government. It is also called responsible government and cabinet government. According to the constitution, not only the centre, the parliamentary form is followed even in the states.

In India, the features of the parliamentary form of government are as follows:

Nominal and real executives
Rule of the majority party
Collective responsibility of the executive to the legislature
Membership of the ministers in the legislature
Leadership of the prime minister or the chief minister
Dissolution of the lower House

There are some basic differences between the Indian and the British models, even though both follow the parliamentary form of government. The Indian parliament is not a sovereign body; the British Parliament is. Also, the Indian State has an elected head (since it is a republic) while the British head is hereditary (since Britain is a constitutional monarchy).

Parliament: Structural and Functional Dimensions

According to Article 79, there is a Parliament and 2 Houses or chambers – the House of the People ( Lok Sabha ) and the Council of States ( Rajya Sabha ).
The President is the head of the executive and also a constituent part of the legislature. He performs many functions with regard to the Parliament.
However, the president cannot sit in or take part in the discussions in the houses.
The president summons and prorogues the houses whenever required.
He is also a vital part of the process of legislation in India as he has to give his assent to every bill passed before it can become a law.
He has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
At the start of the first session after each general election to the Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first session each year, the President addresses both the chambers which is known as the special address.
Article 123 also gives the president the power to promulgate ordinances. (Read about President in the linked article.)

Constitution of India – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

Introduction to the Constitution of India will help UPSC aspirants to draw key facts for polity answers in Mains GS-II paper. Also, essay on Constitution of India is not directly asked in the paper, however, certain relevant facts about the Indian Constitution can be used in other essays related to polity.

Frequently Asked Questions on Constitution of India

Q 1. who is known as the father of indian constitution, q 2. how many laws are there in the indian constitution.

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Essay on Preamble Of Indian Constitution

Students are often asked to write an essay on Preamble Of Indian Constitution in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Preamble Of Indian Constitution

Introduction to the preamble.

The Preamble is like the introduction to the Indian Constitution. It tells us about the values and principles of the country. It is like a promise to its people to give them justice, liberty, equality, and to promote brotherhood.

Goals of the Preamble

The Preamble sets goals for India. It wants to make sure everyone is treated fairly and has the same rights. It also wants to keep the country united and maintain peace among all its people.

Words in the Preamble

The Preamble starts with “We, the people of India,” showing that the power of the government comes from the citizens. It talks about making India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.

Importance of the Preamble

The Preamble is important because it guides the people who make laws in India. It helps them remember the core values of the Constitution when they make decisions or create new laws.

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250 Words Essay on Preamble Of Indian Constitution

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is like an introduction to a book. It tells us about the values, principles, and goals of our country. It is the opening statement of the Constitution and gives us a brief idea of what the rest of the document is about.

What the Preamble Says

The Preamble declares India as a “Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.” This means that India is free to make its own decisions, supports social equality, respects all religions equally, believes in fair and equal voting rights, and is run by the people for the people. It also aims to secure justice, liberty, equality, and to promote fraternity among all citizens.

The Goals of the Preamble

The Preamble sets the direction for the country. It aims to make sure that every person gets fair treatment, has the freedom to speak, think, and worship as they like, and is treated equally before the law. It also wants to make sure that people from different backgrounds feel like they belong to the same big family.

Significance of the Preamble

The Preamble is very important because it guides the people who make laws and the courts that explain these laws. It also helps the citizens understand the essence of the Constitution and the rights and duties it gives them.

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is like a guiding light. It sets the path for the nation to follow and helps everyone understand the core values that India stands for. It is not just an introduction but the soul of the Constitution, reflecting the dreams and aspirations of its people.

500 Words Essay on Preamble Of Indian Constitution

Words and their meaning.

The Preamble starts with the words “We, the people of India.” This means all the rules in the Constitution come from the citizens of India. It says that India will be a “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.” Sovereign means no other country can tell India what to do. Socialist means the wealth of the country should be shared fairly among its people. Secular means the government will treat all religions equally. Democratic means the people have the power to choose their leaders. Republic means the head of the country is not a king or queen but someone elected by the people.

The Preamble sets four main goals: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. Justice means everyone should be treated fairly by the law. Liberty means everyone has the freedom to speak, believe, and think what they want. Equality means everyone should have the same chance to succeed in life, no matter where they come from. Fraternity means we should all treat each other like brothers and sisters, and make sure everyone feels like they belong to India.

Changes to the Preamble

The Preamble was changed once. In 1976, three new words were added: Socialist, Secular, and Integrity. Integrity means that the country should be united and strong, with no parts wanting to break away.

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is a short but powerful text. It shows the dreams and promises of India as a country. It tells us that India belongs to its people, and it is up to everyone to make sure the country is fair, free, equal, and friendly. The Preamble is not just an introduction to the Constitution; it is a promise of what India strives to be.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Happy studying!

Constitution of India: Meaning, Structure, Enactment, Features & Significance

The Constitution of India , as the fundamental law of the land , embodies the values, principles, and governance framework of our country. It serves as the supreme law, guiding the state’s functioning and ensuring citizen’s rights and responsibilities. With its roots grounded in historical struggles, philosophical ideals, and societal aspirations, it reflects the nation’s collective journey toward democracy, justice, and equality. This article of NEXT IAS aims to explain the meaning, structure, salient features, significance, and other aspects of the Constitution of India.

What is the Meaning of Constitution?

A Constitution of a state is a fundamental set of principles or established precedents according to which the state is governed. It outlines the organization, powers, and limits of government institutions, as well as the rights and duties of citizens. It serves as the supreme law of the land , providing a framework for the functioning of the government, the protection of individual liberties, and the maintenance of social order.

What is Constitution of India?

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the Republic of India. It lays down the framework for the country’s political system, defining the powers and responsibilities of government institutions, safeguarding fundamental rights, and outlining the principles of governance. It is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country.

Structure of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is one of the longest and most detailed written constitutions in the world. Various components of the structure of the Indian Constitution can be seen as follows:

A “Part” of the Constitution refers to a division within the Constitution that groups together Articles on similar subjects or themes.
The Indian Constitution is structured into various Parts, each dealing with a specific aspect of the country’s legal, administrative, or governmental framework.
Originally, there were 22 parts in the Constitution of India. As of now, there are 25 parts of the Indian Constitution.
An “Article” refers to a specific provision or clause within the Constitution that details various aspects of the country’s legal and governmental framework.
Each part of the constitution contains several articles numbered sequentially.
Originally, there were 395 articles in the Constitution of India. As of now, the Indian Constitution contains 448 articles .
A “Schedule” refers to a list or a table attached to the Constitution that details certain additional information or guidelines relevant to the constitutional provisions.
They provide clarity and supplementary details, making the Constitution more comprehensive and functional.
Originally, there were 8 schedules in the Constitution of India. As of now, there are 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution.

Enactment and Adoption of the Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India was framed by a Constituent Assembly which was established in 1946. The President of the Constituent Assembly was Dr. Rajendra Prasad .
On 29th August 1947, a resolution was moved in the Constituent Assembly for the appointment of a Drafting Committee to draft a permanent constitution of India. Accordingly, the Drafting Committee was appointed under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar .
The Drafting Committee took a total of 166 days , which was spread over 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to prepare a draft constitution. The final draft of the Constitution was introduced in the Constituent Assembly on 4th November 1948 .
After many deliberations and some modifications, the Draft Constitution was declared as passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949. This is known as the “ Date of Adoption ” of the Constitution of India.
A few provisions of the Constitution came into force on 26th November 1949. However, the major part of the Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950, making India a sovereign republic. This date is known as the “ Date of Enactment ” of the Constitution of India.

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

Several factors that have contributed to its elephantine size include – the need to accommodate the vast diversity of the country, a single constitution for both the Center and States, the presence of legal experts and luminaries in the Constituent Assembly, etc.
Drawn from Various Sources – The Constitution of India has borrowed most of its provisions from the Government of India Act of 1935 as well as from the constitutions of various other countries.
The Constitution of India is neither rigid nor flexible, but a synthesis of both.
Federal System with Unitary Bias – The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government and contains all the usual features of a federation. However, it also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features.
Parliamentary Form of Government – The Constitution of India has adopted the British Parliamentary System of Government. The parliamentary system is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive organs.
While Parliament retains the ultimate authority to make laws , the judiciary serves as the guardian of the Constitution , ensuring that parliamentary actions adhere to constitutional norms and protect fundamental rights.
An integrated judicial system means that a single system of courts, comprising of Supreme Court , High Courts, and Subordinate Courts, enforces both the central laws as well as the state laws.
An independent judicial system means that the Indian judiciary operates autonomously, free from the influence of the executive and legislative branches of government.
Fundamental Rights – The Indian Constitution guarantees 6 fundamental rights to all citizens, which promotes the idea of political democracy in the country. They operate as limitations on the tyranny of the executive and arbitrary laws of the legislature.
The Directive Principles seek to establish a ‘Welfare State’ in India by promoting the ideal of social and economic democracy.
These duties serve as a guide for citizens to contribute towards building a strong and harmonious nation.
A Secular State – The Constitution of India does not uphold any particular religion as the official religion of the Indian State. Instead, it mandates that the state treat all religions equally, refraining from favoring or discriminating against any particular religion.
Every citizen who is not less than 18 years of age has a right to vote without any discrimination based on caste, race, religion, sex, literacy, wealth, and so on.
Single Citizenship – Single citizenship is a constitutional principle in India whereby all citizens irrespective of the state in which they are born or reside enjoy the same political and civil rights of citizenship all over the country, and no discrimination is made between them.
Independent Bodies – The Indian Constitution has established certain independent bodies which are envisaged as the bulwarks of the democratic system of Government in India.
The rationale behind the incorporation of these provisions is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity, and security of the country, the democratic political system, and the Constitution .
This decentralized system allows for effective governance by delegating authority to address regional and local issues, promoting participatory democracy and grassroots development.
Co-operative Societies – The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies.

Significance of the Constitution of India

Rule of Law – The Constitution establishes the framework for governance based on the rule of law, ensuring that no individual, including government officials, is above the law.
Protection of Rights – It guarantees fundamental rights to citizens, safeguarding their freedoms of speech, expression, religion, and more, while also providing mechanisms for legal redress if these rights are infringed upon.
Structure of Government – The Constitution delineates the structure of government, defining the roles, powers, and limitations of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This separation of powers prevents the concentration of authority and promotes checks and balances.
Democratic Principles – Through provisions like a universal adult franchise, the constitution upholds democratic principles by ensuring citizens’ participation in governance through free and fair elections.
Stability and Continuity – The constitution provides stability and continuity in governance, serving as a framework for guiding successive governments and preventing abrupt changes in the political system.
National Unity – It fosters national unity by recognizing and respecting the diversity of the populace while also promoting a sense of common citizenship and allegiance to the nation.
Legal Framework – The constitution serves as the legal foundation upon which all laws and regulations are based, providing consistency and coherence in the legal system.
Adaptability – While providing a stable framework, the constitution also allows for necessary amendments to accommodate changing societal needs and values, ensuring its relevance over time.

Sources of the Constitution of India

Government of India Act of 1935 – Federal Scheme, Office of Governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency Provisions, and Administrative Details.
British Constitution – Parliamentary System of Government, Rule of Law, Legislative Procedure, Single Citizenship, Cabinet System, Prerogative Writs, Parliamentary Privileges, and Bicameralism.
US Constitution – Fundamental Rights, Independence of the Judiciary, Judicial Review, Impeachment of the President, Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges, and the Post of the Vice-President.
Irish Constitution – Directive Principles of State Policy, the Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha, and Method of Election of the President.
Canadian Constitution – Federation with a strong Centre, vesting of residuary powers in the Centre, appointment of state governors by the Centre, and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
Australian Constitution – Concurrent List, Freedom of Trade, Commerce & Intercourse, and a Joint Sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.
Weimar Constitution of Germany – Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.
Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia) – Fundamental duties and the ideal of Justice (Social, Economic, and Political) in the Preamble.
French Constitution – Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Preamble.
South African Constitution – Procedure for amendment of the Constitution and election of members of Rajya Sabha.
Japanese Constitution – Procedure established by law.

Various Schedules of the Indian Constitution


	Names of the States and their territorial jurisdiction. Names of the Union Territories and their extent.	–
	Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges, etc.	This schedule outlines the salaries of various constitutional dignitaries, such as the President, the Vice President, the Governor, etc.
	Forms of Oaths and Affirmations	This schedule provides the forms of oaths and affirmations for various constitutional dignitaries such as MPs, MLAs, judges of the Supreme Court etc.
	Allocation of Seats in the Rajya Sabha	This schedule determines the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) to states and union territories.
	Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes	–
	Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram	–
	Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.	Presently, the Union List contains 100 subjects (originally 97), the State List contains 61 subjects (originally 66) and the Concurrent List contains 52 subjects (originally 47).
	Languages recognized by the Constitution.	Originally, it had 14 languages but presently there are 22 languages such as Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Gujarati, Hindi, etc.
	It deals with the acts and regulations of the state legislatures dealing with land reforms and the abolition of the zamindari system and the Parliament deals with other matters.	This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment Act of 1951, which protects the laws that cannot be challenged on the grounds of violating fundamental rights.
	Provisions relating to disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection.	This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as the Anti-Defection Law.
	Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats.	This schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
	Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities.	This schedule was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992

Parts of the Constitution


	The Union and its Territory
	Citizenship
	Fundamental Rights
	Directive Principles of State Policy
	Fundamental Duties
	The Union Government
	The State Governments
	The Union Territories
	The Panchayats
	The Municipalities
	The Co-operative Societies
	The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
	Relations between the Union and the States
	Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits
	Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India
	Services under the Union and the States
	Tribunals
	Elections
	Special Provisions relating to certain Classes
	Official Languages
	Emergency \|Provisions
	Miscellaneous
	Amendment of the Constitution
	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
	Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi, and Repeals

Note – Part-VII (The States in Part B of the First Schedule), has been deleted by the 7th Constitutional Amendment of 1956.

In conclusion, the Indian Constitution stands as a testament to the nation’s democratic ideals and aspirations. Its meticulous crafting, rooted in historical struggles and visionary principles, continues to guide India’s journey towards a more just, inclusive, and prosperous society. The Indian Constitution stands as a testament to upholding its values, fostering unity amidst diversity, and safeguarding the rights and liberties of every citizen, thus ensuring a brighter future for generations to come.

Related Concepts

Constitutionalism – Constitutionalism is a system where the Constitution is supreme and the institution’s structure and processes are governed by constitutional principles. It provides the template or framework within which the state has to carry out its operations. It also puts limitations on the government.
Classification of the Constitution – Constitutions across the world have been classified into the following categories and sub-categories:


Codified	In Single Act (Document)	USA, India
Uncodified	Fully written (In few documents)	Israel, Saudi Arabia
	Partially unwritten	New Zealand, United Kingdom

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When was the constitution of india adopted.

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949 .

Why the Constitution of India is called a bag of Borrowing?

The Constitution of India is called a “bag of borrowing” due to its extensive adaptation of principles and provisions from various global sources. It amalgamates elements from multiple constitutions, including the British, American, Irish, Canadian, and others, reflecting India’s diverse legal heritage and democratic ideals.

Who is known as the ‘Father of Indian Constitution’?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is regarded as the “Father of the Indian Constitution” for his pivotal role as the chairman of the Drafting Committee and his significant contributions in shaping the provisions of the Indian Constitution.

When do we Celebrate the Constitution Day?

Constitution Day also famously known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’ , is celebrated in our country on 26th November every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India.

What is the Philosophy of the Constitution of India?

The philosophy of the Constitution of India revolves around several key principles such as Sovereignty, Equality, Justice, Liberty, Fraternity, Dignity, Secularism, Federalism, Democratic Principles, etc.

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Constitution of India Essay

The constitution of India became effective on 26 th January 1950; though it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 th November 1949. It was written by a drafting committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It is the longest written constitution that defines the power, procedures and responsibilities of the government institutions of India and gives detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of our country.

Long and Short Essay on Constitution of India in English

Here are long and short essay on Constitution of India to help you with the topic in your exam.

You can use these essays in your school’s essay writing competition, debate competition or other similar events.

Short Essay on Constitution of India (200 words)

The Constitution of India was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. It took almost three years to draft the Constitution. Various socio-political and economic aspects of the society were taken into consideration while drafting the Constitution. The drafting committee also referred to the Constitutions of various other counties including Britain, France and Japan to seek valuable inputs.

The Constitution of India includes the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India. Every policy, right and duty has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution thereby making it the longest written Constitution in the world.

More than 2000 amendments had to be made in the Constitution of India in order to get it approved. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and was enforced completely on 26 th January 1950. This was the day when our country began to be known as the Republic of India. 26 th January is since then celebrated as the Republic Day. The Indian National Flag is hoisted at various places across the country and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. National Constitution Day, a special day dedicated particularly to the Indian Constitution, came into being in 2015.

Essay on Importance of Constitution of India (300 words)

Introduction

The Constitution of India is known to be the supreme document that gives a detailed account of what the citizens of India can and cannot do. It has set a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in the society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The fundamental rights and duties of the Indian citizens have clearly been defined in the Constitution of the country. The Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right against Exploitation, Right to Constitutional Remedies. These are the basic rights that all the citizens of the country are entitled to irrespective of their caste, colour, creed or religion.

Some of the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen are to respect the constitution, honour the national flag and national anthem, protect the unity, preserve the heritage of the country, protect the integrity and sovereignty of India, promote the spirit of brotherhood, have compassion for living creatures, strive for excellence, protect public property and contribute his/ her bit in maintaining peace. These are also mentioned at length in the Indian Constitution.

Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The structure and working of the government is also stated at length in the Constitution of India. The Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government. This system is present at the centre as well as in the states. The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers have the power to take all the major decisions. The President of India, on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar along with his team of six members who were a part of the drafting committee came up with the Constitution of India. The Constitution was approved after several amendments. Many amendments have also been done after the enforcement of the Constitution.

Essay on Formation of Constitution of India (400 words)

The Constitution of India came into form on 26 th November 1949. A special committee was formed to draft the Constitution that gives a detailed account of the practices that are deemed lawful and those deemed unlawful and are punishable. The Constitution was enforced on 26 th January 1950. With the enforcement of the Constitution, our country came to be known as the Republic of India.

Special Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India

The task of drafting the Constitution of India was that of great responsibility. The Constituent Assembly set up a special drafting committee to further this work. There were seven members in the drafting committee. These included prominent Indian leaders namely, B.R. Ambedkar, B.L. Mitter, K.M. Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, DP and Mohammad Saadullah. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee. Ambedkar is referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution. This is because it was under his guidance and supervision that this big draft came into form.

Indian Constitution – Inspired by Constitutions of Other Countries

The constitution of India drew inspiration from the constitutions of various other countries. Many of the concepts and acts included in our constitution are borrowed from the constitutions of countries such as France, Germany, Japan, Australia, USA, Britain, Ireland, Russia and South Africa.

The drafting committee of the Indian Constitution also referred to the Government of India Act 1858, the Government of India Act 1919 and 1935 and the Indian Independence Act 1947 to get an idea about the acts and features to be included in the Constitution. These previous acts helped the committee understand the condition and requirement of the citizens of the country. Our Constitution is thus often referred to as the bag of borrowings. It consisted of as many as 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of its enactment. It was handwritten and calligraphed.

After putting in immense efforts when the drafting committee presented the final draft of the Constitution of India, it was suggested to make several amendments. The committee sat together to make more than 2000 amendments to get the Constitution approved. The members conducted several discussions to make appropriate amendments for getting the approval. 284 members of the Constituent Assembly of India signed the Constitution to give their approval on the same. This was done two days before the enforcement of the constitution.

The Constitution of India is a massive piece of writing that includes a detailed account of the dos and don’ts for the Indian system. It has undergone around 100 amendments since it came into form.

Essay on Constitution of India (500 words)

Constitution of India – The Supreme Power of Country

The Constitution of India is rightly said to be the supreme power of the country. The laws, codes, rights and duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution need to be followed strictly by the citizens of the country. The decisions made in the parliament and Supreme Court of India are all based on the laws and codes defined in the Constitution of India. Parliament of India does not have the power to override the constitution.

Dr. B. R Ambedkar – The Chief Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee formed to write the Constitution of India. He was the chairman of this committee. He contributed immensely in the formation of the Constitution by giving several valuable inputs and thus came to be known as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. There were six other members in the drafting committee which was formed by the Constituent Assembly of India. These members worked under the guidance of Dr. Ambedkar.

Constitution of India Replaced Government of India Act

The Government of India Act, 1935 acted as the fundamental governing document of India until the formation of the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India in November 1949. Many of the articles of the Constitution came into force at that time. The Constitution was effectively enforced on 26 th January 1950 which came to be known as the Indian Republic Day. The remaining articles became effective on this date. Our country which was until then called the Dominion of the British Crown thereafter came to be known as the Sovereign Democratic Republic of India.

Special Days to Celebrate the Constitution of India

Republic Day

The formation and enforcement of Indian Constitution is celebrated at a grand scale on the Republic Day each year. Republic Day is a national holiday in the country. A massive event is organized at India Gate, New Delhi on Republic Day to honour the Constitution of the country. The constitutional head of India, i.e., its president hoists national flag at Rajpath. The Prime Minister and President of India and several Chief Ministers of different states of the country are present at the event. Parades by school kids and armed forces are held on Rajpath. School children also perform dances and other cultural acts. Parade of beautiful tableau displaying the culture of various Indian states is also held during the event.

Several small events are organized at different offices and schools throughout the country to commemorate the Indian Constitution. Painting, essay and music competitions are held in schools and colleges. Patriotic songs are sung and speeches about the Constitution of India are delivered.

National Constitution Day

In the year 2015, Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, gave the suggestion to dedicate an exclusive day to our constitution. Since the Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 th November 1949, this date was chosen to honour the constitution. 26 th November is being celebrated as the National Constitution Day since 2015.

Many small and big events are organized in schools, colleges and government institutions across India on this day. The importance of the Indian Constitution is emphasized during these events. Patriotic songs are sung and cultural activities are organized to celebrate the day.

The Constitution of India has been prepared with precision considering the interest of the common man as well as the overall interest of the country. It is a gift for the citizens of our country.

Long Essay on Constitution of India (600 words)

Enforced on 26 th January 1950, the Constitution of India was prepared by a committee consisting of seven members headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It guides the citizens of India, the country’s government bodies and other authorities to act in the right manner. It has played a significant role in maintaining peace and prosperity in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Here are the top salient features of the constitution of India:

Longest Written Constitution

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It took almost three years to write this detailed constitution. It has a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules and 5 appendices. It is much lengthier than the US Constitution that includes only 7 Articles.

Amalgamation of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Constitution of India is a mix of rigidity and flexibility. While it is the supreme power that needs to be followed diligently to maintain law and order in the country, the citizens can appeal to amend the provisions they deem outdated or stern. While certain provisions can be amended with some difficulty others are easy to amend. As many as 103 amendments have been done in the Constitution of our country since its enforcement.

The Preamble

The well drafted Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives a detailed account of the philosophy of the constitution. It states that India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. It is a welfare state which puts its people first. It believes in equality, freedom and justice for its people. While democratic socialism was followed right from the beginning, the term Socialism was added only in 1976.

India – A Secular State

The Constitution has declared India a secular state. India does not give special status to any religion. It provides its citizens complete freedom to choose their religion. It condemns religious groups instigating people in the name of religion.

India – A Republic

The Constitution declares India to be a Republic. The country is not ruled by a nominated head or monarch. It has an elected head called the President. The President, elected indirectly by the people of the country, comes to power for a period of 5 years.

India – A Mix of Federalism and Unitarianism

The Constitution describes India as a federal structure with many unitary features. It is referred to as a Quasi-Federation or a Unitarian Federation. Just like a federation, India has divided power among the centre and states. It has a dual administration system. It has a written, supreme constitution that needs to be followed religiously. It includes an independent judiciary embedded with the power to decide centre-state disputes. At the same time it has unitary features such as a strong common constitution, common election commission and emergency provisions to name a few.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

Directive Principles of the State Policy

The Directive Principles of the State Policy are also mentioned in the Constitution of India. These principles are basically the guidelines provided to the state to further socio-economic development aims via its policies.

The Constitution of India serves as a guiding light for its citizens. Everything is well-defined in the Indian Constitution. It has helped India attain the status of a Republic. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the members of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution have indeed done a commendable job for which they will always be remembered.

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Speech on Constitution of India

Speech on Constitution of India for Students

The primary contribution of the national movement was its tangible political practice. The concepts of parliamentary democracy, republicanism, civil freedoms, social and economic fairness, which were among the fundamental ideas of the constitution, were popularised as a result of this. To preserve peace and justice, each nation has certain sets of rules for its people to obey. These rules describe that country, and together they form that nation's constitution. The right to equality, the right to citizenship, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, the right against exploitation, and the right to constitutional redress are the basic rights of Indian people.

Long Speech on Constitution

Today, I am here to deliver a speech on the constitution of India. Like any game with some rules of its own, each state has a constitution of its own. The Constitution lays down a set of rules to which the ordinary laws of the country must conform. It also includes a list of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. The process of the evolution of the constitution began many decades before 26 January, 1950, and has continued unabated since. Its roots may be traced back to the princely states' struggle for independence from Britain and efforts for responsible and constitutional administration.

Dr. BR Abmedkar Introduced the Draft Constitution

The constitution has also tried to minimize conflict between the Union and the states by clearly specifying the legislative powers of each. It contains three lists of subjects.

The framers of the Indian constitution had borrowed freely and unabashedly from other constitutions, the wisdom of the US constitution, and its Supreme Court, the innovations of the Irish constitution, the British Parliament's time-tested norms, the administrative minutiae of the Government of India Act, 1935, and much more, including the substance of their own people's battle for independence — all went into the design and content of the Indian Constitution. The institutions created by it for fashioning a democratic structure have survived and evolved to meet the changing needs.

Features of Indian Constitution

Adult Suffrage- Congress had demanded adult suffrage since the 1920s. The overwhelming consensus was in favour of direct elections by Adult Suffrage. The beauty of adult suffrage is that it forces the most elitist of candidates to seek the favour of the vote of the humblest voter.

Preamble- The Preamble contains the constitution's fundamental idea and driving spirit. According to the Preamble, the people of India made a solemn resolution in the Constituent Assembly to secure to all citizens "social, economic, and political justice; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship; equality of status and opportunity; and to promote among them all, fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation.”

In the Indian constitution, the first kind is included under Fundamental Rights and the second under Directive Principles (54,55).

A Secular State- India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, according to the constitution.

India's constitution became effective on January 26th, 1950, although it was adopted on November 26th, 1949, by the Constituent Assembly. A drafting committee led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar wrote it. It is the longest written constitution that describes the strength, processes, and responsibilities of India's government institutions and provides a comprehensive account of the people of our country's fundamental rights and responsibilities.

It was originally handwritten, calligraphed, and also the longest Constitution in the world. India's Constitution is the supreme law drawn up by the Constituent Assembly of India, superior also to the Parliament since it does not circumvent it. India's status from "Dominion of India" was changed to the "Republic of India" with the Constitution coming into effect.

The basic rights and duties of people, the Directive Principles of State Policy, and the Federal Framework of the Government of India are included in the Constitution of India. In the Indian Constitution, every policy, right, and obligation have been clarified at length, making it the world's longest written constitution.

To get it approved, more than 2000 amendments had to be made to the Constitution of India. January 26th, 1950 was the day when the Republic of India began to be recognized as our land. Since then, January 26th has been celebrated as Republic Day. At different locations around the world, the Indian National Flag is hoisted and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice in the day. In 2015, National Constitution Day, a special day, particularly dedicated to the Indian Constitution, came into being.

Short Speech on Constitution

Today, I am here to deliver a speech on the constitution of India. The constitution has provided a framework for the protection of the Fundamental Rights of freedom of speech and expression, including the freedom of the press, freedom of association, including the ability to join political parties of one's choosing, and create labour unions, among other things. Citizens' rights have been protected by courts.

A constitution can only be as good as the people who work it, as Rajendra Prasad noted at the time of its drafting. The constitution may well be a much-needed anchor of support in the turbulent times that may await us in the new millennium.

The decision to have written rights, a list of rights, a declaration of rights in the constitution marked a sharp break with British constitutional tradition and practice because of their colonial experience.

When read collectively, the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles make it obvious that the constitution aspired to create the circumstances for the development of an equal society with safe individual liberties.

10 lines about Indian Constitution

Our Constitution was influenced by a number of previous constitutions.

It is the world's longest constitution.

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is the father of the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution's basic structure is based on the Government of India Act, 1935.

The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on December 5, 1946.

Writing the constitution took nearly three years.

The Constitution was Legally Enforced on January 26, 1950.

The National Emblem of India was adopted on January 8, 1950.

The Constitution was written in Hindi and English at the outset.

Each page of the constitution was specifically designed by an artist.

FAQs on Speech on Constitution of India

1. According to the constitution, what is the role of the President?

The executive power is vested by the constitution in the President of India, but in the words of Ambedkar, he is a constitutional head who ‘occupies the same position as the King under the English Constitution. He is the head of the State but not of the Executive.

2. According to the constitution, what is the role of the Vice President?

If the President dies in office or is unable to perform his duties because of absence, the Vice-President is enjoined upon by Article 65 to act as the President. The Vice-President, who is elected for five years by both houses of parliament, is to act as the chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.

3. According to the constitution, what is the role of the Prime Minister?

The real executive power vests under the constitution in the council of ministers headed by the prime minister. The President appoints as prime minister the leader of the party that has a majority. Other ministers are selected by the prime minister and appointed by the President.

4. What is the role of Parliament?

The Indian parliament has two houses the upper house called the Rajya Sabha or the Council of States, and the lower house called the Lok Sabha or the House of the People.

5. According to the constitution, what is the legal age to vote in India?

Constitutional law states that all Indians above the age of 18 can vote.

EssayBanyan.com – Collections of Essay for Students of all Class in English

Essay on Indian Constitution

Every country needs some rules and regulations that could help the country to develop. Also, it will help people to live peacefully in the country. Like many countries, India does have these rules written in the form of the Indian Constitution. India possesses an incredible constitution in the entire world. The Constitution of India spells out the basic rights and responsibilities of each citizen. But now the questions arise how these rules are made? What kind of rules does it include? Who follows these rules? To know all these details, let us discuss Indian Constitution in detail.

Short and Long Indian Constitution Essay in English

Here, we are presenting short and long essays on Indian Constitution in English for students under word limits of 100 – 150 Words, 200 – 250 words, and 500 – 600 words. This topic is useful for students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in English. These provided essays on Indian Constitution will help you to write effective essays, paragraphs, and speeches on this topic.

Indian Constitution Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) The Indian constitution is a set of rules and laws that help the country run well.

2) The Constitution tells how the government works, its powers, and its limits.

3) India’s Constitution is the longest one in existence.

4) There is a preamble on the first page of the Constitution.

5) The Indian constitution spells out the basic rights and responsibilities of each citizen.

6) It tells the people, the government, and other authorities how to act properly.

7) No one in India can do something that goes against the constitution.

8) It was the result of the hard work of 299 people.

9) The formation of the constitution of India was headed by Dr. Ambedkar.

10) On January 26, 1949, the constitution of India was done and signed.

Short Essay on Indian Constitution (250 – 300 Words)

Introduction

India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, and Democratic Republic that is run by parliament. This made it unique from the rest countries. India went from being called the “Dominion of India” to being called the “Republic of India” when the Constitution went into effect.

A Look at Indian Constitution

India’s political rules, procedures, and government powers are all set out in the constitution. People like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and many more were the prominent members of the Constituent Assembly. It spells out the Directive Principles of State Policy and the way the Government of India is set up. The Indian constitution also says how long the government will last and how it will be set up.

The Making of Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution holds the record for the longest-written constitution in the world. It explains every law, power, and duty. The Constitution of India was made by Dr. BR Ambedkar and his team of six people who were on the committee. The writing committee also looked at the constitutions of Britain, France, and Japan, among other countries, to find useful ideas. During the writing of the constitution, many social, political, and economic factors were taken into account.

Our country is a democratic republic. A country’s Constitution is a set of rules and laws that guide how the country is run. In the eyes of the Constitution, everyone is the same. In his eyes, no one is small, no one is big, and no one is rich or poor. We should follow our constitution.

Long Essay on Indian Constitution (500 Words)

India got its independence on August 15, 1947. India had to deal with a lot of problems after it got its freedom. There was a need of making a constitution so that the country could be ruled. It was January 26, 1950, when India became a republic. The Constitution of India is also known as India’s highest law. The Indian Constitution is known for the biggest constitution in the world. In everyday language, it is also called the “Book of Law”.

History of Indian Constitution

After independence, the constitution of India was made. To write the constitution, Rajendra Prasad led a group of people who were in charge of the constitution. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was in charge of making the Constitution of India. On December 9, 1946, the first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly took place. The next meeting was held on December 11, 1946, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was in charge.

To get it passed, the Constitution of India was changed more than 2,000 times. In 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, the country’s constitution was ready. The Constitution of India was signed by 284 people in the Constituent Assembly of India to show that they agreed with it. It was passed on November 26, 1949, and was fully put into place on January 26, 1950. India became a free and democratic country on January 26, 1950, when it went into effect.

Features of Indian Constitution

India is a Republic, which is written in the Constitution. The Constitution of India is known as the most important document because it explains in detail what each citizen of India has to do and what rights they have. It is the world’s longest-written constitution. It is made up of a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules, and 5 appendices. The well-written Preamble of the Indian Constitution explains in depth what the constitution is all about. It thinks that everyone should have the same rights, freedom, and justice.

Our Constitution is written in a way that leaves no room for confusion. The original Indian Constitution was written by hand and in a style called calligraphy. The Constitution of India was made by the country people. There is no outside influence at all. The Constitution says that India is a federal system with many features of a unitary system. India has split power between the central government and the states. The Constitution of India is very clear about what its citizens have to do.

Our constitution is unique. The constitution of India is a present for the people who live in this country. It has been a big part of keeping peace and prosperity in the country. The Constitution of India is a guide for the people who live here. So, the Indian Constitution is clear about everything. We should follow the duties and enjoy the rights provided to us as Indian citizens.

I hope the above provided essay on Indian Constitution will be helpful in understanding the history and features of the Indian Constitution.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Indian Constitution

Ans. On 26 November, India celebrates Constitution Day every year.

Ans. Dr. B.R Ambedkar is considered the “Father of the Indian Constitution”.

Ans. It took almost three years (2 years, 11 months, and 18 days) to draft the Indian constitution.

Ans. At first, there were 395 Articles, 22 Parts, and 8 Schedules in the Constitution of India. The Constitution now has 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 12 Schedules.

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Essay on National Constitution Day for Students and Children

500+ words essay on national constitution day.

We celebrate National Constitution Day or Samvidhan Divas on 26 th November every year. The significance of this day is that on this day in the year 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India . However, the Constitution of India came into force on 26 th January 1950. We celebrate 26 th January as Republic Day every year.

Declaration of National Constitution Day

On 11 th October 2015, while laying the foundation stone of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s Statue of Equality memorial at Indu Mills compound, in Mumbai, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi made a declaration. On 19 th November 2015, the Government of India officially declared 26 th November as the National Constitution Day by notification in the Gazette.

The year 2015 marks the 125 th birth anniversary of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar . Baba Saheb was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly. He played a very significant role in the drafting of the Indian Constitution. The idea behind choosing this day to celebrate is to spread the importance of the Constitution as well as the ideas and thoughts of Baba Saheb Ambedkar. It is noteworthy here that previously we celebrated this day as National Law Day.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Celebrations on National Constitution Day

Since the year of 2015 was the 125 th birth anniversary of Baba Saheb Ambedkar, the Government of India decided to celebrate this year in a massive way. For this purpose, a special committee was formed under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi . Various ministries and departments organized various programs throughout the year with a view to spreading the thoughts and ideas of Baba Saheb. However, National Constitution Day is not a public holiday.

The first National Constitution Day was celebrated by the various government departments. According to the instructions of the Department of Education and Literacy , all the students of all the schools, read the preamble of the constitution. The students were also given information about the salient features of the Indian Constitution through lectures in each school.

Also, quiz and essay competitions both online and offline on the constitution of India were organized. As per the instructions of the Department of Higher Education, various universities were asked to arrange mock parliamentary debates in colleges. The University Grants Commission (UGC) also organized an all-India quiz competition at Ambedkar University, Lucknow.

The Ministry of External Affairs also instructed all overseas Indian schools to celebrate 26 th November as National Constitution Day. It asked the embassies to translate the Indian constitution into the local language of that nation and thereafter distribute it to various academies, libraries, and faculties of Indology. The Department of Sport also organized a symbolic run named “Run for Equality”. On 26 th November 2015, there was also held a special session of Parliament in order to give tribute to the constitution and Baba Saheb Ambedkar. Also, on this occasion, the Parliament House was decorated and illuminated.

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Essay On Constitution Of India | Indian Constitution Essay for Students and Children in English

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Indian Constitution is one of the longest constitutions in the world.
Indian Constitution is the only constitution that was handwritten in two languages, English and Hindi.
Dr. BR Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.
The constitution of India declared the country as a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic.
Constitution of India assures its citizen of justice, equality, liberty and helps in promoting fraternity without any discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, gender or place of birth.
It took nearly 2 years 11 months and 18 days to finish the constitution of India.
The concept of the five-year plan was borrowed by the constitution of the USA and the concept of an independent judiciary was taken from the constitution of Japan.
The national constitution day is celebrated on the 26th of November every year.
The Constitution of India was officially adopted and came into force on 26 January 1950, which is also known as the Republic Day of India.
The English version of the Constitution has 117369 words, 444 articles, 22 parts, 12 schedules and 104 amendments.

FAQs on Essay On Constitution Of India

Question 1. Who is the father of the Indian Constitution?

Answer: Dr. BR Ambedkar is known as the father of Indian Constitution

Question 2. When was the Indian Constitution adopted?

Answer: Indian constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949, which is also known as National Constitution Day of India

Question 3. Where is the original copy of the Indian constitution located?

Answer: The original copies of the Indian Constitution is kept in a special helium-filled case in the library of the Parliament of India

Question 4. Which amendment is known as the most controversial constitutional amendment in the history of India?

Answer: The 42nd amendment, which reduces the powers of Judiciary, is known as the most controversial part of the Indian Constitution

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Essay on Fundamental Duties for Students & Children in English

January 25, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Fundamental Duties: The constitution of India has listed down every citizen’s fundamental duties. They are a gentle reminder to every person to perform his duties towards the nation for its well-being. Part 4 –A of the Indian constitution provides insights about fundamental duties. It imposes certain democratic conduct, responsibility and obligations for citizens. Countries like USA, Canada and Australia do not have fundamental duties listed in their constitution.

Essay on Fundamental Duties 500 Words in English

We have provided Fundamental Duties Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

“O, citizens of Bharat! As our ancient saints and seers, leaders and preceptors have performed their duties righteously, similarly, you shall not falter to execute your duties.” ~ Rig Veda

Our constitution has given us many constitutional or fundamental rights, but we need to remember that it contains some constitutional or fundamental duties too! Rights and Duties are inseparable. The existence of one without other is meaningless. You can’t ask of a right, without a corresponding duty or vice versa. They are the two sides of the same coin. Even, Mahatma Gandhi once said: “The very performance of a duty secures us our right. Rights cannot be divorced from duties.” Surprisingly, the Fundamental Duties weren’t part of the original Indian Constitution, when it was written at the time of Indian Independence. They were later added in the constitution in 1976 through a constitutional amendment.

By observing the duties, it can be concluded that these duties were taken from the Indian traditions, mythologies, religions and practices. These duties were, essentially, the reflection of the Indian way of life. The concept of fundamental duties was taken from the erstwhile U.S.S.R constitution, as the socialist countries considered the rights and duties to be of equal importance. Till then, Japan was the only democratic nation to have duties for its citizens. Still, not having ‘duties’ in the constitution, doesn’t mean that the citizens of that country behave irresponsibly.

to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
for a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

The Fundamental duties are a constant reminder that along with rights, there is also some moral obligation of the citizens towards the nation. Various nations worldwide have embodied the principle of ‘responsible citizens’, and moved towards developed countries’ path. In the current times, the fundamental duties are of utmost importance. For example, the duty under Article 51-A(g) asks for protecting the environment, which is extremely needed today in the climate change crisis. The importance of these fundamental duties is immense.

Even the Bhagavad Gita and Ramayana also ask people to perform their duties. Lord Krishna in Gita says, “One should do one’s duties without expectation of any fruits.” Democracy can’t be there unless the citizens become responsible for their country’s progress. For democracy to survive, a high sense of duty is a must. Also, rights and duties have to exist together. Rights without duties can lead to anarchy. Since time immemorial, Indian culture has always stressed upon an individual’s “Kartavya” – the performance of one’s duties towards society, family and his/her country.

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